《植物病蟲害綠色防控技術(shù)》課件-二、水稻紋枯病綠色防控雙語

二水稻紋枯病綠色防控

GreenPreventionandControlofRiceSheathBlight

二

水稻紋枯病綠色防控GreenPreventionandControlofRiceSheathBlight

水稻紋枯病

Ricesheathblight,

又稱云紋病、花足稈、爛腳病，我國各稻區(qū)均有發(fā)生，尤以長江流域和南方稻區(qū)發(fā)生面積廣且嚴(yán)重。主要引起鞘枯和葉枯，使水稻結(jié)實率下降，粒重減輕，一般減產(chǎn)10%~30%，嚴(yán)重時可達50%以上。

alsoknownasscaldorrottedfootdisease,occursinallriceregionsinChina,especiallyintheYangtzeRiverBasinandsouthernriceregions.Itmainlycausessheathblightandleafblight,whichreducesthesettingrateandgrainweightofrice,generallyby10%~30%,andevenmorethan50%inseverecases.（一）癥狀識別

SymptomIdentification

從秧苗期至穗期均可發(fā)生，以抽穗期前后發(fā)病最盛。主要為害葉鞘，也可為害葉片。葉鞘發(fā)病先在近水面處出現(xiàn)水漬狀暗綠色小點，擴大后形成橢圓形或云紋形病斑。常幾個病斑相互愈合成為云紋狀大斑。

Thediseasecanoccurfromtheseedlingstagetotheheadingstage,andthediseaseismostcommonbeforeandaftertheheadingstage.Itmainlydamagesleafsheathsandleaves.Whentheleafsheathisattacked,water-staineddarkgreendotsappearnearthewaterareafirst,andthenexpandtoformovalormoirespots.Severalspotsoftencloseuptolargemoire-likespots.二

水稻紋枯病綠色防控GreenPreventionandControlofRiceSheathBlight（一）癥狀識別

SymptomIdentification

濕度大時，病部會出現(xiàn)白色的蛛絲狀菌絲體，然后形成白色絨球狀菌絲團，即為前期菌核；隨著病程的發(fā)展，最后變成褐色的形似鼠糞狀菌核。

Whenthehumidityishigh,whitearachnoidfilamentousmyceliumwillappearintheaffectedpart,andthenwhitepompon-likehyphaemasswillbeformed,whichistheearlysclerotium;withthedevelopmentofthedisease,itwillfinallybecomebrownmousefecal-likesclerotium.二

水稻紋枯病綠色防控GreenPreventionandControlofRiceSheathBlight

病狀Symptoms

病癥Symptoms暗綠色病斑，邊緣不明顯Darkgreenspotswithinconspicuousedges邊緣褐色，中央灰白色，橢圓形或云紋狀病斑Brownedge,grayish-whitecenter,ovalormoire-likespots許多病斑連在一起時，成云紋狀大斑Whenmanyspotsareconnectedtogether,theybecomelargemoire-likespots濕度大時，病部長出白色菌絲體Whenthehumidityishigh,whitemyceliawillappear白色絨球狀的菌絲團（前期菌核）Whitepompon-likehyphaemass(earlysclerotium)褐色的形似鼠糞狀菌核Brownmousefecal-likesclerotium二

水稻紋枯病綠色防控GreenPreventionandControlofRiceSheathBlight水稻紋枯病診斷要點

DiagnosticPointsofRiceSheathBlight常發(fā)生在稻株的葉鞘及葉片上，病斑云紋狀，邊緣褐色，中央灰白色，后期在得病部位產(chǎn)生褐色鼠糞狀菌核。Itoftenoccursontheleafsheathsandleavesofriceplants,withmoire-likespots,brownedges,andgrayish-whitecenters.Inthelaterstage,brownmousefecal-likesclerotiaareproducedattheaffectedparts.二

水稻紋枯病綠色防控GreenPreventionandControlofRiceSheathBlight（二）病原菌

(II)PathogenicBacteria

無性態(tài)：半知菌亞門絲核菌屬的立枯絲核菌

Asexuality:RhizoctoniasolaniofDeuteromycota

有性態(tài)：擔(dān)子菌亞門亡革菌屬的瓜亡革菌Sexuality:ThanatephoruscucumerisofBasidiomycotina二

水稻紋枯病綠色防控GreenPreventionandControlofRiceSheathBlight稻紋枯病菌菌絲Hyphaeofpathogensofricesheathblight二

水稻紋枯病綠色防控GreenPreventionandControlofRiceSheathBlight診斷要點：病斑云紋狀，后期產(chǎn)生鼠糞狀菌核。Diagnosticpoints:Thespotsaremoire-like,andmousefecal-likesclerotiaareproducedinthelaterstage.二

