廣東省佛山市順德區(qū)普通高中2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測（一）英語試題（解析版）

第1頁/共1頁2024年順德區(qū)普通高中高三教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(一)英語試題本試卷共8頁，滿分120分，考試用時120分鐘。注意事項：1.本試卷分選擇題和非選擇題兩部分。答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號、試室號、座位號填寫在答題卡上。用2B鉛筆將答題卡上的相應(yīng)位置填涂考生號。因聽說另考，試題從第二部分的“閱讀理解”開始，試題號從“21”開始。2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆在答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑;如需要改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案。答案寫在試卷上無效。3.非選擇題必須用黑色字跡的鋼筆或簽字筆作答，答案必須寫在答題卡各題目指定區(qū)域內(nèi)相應(yīng)位置上;如需要改動，先劃掉原來的答案，然后再寫上新答案;不準(zhǔn)使用鉛筆和涂改液。不按以上要求作答無效。4.考生必須保證答題卡的整潔。考試結(jié)束后，將答題卡交回。第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AAnimalCareVolunteerPrograminArgentina-CordobaProjectdetailsWanttovolunteerwithanimalsinArgentina-Córdoba?AnimalCareVolunteerProgrambenefitsbothrescuedanimalsandchildrenfromlow-incomeareasofCórdoba.Volunteershelpatasmallfarmthatworksasananimalshelterandlearningcentre,wherelocalchildrenspendthedayconnectingwithanimalsoutdoorsandparticipatinginactivitiesthattheywouldnotbeabletoaccessthroughtheirownmeans.Whattoexpect?Fromhorsestobabygoatsrabbitstochickens,volunteersaretaskedwiththeimportantresponsibilityoftendingtotheneedsoftheseanimals,ensuringtheyreceivethecare,treatment,andattentionnecessaryfortheirwell-being.●Volunteertasksmayvarybuttypicallyinvolve:●Playingandentertaininganimals●Keepingtheirlivingspacesclean●Maintainingthegrounds,includingpaintingandrepairingasnecessary●Tendingtocropsandmanagingnaturalfertilizers●Welcomingandguidingvisitors●HelpingtoorganizefundraisingeventsWhatwillyougain?ByvolunteeringontheAnimalCareproject,you’llbeaddingvaluetothelocalcommunity,whilealsodevelopingpersonallyandprofessionallyby:●PracticingyourSpanish●Developingyourcommunicationskills●Gaininganimalcareandfarmexperience●FullyengagingyourselfinArgentineculture●ExploringthestunningregionandcityofCórdoba1.WhatisthemainpurposeoftheAnimalCarePrograminCórdoba?A.Toprovidetrainingforvolunteers.B.Torunacommercialfarmforprofit.C.Toimprovethelifeofthelocalpeople.D.Tocareforanimalsandchildrenalike.2.Whichtaskmayvolunteersdoattheanimalshelter?A.Cleaninganimallivingspaces.B.Conductingmedicalresearch.C.Organizingtouristtripstodifferentcities.D.PaintingandrepairingthecityofCórdoba.3.Whatwillyougainfromvolunteeringthere?A.Runningafarmbusiness.B.ImprovingyourSpanish.C.ExploringCórdobaforfree.D.Learningtocookforthelocals.【答案】1.D2.A3.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文，文章主要介紹了阿根廷科爾多瓦動物關(guān)懷志愿者項目。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Projectdetails部分中“AnimalCareVolunteerProgrambenefitsbothrescuedanimalsandchildrenfromlow-incomeareasofCórdoba.(動物關(guān)懷志愿者項目使獲救的動物和來自Córdoba低收入地區(qū)的兒童受益)”可知，該項目的主要目的是照顧動物和兒童，故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Whattoexpect?部分中“Keepingtheirlivingspacesclean(保持生活空間整潔)”可知，志愿者在動物收容所可能會清理動物的生活空間，故選A。【3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Whatwillyougain?部分中“PracticingyourSpanish(練習(xí)西班牙語)”可知，通過做志愿者可以提高西班牙語，故選B。