《植物病蟲(chóng)害綠色防控技術(shù)》課件-三、馬鈴薯甲蟲(chóng)的識(shí)別（雙語(yǔ)）

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馬鈴薯甲蟲(chóng)綠色防控

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GreenPreventionandControlofPotatoBeetles比人更愛(ài)吃土豆的

——馬鈴薯甲蟲(chóng)二

馬鈴薯甲蟲(chóng)綠色防控II

GreenpreventionandcontrolofpotatobeetlesPotatobeetles-likepotatoesbetterthanhuman馬鈴薯甲蟲(chóng)，別名科羅拉多馬鈴薯甲蟲(chóng)，或馬鈴薯葉甲，隸屬鞘翅目，葉甲科，是國(guó)際公認(rèn)的毀滅性檢疫害蟲(chóng)，也是我國(guó)對(duì)外重大檢疫對(duì)象和重要外來(lái)入侵物種之一。原發(fā)生于北美落基山脈，后向世界各地?cái)U(kuò)散，1993年國(guó)內(nèi)新疆首次發(fā)現(xiàn)。馬鈴薯甲蟲(chóng)的成蟲(chóng)、幼蟲(chóng)均可為害馬鈴薯葉片和嫩尖，尤其是在馬鈴薯始花期至薯塊形成期，影響產(chǎn)量，嚴(yán)重的造成絕收。馬鈴薯甲蟲(chóng)除為害馬鈴薯外，還為害番茄、茄子、辣椒、煙草等茄科植物。而且能傳播馬鈴薯的一些病害，如褐斑病、環(huán)腐病等。Potatobeetle(Leptinotarsadecemlineata),alsoknownasColoradopotatobeetleorpotatoleafbeetle,belongstoColeopteraandLeafbeetlefamily.Itisaninternationallyrecognizeddestructivequarantinepest,andalsooneofthemajorforeignquarantineobjectsandimportantinvasivealienspeciesinChina.ItoriginallyoccurredintheRockyMountainsofNorthAmericaandlaterspreadtootherpartsoftheworld.ItwasfirstdiscoveredinXinjiang,Chinain1993.Theadultsandlarvaeofpotatobeetlescanharmpotatoleavesandtendertips,especiallyfromtheinitialfloweringstagetotheformationstageofpotatoes,whichaffectstheyieldandcausesnoharvestinseriouscases.Inadditiontopotatoes,potatobeetlesalsoharmsolanaceousplantssuchastomatoes,eggplants,peppers,andtobacco.What'smore,potatobeetlescanspreadsomediseasesofpotatoes,suchasbrownspotandringrot.二

馬鈴薯甲蟲(chóng)綠色防控II

Greenpreventionandcontrolofpotatobeetles一、形態(tài)特征1成蟲(chóng)體長(zhǎng)9~11.5mm，寬6~7mm，短卵圓形，體背顯著隆起，體橙黃色，每一鞘翅上具黑色縱帶5條，頭下口式。復(fù)眼腎形黑色?？谄骶捉朗?。前胸背板表面布稀疏的小斑點(diǎn)，中間兩個(gè)斑點(diǎn)較大，頭部具有3個(gè)斑點(diǎn)。I.Morphologicalcharacteristics1.ImagoIthasabodylengthof9~11.5mmandawidthof6~7mm,andisshortlyovoid.Thebackofthebodyisprominentlyraised,andthebodyisorange-yellow.Eachelytrahasfiveblacklongitudinalbands,withamouthbelowthehead.Thecompoundeyesarekidney-shapedandblack.Themouthpartsarechewing.Thesurfaceofthepronotumiscoveredwithsparsesmallspots,themiddletwospotsarelarger,andtheheadhas3spots.二

