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函數(shù)的性質(zhì)核心考點(diǎn)考情統(tǒng)計(jì)考向預(yù)測(cè)備考策略定義域2020·北京卷T11可以預(yù)測(cè)2024年新高考命題方向?qū)⒗^續(xù)以函數(shù)的基本性質(zhì)等問題展開命題.函數(shù)的基本性質(zhì)單選題一般為中檔題,縱觀近幾年的新高考試題,分別考查函數(shù)的單調(diào)性、奇偶性、周期性及對(duì)稱性,考點(diǎn)綜合性強(qiáng),思維難度較大,是高考沖刺的重點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)內(nèi)容。單調(diào)性2023·北京卷T4奇偶性2022·北京卷T41.(2023·北京卷T4)下列函數(shù)中,在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增的是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】C【解析】對(duì)于A,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,故A錯(cuò)誤;對(duì)于B,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,故B錯(cuò)誤;對(duì)于C,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,故C正確;對(duì)于D,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,顯然SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上不單調(diào),D錯(cuò)誤.故選:C.2.(2022·北京卷T4))已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,則對(duì)任意實(shí)數(shù)x,有(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】C【解析】SKIPIF1<0,故A錯(cuò)誤,C正確;SKIPIF1<0,不是常數(shù),故BD錯(cuò)誤;故選:C.3.(2020·北京卷T11))函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的定義域是.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】由題意得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<01.求函數(shù)的定義域應(yīng)關(guān)注三點(diǎn)①要明確使各函數(shù)表達(dá)式有意義的條件是什么,函數(shù)有意義的準(zhǔn)則一般有:(ⅰ)分式的分母不為0;(ⅱ)偶次根式的被開方數(shù)非負(fù);(ⅲ)y=x0要求x≠0.②不對(duì)解析式化簡變形,以免定義域變化.③當(dāng)一個(gè)函數(shù)由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上代數(shù)式的和、差、積、商的形式構(gòu)成時(shí),定義域是使得各式子都有意義的公共部分的集合.2.函數(shù)單調(diào)性設(shè)SKIPIF1<0那么SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0上是增函數(shù);SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0上是減函數(shù).設(shè)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在某個(gè)區(qū)間內(nèi)可導(dǎo),如果SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0為增函數(shù);如果SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0為減函數(shù).3.奇偶性①具有奇偶性的函數(shù)定義域關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱(大前提)②奇偶性的定義:奇函數(shù):SKIPIF1<0,圖象關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱偶函數(shù):SKIPIF1<0,圖象關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0軸對(duì)稱4.周期性(差為常數(shù)有周期)SKIPIF1<05.對(duì)稱性(和為常數(shù)有對(duì)稱軸)SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<01.已知SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0=(
)A.2 B.3 C.4 D.5【答案】B【解析】由題意知SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,用SKIPIF1<0代換x,則SKIPIF1<0,即得SKIPIF1<0,故選B2.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的定義域?yàn)椋?/p>
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】C【解析】由題意SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,所以函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的定義域?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,故選C.3.若函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0為奇函數(shù),則實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0(
)A.1 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.2 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】B【解析】由題意可得,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,整理可得,SKIPIF1<0對(duì)任意SKIPIF1<0都成立,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,故選B4.在下列函數(shù)中,即是偶函數(shù)又在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增的函數(shù)的有(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】D【解析】對(duì)于A,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0是奇函數(shù),在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,故A不符合;對(duì)于B,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0是定義在SKIPIF1<0上的偶函數(shù),又函數(shù)在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減的函數(shù),故B不符合;對(duì)于C,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0是定義在SKIPIF1<0上的奇函數(shù),故C不符合;對(duì)于D,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,定義域?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0為偶函數(shù),又SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,所以函數(shù)在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增的函數(shù),故D符合.故選:D.5.已知SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】C【解析】設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,顯然它定義域關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱,且SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0為奇函數(shù),SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.故選:C.6.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在定義域SKIPIF1<0上是增函數(shù),且SKIPIF1<0,則實(shí)數(shù)a的取值范圍是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】C【解析】因?yàn)楹瘮?shù)SKIPIF1<0在定義域SKIPIF1<0上是增函數(shù),且SKIPIF1<0,則有SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,所以實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是SKIPIF1<0,故選C.7.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,則下列說法中正確的是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0的圖像關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱C.SKIPIF1<0在定義域內(nèi)是增函數(shù) D.SKIPIF1<0存在最大值【答案】B【解析】對(duì)于選項(xiàng)A:因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0,故選項(xiàng)A錯(cuò)誤;對(duì)于選項(xiàng)B:因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0的定義域?