【高三暑假自學課】第13講 閱讀理解七選五 原卷版

2023年新高三英語【暑假自學課】（課標全國卷）第13講閱讀理解七選五原卷版1.掌握閱讀理解七選五高考考向。2.掌握閱讀理解七選五答題技巧。3.掌握閱讀理解七選五位置規(guī)律和空格前后邏輯關系。一、閱讀理解七選五思維導圖二、七選五六大方略高中英語閱讀七選五題型要求考生從整體上把握文章的邏輯結構和內容上的聯系，理解句子之間、段落之間的關系，對諸如連貫性、一致性等語段特征有較強的意識和熟練的把握，并具備運用語法知識分析理解長難句的能力?？梢哉f，此題型是對語言能力和閱讀理解能力的綜合測試。從近五年七選五全國卷來看，說明文為主，幾乎每年必考，應引起足夠重視。方略一|略讀文章抓大意以最快的速度跳躍式地瀏覽文章的大小標題、首段、每段的首句，以及表示句、段關系的連接性詞語(特別是however,but等后的內容)等重要部分，以了解文章的基本結構和內容大意。事實上，一般只需花5～10秒閱讀大小標題和第一段首尾句即可。方略二|重點閱讀上下句因為正確選項必定會與上下句之間語義銜接、邏輯通順，解題時大多只看上句，或只看下句，就可基本確定答案。事實上，如果沒有時間來得及通讀或細讀，或者基礎不夠扎實即使讀也讀不懂，建議通過以下技巧，也基本上可以得滿分。方略三|看看結構變輕松在解題過程中，除了每做一道有把握的題后就在7個選項中將其畫掉縮小范圍外，通過觀察語言結構也可將選擇范圍大大縮小，心情變得更加輕松，一般可將7個選項縮小到2～4個選項，碰對的機率大大提高。方略四|詞語復現顯神功作者或說話人在談論某個話題或主題時，與主題相關的詞語必定會以原詞、同義詞或近義詞等形式在上下文中重復出現，這種現象叫詞語復現。同一個詞的重復出現叫原詞復現；以同義詞的形式重復出現，叫同義復現；以近義詞或近義表達(意思相近，表達方式不同)的形式重復出現，叫近義復現；以詞義相同而詞性不同的形式重復出現，叫同根復現。還有上義詞與下義詞的復現(adult是teacher,parent的上義詞，而teacher,parent就是adult的下義詞)。方略五|代詞邏輯亦管用我們知道，七選五就是考查上下文之間的銜接，而代詞是語篇銜接的重要手段之一，故解題中要善于利用這一銜接手段。如：方略六|篇章需要基本功有的題利用文章或段落的“總—分”結構關系來解，也很管用，但需要以下基本功：懂得整篇文章的基本結構或段落的語篇結構通常是主題句(總)+支撐句(分)(分述主題的具體內容/說明原因/舉例證明等)。如：三、七選五六十大技巧技巧一|從細節(jié)邏輯上判斷——因果關系在做題時最重要的是要讀懂空白前后的句子，明白這幾句話的確切意思，然后根據意思的連貫性或邏輯性從選項中選取正確答案。在讀懂意思的基礎上，判斷它們之間的關系來進一步確認答案。因果關系主要指前后的句子有著原因和結果之間的關系，這種關系往往說明了前因后果或者前果后因等情況。表示因果關系的連詞有asaresult結果，thus/therefore因此，so(such)...如此……以至于等。技巧二|從細節(jié)邏輯上判斷——轉折關系轉折關系主要指英語行文中后句對前句構成逆轉邏輯關系。如果空格前后兩句話之間是邏輯上的逆轉，則空格處很有可能是個轉折邏輯的句子。表示轉折關系的連接詞有：however然而等。技巧三|從細節(jié)邏輯上判斷——例證關系前后句的某句是為了證明另一句而舉的例子。例證的形式多樣，但就其本質而言無非是思維上的形象（例子、類比等）和抽象（觀點）的辯證關系，用到的思維過程無非就是基本的歸納（從例子到觀點）和推理（從觀點到例子）。技巧四|從細節(jié)邏輯上判斷——遞進關系遞進關系主要指英語行文中后句對前句是一種順承邏輯關系。如果空格前后兩句話之間是邏輯上的層進關系，則空格處很有可能是個遞進的句子。表示遞進關系的連詞有：also也,而且,further另外(的),furthermore而且，此外等。技巧五|從細節(jié)邏輯上判斷——平列關系表示列舉關系的有：firstly第一,首先secondly第二,thirdly第三inthefirstplace第一，首先foronething首先等。技巧六|從詞匯線索上判斷——代詞指代英語表達中的代詞出現的頻率極高，代詞的作用是指代前面提及的名詞或形容詞概念，巧妙利用這樣的指代關系和根據代詞的單復數差異可以準確而快速地解題。技巧七|從詞匯線索上判斷——同義詞/近義詞英語前言后語之間往往有同義詞、近義詞、近義表達語甚至相同詞匯的重復使用，這是我們解題的一個很好的判斷線索。其實就其本質而言，上文講的代詞和下文將涉及的上下義詞和同一范疇詞都是特殊的同義/近義詞。技巧八|從詞匯線索上判斷——同疇詞上下義詞和同一范疇詞就是前者包含了后者，或可以說后者是前者的一個子集。利用前后句中這樣的特殊的同義關系常常可以很輕松地解題技巧九|從試題位置上判斷——問題在段首假如問題出現在段首，它通常是段落主題句。認真閱讀后文內容，根據段落一致性原則，查找同義詞或其他相關的詞，推斷出主題句。通常正確答案的最后一句與空白后的第一句在意思上是緊密銜接的，因此這兩句間會有某種的銜接手段，尤其當選項是幾句話時。技巧十|從試題位置上判斷——問題在段尾所選答案是引出下一段的內容。如果在選項中找不出與前文之間的關聯，此時可考慮與下一段開頭是否有一定的銜接。認真閱讀下一段開頭幾句，看是否與選項的最后一句緊密連接起來。分析與前文是轉折或是對比關系。此時要注意在選項中查找表示轉折、對比的關聯詞，同時注意選項中所講內容是否與前文在同一主題上形成對立、對比關系。如果第一段的段尾是空白，要認真閱讀，看此處是細節(jié)還是主題。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主題，如果在段尾提出主題，會用一些信號詞如轉折詞引出來，正確答案中應有這樣的特征詞。段尾通常是結論、概括性語句。注意在選項中查找表示結果、結論、總結等的信號詞，如therefore,asaresult,thus,hence,inshort,tosumup,toconclude,inaword等詞語，選項中也可發(fā)現前文的同義詞句?？键c一：規(guī)律1：段首設空——段落主題+承上啟下策略1：把握形似,確定語段標題句例1．【典題示例】（2016·全國III卷·節(jié)選）·37