水稻紋枯病綠色防控GreenPreventionandControlofRiceSheathBlight（三）發(fā)病規(guī)律

OccurrenceRegularity

病菌主要以菌核在土壤中越冬，也能以菌核和菌絲在病稻草、田邊雜草等其他寄主上越冬。水稻收割時大量菌核落入田間的土壤中，成為次年或下季水稻的主要初侵染源。

Thepathogensmainlyoverwinterinthesoilassclerotia,andcanalsooverwinterinotherhostssuchasdiseasedstrawandfieldweedsassclerotiaandhyphae.Whenriceisharvested,alargenumberofsclerotiafallintothesoilofthefield,becomingthemainsourceofprimaryinfectionofriceinthenextyearornextseason.

菌核的生活力極強，可在土壤等環(huán)境中存活很長時間，如土表或土表下1～3cm土層的越冬菌核存活率87.8%以上。

Sclerotiahavestrongviabilityandcansurviveforalongtimeinsoilandotherenvironments.Forexample,thesurvivalrateofoverwinteringsclerotiaonthesoilsurfaceor1~3cmsoillayerunderthesoilsurfaceismorethan87.8%.二

水稻紋枯病綠色防控GreenPreventionandControlofRiceSheathBlight

春耕灌水后，越冬菌核飄浮于水面，栽秧后浮在水面上的菌核就附著在稻叢基部的葉鞘上。條件適宜時，萌發(fā)產(chǎn)生菌絲，在稻株葉鞘上延伸并通過氣孔或直接穿破表皮侵入，潛育期少則1～3d，多則3～5d。

Afterspringplowingandirrigation,theoverwinteringsclerotiafloatonthewatersurface,andthesclerotiafloatingonthewatersurfaceafterseedlingplantingareattachedtotheleafsheathatthebaseofthericecluster.Whenconditionsaresuitable,hyphaewillbeproducedbygermination,whichwillextendontheleafsheathofriceplantsandinvadethroughstomataordirectlythroughtheepidermis.Theincubationperiodis1–3daysatleast,and3–5daysatmost.

二

水稻紋枯病綠色防控GreenPreventionandControlofRiceSheathBlight

病菌侵入稻株后，在葉鞘組織內(nèi)不斷擴展蔓延，并向外長出氣生菌絲，氣生菌絲在病部組織附近往外蔓延，并通過接觸攀緣侵入附近稻株，進行再次侵染。病部形成的菌核脫落后，可隨水飄漂附在稻株基部，萌發(fā)產(chǎn)生菌絲，也能引起再侵染。

Afterthepathogeninvadesthericeplant,itcontinuouslyspreadsintheleafsheathtissueandgrowsaerialhyphae,whichspreadsoutneartheaffectedtissueandinvadesthenearbyriceplantthroughcontactandclimbingforre-infection.Afterthesclerotiaformedontheaffectedpartsfalloff,theycanfloattothebaseofriceplantswithwater,andgerminatetoproducemycelia,whichcanalsocausere-infection.

水稻拔節(jié)期病情開始激增，抽穗期以葉鞘為害為主，抽穗后向葉片、穗頸部擴展。在南方稻區(qū)，早稻上發(fā)病產(chǎn)生的菌核可作為晚稻的初侵染源。

Thediseasebeginstoincreasesharplyduringthejointingstageofrice,andtheleafsheathisthemaindamageduringtheheadingstage,whichexpandstotheleavesandearneckafterheading.Inthesouthernriceregion,thesclerotiafromearlyricecanbeusedastheprimaryinfectionsourceoflaterice.二

水稻紋枯病綠色防控GreenPreventionandControlofRiceSheathBlight二

水稻紋枯病綠色防控GreenPreventionandControlofRiceSheathBlight紋枯病為高溫高濕病害，溫度高于22℃，相對濕度達90%以上即可發(fā)病，溫度在25～31℃，相對濕度97%以上時發(fā)病最重。Sheathblightisahigh-temperatureandhigh-humiditydisease,whichoccurswhenthetemperatureishigherthan22°Candtherelativehumidityisabove90%,andisthemostseriouswhenthetemperatureis25–31°Candtherelativehumidityisabove97%.

