專題17 閱讀理解（知識梳理+考點精講精練+實戰(zhàn)訓練）

專題17閱讀理解目錄TOC\o"1-2"\h\u明晰學考要求 1基礎知識梳理 1考點精講講練 2考點一：細節(jié)理解題 2考點二：推理判斷題 3考點三：詞義猜測題 4考點四：主旨大意題 5實戰(zhàn)能力訓練 111.熟練語篇類型和語篇結構2.明確命題規(guī)律和提問方式3.掌握不同題型的解題方法（一）整體理解題型多樣且關聯(lián)緊密：閱讀理解包含細節(jié)理解題、推理判斷題、詞義猜測題、主旨大意題等多種題型，它們從不同角度考查考生對語篇的理解能力，且各題型之間存在一定關聯(lián)，比如準確理解細節(jié)有助于把握文章主旨，而主旨大意又能為推理判斷等提供方向。能力綜合要求高：不僅需要考生具備詞匯、語法等基礎知識，還要求能運用各種閱讀技巧，如略讀、尋讀，準確把握語篇結構、命題規(guī)律，根據(jù)不同題型特點靈活運用相應解題方法，同時要善于進行語義轉換和邏輯推理。（二）重點關注方向信息精準定位與比對：對于細節(jié)理解題，無論是直接信息題還是間接信息題，關鍵在于能依據(jù)題干準確提取關鍵詞，快速在文中定位相關信息，并仔細比對選項與原文細節(jié)，注意同義替換、信息歸納等正確選項特征以及張冠李戴、無中生有等干擾選項特征。推理判斷依據(jù)：推理判斷題要嚴格依據(jù)閱讀材料所提供信息進行推斷，關注作者的用詞、語氣以及文章的主旨，區(qū)分不同類型的推理判斷題（如細節(jié)推理、觀點態(tài)度推理、寫作意圖推理），明確各類型的解題要點和常見命題方式。詞義猜測技巧運用：掌握多種詞義猜測技巧，如根據(jù)定義或上下文解釋、同位關系、構詞法、因果關系、指代關系、同義或近義關系、轉折或對比關系等進行合理推測，同時要結合文章語境準確判斷詞義。主旨大意提煉：針對主旨大意題的不同類型（標題歸納題、文章大意題、段落大意題），要理解標題特點，掌握確定文章標題的方法，學會通過找主題句（利用轉折詞、首段疑問句、重復觀點等小竅門）或歸納段落邏輯結構等方式來提煉文章及段落的主旨大意。（一）細節(jié)理解題題型特點：設問方式多樣：包括特殊疑問句形式（以when,where,what等疑問詞引出）、判斷是非形式（含TRUE/FALSE等）、以“Accordingto...”開頭的提問形式以及填空形式。正確選項特征：同義替換（關鍵詞、詞性、語態(tài)等變換）、信息歸納、正話反說、原文原詞。同義替換指對原文句子中的關鍵詞進行同義替換。如把loseone'sjob換成了beoutofwork。有些細節(jié)理解題把原文中的一些詞變換一下詞性，如把important變換成ofimportance；改變原文中句子的語態(tài)，如主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)的轉換。信息歸納用精煉的語言來概括原文中比較分散或復雜的信息，設置為正確答案。正話反說把原文中的意思反過來表達而成為正確選項。原文原詞利用原文原詞作為正確選項。干擾選項特征：張冠李戴、無中生有、曲解文意、顛倒是非、正誤參半。張冠李戴是原文信息，但不是題目要求的內容。無中生有符合常識，但不是文章的內容。曲解文意與原文的內容極其相似，只是在某個細節(jié)處有些變動。顛倒是非在意思上與原文大相徑庭甚至完全相反。正誤參半部分正確，部分錯誤。解題方法：直接信息題：采用“關鍵詞定位法”，先從題干中提取名詞、動詞、數(shù)詞等關鍵詞，然后運用略讀及尋讀技巧在文中定位相關信息，最后比對選項與原文細節(jié)確定答案。1.依據(jù)題干信息，擇定位關鍵詞細節(jié)理解直接信息題一般是對文章局部內容的考查,且題目相對簡單,所以,不必通篇細讀全文,可先通過題干信息來選擇定位關鍵詞。關鍵詞主要是題干中的名詞、動詞和數(shù)詞,即問題的核心信息2.依據(jù)關鍵詞,回原文定位信息進行比對確定了定位關鍵詞后,運用略讀及尋讀的技巧快速在文章中尋找與題于有關的關鍵詞,回到原文進行信息定位,然后將選項內容與原文信息比對,得出正確答案。間接信息題：命題隱蔽性強，需將題目信息與原文相關信息進行語義轉換、加工或整理，再比對選項確定答案。相比直接信息題，命題的隱蔽性更強，正確選項一般都會在原文基礎上進行改造。此類題目需要考生將題目信息與原文相關信息進行語義上的轉換，有時還需要進一步的加工或整理。概括、歸納信息題：依據(jù)題干找到文中相應信息區(qū)間，用自己的語言歸納總結文中信息，然后挑選與歸納內容最接近的選項作為答案。是指命題人用精煉的語言來概括原文中比較分散或復雜的信息，這是命題人設計細節(jié)理解題的正確選項時經常使用的手段之一?？忌紫葢罁?jù)題干指向，找到文中相應的信息區(qū)間，然后嘗試用自己的語言去歸納總結文中的信息或事實，然后再看選項，挑選出和自己所歸納總結的信息最接近的選項作為正確答案。（二）推理判斷題題型分類及特點：細節(jié)推理判斷題：要求根據(jù)語篇內容推斷具體細節(jié)，常借助短文提供信息或生活常識進行推理，注意題干中常用的如infer、indicate等動詞。該類型的命題方式常常以下列形式呈現(xiàn)：Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat________.Comparedwithothersimilarproducts,thenewdesign________.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat________.Thewriter/authorindicates/suggests/impliesthat________.觀點、態(tài)度推理判斷題：文章的觀點或結論推理判斷題：推測文中某一觀點需把握全文中心思想，因為次要觀點支撐主要論點。該類型的命題方式常常以下列形式呈現(xiàn)：·Whatistheauthor’sopinionon...?·Whatdoestheauthorthinkabout...?·Fromthepassagewecanconcludethat________.作者態(tài)度、語氣推理判斷題：通過作者措詞、感情色彩判斷，常見褒義詞、貶義詞、中性詞等表述。該類型的命題方式常常以下列形式呈現(xiàn)：·Theattitudeoftheauthortowardssomebody/somethingis________.