Somepeoplemaythinkthatagardenisnomorethanplants,flowers,patternsandmassesofcolor.Othersareconcernedaboutusinggardeningmethodsthatrequirelesswaterandfewerfertilizers(肥料).38Stillothersmaysimplyenjoybeingoutdoorsandclosetoplants.However,thereareanumberofotherreasonsthatmightexplainwhyyouwanttogarden.Oneofthemcomesfromourearliestyears.

·Recall(回憶)yourchildhoodmemoriesA.KnowwhyyougardenB.Findagoodplaceforyourowngarden【解析】本題考查對段落小標題的選擇。首先根據下文的另一個小標題·Recall(回憶)yourchildhoodmemories(祈使句),可以將選擇范圍縮小到A項和B項之間,再根據段落中的thereareanumberofotherreasonsthatmightexplainwhyyouwanttogarden.Oneofthemcomesfromourearliestyears.可以發(fā)現該段主要是分析從事園藝的原因,故選A。

策略2：根據一致,確定段落主題句例2．【典題示例】(2021·全國乙卷·節(jié)選)36,ifyou’reoutofyourcomfortzoneorifyou’rewanderingintosomebody’shouseforthefirsttime.Sothemainthingisjusttoshowupandbeadventurous,tryingdifferentfoodsandtalkingtostrangers.

A.HowdoyouknowthehostB.ThefirststepistogoexploringC.Ifyouaskthequestion“Howdidyougethere?”D.BepreparedtohaveawkwardconversationswithstrangersE.OrturntheconversationintoatopicwheretheyhavelittletosayF.Whataboutthatpersonwhohashadtoomuchtodrinkorwon’tstoptalkingG.Heorsheisthepersonwhoisfeelingtheweightofthatawkwardnessthemost【解析】本題考查段落主題句。從本段中的“ifyou’reoutofyourcomfortzoneorifyou’rewanderingintosomebody’shouseforthefirsttime”,及“beadventurous,tryingdifferentfoodsandtalkingtostrangers”可知本段主要談論了走出了自己的舒適區(qū),或者第一次走進別人的家里,敢于冒險,嘗試不同的食物,和陌生人交談。選項“B.Thefirststepistogoexploring”符合語境。故選B。

策略3：瞻前顧后,確定段落過渡句例3．【典題示例】(2021·全國甲卷·節(jié)選)Swap,Don’tShop!Youkeephearingaboutrecycling,right?Butitdoesn’tendwithbottles,cans,andpaper.Clothingtakesahugeamountofnaturalresources(資源)tomake,andbuyingloadsofnewclothing(orthrowingoutoldclothing)isnothealthyfortheenvironment.Sowhattodowithallthoseperfectly-good-but-you’re-maybe-a-little-sick-of-themclothespiledonyourbedroomfloor?16.It’sthebestwaytogetridofyourusedclothes,scoreclothesfromyourfriends,andhaveapartyallatthesametime.