BMydaughterisasmartkid,butshe’dneverreadanentirechapterbookforpleasure.Shehadneverdevelopedanyhabitofclassicdeepreading—withtwoeyesinfrontofpaper,andnothingelsegoingon.WhenIfacedthistruth,itfeltlikeaparentingfailure.Eventhoughwe’dreadmanystorybookswhenshewasyoungerandwelivedinahousestuffedwithbooks,Ihadn’tmanagedtoinstill(灌輸)oneoflife’sfundamentalpleasuresinmykid.Asalifelongreader,Iunderstandhowreadingenhancesthefabricofourexperience.Yetmydaughterclaimedtodislikereading.Itoldherreadingnovelswasthebestwaytolearnabouthowpeople’sinsideswork.Shesaidshecouldlearnmorefromthepeopleonsocialmedia,whowereallaboutspillingtheirinsides.Isaidbooksofferedstorytelling.Shesaid,“Smartphones.”Isaidbookstaughthistory.Shesaid,“TheInternet.”Icouldnotwinourdebates,becausefewofmydaughter’sargumentsagainstreadingseemedwrongtome.Yes,readingisawaytodiscovernewworlds—soistheentireInternet.Butthat’snotwhyIwantedmydaughtertopickupabook.Itwasaboutexperiencingacertainmagic.Youknowwhenanauthordescribesafeelingyoudidn’thave,andahundredlightbulbsgooffonthetopofyourhead?Iwantedhertohaveachanceatfeelingthat.Ascreen-basedmediumcan’tcreatethiskindofrelationshipbecause,byitsnature,themediummustfillinalltheblanksforyou.Booksleavespaceforblanks—andfortheinternalinventiontheycaninspire.SoIdecidedtocutthroughallthereasoningwithacold,hardpracticality:cash.Itoldmy11-year-oldIwouldpayher$100toreadanovelwithinamonth.Ofcourse,shesaidyes.Shefinishedthebookinsevendays.Thensheevenaskedforthesequel(續(xù)集)—atnoextracharge.WillthisleadtoherreadingLittleWomen?Willitresultinalifelonghabitofreading?Idon’tknow.WhatIdoknowisthatIfinallyopenedanewdoorforhertotheprintedpage.ThatfeelslikethebestmoneyIeverspent.4.Whatdoesthe“parentingfailure”inparagraph1referto?A.Failuretogetalongwellwithherdaughter.B.Failuretomeetherdaughter’semotionalneeds.C.Failuretodevelopareadinghabitinherdaughter.D.Failuretoprovideenoughstorybooksinthehouse.5.Whydoestheauthorwantherdaughtertoreadbooks?A.Tohelpherdiscovernewworlds.B.Tohelpherfillinalltheblanks.C.TohelpherspendlesstimeontheInternet.D.Toletherfeelamomentofdeepconnection.6.Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutspending$100toencourageherdaughtertoread?A.Sheregretsspendingthemoney.B.Sheisunsureifitwillleadtoaloveofreading.C.Shefeelsdisappointedwiththefinaloutcome.D.Sheisconfidentinherdaughter’sfuturechoices.7.Whatcouldbeabesttitleforthepassage?A.CreatingaReader:AMother’sJourneyB.EncouragingReading:TipsforChildrenC.TheMagicofBooksinaDigitalAgeD.TheDeclineofReadingAmongChildren【答案】4.C5.D6.B7.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。本文主要講述了作者的女兒不喜歡閱讀，作者想辦法幫助女兒養(yǎng)成閱讀習(xí)慣的經(jīng)歷。【4題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線短語上句“Shehadneverdevelopedanyhabitofclassicdeepreading—withtwoeyesinfrontofpaper,andnothingelsegoingon.(她從來沒有養(yǎng)成過任何經(jīng)典深度閱讀的習(xí)慣——兩只眼睛看著紙，什么都不做。)”可知，我的女兒沒有閱讀的習(xí)慣，由此可知，“WhenIfacedthistruth,itfeltlikea

parentingfailure.(當(dāng)我面對這個事實時，感覺是parentingfailure。)”中畫線部分的“parentingfailure”指的是“沒有在女兒身上培養(yǎng)出閱讀習(xí)慣”，作者認(rèn)為自己在這方面是失敗的。故選C項?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段關(guān)鍵句“Itwasaboutexperiencingacertainmagic.Youknowwhenanauthordescribesafeelingyoudidn’thave,andahundredlightbulbsgooffonthetopofyourhead?Iwantedhertohaveachanceatfeelingthat.(這是關(guān)于體驗?zāi)撤N魔力。你知道嗎，當(dāng)一位作家描述了一種你沒有的感覺，一百個燈泡在你頭頂上熄滅了？我希望她有機(jī)會感受到這一點。)”可知，作者希望女兒通過閱讀感受到作家描述的一種你沒有的感覺；由此可知，作者想讓女兒讀書，因為想讓她感受到一段深深的聯(lián)系，與作家想要表達(dá)的情感產(chǎn)生共鳴。