·Theauthor’sattitudetowards...canbebestdescribedas________.·Thetoneofthispassageisbestdescribedas________.寫作意圖推理判斷題：揣測作者寫作意圖及運用寫作手法的目的，要求考生理解文章大意并能歸納總結、分析作者闡述問題的方法。該類型的命題方式常常以下列形式呈現(xiàn)：Themainpurposeofthistextis________.What’stheauthor’spurposeinwritingthisarticle?Itcanbeconcludedthatthepassageismainlywrittenfor________.Theauthorwritesthispassageto________.Theauthorinthispassageintendsto________.解題要點：嚴格按閱讀材料信息推斷，避免摻雜個人經驗等；注意選項是否為材料簡單重復而非推斷結論；關注文中虛擬語氣和情態(tài)動詞；客觀對待作者敘述事實，避免主觀推斷；甄別細節(jié)是否與原文相符。（三）詞義猜測題考查內容：對單詞、短語或句子意義的推斷，包括生詞、熟詞新義以及替代詞所替代內容的判斷，需根據(jù)短文語境推測。猜詞技巧：根據(jù)定義或上下文解釋猜測：利用逗號、破折號、括號等后的解釋判斷詞義。根據(jù)同位關系猜測：通過緊跟難詞后的同位語解釋來猜測詞義。根據(jù)構詞法猜測：依據(jù)前綴、后綴、派生等構詞知識推測詞義。根據(jù)因果關系猜測：根據(jù)原因預測結果或由結果找出原因來確定詞義。根據(jù)上下文的指代關系猜測：明確文章中代詞指代的人或物，有時需總結前文內容得出指代對象。根據(jù)同義或近義關系猜測：利用同句、同段或同篇文章中意思相同或相近的詞來猜測詞義。根據(jù)轉折或對比關系猜測：依據(jù)上下句連接詞（如but、however等）判斷邏輯關系，從而確定詞義。（四）主旨大意題題型分類及設問方式：標題歸納題：常見設問如“Thebesttitleofthepassageis...”等，要求選出能準確概括文章主旨且具概括性、針對性、醒目性的標題。該類型的命題方式常常以下列形式呈現(xiàn)：Thebesttitleofthepassageis________.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?·Themostappropriatetitleofthepassageis______.文章大意題：常見設問如“What'sthemainidea/pointofthepassage?”等，需通過找主題句（利用轉折詞、首段疑問句、重復觀點等方法）或歸納段落中心思想來確定文章整體中心思想。該類型的命題方式常常以下列形式呈現(xiàn)：What'sthemainidea/pointofthepassage?·Thepassageismainlyabout________.·Thepassageismainlyconcernedabout________.·Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthepassage?段落大意題：常見設問如“WhatdoestheauthortellusinParagraph...?”等，可通過概括段落邏輯結構（總分、分總、分總分等）或揣摩作者暗示來歸納段落大意。該類型的命題方式常常以下列形式呈現(xiàn)：WhatdoestheauthortellusinParagraph...?Themainideaofthesecondparagraphprobablyis________.Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout________.WhichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizePara.1?Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?解題要點：理解標題特點，掌握確定文章標題的正面肯定法、反面否定法、研讀備選項本身等方法；學會運用瀏覽法快速找到主題句；準確概括段落邏輯結構以歸納段落大意。例題精練，舉一反三（一）細節(jié)理解題示例ATheBiggestStadiumsintheWorldPeoplehavebeenpouringintostadiumssincethedaysofancientGreece.Inaround8A.Q.,theRomansbuilttheColosseum,whichremainstheworld'sbestknownstadiumarecontinuestoinformcontemporarydesign.Rome’sColosseumwas157feettallandhad80entrances,seating50,000people.However,thatwassmallfrycomparedwiththecity’sCircusMaximus,whichaccommodatedaround250,000people.Thesedays,safetyregulations-nottomentionthemodernsportsfan’sdesireforagoodviewandacomfortableseat-tendtokeepstadiumcapacities（容量）slightlylower.Evensoccerfanstendtohaveaseateach;gonearethedaysofthousandsstandingtowatchthematch.Forthebiggeststadiumsintheworld,wehaveuseddatasuppliedbytheWorldAtlaslistsofar,whichranksthembytheirstatedpermanentcapacity,aswellasupdatedinformationfromofficialstadiumwebsites.Allthesestadiumsarestillfunctional,stillopenandstillhostingthebiggesteventsinworldsport.?Rungrado1stofMayStadium,Pyongyang,D.P.R-Korea.Capacity.150,000.Opened.May1,1989.?MichiganStadium,AnnArbor,Michigan,U.S.Capacity:107,601.Opened.October1,1927.?BeaverStadium,StateCollege,Pennsylvania,U.S.Capacity:106,572.Opened:September17,1960.?OhioStadium,Columbus,Ohio,U.S.Capacity:104,944.Opened:October7,1922.?KyleField,CollegeStation,Texas,U.S.Capacity:102,512.Opened:September24,1927.21.HowmanypeoplecouldtheCircusMaximushold?A.104,944. B.107,601. C.About150,000. D.About250,000.22.Ofthefollowingstadiums,whichistheoldest?A.MichiganStadium.B.BeaverStadium.C.OhioStadium.D.KyleField.BOfthecommonberries,strawberriesarehighestinvitaminC,although,becauseoftheirseeds,raspberriescontainalittlemoreprotein(蛋白質),ironandzinc(notthatfruitshavemuchprotein).Blueberriesareparticularlyhighinantioxidants(抗氧化物質).TheyellowandorangestonefruitssuchaspeachesarehighinthecarotenoidsweturnintovitaminAandwhichareantioxidants.Asforcherries(櫻桃),theyaresodeliciouswhocares?However,theyarerichinvitaminC.…24．Whatdoestheauthorseemtolikeaboutcherries?A．Theycontainprotein.B．TheyarehighinvitaminA.C．Theyhaveapleasanttaste.D．Theyarerichinantioxidants.CAtpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位數(shù))ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld'slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.…30．Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?A．About6,800. B．About3,400.C．About2,400. D．About1,200.（二）推理判斷題示例DWemaythinkwe'reaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshinyandnew,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices(裝置)wellaftertheygooutofstyle.That'sbadnewsfortheenvironment—andourwallets—astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.…32．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofnewdevices?A．Theyareenvironment-friendly.B．Theyarenobetterthantheold.C．Theycostmoretouseathome.D．Theygooutofstylequickly.EWe'veallbeenthere:inalift,inlineatthebankoronanairplane,surroundedbypeoplewhoare,likeus,deeplyfocusedontheirsmartphonesor,worse,strugglingwiththeuncomfortablesilence.…32．Whatphenomenonisdescribedinthefirstparagraph?A．Addictiontosmartphones.B．Inappropriatebehavioursinpublicplaces.C．Absenceofcommunicationbetweenstrangers.D．Impatiencewithslowservice.F[1]ManyofusloveJulybecauseit'sthemonthwhennature'sberriesandstonefruitsareinabundance.ThesecolourfulandsweetjewelsfromBritishColumbia'sfieldsarelittlepowerhousesofnutritionalprotection.[2]Ofthecommonberries,strawberriesarehighestinvitaminC,although,becauseoftheirseeds,raspberriescontainalittlemoreprotein(蛋白質),ironandzinc(notthatfruitshavemuchprotein).Blueberriesareparticularlyhighinantioxidants(抗氧化物質).TheyellowandorangestonefruitssuchaspeachesarehighinthecarotenoidsweturnintovitaminAandwhichareantioxidants.Asforcherries(櫻桃),theyaresodeliciouswhocares?However,theyarerichinvitaminC.