A.LesspeoplethanthatB.HoldaclothingswapC.IftwopeoplearecompetingD.JustkeepmusicplayingthroughoutE.DonatewhateverclothesareleftoverF.Haveeveryoneputtheirclothesintherightspots【解析】本題考查段落過渡句。本題前段尾句問“那么,該如何處理那些堆在臥室地板上的雖完好但可能有點厭倦的衣服呢?”,后句提到“這是扔掉舊衣服、從朋友那里得到衣服并同時開派對的最好方法”,B選項“進行衣物交換”是對前句的回答,同時引起下文,故選B。

考點二：規(guī)律2：段中設空——“七種關系”助力解題通?？疾榕c前后句子之間的邏輯關系和上下文的銜接?？疾橐c有:總分關系、解釋關系、例證關系、轉折關系、因果關系、遞進關系和并列關系。有時會出現下列銜接詞匯或短語結構:first,second,then,next,later,soon,so,but,however,additionally,what’smore,thatis,namely,inotherwords,foronething...foranother等,這些詞匯和短語結構在文章中起到提示邏輯關系的作用,是解題時需要重點關注的部分。策略1：根據總分關系確定答案例4．【典題示例】Thefriendswhointroducedmetocampingthoughtthatitmeanttobeapioneer.37Wesleptinatent,cookedoveranopenfire,andwalkedalongdistancetotaketheshowerandusethebathroom.ThisbriefvisitwithMotherNaturecostmetwodaysofffromwork,recoveringfromabadcaseofsunburnandthedoctor’sbillformyson’sfoodpoisoning.

C.Thetriptheytookmeonwasaroughone.F.Afterthetrip,myfamilybecameinterestedincamping.【解析】本題考查總分關系。根據下文的描述“我們睡在帳篷里、在篝火上做飯、走很遠的路去洗澡和上廁所”可知,這次野營比較艱難,設空處是總體評價,后面是詳細描述。故選C。

策略2：根據解釋關系確定答案例5．【典題示例】(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·節(jié)選)InFrance,qualityoflifeismuchmoreimportantthanefficiency(效率).Youcantellthisbycaféslife.Frenchcafésarealwayscrowded.40Whendothesepeoplework?TheFrenchtaketheir35-hourworkweekseriously—soseriouslythatsomelaborunionsrecentlystruckadealwithagroupofcompanieslimitingthenumberofhoursthatindependentcontractorscanbeoncall.

A.Notallthecustomersaretourists.B.ThequalityoflifeinFranceisequallyexcellent.C.Therewasanicekitchenandacomfortablebed.D.Theamazingfoodismainlyconsumedbylocalfarmers.E.That’snottheonlyreasontheFrencheatlessthanwedo.F.Ouraimwastoseeifwecouldlive,insomeway,likerealParisians.G.Thefoodissodeliciousthatyoudon’tneedmuchofittomakeyouhappy.【解析】本題考查解釋關系。設空前介紹法國咖啡廳常常很擁擠,設空處“并非所有的顧客都是游客”符合語境,空后通過設問“這些人什么時候工作呢?”,用回答該問題的方式來解釋為什么當地人有時間享受咖啡館生活。故選A。

策略3：根據例證關系確定答案例6．【典題示例】 (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·節(jié)選)Theplacewasn’tentirelyauthentic,though.UnlikeanormalParisianapartment,theplumbing(水管)worked.37Ourbuildingevenhadatinyliftwithafemalevoicethatsaid,“Ouverturedesportes,”inperfectFrench.ThatistheonlyFrenchphraseImastered,andit’sashameIdon’thavemuchuseforit.

