2024中考英語(yǔ)解題技巧完形填空

完形填空解題技巧指導(dǎo)

完型填空就是給考生一篇語(yǔ)句連貫的短文，對(duì)考查歸納理解、綜合思維等

實(shí)力都是特別好的，有利于開(kāi)發(fā)智力，把不完整的文章，通過(guò)自己的分析，

變成完整的文章，這是對(duì)學(xué)生想像思維的訓(xùn)練。所以考生首先要正確對(duì)待這

道題，解除心理障礙。

考生肯定要牢記四個(gè)步驟，反復(fù)訓(xùn)練，在短時(shí)間內(nèi)有一個(gè)比較好的成果。

第一步就是通讀全文，領(lǐng)悟大意，

其次步就是緊扣內(nèi)容，分析對(duì)比備選答案，

第三步就是瞻前顧后，全文貫穿，

第四步就是復(fù)查核對(duì)，確定取舍。

1通讀全文，領(lǐng)悟大意

比形填空題曲給的嵬一篇意思完整的短文，所選的答案處在整段或整篇文

章之中。所以在做題前，必需先閱讀全文，了解短文的大意，這是絕不行省

的一方。

每篇短文總有肯定的主題思想，段落之間必定承上啟下，前呼后應(yīng)，句及

句之間也肯定緊密相連，形成一個(gè)整體。因此通讀全文是要一揮而就，不要

中斷思路，只要能了解短文的大意就可。某些細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)不理解可以跳過(guò)。假

如不影響答題，可以束之高閣。切不行把珍貴的時(shí)間奢侈在個(gè)別字句推敲上。

假如及答題有關(guān)，可到其次步填空時(shí)再琢磨解決。另外，在閱讀時(shí)要特殊留

意一篇文章的開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾，因?yàn)樗鼈兡芄?yīng)主要的信息，幫助了解全文所描

述的事務(wù)或文章的中心議題。

完形填空事實(shí)上是一種障礙性閱讀理解題。因此，在解題之前，先要把文

章通讀一遍，弄清文章的體裁，文章體裁通常分為四種：論述文、記敘文、

說(shuō)明文和應(yīng)用文。中考選文以敘事性文章為主，如：幽默故事、科普學(xué)問(wèn)、

童話、簡(jiǎn)短新聞、名人軼事、社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題等。讀這類文章，要大體上了解

故事所涉及的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事務(wù)及前因后果，對(duì)文章有個(gè)全面的了解,

弄清其中心思想和大意。然后對(duì)留空的句子進(jìn)行分析，看他在該句所處的位

置和作用，再?gòu)乃o的選項(xiàng)中找出要填寫(xiě)什么詞。

2.緊扣內(nèi)容，分析對(duì)比備選答案

完形填空所用的短文一般不給標(biāo)題，但短文的主題句，往往在每段文章的

首句，有時(shí)也出現(xiàn)在文章的中間或結(jié)束處。主題句供應(yīng)全篇的性質(zhì)、大意等,

這是深化了解全文的“窗口”，甚至能以語(yǔ)句為立足點(diǎn)，從該句的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)

氣推想全文的主要內(nèi)容。分析時(shí)應(yīng)留意以下幾點(diǎn)：

(1)當(dāng)遇到一個(gè)須要填的詞時(shí)\首先要考慮這個(gè)詞在句子中的成分是什

么？詞性是什么？

(2)假如須要填的是名詞，就要考慮名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)和全部格形式，

(3)假如須要填的是形容詞或副詞，就應(yīng)考慮是用原級(jí)或是比較級(jí)，還是

最高級(jí)。

(4)假如須要填的是動(dòng)詞，則要考慮動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)，語(yǔ)態(tài)，人稱變更，語(yǔ)氣

以及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(不定式和動(dòng)詞-ing形式)的一般式，被動(dòng)式和完成式等。

(5)假如須要填空的是介詞，則要留意固定搭配的用法。

(6)假如須要填的是冠詞，則要留意是用不定冠詞還是用定冠詞，

(7)另外要留意一些固定句型。

3.瞻前顧后，全文貫穿

短文中每個(gè)空白處的正確答案和氣上下文在意思上和結(jié)構(gòu)上都有這樣或

那樣的必定聯(lián)系。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，所選答案只有和上下文和結(jié)構(gòu)上都吻合的時(shí)候,

才是正確答案。因此，必需留意上下的參照，連貫思索。假如答案一時(shí)確定

不下來(lái)，切記不要耽擱太久，可暫放一邊，待其他答案選好之后，再回過(guò)頭

來(lái)細(xì)致推敲。

試題所供應(yīng)的短文可以說(shuō)是一個(gè)整體，空白處所須要選的答案只是整體中

的一部分。有時(shí)候，所選答案從局部看是可行的，但從整體看，不見(jiàn)的是最

佳的答案。這時(shí)就要局部聽(tīng)從整體，從短文的整體內(nèi)容動(dòng)身，重新選擇答案。

對(duì)于那些拿不定辦法或未能選答的空白，不要僅局限在及上下文的比照上，

要把視野擴(kuò)大到全文。有時(shí)一旦和整篇短文聯(lián)系起來(lái)，就可豁然開(kāi)朗，很簡(jiǎn)

