上海名校高中自主招生英語黃金寶典2023上海名校高中自主招生英語模擬試題02（解析版）

模擬演練2：2023上海名校高中自主招生英語模擬演練2：2023上海名校高中自主招生英語一、語法從A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。1.______birdsusetheirfeathersforflight,someoftheirfeathersareforotherpurposes.A.OnceB.IfC.AlthoughD.Because【答案】C【解析】試題解析：A.Once一旦B.If如果C.Although盡管D.Because因為。句意：盡管鳥兒們用羽毛來飛翔，但是他們的一些羽毛還有一些其他用途。根據(jù)語境可知前后之間是讓步關(guān)系，故選C。2.Everymorninghespends________hourdoingexercise,thenhegoesto________work.A.a;aB.an;/C.a;/D.an;the2.B【詳解】考查冠詞。句意：他每天早上花一小時鍛煉身體，然后去上班。根據(jù)句意，第一個空表示數(shù)量“一”，此處表示“一個小時”，應(yīng)用不定冠詞，且hour以元音音素開頭，所以用an，第二個空用固定搭配gotowork“去工作”，所以work前用零冠詞，故選B。3."You__haveawrongnumber,"shesaid."There'snooneofthatnamehere."A.needB.canC.mustD.would3.C【詳解】考查情態(tài)動詞。句意：“你一定打錯了電話號碼，”她說?！斑@里沒有那個名字?！睆摹癟here'snooneofthatnamehere.”可知“你一定弄錯號碼了”。此處表示“肯定的推測”，故用must。A.need需要；B.can可能；C.must一定；D.would會。can常表示一種“理論上的”可能性，need顯然不正確，would一般不表推測。故選C。4.YesterdayIbrokemyfavouritewatch,andnowIhavetogetit________.A.repairedB.repairingC.repairD.torepair4.A【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：昨天我把我最喜歡的手表弄壞了，現(xiàn)在我不得不去修理它。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處用到get+賓語+賓語補足語，且賓語it也就是“手表”和repair“修理”之間是被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞作賓補，故選A。5.Myparents________inShandong.Theywerebornthereandhaveneverlivedanywhere,else.A.livedB.willliveC.werelivingD.live5.D【詳解】考查時態(tài)。句意：我的父母住在山東。他們出生在那里，從未在其他地方生活過。此空是句子謂語動詞，根據(jù)句意，可知此處表示經(jīng)常性的動作，也是現(xiàn)在的客觀事實，應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，主語是復(fù)數(shù)，所以用live，故選D。6.Themoneywillbeusedtohelpthepeople________homeswerelostintheearthquake.A.whatB.whoseC.whomD.which6.B【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：這筆錢將用于幫助那些在地震中失去家園的人們。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處需用關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞是people，指人，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作定語修飾名詞homes，意為“……的”，所以空處需用關(guān)系代詞whose引導(dǎo)定語從句。故選B。7.Currently,about35,000works________inover300roomsintheLouvre,anditwouldtakealifetimetoseeeverything.A.weredisplayingB.aredisplayingC.werebeingdisplayedD.arebeingdisplayed7.D【詳解】考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。目前，大約有35000件作品陳列在盧浮宮的300多個展室里，要看完所有的展品恐怕要花一輩子的時間。根據(jù)上文“Currently(目前)”可知，應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在進行時；display與主語works之間為被動關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在進行時的被動。故選D。8.Mr.Blackwalkedaroundandofferedhelp________weweredoinganexperiment.A.whileB.althoughC.untilD.unless8.A【詳解】考查從屬連詞。句意：當我們做實驗時，布萊克先生四處走動并提供幫助。A.while當……時；B.although雖然；C.until直到；D.unless如果不，除非。根據(jù)主句“Mr.Blackwalkedaroundandofferedhelp（布萊克先生四處走動并提供幫助）”和從句“weweredoinganexperiment（我們正在做實驗）”可知，此處使用連詞while“當……時”引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。