A.Notallthecustomersaretourists.B.ThequalityoflifeinFranceisequallyexcellent.C.Therewasanicekitchenandacomfortablebed.D.Theamazingfoodismainlyconsumedbylocalfarmers.E.That’snottheonlyreasontheFrencheatlessthanwedo.F.Ouraimwastoseeifwecouldlive,insomeway,likerealParisians.G.Thefoodissodeliciousthatyoudon’tneedmuchofittomakeyouhappy.【解析】本題考查例證關系。本段句首提出觀點:“可是,這個地方并不完全像地道的巴黎”,接下來要舉例說明,再結合空前一句講的是“管道正常工作”,空后一句講的是“甚至還有小電梯”,本句內容應該涉及房子的好處“公寓里有不錯的廚房和舒適的床”,故選C。

策略4：根據轉折關系確定答案表示轉折關系的連接詞有:but但是,however/whereas然而,nevertheless仍然,然而,不過,nonetheless盡管如此,依然,然而,still還;然而,though可是,不過,然而,yet然而,inspiteof不顧,不管,atanyrate無論如何,至少,inanycase無論如何,不管怎樣,whoever無論是誰,whatever無論什么,onthecontrary正相反,incontrast與此相反,相比之下,bycontrast相反,相比之下,incomparison比較起來,比較地,bycomparison相比之下,conversely相反(地),otherwise否則;除此以外,not...but不是……而是,aswell也等。例7．【典題示例】(2021·浙江高考·節(jié)選)“Ioftensendpostcardstofamilyandfriends.”hesaystoChinaDaily,“butyoucanimaginethatafterawhile,youneverreceiveasmanyasyousend,andyourealizethatnoteveryoneisintoit.32”Seekingotherlike-mindedsouls,however,Paulostartedlookinginasomewhatunlikelyplace:online.ManywouldsaytheInternetisaplaceforpeoplewhohavegivenuponthetraditionalpostalservice,butPaulo’shunch(直覺)paidoff.

A.Andthat’stotallyfine.B.Thatmakesitextrahardtolearnandpracticeit.C.Helikestothinkofsendingpostcardsasafamily-friendlyhobby.D.Manylovetomakeaconnectionwithsomeonefromacrosstheworld.E.OnAugust5,thenumberofpostcardsexchangedbymemberstopped31million.F.Similarly,ifyouspeakonlyChinese,receivingacardinSwedishtakespartofthefunaway.G.Inshort,helovespostcards,andtheexcitementofgettingahand-writtennotefromsomeonefaraway.【解析】本題考查轉折關系。設空處前一句的句意為“過了一段時間你會發(fā)現自己收到的明信片沒有發(fā)出去的多”。設空處后一句的句意為“然而,Paulo沒有放棄自己的愛好,而是采取了網絡的方式”根據邏輯判斷,設空處應與其前一句構成轉折關系,意為“那完全不成問題”。故選A。

策略5：根據因果關系確定答案表示因果關系的連詞有asaresult/consequently結果,thus/therefore因此,so(such)...that...如此……以至于……等。例8．【典題示例】(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·節(jié)選)MyhusbandandIjustspentaweekinParis.36Sothefirstthingwedidwasrentafantasticallyexpensivesixth-floorapartmentthesizeofacupboard.Itwassotinythatwehadtoleaveoursuitcasesinthehallway.

A.Notallthecustomersaretourists.B.ThequalityoflifeinFranceisequallyexcellent.C.Therewasanicekitchenandacomfortablebed.D.Theamazingfoodismainlyconsumedbylocalfarmers.E.That’snottheonlyreasontheFrencheatlessthanwedo.F.Ouraimwastoseeifwecouldlive,insomeway,likerealParisians.G.Thefoodissodeliciousthatyoudon’tneedmuchofittomakeyouhappy.【解析】本題考查因果關系。根據空后的句子中的So可知,該句與設空處是因果關系。F項“我們的目的是想看看我們能否像真正的巴黎人一樣生活”是作者和她丈夫在巴黎租住公寓的原因。故選F。

策略6：根據遞進關系確定答案表示遞進關系的連詞有:also也,而且,further另外(地),furthermore而且,此外,likewise同樣地,照樣地;也,又,similarly相似地,類似地,moreover而且,再者,此外,inaddition另外,加之,what’smore更重要的是,too也,還,either也,neither兩者都不,notonly...butalso不但……而且等。例9．【典題示例】(2021·浙江高考·節(jié)選)Languageiscertainlyabarrierformanypeople.Forpostcrossingtoworkworldwide,acommoncommunicationlanguageisneededsothateveryonecanunderstandeachother.AscoolasitmaybetoreceiveapostcardwritteninChinese,theconceptdoesn’tworkifonedoesn’tunderstandit.34Soacommonlanguageisrequiredandinpostcrossingthat’sEnglishsinceit’swidelyspoken.