故選D項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段關(guān)鍵句“Itoldmy11-year-oldIwouldpayher$100toreadanovelwithinamonth.Ofcourse,shesaidyes.Shefinishedthebookinsevendays.Thensheevenaskedforthesequel(續(xù)集)—atnoextracharge.WillthisleadtoherreadingLittleWomen?Willitresultinalifelonghabitofreading?Idon’tknow.(我告訴我11歲的女兒，我會給她100美元，讓她在一個月內(nèi)讀完一本小說。當(dāng)然，她答應(yīng)了。她在七天內(nèi)完成了這本書。然后她甚至要求要續(xù)集——不額外收費。這會讓她讀《小婦人》嗎？這會幫她養(yǎng)成終身閱讀的習(xí)慣嗎？我不知道。)”可知，作者給女兒100美元讓她在一個月內(nèi)讀完一本小說，女兒七天內(nèi)完成了這本書，甚至要求讀續(xù)集而且不額外要錢，但是作者不確定自己的做法能否幫女兒養(yǎng)成終身閱讀的習(xí)慣；由此可知，對于花100美元鼓勵女兒讀書，作者不確定這是否會讓她愛上閱讀。故選B項?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，結(jié)合第一段關(guān)鍵句“Shehadneverdevelopedanyhabitofclassicdeepreading—withtwoeyesinfrontofpaper,andnothingelsegoingon.(她從來沒有養(yǎng)成過任何經(jīng)典深度閱讀的習(xí)慣——兩只眼睛看著紙，什么都不做。)”以及最后一段中“WhatIdoknowisthatIfinallyopenedanewdoorforhertotheprintedpage.ThatfeelslikethebestmoneyIeverspent.(我所知道的是，我終于為她打開了一扇通往書本的新大門。我覺得這是我迄今為止最好的一項花銷。)”可知，本文主要講述了作者的女兒不喜歡閱讀，作者想辦法幫助女兒養(yǎng)成閱讀習(xí)慣的經(jīng)歷，“CreatingaReader:AMother’sJourney”意為“創(chuàng)造一個讀者：一位母親的旅程”，能夠概括文章主要主旨，適合作為最佳標(biāo)題。故選A項。CPeopleoftenthinkthatscientificdiscoveriescomefromthegeniuseslikeCharlesDarwinandAlbertEinstein.Suchaviewoverlookstheeffortsoflesser-knownpioneers.Also,popularbeliefholdsthatthesuddenideaisthekeytomakingscientificbreakthroughs,asifitjustappearsinsomeone’smind.Thisopinionmightbepartiallytrue.Itdoesn’taccuratelyrepresentthetruenatureofscientificbreakthroughs.Apartfrom,thegreatfiguressuchasDarwinandEinstein,whosecontributionsarerightlyrecognized—webelieveinnovationislargelyatrial-and-errorprocess,wheretwostepsforwardmaysometimescomewithonestepbackorevenmorestepstotherightorleft.TakeJohnNicholson,alesser-knownscientistfromthe1910s.Hewasamathematicalphysicistwhosuggestedtheideaof‘proto-elements’inspace.Bymixingdifferentweightsoftheseatoms,hecouldrecovertheweightsoftheelementsintheperiodictable.Thoughproto-elementsdon’tactuallyexist,Nicholson’swildideasledhimtoproposeanewtheoryaboutatomicstructure.NielsBohr,theNobelprize-winningfatherofmodernatomictheory,laterbuiltonthisideatodevelophisfamousmodeloftheatom.Whatcanwelearnfromthisstory?Scienceisalwaysevolving,similartotheevolutionofanimalspecies.Justrandomorunexpectedchangesofideasmayopenthedoorforadvancesinscience.Supportforthisideacanbeseeninmanyareas.Forexample,inUShorseracing,the‘a(chǎn)cey-deucy’stirrupplacement,wheretherider’sleftfootisplacedlowerthantherightfoot,providesaspeedadvantageonovaltracks.Itwascreatedbyalittle-knownridernamedJackieWestrope.HadWestropedonecarefulresearchtodevelopthistechnique?No.Hehadaleginjurythatpreventedhimfromfullybendinghisleftknee.Thischangejusthappenedtoimprovehisleft-handturningperformance.Asaresult,manyridersquicklyadoptedtheacey-deucystyle,whichisstillusedinracingtoday.Manyotherexamplesshowscienceprogressoftencomesfrommistakes,accidents,orpureluck.It’stimetoabandonthenaivebeliefsofgeniusandexplorethetruecausesofcreativity.8.Whatisthepurposeofparagraph1?A.Tosupportspecificideas.B.Todescribeacommonbelief.C.Tocomparecertainbeliefs.D.Tochallengeapopularview.9.WhatdoesthewriterimplyaboutDarwinandEinsteininparagraph2?A.Theysetanexampleforotherstofollow.B.Theirwayofworkinghasbeenmisunderstood.C.Theyareexceptionstotheusualrule.D.Theirachievementsdeservegreaterrecognition.10.WhatdoweknowabouttheideaofNicholson?A.Itmadehimfamousasanimportantscientist.B.Peopleonlyfullyunderstooditlaterinhistory.C.Otherscientistswereinitiallydoubtfulaboutit.D.Itpavedthewayforsomeoneelse’sbreakthrough.11.Whatismostinterestingaboutthe‘a(chǎn)cey-deucy’stirrupadjustment?A.Whyitwasmade.B.Howquicklypeopleusedit.C.Theresearchworkbehindit.D.Theclevernessofitsfirstuser.