[3]Whencombinedwithberriesorslicesofotherfruits,frozenbananasmakeanexcellentbaseforthick,coolingfruitshakesandlowfat“icecream”.Forthispurpose,selectripebananasforfreezingastheyaremuchsweeter.Removetheskinandplacetheminplasticbagsorcontainersandfreeze.Ifyoulike,asqueezeoffreshlemonjuiceonthebananaswillpreventthemturningbrown.Frozenbananaswilllastseveralweeks,dependingontheirripenessandthetemperatureofthefreezer.[4]Ifyouhavea_juicer,_youcansimplyfeedinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedfruit.Outcomesa“soft-serve”creamydessert,tobeeatenrightaway.Thismakesafunactivityforachildren'sparty;theylovefeedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachineandwatchingtheicecreamcomeoutbelow.27．Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?A．Abiologytextbook. B．Ahealthmagazine.C．Aresearchpaper. D．Atravelbrochure.（三）詞義猜測題示例GSoonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.29．Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“dominant”underlinedinparagraph2?A．Complex. B．Advanced.C．Powerful. D．Modern.HIamPeterHodes,avolunteerstemcellcourier.SinceMarch2012,I'vedone89trips—ofthose,51havebeenabroad.Ihave42hourstocarrystemcells(干細胞)inmylittleboxbecauseI'vegottwoicepacksandthat'showlongtheylast.Inall,fromthetimethestemcellsareharvestedfromadonor(捐獻者)tothetimetheycanbeimplantedinthepatient,we'vegot72hoursatmost.SoIamalwaysconsciousoftime.29．Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“courier”inParagraph1?A．provider B．deliverymanC．collector D．medicaldoctorI[2]Despitethecelebrations,though,intheU．S.thejazzaudiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolder,andthemusichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations.[3]It'sJasonMoran'sjobtohelpchangethat.AstheKennedyCenter'sartisticadviserforjazz,Moranhopestowidentheaudienceforjazz,makethemusicmoreaccessible,andpreserveitshistoryandculture.…29．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph3referto?A．Jazzbecomingmoreaccessible.B．Theproductionofjazzgrowingfaster.C．Jazzbeinglesspopularwiththeyoung.D．Thejazzaudiencebecominglarger.（四）主旨大意題示例JGoodMorningBritain'sSusannaReidisusedtogrillingguestsonthesofaeverymorning,butsheiscookingupastorminherlatestrole—showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget.InSaveMoney:GoodFood,shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelpofchefMattTebbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,whilepreparingrecipesforunder￡5perfamilyaday.AndtheGoodMorningBritainpresentersaysshe'sbeenabletoputalotofwhatshe'slearntintopracticeinherownhome,preparingmealsforsons,Sam,14,Finn,13,andJack,11.