A.Andthat’stotallyfine.B.Thatmakesitextrahardtolearnandpracticeit.C.Helikestothinkofsendingpostcardsasafamily-friendlyhobby.D.Manylovetomakeaconnectionwithsomeonefromacrosstheworld.E.OnAugust5,thenumberofpostcardsexchangedbymemberstopped31million.F.Similarly,ifyouspeakonlyChinese,receivingacardinSwedishtakespartofthefunaway.G.Inshort,helovespostcards,andtheexcitementofgettingahand-writtennotefromsomeonefaraway.【解析】本題考查遞進關系。AscoolasitmaybetoreceiveapostcardwritteninChinese,theconceptdoesn’tworkifonedoesn’tunderstandit.“雖然收到一張漢語卡片很酷,但如果你不懂漢語,你就看不懂意思”,而F項Similarly,ifyouspeakonlyChinese,receivingacardinSwedishtakespartofthefunaway.“同樣,如果你只會說中文,收到一張瑞典語的卡片也會讓你失去一部分樂趣”與前句構成遞進關系。故選F。

策略7：根據并列關系確定答案例10．【典題示例】(2021·全國乙卷·節(jié)選)38Whataboutthatpersonwhohashadtoomuchtodrinkorwon’tstoptalking?Ifyoucan’ttaketheirwineaway,youshouldcertainlytrytotakeawaytheirsoapbox(講臺).Ifyou’rethehost,youcanaskthemtohelpyouinthekitchenwithsomethingandjustremovethemfromthesituation.39.

A.HowdoyouknowthehostB.ThefirststepistogoexploringC.Ifyouaskthequestion“Howdidyougethere?”D.BepreparedtohaveawkwardconversationswithstrangersE.OrturntheconversationintoatopicwheretheyhavelittletosayF.Whataboutthatpersonwhohashadtoomuchtodrinkorwon’tstoptalkingG.Heorsheisthepersonwhoisfeelingtheweightofthatawkwardnessthemost【解析】本題考查并列關系。空處與空格前的“Ifyou’rethehost,youcanaskthemtohelpyouinthekitchenwithsomethingandjustremovethemfromthesituation.”構成并列句中的選擇關系,并與首句中“won’tstoptalking”呼應,故E項(或者把談話變成一個他們無話可說的話題)符合語境。故選E。

考點三：規(guī)律3：段尾設空——“總結概括”+“過渡銜接”策略1：利用主題句或總結句確定答案例11．【典題示例】(2021·浙江高考·節(jié)選)You’vegotmail...andit’sapostcardPauloMagalhaes,a34-year-oldPortuguesecomputerengineer,lovestoopenhismailboxandfindabrightlycoloredpictureofRome’sColosseum.OrAfrica’sVictoriaFalls.OrChina’sGreatWall.31

A.Andthat’stotallyfine.B.Thatmakesitextrahardtolearnandpracticeit.C.Helikestothinkofsendingpostcardsasafamily-friendlyhobby.D.Manylovetomakeaconnectionwithsomeonefromacrosstheworld.E.OnAugust5,thenumberofpostcardsexchangedbymemberstopped31million.F.Similarly,ifyouspeakonlyChinese,receivingacardinSwedishtakespartofthefunaway.G.Inshort,helovespostcards,andtheexcitementofgettingahand-writtennotefromsomeonefaraway.【解析】本題考查段落總結句。前面提到PauloMagalhaes喜歡世界各地明信片的內容“羅馬圓形大劇場的彩色圖片,或者是非洲維多利亞瀑布,或者是中國的長城”,設空處對上文進行總結“總之,他喜歡明信片……”。故選G。

策略2：利用段落過渡句確定答案例12．【典題示例】IfanyonehadtoldmethreeyearsagothatIwouldbespendingmostofmyweekendscamping,Iwouldhavelaughedheartily.Campers,inmyeyes,werepeoplewhoenjoyedinsectbites,ill-cookedmeals,anduncomfortablesleepingbags.Theyhadnothingincommonwithme.36

Thefriendswhointroducedmetocampingthoughtthatitmeanttobeapioneer.Thetriptheytookmeonwasaroughone.Wesleptinatent,cookedoveranopenfire,andwalkedalongdistancetotaketheshowerandusethebathroom.ThisbriefvisitwithMotherNaturecostmetwodaysofffromwork,recoveringfromabadcaseofsunburnandthedoctor’sbillformyson’sfoodpoisoning.D.Iwastolearnalotaboutcampingsincethen,however.E.ImustsaythatIhavecertainlycometoenjoycamping.【解析】本題考查段落過渡句。文章首段是說“如果三年前有人告訴我以后大部分的周末時間都會露營,我會放聲大笑?！倍O空處后面講的是“介紹我去露營的朋友們認為這注定是一次具有開創(chuàng)性的露營?！眱啥蝺热萆嫌修D折關系,所以要填一個承上啟下的過渡句“然而,自從那時以來我學到了很多有關露營的知識。”故選D。

策略3：利用補充信息句確定答案例13．【典題示例】●Don’tsharepersonalinformationorstories.Professorsarenottrainednurses,financialaidexpertsoryourbestfriends.Ifyouareinneedofadeadlineextension,simplyexplainthesituationtotheprofessor.39.