故選A。9.________theirhatsintotheair,thefansofthewinningteamshoutedhappily.A.TothrowB.ThrowingC.ThrownD.Beingthrown9.B【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：獲勝隊的球迷們把帽子拋向空中，高聲歡呼。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句已有謂語動詞shouted，且空處沒有連詞，所以空處需用非謂語動詞作狀語，動詞throw與主句主語thefans之間是主動關(guān)系，所以空處需用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。故選B。10.Weliveinanage________moreinformationisavailablemoreeasilythaneverbefore.A.whyB.towhomC.whenD.onwhich10.C【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：我們生活在一個比以往任何時候都更容易獲得更多信息的時代。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句意可知，此空引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞是age，表示時間，從句結(jié)構(gòu)完整，先行詞在從句中作時間狀語，所以此從句用關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)；也可用介詞加關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)，根據(jù)常用搭配inanage，可知介詞選擇in，age指物，關(guān)系代詞用which，可用inwhich引導(dǎo)，結(jié)合選項，故選C。11.---Didyoutidyyourroom?---No,IwasgoingtotidymyroombutI______visitors.A.had B.have C.havehad D.willhave11答案：A解析：根據(jù)所提供的情景“Iwasgoingtotidymyroom”可判斷出要用一般過去時，表示過去所發(fā)生的事。一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)常性的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。現(xiàn)在完成時表示已經(jīng)完成動作或從過去某個時候開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作。過去完成時表示一個動作或狀態(tài)在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)完成或結(jié)束，即“過去的過去”；都與所提供的情境矛盾。12.---Guesswhat!IhavegotAformytermpaper.---Great!You______readwidelyandputalotofworkintoit.A.must B.should C.musthave D.shouldhave12答案：C解析：“musthave+動詞+ed形式”表示“一定做了某事”。根據(jù)所提供的情景“Guesswhat!IhavegotAformyteampaper.”可判斷出一定進行了廣泛閱讀并做了大量工作。must意為“一定，必須”，后接動詞原形表示“一定或必須做某事”。should意為“應(yīng)該”，后接動詞原形表示“應(yīng)該做某事”。都是對對方的要求?！皊houldhave+動詞+ed形式”表示“本來應(yīng)該做某事，而沒有做”，常用于表示責備。13.Thetraditionalviewis______wesleepbecauseourbrainis“programmed”tomakeusdoso.A.when B.why C.whether D.that13答案：D解析：that引導(dǎo)表語從句，在從句中只起連接作用，不作任何成分?！?..wesleepbecauseourbrainis”programmed“tomakeustoso”是一個完整的句子，所以要用that引導(dǎo)。when和where在表語從句中作狀語，分別表示“在……的時候”和“在……地方”。whether意為“是否”。14.Atminus130℃,alivingcellcanbe______forathousandyears.A.spared B.protected C.preserved D.developed14答案：C解析：preserve意為“保持,保存”，根據(jù)所提供的情景atminus130℃可判斷出表示“至少在零下130℃，活體細胞才能被保存1000年。spare意為“節(jié)約,節(jié)省，分讓,提供”；protect意為“保護”；develop意為“發(fā)展,發(fā)達,發(fā)揚,進步”。15.Asanewdiplomat.heoftenthinksof______hecanreactmoreappropriatelyonsuchoccasions.A.what B.which C.that D.how15.【答案】Ｄ【解析】主要測試連詞。此題同上面的第３７題，解題關(guān)鍵：主要考慮句子中缺少什么成分。譯文：作為一名新的外交官，他經(jīng)常考慮對這種情況如何做出更加適合的反映。句子中缺少的應(yīng)該是狀語，而且四個答案充當?shù)木渥映煞忠哺鞑幌嗤?，故此選how最佳。二、詞匯填空Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A．contribute