“WeloveMexicanchurros,soIbuythemonmyphonefrommylocalMexicantakeawayrestaurant，”sheexplains.“Ipay￡5foraportion(一份),butMattmakesthemfor26paportion,becausetheyareflour,water,sugarandoil.Everybodycanbuytakeawayfood,butsometimeswe'renotawarehowcheaplywecanmakethisfoodourselves.”Theeight-partseries(系列節(jié)目),SaveMoney:GoodFood,followsinthefootstepsofITV'sSaveMoney:GoodHealth,whichgaveviewersadviceonhowtogetvaluefromthevastrangeofhealthproductsonthemarket.Withfoodourbiggestweeklyhouseholdexpense,SusannaandMattspendtimewithadifferentfamilyeachweek.Intonight'sEasterspecialtheycometotheaidofafamilyinneedofsomedeliciousinspirationonabudget.Theteamtransformsthefamily'slongweekendofcelebrationwithlessexpensivebutstilltastyrecipes.27．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．KeepingFitbyEatingSmartB．BalancingOurDailyDietC．MakingYourselfaPerfectChefD．CookingWellforLessKLanguageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit(聯(lián)系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位數(shù))ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld'slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150),LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark):noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.31．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．Newlanguageswillbecreated.B．People'slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.C．Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.D．Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.LTerrafugiaInc.saidMondaythatitsnewflyingcarhascompleteditsfirstflight,bringingthecompanyclosertoitsgoalofsellingtheflyingcarwithinthenextyear.Thevehicle—namedtheTransition—hastwoseats,fourwheelsandwingsthatfoldupsoitcanbedrivenlikeacar.TheTransition,whichflewat1,400feetforeightminuteslastmonth,canreacharound70milesperhourontheroadand115intheair.Itfliesusinga23-gallontankofgasandburns5gallonsperhourintheair.Ontheground,itgets35milespergallon.…28．Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A．ThebasicdataoftheTransition. B．Theadvantagesofflyingcars.C．Thepotentialmarketforflyingcars. D．ThedesignersoftheTransition.記敘文部分（A-E）A（2024高二下·湖南·學業(yè)考試）14-year-oldLeanneFanfromSanDiego,California,wasnamedthegrandprizewinnerofthe20223MYoungScientistChallenge,thenation’stopmiddleschoolsciencecompetition.LeanneFandevelopedtheFinsenHeadphones,alow-costheadphonedevicethatusesmachinelearningandbluelighttherapy(療法)todetectandtreatmid-earinfections(感染)inchildren—potentiallypreventingupto60%ofhearinglossinchildren.Theworldsees700millioncasesofmid-earinfectionseveryyear.Fanhopesthatthiscanbeaneffectiveandlow-costtreatmentoptionforthethousandswhoareaffected.FanwasinspiredtocreatetheheadphonesthreeyearsagowhilelearningaboutNielsFinsen,whowontheNobelPrizein1903afterinventinglighttherapytotreatbacterial(細菌的)infections.