B.Turntoanonlineinstructorforhelp.C.Ifmoreinformationisneeded,theywillask.【解析】本題考查補充信息句。本段主要講的是:不要把個人信息和經歷告訴教授,如果你需要延長最后期限,只需要向教授解釋處境即可。最后應該補充說明:如果需要了解更多信息,他們會詢問的。故選C。

考點四：規(guī)律4：詞匯復現法——破解語篇銜接難題策略1：原詞復現法例14．【典題示例】(2021·全國乙卷·節(jié)選)Andwhataboutthatotherdinner-partykiller:awkwardsilence?Ifyou’refacedwithanawkwardsilenceatadinnerparty,theonlythingthatalwaysgetseveryonetalkingagainistogivethehostacompliment(贊揚).40.Justquicklyturnaroundandsay,“Thiscakeisextremelydeliciousandyouhavetotellmeallaboutit.”

A.HowdoyouknowthehostB.ThefirststepistogoexploringC.Ifyouaskthequestion“Howdidyougethere?”D.BepreparedtohaveawkwardconversationswithstrangersE.OrturntheconversationintoatopicwheretheyhavelittletosayF.Whataboutthatpersonwhohashadtoomuchtodrinkorwon’tstoptalkingG.Heorsheisthepersonwhoisfeelingtheweightofthatawkwardnessthemost【解析】本題考查原詞復現。根據段落主題句可知,本段主要講面對“otherdinner-partykiller:awkwardsilence(宴會殺手:尷尬的沉默)”我們該怎么辦。由“theonlythingthatalwaysgetseveryonetalkingagainistogivethehostacompliment”和G選項“Heorsheisthepersonwhoisfeelingtheweightofthatawkwardnessthemost(他或她是最能感受到這種尷尬的人)”中的“Heorshe(指代host)”及“awkwardness(原詞復現)”可知G項符合語境。故選G。

策略2：代詞復現法it可指代單數名詞、不可數名詞或整個句子;they或them指代復數名詞;one指代單數可數名詞;that指代不可數名詞或句子;this指代單數名詞或句子;these或those指代前句的復數名詞。還有反身代詞、指示代詞、關系代詞等。例15．【典題示例】(2021·全國乙卷·節(jié)選)Peoplelovetotalkaboutthemselves.Ifyoucanstarttheconversationwithaquestionotherthan“Whatdoyoudoforaliving?”,you’llbeabletogetalotmoreinterestingconversationoutofwhomeveritisyou’retalkingto.37,itcanbringin“Ihavethisold,broken-downvehicle”or“Irodethebuswiththesecrazypeoplewhowerelaughingatsillyjokesintheback.”Itjustopensupconversation.

A.HowdoyouknowthehostB.ThefirststepistogoexploringC.Ifyouaskthequestion“Howdidyougethere?”D.BepreparedtohaveawkwardconversationswithstrangersE.OrturntheconversationintoatopicwheretheyhavelittletosayF.Whataboutthatpersonwhohashadtoomuchtodrinkorwon’tstoptalkingG.Heorsheisthepersonwhoisfeelingtheweightofthatawkwardnessthemost【解析】本題考查代詞復現。從此空后的標點符號可推知此空應該填入一個從句。再根據后面句子itcanbringin“Ihavethisold,broken-downvehicle”or“Irodethebuswiththesecrazypeoplewhowerelaughingatsillyjokesintheback.”(它可以帶來“我有一輛舊的,壞了的車”或者“我和這些瘋狂的人一起坐在公共汽車上,他們在后面笑著愚蠢的笑話”的回答)中的it代指前面提出的問題,可知C.Ifyouaskthequestion“Howdidyougethere?”(如果你問“你怎么來的?”)符合語境。故選C。

策略3：派生復現法例16．【典題示例】40Whilethesun’srayscanageandharmourskin,theyalsogiveusbeneficialVitaminD.TomakesureyougetenoughVitaminD—butstillprotectyourskin—putonsunscreenrightasyouheadoutside.Ittakessunscreenaboutfifteenminutestostartworking,andthat’splentyoftimeforyourskintoabsorbaday’sworthofVitaminD.

A.Freshaircleansourlungs.B.Sowhatareyouwaitingfor?C.Beinginnaturerefreshesus.D.Anothersidebenefitofgettingfreshairissunlight.E.Butisfreshairreallyasgoodforyouasyourmotheralwayssaid?F.Justasimportantly,wetendtoassociatefreshairwithhealthcare.G.Allacrossthecountry,recoverycentershavebegunbuildingHealingGardens.【解析】本題考查派生復現。下文中的“beneficial”與D項中的“benefit”屬于同根詞,屬于派生詞重復信息。

策略4：同義復現法例17．【典題示例】(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·節(jié)選)Parisiansaredifferentfromyouandme.Theyneverlooklazyoruntidy.Assomeonenotedinthispaperacoupleofweeksago,theyeatgreatfoodandnevergainweight.38Frenchstrawberriesdonottastelikecardboard.Instead,theyexplodeinyourmouthlikelittleflavorbombs.

