語法專題復習(十二)

九年級語法專題復習語法專題復習(十二)賓語從句賓語從句是中考重要考點之一，主要考查其引導詞、時態(tài)和語序。一、賓語從句的引導詞(連接詞)1．當賓語從句是陳述句時，用that引導，that可以省略。如：EventheteacheragreedthatMartinwaswastinghistime.甚至老師也認同馬丁在浪費時間。2．當賓語從句是一般疑問句時，用whether或if引導，句尾的標點符號取決于主句。如：DoyoulikewatchingTV?Heaskedme.→Heaskedmeif/whetherIlikedwatchingTV.3．連接代詞what,who,whom,whose,which引導賓語從句時，在從句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語等，不能省略。如：Sheknowswhatishappening.她知道正在發(fā)生什么。4．連接副詞when,where,how,why等引導賓語從句時，在從句中作狀語，表示時間、地點、方式或原因，不能省略。如：Doyouknowwhenshewillcomeback?你知道她什么時候回來嗎？二、賓語從句的時態(tài)和語序1．賓語從句的時態(tài)(1)主句如果是現(xiàn)在的某種時態(tài)(包括一般現(xiàn)在時、現(xiàn)在進行時、現(xiàn)在完成時),那么，賓語從句的時態(tài)可根據(jù)實際情況而定。如：Irememberthathegavemeabookyesterday.我記得他昨天給了我一本書。Hehastoldmethathe'llleaveforNewYorktomorrow.他已經(jīng)告訴我明天他要動身去紐約了。(2)主句如果是過去的某種時態(tài)(包括一般過去時、過去進行時),賓語從句也要用過去的某種時態(tài)(包括一般過去時、過去進行時、過去將來時、過去完成時)。如：In1991,Hepburndiscoveredthatshehadcancer.1991年，赫本發(fā)現(xiàn)自己得了癌癥。Hetoldmethathewouldtakepartinthehighjump.他告訴我他將參加跳高。(3)如果賓語從句表示的是客觀事實或真理，即使主句是過去時，從句也用一般現(xiàn)在時。如：Hetoldmethattheearthgoesaroundthesun.他告訴我地球圍繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)。2．賓語從句的語序賓語從句要用陳述語序，即主語在前，謂語在后。注意：當連接詞在從句中作主語時，原問句的語序不變。如：Whocanswimwell?Doyouknow?→Doyouknowwhocanswimwell?三、否定前移和賓語從句的簡化1．否定前移在主從復合句中，當主句的主語為第一人稱，謂語動詞是think,believe,suppose,expect等時，要將從句的否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中，即主句的謂語動詞用否定形式，而從句的謂語動詞用肯定形式。如：Idon'tthinkIcanliftitup.我認為我舉不動它。2．賓語從句的簡化(1)當賓語從句的主語和主句的主語相同，且主句的謂語動詞是hope,wish,decide,agree,choose等時，從句可簡化為不定式結(jié)構。如：IhopethatIcanreceiveyoure-mail.＝Ihopetoreceiveyoure-mail.我希望收到你的郵件。(2)當賓語從句由疑問詞引導且主語和主句的主語相同，同時主句的謂語動詞是know,remember,forget,learn等時，從句可簡化為“疑問詞＋不定式”結(jié)構。如：Shedoesn'tknowwhatsheshoulddonext.＝Shedoesn'tknowwhattodonext.她不知道下一步做什么。(3)當主句的謂語動詞是ask,tell,show,teach等時，且由疑問詞引導的賓語從句的主語和主句的間接賓語一致時，從句可簡化為“疑問詞＋不定式”結(jié)構。如：WillyoupleaseshowmehowIcanworkitout?＝Willyoupleaseshowmehowtoworkitout?你能展示給我怎樣把它算出來嗎？(4)賓語從句可簡化為名詞或名詞性短語。如：Idon'tbelievewhatTomsaid.＝Idon'tbelieveTom'swords.我不相信湯姆的話。經(jīng)典例題()1.Tomwasnotlisteningcarefully,sohefailedtohear________．A．whattheteachersaidB．howtheteachersaidC．whatdidtheteachersayD．howdidtheteachersay()2.—YourheadteacherhassetupaWeChatgroup.Couldyoutell________？—Itismoreconvenienttocommunicatewithourparents.A．whenitwassetupB．whydidhesetupC．whatitisusedforD．howdidhesetup()3.—I'mgoingtobuyacar.Anyadvice,Charlie?—Well,itdependson________.Ifmoneyisn'ttheproblem,youcanbuyaBMW.A．whenyouwillbuyoneB．howmuchyoucanaffordC．whatcolouryoulikeD．whereyouaredriving()4.—Canyoutellme________theprize,Tom?—Lastyear.A．whenyougotB．whendidyougetC．whenwillyougetD．whenyouwillget()5.Pleasetellme________toimprovemyEnglish.A．whatIcandoB．whatcanIdoC．howIcandoD．howcanIdo()6.Ourgeographyteachertoldusthattheearth________thesun.A．wentaroundB．goesaroundC．isgoingaroundD．wasgoingaround()7.—Hi,Tony!Doyouknow________？—Yes,thereisacoffeeshopatthecornerofthestreet.A．whenIcangetacupofcoffeeB．whencanIgetacupofcoffeeC．whereIcangetacupofcoffeeD．wherecanIgetacupofcoffee()8.—Areyougoingtoplaythepianointheclubthisafternoon?—Maybe.Butmymotherhasaheadache.I'mnotsure________shewilldrivemethere.A．whichB．whatC．whetherD．why()9.—Excuseme,doyouknow________？—Sure.Thereisabookstoredownthestreet.A．wherecanIgetsomepostcardsB．whereIcangetsomepostcardsC．whenIcangetsomepostcardsD．whencanIgetsomepostcards()10.Ican'tunderstand________theboyalone.A．whysheleftB．whydidsheleaveC．whyshehadleftD．whyhadsheleft()11.Shetoldmethesun________intheeast.A．riseB．roseC．risesD．hadrisen()12.Idon'tknow________upsoearlylastSunday.A．whydidhegetB．whyhegetsC．whydoeshegetD．whyhegot

()13.Themanagercameuptosee________．A．whatwasthematterB．whatthematterwasC．whatthematterisD．what'sthematter()14.Ididn'thear________.SoIaskedhimtorepeatit.A．whatdidhesayatthemeetingB．whathesaidatthemeetingC．wherewouldhespendhisholidayD．wherehehasspenthisholiday()15.2017·阜康—Daniel,couldyoutellme________？—Certainly,inTokyo.A．whenthe2020OlympicswillbeheldB．whenwillthe2020OlympicsbeheldC．wherethe2020OlympicswillbeheldD．wherewillthe2020Olympicsbeheld()16.Couldyoupleaseteachme________thecomputer?A．howcheckB．tocheckC．tohowcheckingD．howtocheck()17.—Doyouknow________？—Foramonth.A．howlongwillshebeawayB．howlongshewillbeawayC．howoftenwillshegothereD．howoftenshewillgothere()18.—Idon'tknow________.Canyougivemesomeadvice?—HowaboutMoYan's?Heisfamousnow.A．whosenovelIshouldbuyB．whosenovelshouldIbuyC．whereIcanbuythenovelD．wherecanIbuythenovel()19.—Doyouknow________？—Perhapstomorrow,butI'mnotsure.A．howwe'llgotothemuseumB．whichplacewillwevisitnextSundayC．whenwe'lltraveltoDisneylandD．whyhewon'tcomehere()20.—Doyouremember________hecamehere?—OfcourseIdo.Hisfatherd