B．global

C．bringing

D．originally

E.concerned

F.seekingG.features

H.power

I.positions

J.engineered

K.regularlyWhenitcomestoinnovativecountries,wealwaysthinkofplacesliketheUS,theUKandGermany.However,Israelisalsoa(n)___1____leaderininnovation.AccordingtotheWorldEconomicForum’sglobalCompetitivenessReport2016-2017,Israelisthesecondmostinnovativenationintheworld,justafterSwitzerland.Manyofusmaynotbeaware,buttechnologies___2____inIsraelhavechangedourlives.Forexample,antivirussoftwarethatprotectsourcomputerswas___3____developedinIsraelinthe1970s,accordingtoTheTelegraph.Inaddition,____4____onourmobilephonessuchasvoicemailandSMSwerealsodevelopedinIsrael.SoitcomesasnosurprisethatIsraelplanstouseitsinnovativestrengthto___5____thecooperationwithChinaintheBeltandRoadInitiative.AslongasIsraelisneeded,itwillsparenoeffortto___6____totheproject,saidIsraeliPrimeMinisterBenjaminNetanyahuduringhisvisittoChinainMarch,accordingtoXinhuaNewsAgency.ManyIsraelienvironmentaltechnologycompanieshavealreadysetupfacilitiesinShandongprovince,____7____Israelitechniquestomanyareassuchasrecyclingwaterforagriculturaluse,reportedtheTimesofIsrael.Foundedonverydryland,Israelhadbeen____8____aboutwaterforaverylongtime.However,inrecentyears,thequalityandquantityofwaterinIsraelhavebeenimproved,withthehelpoftechniquesthatturnMediterraneanseawaterandwastewaterintousablewater.Infact,suchinnovationshaveledtomoreandmoreChinesestudents____9____qualityhighereducationinIsrael.“WhenChinesestudentswhostudyheregobackhome,theywillbein____10____toinfluenceChina-Israelrelationshipsinthefuture,”EmmaAfter-man,managerofIsrael-ChinaAcademicRelationsattheCouncilforHigherEducation,toldtheJerusalemPost.【答案】1．B