“Ithought,‘Thisisanamazingidea,andIcanapplyittosomethingelseinmydailylife,’”Fansaid.Fantookhomethetopprize,earningthetitleof“America’sTopYoungScientist”and$25,000.Sheisplanningtousesomeoftheprizemoneytostartthepatentprocessfortheheadphones.FanisoptimisticthattheFinsenHeadphoneswillbeabletohelppeopleinthenearfuture.“Beingpartofthe3MYoungScientistChallengewasabsolutelythebestpartofmyyear,”Fansaid.“Icouldmeetscientiststhataremyageandgoingfortheirdreamstoo,andmadesomefriends.”Shehopestoinspireothergirlswhowanttobecomeinventors.“Evenasmallideacangofar,”shesaid.“Ihadanideatousebluelighttokillbacteriaandthreeyearslater,I’mhere.”1．Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A．Thecostoftheheadphonedevice. B．Theprocessofbluelighttherapy.C．Thedescriptionoftheheadphones. D．Thecasesofmid-earinfections.2．WhatinspiredLeanneFantocreatetheheadphones?A．Herowndailylife.B．HerdesirefortheNobelPrize.C．Thefactsofbacterialinfections.D．NielsFinsen’sinventionoflighttherapy.3．WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeFan?A．Outgoing. B．Patient. C．Creative. D．Hardworking.4．WhatcanwelearnfromFan’sstory?A．Evenasmallideacangofar. B．Manyhandsmakelightwork.B（2024高二下·湖北·學業(yè)考試）Everydayforthelastthreeyears,millionaire(百萬富翁)ZhongCongronghaspickeduprubbishinhisneighborhoodandspreadtheenvironmentalawarenesstotheresidentsofChongqing.Infact,theChongqingbusinessman’santi-litteringcampaignwasinspiredbyafamilytriptoHainanduringChineseNewYearin2015.There,hemetaretiredprofessorfromTsinghuaUniversitywhohadbeenpickinguprubbishalongthebeachforfouryears.Zhongstartedcopyingthepracticearoundhishomethedayafterhereturnedfromvacation.Zhongencourageshisemployees—whoarelikelytobegiven10-yuanfinesiftheylitteratwork—tojoinhiscampaign,too.Butheknowsthattheproblemcan’tbesolvedquickly,andthatbroadermeasuresmustbecarriedouttoachievelong-termsuccess.Atfirst,Zhong’swifeandchildrenfeltembarrassedbyhisbehavior.Forawhile,theyevenrefusedtowalknexttohiminpublic.Later,however,theirattitudeschanged,astheyrealizedthattheirneighborhoodwasindeedbecomingcleaner,andZhongwasbeingpraisedbytheirneighbors.Now,Zhong’swifehasbecomeananti-litteringcampaignerherself.“Theenvironmentremainsdirtynomatterhowmanyrubbishcollectorsthereare,”Zhongsaid.“Theonlysolutionistoremindpeopleoftheresultsoflitteringandhopethatitmightchangetheirbehavior.”5．WhatmadeZhongCongrongdecidetopickuprubbish?A．AtriptoHainan. B．Abusinessmeeting. C．Aprofessor’slecture.6．WhatdoesZhongdoifhisemployeeslitteratwork?A．Shoutatthem. B．Firethematonce. C．Punishthem.7．WhatwasZhong’swife’sattitudetohisbehavioratfirst?A．Angry. B．Joyful. C．Ashamed.8．What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A．ZhongCongrongandHisBigDreamB．AMillionaireWhoPicksUpRubbishC．