【答案】8.B9.C10.D11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇議論文。文章論述了發(fā)明創(chuàng)造不是一蹴而就的，而往往來自不斷的試錯過程?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容“PeopleoftenthinkthatscientificdiscoveriescomefromthegeniuseslikeCharlesDarwinandAlbertEinstein.Suchaviewoverlookstheeffortsoflesser-knownpioneers.Also,popularbeliefholdsthatthesuddenideaisthekeytomakingscientificbreakthroughs,asifitjustappearsinsomeone’smind.(人們通常認(rèn)為科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)來自查爾斯·達(dá)爾文和阿爾伯特·愛因斯坦等天才。這種觀點忽視了鮮為人知的先驅(qū)者的努力。此外，人們普遍認(rèn)為，突然的想法是取得科學(xué)突破的關(guān)鍵，就好像它只是出現(xiàn)在某人的腦海里一樣)”可知，文章第一段描述了一個普遍觀點，即突然的想法是取得科學(xué)突破的關(guān)鍵。由此推知，第一段的目的是描述一個普遍觀點。故選B項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容“Thisopinionmightbepartiallytrue.Itdoesn’taccuratelyrepresentthetruenatureofscientificbreakthroughs.Apartfrom,thegreatfiguressuchasDarwinandEinstein,whosecontributionsarerightlyrecognized—webelieveinnovationislargelyatrial-and-errorprocess,wheretwostepsforwardmaysometimescomewithonestepbackorevenmorestepstotherightorleft.(這種觀點可能部分正確。它并不能準(zhǔn)確地代表科學(xué)突破的真實性質(zhì)。此外，達(dá)爾文和愛因斯坦等偉大人物的貢獻(xiàn)得到了正確的認(rèn)可，我們認(rèn)為創(chuàng)新在很大程度上是一個試錯過程，前進(jìn)兩步有時可能會后退一步，甚至向左或向右邁出更多步)”可知，事實上，創(chuàng)新在很大程度上是一個試錯過程，并不是突然的靈感，例如，達(dá)爾文和愛因斯坦等偉大人物的貢獻(xiàn)。由此推知，作者在第二段中暗示了達(dá)爾文和愛因斯坦的工作方式被誤解了。故選C項?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段關(guān)鍵句“Thoughproto-elementsdon’tactuallyexist,Nicholson’swildideasledhimtoproposeanewtheoryaboutatomicstructure.NielsBohr,theNobelprize-winningfatherofmodernatomictheory,laterbuiltonthisideatodevelophisfamousmodeloftheatom.(盡管原元素實際上并不存在，但尼科爾森的瘋狂想法使他提出了一種關(guān)于原子結(jié)構(gòu)的新理論。諾貝爾獎獲得者、現(xiàn)代原子理論之父尼爾斯·玻爾后來在這一思想的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展了他著名的原子模型)”可知，尼爾斯·玻爾的原子模型是在尼科爾森的瘋狂想法的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展的。由此推知，尼科爾森的想法為別人的突破鋪平了道路。故選D項?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段關(guān)鍵句“Itwascreatedbyalittle-knownridernamedJackieWestrope.HadWestropedonecarefulresearchtodevelopthistechnique?No.Hehadaleginjurythatpreventedhimfromfullybendinghisleftknee.Thischangejusthappenedtoimprovehisleft-handturningperformance.Asaresult,manyridersquicklyadoptedtheacey-deucystyle,whichisstillusedinracingtoday.(它是由一位名叫杰基·韋斯特洛普的鮮為人知的騎手創(chuàng)造的。韋斯特洛普是否進(jìn)行了仔細(xì)的研究來開發(fā)這項技術(shù)？沒有。他的腿受傷了，無法完全彎曲左膝。這一變化恰好提高了他的左轉(zhuǎn)能力。因此，許多車手很快采用了今天仍然在比賽中使用的acey-deucy風(fēng)格)”可知，杰基·韋斯特洛普發(fā)明“aceydeucy”箍筋調(diào)整不是特意進(jìn)行了仔細(xì)的研究，而是因為自己的腿受傷了，偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)的，這很有趣。由此推知，“aceydeucy”箍筋調(diào)整最有趣的是為什么它被制作出來。故選A項。DThishasbeenthedecadeofAI,withoneadvancementafteranother.Bymid-century,wemayhaveartificialgeneralintelligence(AGI)—machinesthatcandoallthethingshumanscan.Andthat’sjustthebeginning.Machinesaren’taffectedbythesamephysicallimitationsthataffecthumanintelligence.Oncemachinesoutperformhumans,progresstowardstheselimitscouldspeedupevenmore.Whatdoesthismeanforus?Canwemakesurewelivesafelywiththesemachines?Onthepositiveside,AIisalreadyusefulinmanyareas,andsuperAIcouldbesuperuseful.However,asAIgrowsmorepowerful,itbecomescrucialtodefineitsgoalsclearly.Therearemanyfolkstoriesaboutpeoplewhoaskforthewrongthing,withdisastrousconsequences.Forinstance,KingMidaswishedeverythinghetouchedtoturntogold,buthedidn’texpecthisbreakfasttoturntogoldtoo.SoweneedtocreatepowerfulAImachinesthatare‘human-friendly’—withvaluesthatmatchourown.Onethingthatmakesthistaskdifficultisthathumansaren’talwayskindorreliable.Weoftendomanyterriblethingstomanyothercreatureswithwhomwesharetheplanet.Ifsuperintelligentmachinesdon’tactbetterthanwedo,we’llbeindeeptrouble.Forourownsafety,wewantthemachinestobemorallyaswellascognitively(認(rèn)知的)superiortohumans.Wewantthemtoaimforthemoralhighground.However,thisutopianvisionfacestwobigproblems.Thefirstis‘gettingstarted’problem—pointingthemachinesintherightdirection,whichwon’tbeeasybecausewearealwaysconflictedaboutourownvalues.Thesecondproblemisthe‘destination’problem—whatitwouldmeantoreachthisdestination.Ifweputourselvesinthehandsofthesesupermachines,wemightloseourownfreedom—whichisakeypartofbeinghuman.Sowhereexactlywouldthatleavehumanbeings?It’smoreimportanttothinkaboutthedestinationnowandbecarefulaboutwhatwewishfor.12.WhatpointdoesthewritermakeaboutAIinparagraph1?A.AGIwilldefinitelyreplacehumans.B.AI’sfuturepotentialseemslimitless.C.There’smuchtolearnaboutsuperAI.D.AIsharesmanyfeatureswithhumans.13.WhydoestheauthormentionthestoryofKingMidas?A.Tocomparedifferentkindsofgoals.B.TosuggestthatAIshouldreflecthumanvalues.C.Toshowpoorlydefinedgoalsmayleadtoproblems.D.TowarnaboutthedangerofbecominggreedywithAI.14Whatchallengedoesthewritermentioninparagraph3?A.Gettinghumanstoactmoremorally.B.Buildingabetterworldforallcreatures.C.MakingAImorehuman-friendlythanhumans.D.ChoosingwhichvaluesAIshouldsharewithus.15.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thisutopianvision”referto?A.Humanscanensurethesafetyofmachines.B.Machineswillhelpsolvethesetwobigproblems.C.Humansandmachineshavethesamemoralground.D.Machinesgetsmarterandmoremoralthanhumans.【答案】12.B13.C14.C15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了隨著人工智能的發(fā)展，也顯示了許多消極影響，例如人工智能不受人類控制，以及針對這個問題我們應(yīng)該怎樣做。【12題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段關(guān)鍵句“Machinesaren’taffectedbythesamephysicallimitationsthataffecthumanintelligence.Oncemachinesoutperformhumans,progresstowardstheselimitscouldspeedupevenmore.(機(jī)器不會受到影響人類智能的相同物理限制的影響。一旦機(jī)器超越人類，朝著這些極限的進(jìn)展可能會更快)”可知，機(jī)器不會受到物理限制的影響，一旦機(jī)器超越人類，未來的發(fā)展是無限的。由此可知，作者在第1段中認(rèn)為人工智能的未來潛力似乎是無限的。故選B項。【13題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段關(guān)鍵句“However,asAIgrowsmorepowerful,itbecomescrucialtodefineitsgoalsclearly.Therearemanyfolkstoriesaboutpeoplewhoaskforthewrongthing,withdisastrousconsequences.(然而，隨著人工智能變得越來越強(qiáng)大，明確其目標(biāo)變得至關(guān)重要。有很多民間故事講的是，人們要求錯了，結(jié)果卻帶來了災(zāi)難性的后果)”可知，本段內(nèi)容告訴我們隨著人工智能變得越來越強(qiáng)大，不能明確其目標(biāo)帶來了災(zāi)難性的后果，并舉出了邁達(dá)斯國王的故事。由此推知，作者提到邁達(dá)斯國王的故事是為了表明不明確的目標(biāo)可能會導(dǎo)致問題。故選C項?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段關(guān)鍵句“SoweneedtocreatepowerfulAImachinesthatare‘human-friendly’—withvaluesthatmatchourown.Onethingthatmakesthistaskdifficultisthathumansaren’talwayskindorreliable.(因此，我們需要創(chuàng)造“人性化”的強(qiáng)大人工智能機(jī)器，其價值觀與我們自己的相匹配。讓這項任務(wù)變得困難的一件事是，人類并不總是善良或可靠的)”可知，我們想要人工智能機(jī)器“人性化”，但這很難，因為人類并不總是善良或可靠的，由此推知，作者在第3段中提到的挑戰(zhàn)是讓人工智能比人類更人性化。