2．J

3．D

4．G

5．H

6．A

7．C

8．E

9．F

10．I【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了以色列是僅次于瑞士的世界上創(chuàng)新能力第二強的國家。以色列的技術(shù)已經(jīng)改變了我們的生活；以色列計劃利用其創(chuàng)新的力量來推動與中國在“一帶一路”的合作；許多以色列環(huán)保技術(shù)公司已經(jīng)在山東省設(shè)立了設(shè)施，將以色列的技術(shù)引進到許多地區(qū)。1．考查形容詞。句意：然而，以色列也是創(chuàng)新領(lǐng)域的全球領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。分析句子可知，空處修飾名詞leader，應(yīng)用形容詞作定語，global“全球的”為形容詞，符合句意。故選B項。2．考查動詞。句意：我們中的許多人可能沒有意識到，但以色列設(shè)計的技術(shù)已經(jīng)改變了我們的生活。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空處作非謂語動詞，engineered“設(shè)計制造”是動詞的過去分詞形式，作后置定語修飾名詞technologies，符合句意。故選J項。3．考查副詞。句意：例如，據(jù)《每日電訊報》報道，保護我們電腦的防病毒軟件最初是在20世紀70年代在以色列開發(fā)的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空處修飾動詞developed，應(yīng)用副詞形式作狀語，originally“起初”為副詞，符合句意。故選D項。4．考查名詞。句意：此外，我們手機上的語音郵件和短信等功能也是以色列研發(fā)的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空處作句子主語，且謂語動詞使用weredeveloped，主語應(yīng)用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，features“為實現(xiàn)某功能而具有的特性”為名詞，符合句意。故選G項。5．考查動詞。句意：因此，以色列計劃利用其創(chuàng)新力量推動與中國在“一帶一路”倡議中的合作就不足為奇了。結(jié)合語意，以色列計劃利用其創(chuàng)新力量是為了推動與中國在“一帶一路”倡議中的合作，所以應(yīng)用不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作目的狀語，空前已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)to，空處應(yīng)用動詞原形形式，power“推動”是動詞原形形式，符合句意。故選H項。6．考查動詞。句意：據(jù)新華社報道，以色列總理本杰明·內(nèi)塔尼亞胡（BenjaminNetanyahu）3月訪問中國時表示，只要以色列被需要，它將不遺余力地為該項目做出貢獻。sparenoefforttodosth.為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“不遺余力做某事”，所以空處應(yīng)用動詞原形形式，contribute“貢獻”為動詞原形，符合句意。故選A項。7．考查動詞。句意：據(jù)《以色列時報》報道，許多以色列環(huán)境技術(shù)公司已經(jīng)在山東省建立了設(shè)施，將以色列的技術(shù)應(yīng)用于許多領(lǐng)域，如農(nóng)業(yè)用水的循環(huán)利用。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空處作非謂語動詞，bringing“帶來”是動詞現(xiàn)在分詞形式，與邏輯主語ManyIsraelienvironmentaltechnologycompanies之間是主動關(guān)系，作句子狀語，符合句意。故選C項。8．考查形容詞。句意：以色列建立在非常干燥的土地上，很長一段時間以來一直為水而擔心。結(jié)合語意，以色列建在干燥的土地上，所以以色列會為水而擔心，concerned“擔心的”為形容詞，作句子表語，符合句意。故選E項。9．考查動詞。句意：事實上，這些創(chuàng)新已經(jīng)導(dǎo)致越來越多的中國學(xué)生在以色列尋求高質(zhì)量的高等教育。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空處作非謂語動詞，seeking“尋求”是動名詞形式，作介詞to的賓語，符合句意。故選F項。10．考查名詞。句意：當在這里學(xué)習(xí)的中國學(xué)生回國后，他們將能夠影響未來的中以關(guān)系。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空處用于介詞in之后，應(yīng)用名詞形式作賓語，positions“位置”是名詞，inpositionsto為固定搭配，表示“處于可以……的位置，有能力……”，符合句意。故選I項。三、完形填空It’sbeenfiveyearssinceIcametoAmerica.TheyearbeforeIarrived,everyweekendIwaswokenupby“SpringRiverintheFlowerMoonNight”,____1____bymymotheronaZheng.Mymomwasalwaysenchanted(著迷)bythebeautyofChinesetraditionalmusic,____2____sheneverhadthechancetolearna(n)____3____.In2009,shegotaZhengfromafriendandhasbeenplayingandperformingeversince.SometimeswhenI____4____her,IsearchforthesongsheusedtoplayontheInternet.I____5____expectedtohearthemhereinBoston.Earlierthisyear,asI____6____anewapartment,ImetZhanTaoLin.thedirectoroftheBostonChineseMusiciansAssociation.AtLin’shouse,Iheardthe____7____oftheerhu.Linlater____8____metohismusicteamandIheardthenrehearse(排練)fora____9____thisyear.Itwasbeautifulandpowerful—it_____10_____broughtmebacktomyhometowninChina.1．A．played B．directed C．written D．invented2．A．a(chǎn)nd B．but C．or D．so3．A．trade B．instrument C．language D．trick4．A．mention B．hate C．call D．miss5．A．only B．still C．never D．a(chǎn)lready6．A．lookedafter B．lookedat C．lookedup D．lookedfor7．A．sound B．story C．name D．cry8．A．followed B．ordered C．introduced D．guided9．A．competition B．performance C．game D．conference10．A．secretly B．recently C．suddenly D．usually【答案】1．A