AMillionaireandHisEnvironmentalGroupsC（2023高一下·吉林·學業(yè)考試）Inafewminutes,schoolwastostart.Mysix-year-oldson,Dustin,wascrying.“Idon’twanttogo,”hesaid.Eversincehe’denteredfirstgrade,hehadhatedschool.“What’sgoingon?Ifhehatesschoolthismuchnow,howbadwillitbelateron?”Iwondered.Everykidsometimesdislikesschoolsomuchthatfivetotenpercentofthemdon’twanttoattend.“Ifachildseemsworriedoranxiousaboutschool,pretendsillnesstostayhome,orwon’ttalkaboutthingsoftheschoolday,youshouldbeconcerned(關心),”saysaschoolpsychologist(心理學家),MichaelMartin.Luckily,youcanusuallysolvetheproblemsometimesveryeasily.Inourcase,myhusbandandIvisitedDustin’sclassandnoticedthattheteacher,justoutofcollege,calledonlyonkidswhosatrightunderhernose,Dustin,whooftensatneartheback,wasignored(忽視).Wesimplytoldhimtomovetothefront.Hedid,andhewashappyagain.9．Howdidtheauthorfeelwhenhersondidn’twanttogotoschool?A．Shefelthappy. B．Shefeltworried.C．Shefeltnothingimportant. D．Shefelthopeful.10．Whichofthefollowingshowsthatachildlikesgoingtoschool?A．Hehatestotalkaboutschool. B．Hepretendstobeillatschooltime.C．Heenjoysgoingtoschoolevenifheissick. D．Hefeelsanxiouswhengoingtoschooleveryday.11．What’sthereasonwhyDustindislikesgoingtoschool?A．Hefeelsignoredinclass. B．Heisafraidofhisteacher.C．Heislaughedatbyhisclassmates. D．Hecan’tanswertheteacher’squestions.D（2024高二下·湖南婁底·學業(yè)考試）Agassiwasveryemotionalattheendofhisfinalgame.OnSeptember3,theAmericantennisplayersaidatearfulgoodbyetohis21-yearcareerafterathird-rounddefeatintheUSOpen.The36-year-oldtriedhisbest,butwasunabletokeepupwithGermanBenjaminBecker,morethantenyearshisjunior."ThescoreboardsaidIlosttoday,butwhatthescoreboarddoesn'tsayiswhatI'vefound,"Agassisaidtothefans."Ihavefoundinspirationandyouwilledmetosucceed."Itwasanemotionalspeechattheendofalongcareer.Agassihatedtennisasateenagerasmuchashelovesitnow.Hisfathermadehimplaywhenhewasachild.Hegotbored,andbecamearebel（叛逆者）.Thestricttrainingthathisfatherpusheduponhimgotinthewayofhiswildlifestyle.Askedwhathewouldsaytohis17-year-oldself,Agassianswered,"Iwouldsay,IunderstandyoualotmorethanIwanttobeyou."TheturningpointinAgassi'scareercamein1992whenheunexpectedlywonhisfirstGrandSlamatWimbledon.ItwasthefirsttimeAgassiunderstoodwhatrealchampionsfinallyunderstand:winningisatestofnervesandnotjustpower;it'samarathon,notasprint（短跑）.Agassiwasabouttobeginamarathon.Hecuthislonghair,gotfitterandtightenedupemotionally.Onthecourt,hewasrankedNo.1foralmosttwoyears.Hislowestpointcamein1997whenhisrankingdroppedtoNo.141.Hedidn'tquitthough."IknewthatIwouldtrytogetthemostoutofmyselfeverydayfromthatdayforward.Thatwasmypromise,"hesaid."Thatneverstopped."12．WhywasAgassiveryemotionalwhensayinggoodbyetohiscareer?A．Becausehelosttoanolderplayer.B．Becausethiscareerhasbroughthimsomuch.C．Becausehefeltsadforthebestplayer.D．