故選C項?！?5題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線短語上句“Forourownsafety,wewantthemachinestobemorallyaswellascognitively(認(rèn)知的)superiortohumans.Wewantthemtoaimforthemoralhighground.(為了我們自己的安全，我們希望機(jī)器在道德和認(rèn)知上都優(yōu)于人類。我們希望他們瞄準(zhǔn)道德制高點)”可知，我們希望機(jī)器在道德和認(rèn)知上都優(yōu)于人類。由此可知，劃線短語所在句指“希望機(jī)器在道德和認(rèn)知上都優(yōu)于人類”的愿景面臨著兩大問題，“Machinesgetsmarterandmoremoralthanhumans.”意為“機(jī)器變得比人類更聰明、更有道德。”能夠表達(dá)劃線短語在句中表達(dá)的意思。故選D項。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。有兩項為多余選項。Charisma—orrizz(人氣)wascrowned2023wordoftheyearbythepublisheroftheOxfordEnglishDictionary.Whocouldblameusforobsessingovercharisma?Itcansmoothsocialinteractions,winusfriends,andscorepromotions.____16____Approachableandrelatable.ManyexecutivesandprofessionalsIfindconfidentandchattyadmitcharismawasn’tsomethingthatcamenaturally.____17____Dave,achiefexecutiveofCargill,madeapointtorememberthedetailsanddatesofpeople’slives,suchascolleagues’birthdays.He’dpenwordsofthanksorcongratulations.____18____Treatingpeopledifferentlywillbackfire,saysCarlaHarris,aMorganStanleyexecutive.Shechatsupthewomancleaningtheoffice,thereceptionistatherdoctor’s,theguywaitingalongsideherfortheelevator.“Don’tbeconfused,”shetellsyoungpeople.Executiveassistantsareoftenthemostpowerfulpeopleinthebuilding,andyouneverknowhowsomeonecanhelporhurtyou.Acceptingyourmistakes.It’snotthatcharmingpeopledon’toccasionallymispronounceawordorspilltheircoffee.____19____Theyacknowledgethemistakeinsteadoftryingtohideit,makeasmalljoke,andmoveon.Beingperfectlypolishedallthetimeisnotonlyexhausting,it’simpossible.Appearingflawlesscancomeoffasfake.Atitsheart,charismaisn’taboutsomegrandperformance.____20____It’saboutmakingourconversationpartnersfeelthey’rethecharming—orinterestingorfunny—ones.Whileskillsgetyouhired,it’scommunicationandtrustthatleaduptheladder.A.Everyoneisimportant.B.Theyhadtoworkonit.C.Theyeasilygetattention.D.It’salsopossibletodevelop.E.Theyjusthaveafastercomeback.F.It’safeelingwebringoutinothers.G.Welikepeoplewhomakefewmistakes.【答案】16.D17.B18.A19.E20.F【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文，文章介紹了培養(yǎng)魅力的方法?！?6題詳解】上文“Itcansmoothsocialinteractions,winusfriends,andscorepromotions.(它可以使社交互動順暢，為我們贏得朋友，并獲得晉升)”提到魅力的好處，下文是培養(yǎng)個人魅力的具體方法，故D項“它也是可以培養(yǎng)的”承上啟下，符合語境，故選D?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“ManyexecutivesandprofessionalsIfindconfidentandchattyadmitcharismawasn’tsomethingthatcamenaturally.(我發(fā)現(xiàn)，很多自信且健談的高管和專業(yè)人士都承認(rèn)，魅力并非與生俱來)”和下文“Dave,achiefexecutiveofCargill,madeapointtorememberthedetailsanddatesofpeople’slives,suchascolleagues’birthdays.He’dpenwordsofthanksorcongratulations.(Cargill首席執(zhí)行官Dave強(qiáng)調(diào)要記住人們生活中的細(xì)節(jié)和日期，比如同事的生日。他會寫下感謝或祝賀的話)”可知，上文提到很多高管和專業(yè)人士都承認(rèn)，魅力并非與生俱來，下文以Dave為例講述了他提升魅力的方法，B項“他們必須努力提升它”符合語境，故選B?！?8題詳解】空處是段落主題句，根據(jù)本段中“Treatingpeopledifferentlywillbackfire,saysCarlaHarris,aMorganStanleyexecutive.Shechatsupthewomancleaningtheoffice,thereceptionistatherdoctor’s,theguywaitingalongsideherfortheelevator.(MorganStanley高管CarlaHarris表示，區(qū)別對待員工會適得其反。她和打掃辦公室的女人聊天，和她醫(yī)生的接待員聊天，和在她旁邊等電梯的男人聊天)”可知，本段是說不要區(qū)別對待每個人，A項“每個人都很重要”符合語境，故選A?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文“It’snotthatcharmingpeopledon’toccasionallymispronounceawordorspilltheircoffee.(這并不是說有魅力的人偶爾不會發(fā)錯音或把咖啡灑了)”和下文“Theyacknowledgethemistakeinsteadoftryingtohideit,makeasmalljoke,andmoveon.