2．B

3．B

4．D

5．C

6．D

7．A

8．C

9．B

10．C【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了受媽媽的影響，作者非常喜歡中國古典音樂，在波士頓找房的時候遇到華人音樂家協(xié)會會長，并把作者介紹給他的音樂團隊，讓他有機會再次感受中國音樂的魅力。1．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在我來的前一年，每個周末我都被媽媽用古箏演奏的《花月夜春江》吵醒。A.played彈奏；B.directed指導(dǎo)；C.written寫作；D.invented發(fā)明。根據(jù)上文“TheyearbeforeIarrived,everyweekendIwaswokenupby“SpringRiverintheFlowerMoonNight””可知是我媽媽用古箏演奏的的曲子，故選A。2．考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：我媽媽總是被中國傳統(tǒng)音樂的美迷住，但她從來沒有機會學(xué)習(xí)一種樂器。A.and并且；B.but但是；C.or或者；D.so所以。根據(jù)“sheneverhadthechancetolearna(n)”可知上下文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故選B。3．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.trade交易；B.instrument樂器；C.language語言；D.trick竅門。根據(jù)下文“In2009,shegotaZhengfromafriend”可知我媽媽從來沒有機會學(xué)習(xí)一種樂器，故選B。4．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：有時候我想她的時候，就會在網(wǎng)上搜索她曾經(jīng)演奏過的曲子。A.mention提到；B.hate憎恨；C.call叫；D.miss想念。根據(jù)下文“IsearchforthesongsheusedtoplayontheInternet”可知是我想念我媽媽的時候，故選D。5．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我從沒想過會在波士頓聽到。A.only僅僅；B.still仍然；C.never從不；D.already已經(jīng)。根據(jù)文章開頭“It’sbeenfiveyearssinceIcametoAmerica.”可知作者搬到了美國，所以從未想過會在波士頓聽這樣的曲子，故選C。6．考查動詞短語辨析。句意：今年早些時候，在我找新公寓的時候，我遇到了林占濤。A.lookedafter照顧；B.lookedat查看；C.lookedup查找；D.lookedfor尋找。根據(jù)下文“anewapartment”可知是在波士頓找住處，故選D。7．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在林家，我聽到了二胡的聲音。A.sound聲音；B.story故事；C.name名字；D.cry哭。根據(jù)下文“erhu”，可知是聽到了二胡的聲音。故選A。8．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：后來，林把我介紹給了他的音樂團隊，我聽到他們在為今年的一場演出排練。A.followed跟隨；B.ordered命令；C.introduced介紹；D.guided指導(dǎo)。根據(jù)下文“Iheardthenrehearse(排練)”可知林把我介紹給了他的音樂團隊，所以我才能聽到他們的排練，故選C。9．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.competition競賽；B.performance表演；C.game游戲；D.conference會議。根據(jù)上文“Linlater8metohismusicteamandIheardthenrehearse(排練)”可知是音樂團隊的演出排練，故選B。10．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：它是美麗的和強大的——它突然把我?guī)Щ匚以谥袊募亦l(xiāng)。A.secretly秘密地；B.recently最近；C.suddenly突然地；D.usually通常地。根據(jù)上文“Itwasbeautifulandpowerful”可知聽到美妙的曲子，突然把我?guī)Щ亓思亦l(xiāng)，勾起了思鄉(xiāng)之情，故選C。四、閱讀理解AEngineersandscientistsattheUniversityofTexasatAustinhavedevelopedauniquesolutiontohelppeopleintheseareasgetcleandrinkingwater.Theydevelopedalow-costgelfilm(凝膠膜)thatcanpullwaterfromtheairineventhedriestclimate.Justonekilogramofgelcanabsorbuptosixlitersofwaterinadryclimate.Forthoselivinginaclimatewithrelativehumidity(潮濕),onekilogramofgelcancollectupto13litersofwateraday.Asthegelissoinexpensiveandeasytomake,itmayofferawayofprovidingdrinkingwatertocountrieswithwatershortages.Previously,researchershaveharvestedfreshwaterfromfoganddew,butthatonlyservesareaswithhighhumidity.Otherattemptsatpullingwaterfromdesertairconsumelotsofenergyanddonotproducemuch.Infact,thisgelisabigimprovementfrompreviouswaterharvestingtechnologies.Themaximumwaterharvestedhasbeen5.87litersinplaceswithrelativehumidity.Thisnewgeldoublesthisamount,usesnoenergyandissimpletooperateanditcanbemoldedintoashapeorsizethatbestsuitstheuser.“Thisnewworkisaboutpracticalsolutionsthatpeoplecanusetogetwaterinthehottest,driestplacesonEarth,”saidGuihuaYu,professorattheCockrellSchoolofEngineering.“Thiscouldallowmillionsofpeoplewithoutconsistentaccesstodrinkingwatertohavesimple,watergeneratingdevices(取水裝置)athomethattheycaneasilyoperate.”“Thisisnotsomethingyouneedanadvanceddegreetouse,”thepaper’sleadauthor,Youhong“Nancy”Guosaid.“It’sstraightforwardenoughthatanyonecanmakeitathomeiftheyhavethematerials.”Scientistsareplanningonmakingathickergelthatwillincreasetheproduction,makingthistechnologyapracticablesolutiontodrought.1．Whatdoweknowaboutthegelfilmfromparagraph2?A．Itcanincreasethehumidityoftheair.B．Itcanharvestdrinkingwaterfromtheair.C．Ithasbeenwidelyappliedindesertareas.D．Itcostslotsofmoneyandenergytoproduce.2．WhatisGuihuaYu’sattitudetowardsthenewwater-harvestingmethod?A．Indifferent. B．Skeptical.C．Disapproving. D．Hopeful.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“straightforward”inlastparagraphmean?A．easy. B．straight. C．frank. D．cheap4．Whatwillscientistsplantodonext?A．Developathickergel.B．Producethegelonalargescale.C．Raisemoneyforfurtherresearch.D．Teachpeopletomakethegelathome.【答案】1．B