A.Notallthecustomersaretourists.B.ThequalityoflifeinFranceisequallyexcellent.C.Therewasanicekitchenandacomfortablebed.D.Theamazingfoodismainlyconsumedbylocalfarmers.E.That’snottheonlyreasontheFrencheatlessthanwedo.F.Ouraimwastoseeifwecouldlive,insomeway,likerealParisians.G.Thefoodissodeliciousthatyoudon’tneedmuchofittomakeyouhappy.【解析】本題考查同義復現。G項中的delicious與設空前的great形成同義詞復現關系,而且空后又具體例證了巴黎人吃的食物很美味。故選G。

策略5：反義復現法例18．【典題示例】(2021·全國甲卷·節(jié)選)·Invite5—10peoplesoyouhaveaniceselection.17,andtheremaynotbeenoughthingstochoosefrom;morethanthat,anditbecomesuncontrollable.

A.LesspeoplethanthatB.HoldaclothingswapC.IftwopeoplearecompetingD.JustkeepmusicplayingthroughoutE.DonatewhateverclothesareleftoverF.HaveeveryoneputtheirclothesintherightspotsG.Telleveryonetobringcleanclothesingoodcondition【解析】本題考查反義復現。本題要求選擇一個半句,與下文的“morethanthat...”形成對比,要有l(wèi)essthanthat,less與more構成反義詞,句意:人比這少,可能沒有足夠的東西可供選擇;人比這多,它變得無法控制。其中,選項A中的that指代前文的5—10people,故選A。