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,定義域關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱,且SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0為奇函數(shù),故選項(xiàng)B正確;對(duì)于選項(xiàng)C:因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0的定義域?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0為單調(diào)遞增,所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0為單調(diào)遞增,由于SKIPIF1<0關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱,所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0為單調(diào)遞增,所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞增,不滿足在定義域SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞增,(可取特殊值排除),故選項(xiàng)C錯(cuò)誤;對(duì)于選項(xiàng)D:SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0為單調(diào)遞增,故無最大值,故選項(xiàng)D錯(cuò)誤.故選:B.8.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0是定義在SKIPIF1<0上的增函數(shù),則滿足SKIPIF1<0的SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】D【解析】由題意知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0是定義在SKIPIF1<0上的增函數(shù),則由SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,故選D9.下列函數(shù)中,既是偶函數(shù)又在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增的是()A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】B【解析】對(duì)于A:SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,偶函數(shù),另外當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,函數(shù)單調(diào)遞減,A錯(cuò)誤;對(duì)于B:SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,偶函數(shù),另外當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,函數(shù)單調(diào)遞增,B正確;對(duì)于C:SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,奇函數(shù),C錯(cuò)誤;對(duì)于D:SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,偶函數(shù),另外當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,函數(shù)單調(diào)遞減,D錯(cuò)誤.故選:B.10.定義在SKIPIF1<0上的函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0滿足SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.1 C.3 D.9【答案】C【解析】由函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0滿足SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0的周期為3,SKIPIF1<0,故選:C.11.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】A【解析】函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的定義域?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0是偶函數(shù),當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0是增函數(shù),而SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0.故選:A12.已知SKIPIF1<0是定義在SKIPIF1<0上的偶函數(shù),對(duì)任意的SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,都有SKIPIF1<0,則(
).A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】A【解析】因?yàn)閷?duì)任意的SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,都有SKIPIF1<0,所以由函數(shù)單調(diào)性的定義可知SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,所以SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0是偶函數(shù),SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,故選:A13.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的定義域是.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】由SKIPIF1<0的解析式可得SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0;所以其定義域?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0.14.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的值域?yàn)?【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),則SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,綜上SKIPIF1<0的值域?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,15.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上是單調(diào)遞減函數(shù),則SKIPIF1<0的單調(diào)遞增區(qū)間是【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的定義域?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,故函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的定義域?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0的定義域?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0.由于SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,而SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,所以函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,故單調(diào)遞增區(qū)間是SKIPIF1<0.16.求函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的單調(diào)增區(qū)間為【答案】SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0【解析】SKIPIF1<0,畫出函數(shù)圖象(如圖所示)結(jié)合圖象得函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的單調(diào)遞增區(qū)間為SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0.17.設(shè)奇函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的定義域?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0.若當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0的圖象如圖,則不等式SKIPIF1<0的解集是.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【解析】因?yàn)楹瘮?shù)SKIPIF1<0是奇函數(shù),所以利用函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱,可得SKIPIF1<0的解集為SKIPIF1<0.18.設(shè)函數(shù)f(x)=SKIPIF1<0,則f(SKIPIF1<0)+f(SKIPIF1<0)+…+f(SKIPIF1<0)=.【答案】1012【解析】∵f(x)=,∴f(1-x)==,∴f(x
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