2．D

3．A

4．A【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文。文章主要講述了德克薩斯大學(xué)奧斯汀分校的工程師和科學(xué)家開發(fā)了一種獨特的解決方案，幫助這些地區(qū)的人們獲取清潔的飲用水。1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Theydevelopedalow-costgelfilm(凝膠膜)thatcanpullwaterfromtheairineventhedriestclimate.Justonekilogramofgelcanabsorbuptosixlitersofwaterinadryclimate.Asthegelissoinexpensiveandeasytomake,itmayofferawayofprovidingdrinkingwatertocountrieswithwatershortages.（他們研發(fā)了一種低成本的凝膠膜，這種凝膠膜即使在干燥的氣候下也能從空氣中吸水。在干燥的氣候中，僅一公斤的凝膠就能吸收6升的水。因為這種凝膠價格低且易于制作，它可以為缺水國家提供飲用水。）”可知，這種凝膠膜可以從空氣中獲取飲用水，故選B。2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段““Thisnewworkisaboutpracticalsolutionsthatpeoplecanusetogetwaterinthehottest,driestplacesonEarth,”saidGuihuaYu,professorattheCockrellSchoolofEngineering.“Thiscouldallowmillionsofpeoplewithoutconsistentaccesstodrinkingwatertohavesimple,watergeneratingdevices(取水裝置)athomethattheycaneasilyoperate.”（科克雷爾工程學(xué)院的教授GuihuaYu說道：‘這一新發(fā)明是很實用的解決方法，地球上最熱最干燥的地區(qū)的人們可以使用這個方法來獲取水。這能讓無法一直擁有飲用水的百萬人在家就可以簡單地操作這一取水裝置?！笨芍J為，GuihuaYu這一新的取水裝置能滿足無法獲取飲用水的人的需求，故他對這一取水設(shè)備是充滿希望的，故選D。3．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章最后一段““Thisisnotsomethingyouneedanadvanceddegreetouse,”thepaper’sleadauthor,Youhong“Nancy”Guosaid.“It’sstraightforwardenoughthatanyonecanmakeitathomeiftheyhavethematerials.”（Youhong“Nancy”Guo說道：‘這并不是需要你有高級學(xué)位才能使用的東西，它很簡單，以至于如果有材料，任何人都能在家制作’。）”中straightforward一詞的前后文的提示“Thisisnotsomethingyouneedanadvanceddegreetouse（這并不是需要你有高級學(xué)位才能使用的東西）”“anyonecanmakeitathomeiftheyhavethematerials.（如果有材料，任何人都能在家制作）”可知，這一設(shè)備是任何人都能制作出來的，故此處的“straightforward”與A項“easy簡單的”意思相近，故選A。4．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Scientistsareplanningonmakingathickergelthatwillincreasetheproduction,makingthistechnologyapracticablesolutiontodrought.（科學(xué)家們正計劃制作一個更厚的凝膠，以提高產(chǎn)量，使這項技術(shù)成為解決干旱的可行方案。）”可知，科學(xué)家們接下來會計劃研發(fā)一個更厚的凝膠，故選A。BForlate19th-centuryNorthAmericansandEuropeans,adisplayoftableware(餐具)couldrevealmuchaboutsomeone’ssocialposition,asthewealthytookgreatcaretogetdifferentkindsofforksforeverything.Beforethe18thcentury,peopleofallclassesusuallyatewithaknifeandaspoon.Thefork’spathtothetablewashard-wonandslow.InancientEgypt,Greece,andRome,forkswereusedforslicingfoodintopiecesorliftingmeatfromapotorfire.Followingareductioninsize,theforkappearedtohaveentereddiningareasinthecourtsoftheMiddleEastandByzantineEmpirebytheeighthandninthcenturies,andbecamecommonamongwealthyfamiliestherebythetenthcentury.Earlyinthe11thcentury,itappearedinvariouspiecesofEuropeanart.Inthelate11thcentury,St.PeterDamianfromOstiawroteaboutaByzantineprincesswhousedforksandregardedherdyingofadiseaseaspunishmentforsuch“l(fā)uxury”.Thefork’sslowconquestofEuropewascarriedoutfromItaly.Motivatedbythesameconcernsforhygiene(衛(wèi)生)，forkswereboughtbywealthyBritons，inspiredbyQueenVictoria,whoregardedforkuseasasignofgoodmanners.Thefork’sintroductiontoNorthAmericadatesbackto1633,whenJohnWinthrop,afounderoftheMassachusettsBayColony,wasgiftedasetofforks.TheIndustrialRevolutionstrengthenedthefork’spresenceondiningroomtablesasproductionofflatwarebecamelessexpensive.Writingin1896inSocialEriquere，MaudC．CookedeclaredtheforkhadfinallyconqueredtheknifeinAmericaand“anyattempttogivetheknifeimportanceattableislookeduponasanoffense(冒犯)againstgoodtaste.”5．Whatcanwelearnaboutforksfromparagraph1?A．Theywereusedimproperlyinthe18thcentury.B．Theyhadmanydifferenttypesinthe19thcentury.C．TheywerepopularinEuropebeforethe18thcentury.D．TheyledtoNorthAmerican’sriseinsocialposition.6．WhatwasafunctionofforksinancientEgypt?A．Toeatfood. B．Todecoratetables.C．Tocutfood. D．Tocreateworksofart.7．Whowasagainsttheuseofforks?A．St.PeterDamian. B．ThomasCoryate.C．QueenVictoria D．MaudC．Cooke.8．Whatmarkedthebeginningofthefork’sintroductiontoNorthAmerica?A．TheappearanceofflatwareB．ThestartoftheIndustrialRevolution.C．JohnWinthropreceivingforksaspresents.D．MaudC．CookewritingSocialEtiquette.【答案】5．B