（2023·浙江卷）Withgaspricesrisingandairportsecuritylinessnakinglongerthanever,whynotbookyournextdomesticvacationonatrain?Comparedtootheralternatives,it’scomfortableandrelaxing.Hereissomeadviceonhowtomakeatripbyrailaspleasantaspossible.Planahead.Mostlong-distancetrains,especiallythesleepingcaraccommodations,selloutveryquickly.1Butnomatterwhenyoutravel,it’sagoodideatomakeyourreservationsatleast90daysinadvance.Useatravelagent.Considerturningyourtravelplanovertoatravelagentandlettinghimdouble-checkallthedetails,makesuggestions,andthenhandletheactualreservations.Agoodonecansometimesfindyoudiscountedtickets.2Thenyouwon’thavetowalkthroughseveralcarsonamovingtrainthreetimesadayforyourmeals.Bringablanket.Whenyou’reridingontrains,youwon’tbeprovidedwithablanketforfree,evenifyourtripisanovernightone.3Inthesummerinparticular,theairconditioningcanmakethemquitecold.Arriveearly.Mosttrainsoperatejustonceadayandsomerunonlythreetimesaweek,somissingyourscanbeadisaster.4Note:Thetimeslistedontheschedulesaredeparturetimes,notarrivaltimes.Havefun.5Readabook,knit,doacrosswordpuzzle,orsimplywatchtheworldunfoldoutsidethewindow.Tocalculateyourspeedasyoudo,divide3,600(thenumberofsecondsinanhour)bythenumberofsecondsittakesyoutotravelonemile(thedistancebetweentwomileposts).Ifittakesthetrain53secondstotravelonemile,you’regoing67.92mph.A．Traintripsaren’tforimpatienttypes.B．You’llhaveviewsfrombothsidesofthetrain.C．Thetemperatureonrailcarsisoftenhardtocontrol.D．That’sparticularlytrueduringbusysummermonths.E．Youmighthavetowaitlongerthan24hourstocatchthenextone.F．Chancesarethecostwillbealotlessthanthecostofonebedroom.G．Hemayalsobookyouinasleepingcarthat’srightnexttothediner.（2022·浙江卷）IhaveadrawerfullofletterstoSanta.EachyearmychildrenwouldwriteuptheirChristmaswishlists.Theywerepoliterequestsforthelatestgameortoy.Asthechildrengotolder,theywouldgiveSantasomehints(提示)onwheretobuytheirpresents.6Thoseletterstaughtmychildrenavaluablelessonaboutwriting:Ithasapurpose.Sometimesourpurposeistoachievesomething;othertimesitmaybetoentertain,inform,orpersuade.7Andwhenwritingdoesn’tseemtohaveanypurposeorgetanykindofmeaningfulresponse,thenitcanbehardtogetexcitedaboutdoingit.Christmasisagreattimeofyearforchildrentocommunicatewithothersthroughwriting.Whenchildrenwriteforrealaudiencesandrealpurposes,theycanlearntochoosetheirwordsaccordingly.8Youwrite“DearSanta”becauseyoudon’tknowhimpersonallyandyouwanttoshowhimrespect.9Texting,onlinemessaging,livechatswhileplayingvideogamesallmeanthattheyareconstantlyproducingwrittenmessages.However,becausetheyareusuallywritingtofamilyandfriends,theyuseinformallanguagemostofthetime.Thereisnothingwrongwiththiskindofwriting.Itsuitstheaudienceandthepurposeandgetsthejobdone.10Thistypeofwritingwon’tberewardedbytheschoolexaminer,norbyafutureemployerorapotentialclient.Theverybestcommunicatorsarethosewhoknowhowtoadjusttheirlanguagetomatchtheiraudience.A．Itisn’tthattheseyoungpeoplecan’twrite.B．Butitisalwayspurposeful-oratleastitshouldbe.C．Theageofpen-and-paperletterwritingmayhavepassed.D．Asaresult,eachyeartheyreceivedsomethingtheywanted.E．Youwrite“HiNannaandPop”becauseyouareclosetothem.F．Astechnologydevelops,youngpeoplearewritingmorethantheyeverhave.G．Butifthisistheonlykindofwritingyoungpeopledo,itwillcauseproblems.（2022·北京卷）Healthandfitnesshelpapersonliveagoodandhealthylife.Oftenduetovariouspressures,wetendtoignoreourhealth.11Itisthefitnesslevelofourbodythathelpsusfightthesediseases.12Weneedtobefittohaveahealthybody.Similarly,ifwearehealthyweshallnaturallybeattractedtowardsmaintainingthefitnessofourbody.Healthisthestateofourbodyatagiventime.Wemaynothaveanydiseasebutstillhaveaweakbody,whichisreadytobetargetedbyviruses.13Thisdoesnotdefinitelymeanthatwearenothealthy.Itmeansthefitnesslevelisnotinaccordancewithourageandtheclimaticconditionswelivein.Itisimportantforeveryonetodevotesometimetohealthandfitness.14Forinstance,wemustexercisedailyregardlessofourageandworkingstyle.Therearedifferentlevelsofexercisesfordifferentagegroupsandwemustdothemaccordingtoourownhealthandage.Additionally,itisimportanttorelaxourbody.Weshouldhaveatleastsixtoeighthoursofsleepeveryday.Ithelpsinimprovingourimmune(免疫)systemandprotectsusagainstdiseases.15This,inturn,givesusnewgoalsofhealthandfitness.A．Fitnesslevelsdecidethequalityoflife.B．Healthandfitnessareinterrelatedtoeachother.C．Italsohelpsinkeepinguscalmandrelaxesourmind.D．Forinstance,wemayhaveatendencytocatchacoldeasily.E．Ifwekeepourbodyfit,wecanenjoylifeinabettermanner.F．Therearesomeactivitieswhicheveryoneshoulddoinourlife.G．Thismakesourbodysufferandwewillcatchotherdiseases.（2022·全國卷）Writinganessayisadifficultprocessformostpeople.However,theprocesscanbemadeeasierifyoulearntopracticethreesimpletechniques.16Whenyouarefirsttryingtothinkofideasforanessay,putyourpentoyourpaperandwritenonstopfortenorfifteenminuteswithoutlettingyourpenleavethepaper.Staylooseandfree.17Don’tworryaboutgrammarorspelling.Eventhoughthistechniquewon’tworkforeveryone,ithelpsmanypeoplegetagoodstoreofideastodrawon.Thenexttechniqueistowriteyourdraftrapidlywithoutworryingaboutbeingperfect.18Yet,bylearningtolivewithimperfection,youwillsaveyourselfheadachesandawastepaperbasketfullofcrumpled(弄皺)paper.Thinkofyourfirstdraftasapathcutoutofthejungle—aspartofanexploration,notasacompletehighway.Thethirdtechniqueistotryprintingoutatriple—spaced(三倍行距)copytoallowspaceforrevision.19Asaresult,thesewritersnevergetinthehabitofcrossingoutchunks(大塊)oftheirdraftandwritingrevisionsintheblankspace.Afteryouhaverevisedyourdraftuntilitistoomessytoworkfromanymore,youcanenteryourchangesintoyourwordprocessor.20Theresultingblankspaceinvitesyoutorevise.A．Makesureyourhandwritingisneat.B．Letyourpenfollowthewavesofthought.C．Theseconddraftoftheessayshouldbebetter.D．Firstofall,learn