Becausehefeltsorryforhislifestyle.13．Fromhisspeech,wecanseethat______.A．hewasthankfultohisfans B．herefusedtoacceptfailureC．hewishedhehadn'thatedtennis D．hedecidedtorunamarathon14．Throughw?nning,Agassilearnedthat______.A．hedidn'ttryhisbestinhiscareer B．ittookalongtimeforanyonetowinC．peopleneedtonevergiveuptowin D．winningonceortwiceisnotenough15．ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatAgassi'sfather______.A．wasanexcellenttennisplayer B．wasgoodatraisingAgassiC．spentmostofhistimetraininghisson D．playedakeyroleinhistenniscareerE（2024高二下·安徽·學業(yè)考試）Whenyouarelittle,thewholeworldfeelslikeabigplayground.IwaslivinginConyers,Georgiathesummeritallhappened.Iwasasecondgrader,butmybestfriendStephaniewasonlyinthefirstgrade.Bothofourparentswereatworkandmostofthetimetheyletusgoourownway.ItwasahotafternoonandwedecidedtohaveanadventureinStephanie’sbasement.AsIopenedthebasementdoor,beforeuslaythebiggestroom,fullofamazingthingslikeguns,dolls,andoldclothes.Irandownstairs,andspottedaredsteelcan.Itwaspaint.Ilookedbeyonditandtherelayevenmorepaintinbrightcolorslikepurple,orange,blueandgreen.“Stephanie,Ijustfoundusaprojectfortheday.Getsomepaintbrushes.Wearefixingtopaint.”ShescreamedwithexcitementasItoldherofmysecretplansandimmediatelywegottowork.Wegatheredallthebrusheswecouldfindandmovedallofourmaterialstomyyard.Thereontheroadinfrontofmyhouse,wepaintedbigstripes(條紋)ofcolorsacrossthepavement.Stripebystripe,ourcolorsturnedintoabeautifulrainbow.Itwasfantastic!Thesunwasstartingtosink.IsawacarinthedistanceandjumpedupasIrecognizedthecar.Itwasmymother.Icouldn’twaittoshowhermymasterpiece.Thecarpulledslowlyintothedrivewayandfromthelookonmymother’sface,IcouldtellthatIwasindeeptrouble.Mymothershutthecardoorandwalkedtowardsme.Hereyesglaringsheshouted,“Whatintheworldwereyouthinking?Iunderstoodwhenyoumadecastlesoutofleaves,andclimbedtheneighbors’trees,butthis!Comeinsiderightnow!”Istoodthereglaringbackatherforaminute,angrybecauseshehadinsulted(侮辱)myart.“Nowgocleanitup!”MotherandIbegancleaningtheroad.TearsrandownmycheeksasIsawmybeautifulrainbowturnintoblackcement.Thoughyearshavenowpassed,Istillwonderwheremyrainbowhasgone.Iwonderif,maybewhenIgetolder,Icanfindmyrainbowandneverhavetobrushitaway.Iguessweallneedsomesortofrainbowtobrightenourlivesfromtimetotimeandtokeepourhopesanddreamscolorful.16．Whatdidthewriterdowithhisfriendinthatafternoon?A．Theycountedthetoysinthehouse.B．Theypaintedapictureontheroad.C．Theymadeaprojectintheroom.D．Theymovedthepaintstothebasement.17．Whatdidthewriterwanttodowhenhismothercamehome?A．Toshowhisartworktoher.B．TointroduceStephanietoher.C．Toputthematerialsbackintheyard.D．Topreventherfromseeinghispainting.18．Inthemother’seyes,whatwasthewriterlike?A．Hewasabornartist. B．Heworkedveryhard.C．Hewasaproblemsolver. D．H