6．C

7．A

8．C【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文。主要介紹了叉子的演變以及在不同時期的使用。5．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Forlate19th-centuryNorthAmericansandEuropeans,adisplayoftableware(餐具)couldrevealmuchaboutsomeone’ssocialposition,asthewealthytookgreatcaretogetdifferentkindsofforksforeverything.（對于19世紀晚期的北美和歐洲來說，餐具的擺放能展示一個人的社會地位，因為有錢人非常小心地為所有的東西準備了不同種類的叉子。）”可知，在19世紀，叉子有著不同的類型，故選B。6．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“InancientEgypt,Greece,andRome,forkswereusedforslicingfoodintopiecesorliftingmeatfromapotorfire.（在古埃及、希臘和羅馬，叉子被用來將食物切片，或者從鍋里和火里將肉取出。）”可知，在古埃及，叉子是用來切割食物的，故選C。7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Inthelate11thcentury,St.PeterDamianfromOstiawroteaboutaByzantineprincesswhousedforksandregardedherdyingofadiseaseaspunishmentforsuch“l(fā)uxury”.（在11世紀末，奧斯蒂亞的St.PeterDamian寫了一篇關(guān)于拜占庭公主使用叉子的文章，并將她死于疾病視為這種“奢侈”的懲罰。）”可知，St.PeterDamian是反對使用叉子的，故選A。8．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Thefork’sintroductiontoNorthAmericadatesbackto1633,whenJohnWinthrop,afounderoftheMassachusettsBayColony,wasgiftedasetofforks.（叉子被引入到北美可以追溯到1633年，當時馬薩諸塞灣殖民地的創(chuàng)始人JohnWinthrop收到了一套叉子。）”可知，JohnWinthrop收到叉子的禮物，標志著叉子被引入北美，故選C。CSomepeoplethinkifyouarehappy,youareblindtoreality.Butwhenweresearchit,happinessactuallyraiseseverysinglebusinessandeducationaloutcomeforthebrain.Howdidwemissthis?Whydowehavethesesocialmisunderstandingsabouthappiness?Becauseweassumedyouwereaverage.Whenwestudypeople,scientistsareofteninterestedinwhattheaverageis.Manypeoplethinkhappinessisgenetic.That’sonlyhalfthestory,becausetheaveragepersondoesnotfighttheirgenes.Whenwestopstudyingtheaverageandbeginresearchingpositiveoutliers--peoplewhoareaboveaverageforapositiveaspectlikeoptimismorintelligence--awildlydifferentpictureappears.Ourdailydecisionsandhabitshaveahugeimpactuponbothourlevelsofhappinessandsuccess.Scientifically,happinessisachoice.Itisachoiceaboutwhereyoursingleprocessorbrainwilldevoteitslimitedresourcesasyouprocesstheworld.Ifyouscanforthenegativefirst,yourbrainreallyhasnoresourcesleftovertoseethethingsyouaregratefulfororthemeaningembedded(嵌入)inyourwork.Butifyouscantheworldforthepositive,youstarttoacquireanamazingadvantage.IwrotethecoverstoryfortheHarvardBusinessReviewmagazineon“HappinessLeadstoProfits”.Basedonmyarticlecalled“PositiveIntelligence”andmyresearchinTheHappinessAdvantage,Isummarizedourresearchedconclusion:thesinglegreatestadvantageinthemoderneconomyisahappyandbusyworkforce.Adecadeofresearchinthebusinessworldprovesthathappinessraisesnearlyeverybusinessandeducationaloutcome:increasingsalesby37%,productivityby31%,andaccuracyontasksby19%,aswellasanumberofhealthandquality-of-lifeimprovements.9．Theunderlinedword“this”inthefirstparagraphrefersto________.A．thefactthatpeoplearehappyB．theconnectionbetweenhappinessandeducationaloutcomeC．thefactthatpeopleoftenmisunderstandhappinessD．thefactthatmostpeopleareaverage10．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Scientistsareonlyinterestedinwhattheaverageis.B．Youcanchoosetobehappyornot.C．Theaveragearenothappyatall.D．Ourdecisionsandhabitshavenothingtodowithhappiness.11．Whydoesthewritermentionhisarticlesandresearch?A．Toadvertisehimself.B．Toarousethereaders’interest.C．Tosupporthispointabouthappiness.D．Toattractthereaderstoreadhisarticles.12．Whatistheauthor’spurposeofwritingthisarticle?A．Todescribethemisunderstandingsabouthappiness.B．Toshowpeopletheimportanceofhappiness.C．Tomakethepointofwhatbusinessandeducationaloutcomeliesin.D．Tomakethepointthathappinesspromotesbusinessandeducationaloutcome.【答案】9．B