馬鈴薯甲蟲(chóng)綠色防控II

Greenpreventionandcontrolofpotatobeetles2卵橢圓形，頂部鈍尖，初產(chǎn)時(shí)鮮黃，后變?yōu)槌赛S色或淺紅色。卵粒長(zhǎng)約1.5mm，寬約0.8mm，主要產(chǎn)于葉片背面，與葉面多呈垂直狀態(tài)多聚產(chǎn)呈卵塊，15~60粒。2.EggItisoval,withablunttipatthetop,brightyellowatfirstbirth,andthenorangeyelloworlightred.Theeggsareabout1.5mmlongand0.8mmwide,mainlylaidonthebackoftheleaf,mostlyinaverticalstatewiththeleafsurface,andpolymerizedintoeggmasses,15–60eggsamass.二

馬鈴薯甲蟲(chóng)綠色防控II

Greenpreventionandcontrolofpotatobeetles3幼蟲(chóng)共有4個(gè)齡期。1齡、2齡幼蟲(chóng)頭、前胸背板骨片及胸、腹部的氣門(mén)片暗褐色和黑色；3齡以后逐漸變鮮黃色、粉色或橙黃色。3齡、4齡幼蟲(chóng)色淡，腹部膨脹隆起呈駝背狀，腹部?jī)蓚?cè)各有2排黑色斑點(diǎn)。3.LarvaThereare4instarsintotal.Theheadandpronotumbonefragmentsofthe1stand2ndinstarlarvae,aswellasthevalveflapsinthechestandabdomen,aredarkbrownandblack;afterthe3rdinstar,theygraduallyturnbrightyellow,pink,ororange.The3rdand4thinstarlarvaearelight-colored,withswollenandraisedabdomenintheshapeofhunchedposture,andtworowsofblackspotsonbothsidesoftheabdomen.二

馬鈴薯甲蟲(chóng)綠色防控II

Greenpreventionandcontrolofpotatobeetles

4蛹離蛹，橢圓形呈尾部略尖，體長(zhǎng)約10mm，寬約7mm，橘黃色或淡紅色。老熟幼蟲(chóng)在被害株附近入表土中化蛹，粘性土壤化蛹主要集中在1~5cm；沙性化蛹土壤主要集中在1~10cm。4.PupaItisovalandslightlypointedatthetail,about10mmlongand7mmwide,andorangeorlightred.Thematurelarvaepupateinthesurfacesoilnearthedamagedplants,andthepupationinclayeysoilismainlyconcentratedat1~5cm;thepupationinsandysoilismainlyconcentratedat1~–10cm.二

馬鈴薯甲蟲(chóng)綠色防控II

Greenpreventionandcontrolofpotatobeetles二、發(fā)生規(guī)律以成蟲(chóng)及幼蟲(chóng)取食為害馬鈴薯、茄子等寄主作物的葉片和嫩尖。成蟲(chóng)及3~4齡幼蟲(chóng)取食量較大,常使葉片出現(xiàn)大小不等的孔洞或缺刻,發(fā)生嚴(yán)重時(shí)可將葉肉吃光,留下葉脈和葉柄。還可傳播馬鈴薯褐斑病、環(huán)腐病等多種病害。二

馬鈴薯甲蟲(chóng)綠色防控II

GreenpreventionandcontrolofpotatobeetlesII.OccurrenceregularityAdultsandlarvaefeedontheleavesandtendertipsofhostcropssuchaspotatoesandeggplants.Adultsand3~4instarlarvaehavealargefeedintake,whichoftencausesholesorincisionsofdifferentsizesintheleaves.Inseverecases,theycaneatupthemesophyll,leavingveinsandpetioles.Theycanalsospreadavarietyofdiseasessuchaspotatobrownspotandringrot.二、發(fā)生規(guī)律在我國(guó)新疆馬鈴薯甲蟲(chóng)1年可發(fā)生1~3代，以?xún)纱鸀橹?，以成蟲(chóng)在寄主作物田越冬,主要分布于11~20cm土層。成蟲(chóng)具假死習(xí)性、治愈性及遷飛性。一般將卵產(chǎn)于寄主植株下部的嫩葉背面，平均產(chǎn)卵量約1000粒。

II.OccurrenceregularityAdultsandlarvaefeedontheleavesandtendertipsofhostcropssuchaspotatoesandeggplants.Adultsand3~4instarlarvaehavealargefeedintake,whichoftencausesholesorincisionsofdifferentsizesinthelea