(他們承認(rèn)錯誤，而不是試圖隱藏它，開個小玩笑，然后繼續(xù)前進(jìn))”可知，有魅力的人并不是不會犯錯，他們承認(rèn)錯誤，然后繼續(xù)前進(jìn)，E項“他們只是返回得更快”承接前文，下文對該項進(jìn)一步闡述，故選E。【20題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Atitsheart,charismaisn’taboutsomegrandperformance.(從本質(zhì)上講，魅力不是一些盛大的表演)”和下文“It’saboutmakingourconversationpartnersfeelthey’rethecharming—orinterestingorfunny—ones.(這是為了讓我們的談話對象覺得他們是有魅力的，或者是有趣的，或者是有趣的)”可知，上文說魅力不是一些盛大的表演，空處應(yīng)是接著說魅力是什么，結(jié)合下文可知，魅力和感受有關(guān)，F(xiàn)項“這是我們帶給別人的一種感覺”符合語境，故選F。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Forher68thbirthdayin2019,RosaSaitodecidedtogiveherselfanunusualgift—shedecidedtobecomeamodel.Overthepastyears,shehadbeen____21____byphotographersonthestreets,eachtellinghertoconsidermodeling.Sheinitially____22____theideabecausenooneeverhadcommentedonherappearance.Butovertime,somethingbegantochangeinsideher.“BeingspottedmademerealizeIcouldstillachievesomethingjustfor____23____atthisstageofmylife,”sherecalled.____24____,shedecidedtoembracetheopportunity.Herfirstcastingdidn’tlandherajob,butthe____25____fueledherexcitement.“Iwasusedtofacingchallengesmywholelife.Iwas____26____tokeepgoing,”Saitosaid.Atjust22,shehadlearned____27____whenshecaredforhersickmother.Later,sheraisedherthreechildrenaloneafterthelossofherhusband.Sheembracedwhateverlife____28____her.At69,Saito’sefforts____29____whenshegotherfirstmodellingjobforaBraziliancosmeticsbrand.“Astheoldestpersonthere,Iwalkedintothephotographystudiofeelingso______30______,”sherecalled.“Butsoon,Irelaxed.Igotsomuch______31______fromtheyoungermodels.Irealizemypresencewasshowingthemthatyoucangrowolderwithout______32______,”shesays.Now73,Saitohasposedformanyfashionbrands.She’s______33______tohaveanewstartafterher70s.“Istillhaveplentyofdreamsforthefuture,becausethereal______34______ofmaturityistotakealeapintotheunknown,”shesays.“It’snevertoolateto______35______yourself.Igainstrength,courageandconfidencefromeveryexperiencewhereIfacefear.”21.A.congratulated B.examined C.appointed D.approached22.A.putforward B.triedout C.noteddown D.brushedoff23.A.myfamily B.myself C.mycommunity D.myfellows24.A.Temporarily B.Accidentally C.Eventually D.Permanently25.A.rejection B.prejudice C.dilemma D.trick26.A.prepared B.allowed C.forced D.persuaded27.A.toughness B.faithfulness C.tolerance D.confidence28.A.promised B.awarded C.brought D.ignored29.A.disappeared B.continued C.paidoff D.stoodout30.A.natural B.frightened C.delighted D.nervous31.A.inspiration B.envy C.admiration D.instruction32.A.fear B.pain C.doubt D.regret33.A.hesitant B.proud C.impatient D.lucky34.A.advantage B.burden C.fear D.beauty35.A.question B.reshape C.limit D.teach【答案】21.D22.D23.B24.C25.A26.A27.A28.C29.C30.D31.C32.A33.B34.D35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了RosaSaito在68歲時決定成為一名模特，雖歷經(jīng)挑戰(zhàn)，但憑借堅韌不拔的精神最終獲得成功的故事?！?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：多年來，她在街上被攝影師接近，每個人都告訴她考慮做模特。A.congratulated祝賀；B.examined檢查；C.appointed任命；D.approached接近。根據(jù)下文“eachtellinghertoconsidermodeling.”可知，攝影師接近Saito讓她考慮做模特。故選D?！?2題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：她最初拒絕了這個想法，因為從來沒有人評論過她的外貌。A.putforward提出；B.triedout試驗；C.noteddown記下；D.brushedoff拒絕。根據(jù)下文“Butovertime,somethingbegantochangeinsideher.”和“____4____,shedecidedtoembracetheopportunity.”可知，她最初拒絕了做模特的想法。