10．B

11．C

12．D【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。文章針對“幸?！边@一主題展開論述，論述了幸福感的提升對我們?nèi)粘５慕?jīng)濟業(yè)務(wù)與教育成果有重大益處。9．詞義猜測題。this應(yīng)指代上文出現(xiàn)的內(nèi)容。由文章第一段第二句“Butwhenweresearchit,happinessactuallyraiseseverysinglebusinessandeducationaloutcomeforthebrain.(但當我們對它進行研究時，幸福實際上會提高大腦的每一項業(yè)務(wù)和教育成果)”可知，幸福實際上會提高大腦的每一項業(yè)務(wù)和教育成果。故可推知，下文中的this指代的是上一句中幸福和教育結(jié)果之間的關(guān)系，故選B。10．推理判斷題。由第三段的“Scientifically,happinessisachoice.(科學(xué)地說，幸福是一種選擇)”和“Ifyouscanforthenegativefirst,yourbrainreallyhasnoresourcesleftovertoseethethingsyouaregratefulfororthemeaningembedded(嵌入)inyourwork.Butifyouscantheworldforthepositive,youstarttoacquireanamazingadvantage.(如果你先看消極的一面，你的大腦真的沒有余力去看你感激的事情或你工作的意義。但如果你從積極的角度審視這個世界，你就會開始獲得驚人的優(yōu)勢)”可知，你如果心態(tài)消極，那么你就看不見你所感恩的東西，同樣也看不到工作的意義。但是如果你積極的細看這個世界，你會開始獲得令人意想不到的益處。通過這兩種態(tài)度可以得出，幸福就是一個選擇，你可以選擇快樂你也可以選擇悲傷，關(guān)鍵在于你自己，故選B。11．推理判斷題。由文章第四段第一、二句“IwrotethecoverstoryfortheHarvardBusinessReviewmagazineon“HappinessLeadstoProfits”.Basedonmyarticlecalled“PositiveIntelligence”andmyresearchinTheHappinessAdvantage,Isummarizedourresearchedconclusion:thesinglegreatestadvantageinthemoderneconomyisahappyandbusyworkforce.(我為《哈佛商業(yè)評論》雜志撰寫了題為“幸福帶來好處”的封面故事。根據(jù)我的文章《積極的智力》和我在《幸福優(yōu)勢》中的研究，我總結(jié)了我們的研究結(jié)論：現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟中最大的單一優(yōu)勢是快樂和忙碌的勞動力)”可推知，作者提及自己寫的文章和調(diào)查研究，是為了支撐中心論點——幸福感，故選C。12．推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其第一段的“Butwhenweresearchit,happinessactuallyraiseseverysinglebusinessandeducationaloutcomeforthebrain.(但當我們對它進行研究時，幸福實際上會提高大腦的每一項業(yè)務(wù)和教育成果)可知，本文主要圍繞人的幸福感展開論述，通過人們對幸福的不同理解和作者的佐證，以及利用研究調(diào)查得出一重要結(jié)論——幸福感可以促進業(yè)務(wù)和增強教育成果。由此推知，作者寫這篇文章的目的是為了證明為了證明幸福能促進事業(yè)和教育成果。故選D。DHaveyoueveryelledatyourcomputerbecauseitwasn’tworking?Yourcomputercouldn’t“yell”back-untilnow.AIresearchersarenowworkingoncomputersthatcanargueandperhapsevenwindebateswithhumans.IBMscientistspublishedapaperinNatureonMarch17abouttheirnewAIsystem-ProjectDebater.Itcandebatewithpeopleindependentlyinfrontofliveaudiences.Afterlisteningtoargumentsfromitsopponent(對手),thesystemcansearcharound400milliononlinearticlesinlessthanfiveminutes.Itlooksforideasthatcansupportitsownargument.Testingonthesystembeganin2019whenitdebatedwithHarishNatarajan,aprofessionaldebaterwhoholdstheworldrecordformostdebatecompetitionvictories.Thedebatetopicwaswhetherornotpreschoolshouldbesubsidized(給.....補助),andtheAIsystemarguedinfavorofthisidea.AlthoughtheAIlostthedebateintheendbasedontheaudiencevote,theaudiencesaiditdidverywell.Interestingly,58percentoftheaudiencesaidthatProjectDebaterincreasedtheirknowledgeaboutthetopic,whileonly20percentsaidthesameaboutNatarajan.Also,ProjectDebaterhasshownstrengthatmakingimpressiveandlogicalopeningstatementsinthedebate,accordingtoScientificAmerican.Aftercompetingwithvarioushumandebaters,theAIsystem’soverallperformanceremainsinferior(遜色的),“fullycapableofsoundingawkwardduringanargument,”notedScientificAmerican.Inotherwords,theback-and-forthargumentsintheAIsystem’sdebatesdon’tsoundlikearealhumanconversation.“Onstage,ProjectDebaterisfarfromperfect,anditsmissteps(過失)revealjusthowdifficultandhowhumanargumentationanddebateare,”saidcomputerscientistChrisReedoftheUniversityofDundeeintheUK.Humansandtechnologyhavebeenfacingofffordecades.In1997,IBM’sDeepBluebecamethefirstcomputertodefeatareigning(衛(wèi)冕的)chesschampion,bestingtitan(巨人)GarryKasparovinasix-gamematch.Soaftertwodecades,haveIBM’sresearchersjustreproduceda“DeepBlue”todebate?It’smuchmorethanthat,theresearchersnoted.Argumentanddebatearefundamental(基本的)capabilities(能力)ofhumanintelligence,andit’sastepoutsideofAI’scomfortzonetoenterthisrealm(領(lǐng)域),accordingtothearticleinNature.13．HowcanProjectDebaterdebatewithhumans?A．Bylearningfromhumans.B．Bymakinguseofitsinternaldata.C．Bylisteningtoresearchers’instructions.D．Bycollectingalotofdatainashorttime.14．WhatdidthemajorityoftheaudiencethinkabouttheperformanceofProjectDebaterinthetesting?A．Itmadethemmoreawareofthetopic.B．Itsstatementswerenotlogicalenough.C．ItsoverallperformancewasbetterthanNatarajan’s.D．Itsopeningstatementswereboring.15．Whatdoparagraphs4and5mainlytalkabout?A．ThedisadvantagesofProjectDebater.B．ProjectDebater’scompetitionswithotherhumandebaters.C．TheapplicationoftheAsysteminthefuture.D．ChallengesfacingtheAIsystemandhumandebaters.16．Whatcanbeconcludedfromthelastparagraph?A．ProjectDebaterisconsideredanupdatedversionofDeepBlue.B．HumanshaveanadvantageoverAIindebating.C．AIhasalongwaytogobeforeitcanwinagainsthumans.D．AItechnologyhasn’tprogressedmuchinthelastdecades.【答案】1．D

2．A

3．A

4．B【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了人工智能研究的項目——與人類進行辯論的ProjectDebater。13．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Afterlisteningtoargumentsfromitsopponent