水稻品種及生育期對紋枯病的抗性有一定的差異，如矮稈闊葉型比高稈窄葉型感病，粳稻比秈稻感病，糯稻最感；生育短、早熟比生育期長而遲熟的品種發(fā)病重。

Theresistanceofricevarietiesandgrowthstagestosheathblightisdifferent.Forexample,thedwarfbroadleaftypeismoresusceptiblethanthetallstemnarrowleaftype,japonicariceismoresusceptiblethanindicarice,andglutinousriceisthemostsusceptible;short-growthandearly-maturityvarietiesaremoresusceptibletothediseasethanlong-growthandlate-maturityvarieties.二

水稻紋枯病綠色防控GreenPreventionandControlofRiceSheathBlight（四）防治技術(shù)

ControlTechnique

1、種植抗病品種Plantingdisease-resistantvarieties

盡管目前無高抗品種，在病情特別嚴(yán)重的地區(qū)盡可能選用一些中抗或者耐病品種及不帶病稻種。

Althoughtherearenohighresistantvarietiesatpresent,somemediumresistantorresistantvarietiesandnon-diseasedricevarietiesshallbeselectedasfaraspossibleinareaswithparticularlyseriousdiseases.2、清除菌源

Removalofbacterialsource

在稻田翻耕灌水時，大多數(shù)菌核浮在水面，被風(fēng)吹集到田角和田邊，應(yīng)撈出菌核并深埋或燒毀。不直接用病稻草和未腐熟的病草還田，鏟除田邊雜草，可有效減少菌源，減輕前期發(fā)病。

Whenthepaddyfieldisplowedandirrigated,mostsclerotiafloatonthewatersurfaceandareblowntothecornersandedgesofthefieldsbythewind.Sclerotiashallbefishedoutandburiedorburned.Donotdirectlyreturndiseasedstrawandundecomposeddiseasedgrasstothefield,andeliminateweedsattheedgeofthefield,whichcaneffectivelyreducethesourceofbacteriaandreducetheearlyonsetofdisease.二

水稻紋枯病綠色防控GreenPreventionandControlofRiceSheathBlight3、科學(xué)肥水管理，合理密植

Scientificfertilizerandwatermanagementandreasonablecloseplanting

合理排灌，以水控病，避免長期深灌或過度曬田，其中尤以分蘗末期至拔節(jié)前進行適時擱（曬）田、后期干干濕濕的排灌管理，降低株間濕度，促進稻株生長健壯，對控制紋枯病的危害效果顯著。

Reasonabledrainageandirrigationshallbecarriedouttocontrolthediseasewithwaterandavoidlong-termdeepirrigationorexcessivesunningofthefield.Especially,irrigationanddrainagemanagementshallbeconductedfromtheendoftilleringtothebeginningofjointing,suchastimelyfielddraining(drying),dryandwetinthelaterstage,whichcanreducethehumiditybetweenplants,promotetherobustgrowthofriceplants,andhaveasignificanteffectoncontrollingthedamageofsheathblight.二

水稻紋枯病綠色防控GreenPreventionandControlofRiceSheathBlight

施肥原則是前重、中控、后補，即施足基肥，早施追肥，不可偏施氮肥；氮、磷、鉀要配合施用，增施磷鉀肥，使水稻前期不披葉，中期不徒長，后期不貪青；做到農(nóng)家肥與化肥，長效肥與速效肥相結(jié)合，氮肥應(yīng)早施，切忌偏施氮肥和中、后期大量施用氮肥。

Theprincipleoffertilizationistoapplyheavyfertilizerinthefront,controlinthemiddleandsupplementintheback,thatis,applysufficientbasefertilizer,applytopdressingfertilizerearly,anddonotapplyexcessivenitrogenfertilizer;nitrogen,phosphorusandpotassiumshallbeappliedincombination,andphosphateandpotassiumfertilizersshallbeappliedtopreventricefromdroopingleafintheearlystage,excessivegrowthinthemiddlestageandlateripeninginthelaterstage;thecombinationoffarmyardmanureandchemicalfertilizer,long-actingfertilizerandquick-actingfertilizershallbeachieved.Nitrogenfertilizershallbeappliedearly,andexcessiveapplicationofnitrogenfertilizerandlargeapplicationofnitrogenfertilizerinthemiddleandlatestagesshallbeavoided.

在確?；久绲那闆r下，適當(dāng)放寬行距，改善稻田群體通透性，降低田間濕度，減輕病害危害。早熟品種可以適當(dāng)密植一點。

Undertheconditionofensuringbasicseedlings,therowspacingshallbeappropriatelyrelaxedtoimprovethepermeabilityofricefieldpopulation,reducefieldhumidityandreducediseasehazards.Early-maturingvarietiescanbeplantedalittlemoreclosely.二

水稻紋枯病綠色防控GreenPreventionandControlofRiceSheathBlight4、藥劑防治

ChemicalControl一般在水稻分蘗末期，叢發(fā)病率達15%或拔節(jié)至孕穗期叢發(fā)病率為20%的田塊，需要用藥防治。分蘗末期用藥在于抑制病菌菌絲生長，控制病害水平擴展；孕穗期至抽穗期用藥在于抑制菌核的形成和控制病害垂直擴展，保護稻株頂部功能葉。

Generally,attheendoftill