故選D。【23題詳解】考查代詞和名詞短語詞義辨析。句意：“被注意到讓我意識到，在我人生的這個階段，我仍然可以為自己取得一些成就，”她回憶道。A.myfamily我的家人；B.myself我自己；C.mycommunity我的社區(qū)；D.myfellows我的同事。根據(jù)上文“BeingspottedmademerealizeIcouldstillachievesomething”可知，她意識到她可以為自己實現(xiàn)一些事情。故選B?！?4題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：最終，她決定接受這個機(jī)會。A.Temporarily暫時地；B.Accidentally意外地；C.Eventually最終；D.Permanently永久地。根據(jù)下文“shedecidedtoembracetheopportunity”可知，接受這個機(jī)會是她最終的決定。故選C?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她的第一次試鏡并沒有讓她得到工作，但這次拒絕卻激發(fā)了她的熱情。A.rejection拒絕；B.prejudice偏見；C.dilemma困境；D.trick詭計；根據(jù)上文“didn’tlandherajob”可知，她被拒絕了。故選A?！?6題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：“我準(zhǔn)備繼續(xù)前進(jìn)，”Saito說。A.prepared準(zhǔn)備；B.allowed允許；C.forced強(qiáng)迫；D.persuaded說服。根據(jù)上文“Iwasusedtofacingchallengesmywholelife”可知，她一生都習(xí)慣了面對挑戰(zhàn)，此處說的是她已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。故選A?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：年僅22歲的她，在照顧生病的母親時已經(jīng)學(xué)會了堅韌不拔。A.toughness堅韌；B.faithfulness忠誠；C.tolerance寬容；D.confidence自信。根據(jù)下文“whenshecaredforhersickmother.Later,sheraisedherthreechildrenaloneafterthelossofherhusband.”可知，下文提到了照顧自己的母親以及失去丈夫后獨自撫養(yǎng)三個孩子，這需要堅韌的品質(zhì)，可推理出此處說的是她學(xué)會了堅韌。故選A?！?8題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：她欣然接受生活帶給她的一切。A.promised承諾；B.awarded獎勵；C.brought帶來；D.ignored忽略。根據(jù)上文“whenshecaredforhersickmother.Later,sheraisedherthreechildrenaloneafterthelossofherhusband.”可知，這些都是生活帶給她的苦難。故選C?！?9題詳解】考查動詞和動詞短語辨析。句意：69歲時，Saito的努力得到了回報，她獲得了為一家巴西化妝品品牌擔(dān)任模特的首份工作。A.disappeared消失；B.continued繼續(xù)；C.paidoff得到回報；D.stoodout突出。根據(jù)下文“whenshegotherfirstmodellingjobforaBraziliancosmeticsbrand”可知，她的努力得到了回報。故選C。【30題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：“作為那里最老的人，我走進(jìn)攝影棚時感到非常緊張，”她回憶道。A.natural自然的；B.frightened害怕的；C.delighted高興的；D.nervous緊張的。根據(jù)下文“Butsoon,Irelaxed”可知，下文使用了轉(zhuǎn)折語氣，提到了她很快就放松了，可推理出她剛開始感到非常緊張。故選D。【31題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我得到了很多年輕模特的欽佩。A.inspiration靈感；B.envy嫉妒；C.admiration欽佩；D.instruction指導(dǎo)。根據(jù)下文“Irealizemypresencewasshowingthemthatyoucangrowolderwithout”可知，她向年輕人展示了好的品質(zhì)，因此，她從年輕模特那里得到了很多欽佩。故選C?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“我意識到我的存在向他們表明，你可以無畏地變老，”她說。A.fear恐懼；B.pain疼痛；C.doubt懷疑；D.regret后悔。根據(jù)下文“Igainstrength,courageandconfidencefromeveryexperiencewhereIfacefear”可知，每一次她面對恐懼的經(jīng)歷都讓她獲得力量，勇氣和信心，由此可知，此處說的是沒有恐懼。故選A?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：她為自己70多歲后能有一個新的開始而感到自豪。A.hesitant猶豫的；B.proud自豪的；C.impatient不耐煩的；D.lucky幸運的。根據(jù)下文“haveanewstartafterher70s”可知，她為自己能有一個新的開始而感到自豪。故選B?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“我仍然對未來充滿了夢想，因為成熟的真正魅力在于勇敢地踏入未知，”她說。A.advantage優(yōu)勢；B.burden負(fù)擔(dān)；C.fear恐懼；D.beauty美麗。根據(jù)下文“takealeapintotheunknown”可知，她認(rèn)為成熟的真正美麗是勇敢地跳入未知。故選D。35題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：“重塑自己永遠(yuǎn)不會太晚。”A.question質(zhì)疑；B.reshape重塑；C.limit限制；D.teach教。根據(jù)下文“Igainstrength,courageandconfidencefromeveryexperiencewhereIfacefear”可知，下文說的是每一次她面對恐懼的經(jīng)歷都讓她獲得力量，勇氣和信心，可推理出此處說的是重塑自己永遠(yuǎn)不會太晚。故選B。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，總分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Themuch-lovedcartoonaboutBluey,aseven-year-olddog,hasbeenaworldwidephenomenonsinceitlaunchedbackin2018.Itsstoryisadeepreflectiononchange