單選出正確答案。

4.復(fù)查核對(duì)，確定取舍

全部題目作完以后，要細(xì)致考查核對(duì)。填完空白后，重讀全文，這也是解

題過(guò)程中至關(guān)重要的一環(huán)。此時(shí)考生對(duì)文章已經(jīng)有了一個(gè)相對(duì)完整的了解，

對(duì)文章的理解也就更進(jìn)了一步，也就摸清了文章內(nèi)在發(fā)展的邏輯關(guān)系。而假

如在此時(shí)再讀一遍文章，就有可能會(huì)發(fā)覺(jué)一些其他原來(lái)沒(méi)有留意到的問(wèn)題，

也就能夠依據(jù)對(duì)語(yǔ)篇的理解及內(nèi)在的聯(lián)系，反復(fù)推敲，比較異同，從而選擇

一個(gè)更符合文章意義的答案，其方法是:把短文連同所選答案細(xì)讀一遍，凡讀

起來(lái)別扭或答案無(wú)準(zhǔn)確把握的地方分別登記來(lái)，然后將每個(gè)空白處及其相對(duì)

應(yīng)的四個(gè)答案逐一比照，務(wù)求一一過(guò)關(guān)，避開(kāi)遺漏。若發(fā)覺(jué)原所選答案及復(fù)

查時(shí)所選答案不同，不要急于涂改，待細(xì)致甚,酌核實(shí)后，再確定取舍。

例1【2024安徽】完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀

下列短文，從每小題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。

Mr.BlacklovedhisdaughterHelenverymuch.Everydayhespent

allofhisfreetime51withher.Onenight,hehadmuchworkto

do,__52__couldn，tplaywithhisdaughter.Inordertokeepher

53,hefoundamapoftheworldinamagazineandcutitintopieces.

Whenhe54,He1encamerunningtohimandwasreadytoplay.Mr.

Blacksaidhehad55timetoplayfightnow.Hetoldthegirlto

putthepiecesofpaperbacktogethertoamapoftheworld,andthen

theycouldbothplay.

Abouthalfanhourlater,Helencametoherfatherandsaid,“Okay,

it'sfinished.Canweplaynow?〃Mr.Blackwassurprisedsaying,

“That's56Let'sgoandsee."Andsureenough,therewasthe

pictureoftheworld;allputtogether,every57___initsplace.

Mr.Blacksaid,"That'ssurprising!58didyoudothat?”Helen

said,〃Itwas59Onthebackofthepagewasapictureofa

60_.WhenIputthemantogether,thewholeworldfellintoplace.〃

51.A.workingB.runningC.playingD.walking

52.A.orB.andC.butD.then

53.A.sleepyB.warmC.freeD.busy

54.A.lefthomeB.gothomeC.lettheofficeD.got

totheoffice

55.A.noB.enoughC.muchD.some

56.A.rightB.wrongC.possibleD.impossible

57.A.mapB.pictureC.pieceD.page

58.A.HowB.WhyC.WhenD.Where

59.A.hardB.simpleC.difficultD.

different

60.A.boyB.girlC.manD.woman

【大意】本文講的是位疼愛(ài)女兒的爸爸,常常和女兒玩耍。有一天，很忙

的他為了讓女兒能自己玩，把撕碎的世界地圖讓女兒拼起來(lái)，女兒很快弄完。

原來(lái)女兒看的是反面的人形。

｛列二Threesmallfishlivedinthesea.Whentheywereveryyoung,

theirparentsdied.Theyhadto61eachotherdayafterday.

Finally,theygrewupand62toswimdeeperandfurther.One

morning,thethreefishwere63toashallow（淺）waterbyabig

wave（浪）.Asmallboatwastakenthere,too.Itwashardforthefish

togobacktotheseabecausetheboatwasfightinfrontofthem.The

largestfishrealizedthattheywere64andsaidtheyhadtofind

awaytoleavethereasfastaspossible.Thesecondlargestfish65

withhiselderbrother,buttheyoungestonedidnot.Hesaidthatthere

wasmuch66fortheiractivities,sohewouldnotworryatalland

stillswamaround___67.Atlast,thelargestfishreturnedtothe68

byjumpingoverthelowestpartoftheboat.Thesecondlargestfish

alsosucceededin69hiseiderbrotherintheothersideofwater.

Buttheyoungestonedidn，tfollowthemandstillswamjoyfully.

Twohourslater,whenthe70roseup,thewaterinthesmall

shal1owcornerdriedup.Thefishwhodidnottrytoreturntothesea

diedoflack（缺乏）ofwater.

61.A.listentoB.lookafterC.talkwithD.worry

about

62.A.daredB.hatedC.refusedD.

stopped

63.A.allowedB.givenC.invitedD.

taken

64.A.insafetyB.indoubtC.indangerD.in

peace

65.A.agreedB.talkedC.comparedD.

discussed

66.A.timeB.foodC.waterD.air

67.A.slowlyB.sadlyC.luckilyD.

happily

68.A.seaB.riverC.lakeD.pond

69.A.catchingB.joiningC.takingD.

telling

70.A.stormB.starsC.moonI）.sun

【主旨大意】本文講了三條小魚(yú)相依為命的長(zhǎng)大，有一天，被帶到了淺水處。

最大的魚(yú)意識(shí)到危急，便跳回深水。其次條隨之回去。最小的魚(yú)不以為然，

最終死于缺水。提示人們要意識(shí)到潛在的危急。

(3)Bol/sTravelhiary(旅游日記)

Tuesday,July16th

Todayisrained,sowewenttoamuseum（博物館）.Itwas3g

boring.Ifound（發(fā)覺(jué)）asmallboy37inthecorner.Hewaslost（迷

路）andIhelpedhimfind38father.That39mefeelveryhappy.

Ididn,thave40moneyforataxi,sowewalkedback41the

hotel.Iwasreallytired.

Wednesday,July17th

Todaythe42wascool,sowedecidedto43tennis（網(wǎng)球）.We

playedallmorning.Itwasreallyfun.WehadSichuan44fordinner.

45_wasdelicious（美味可口的）！

36.A.kindofB.withC.on

37.A.singingB.goingC.crying

38.A.theyB.hisC.my

39.A.takeB.madeC.get

40.A.someB.noC.any

41.A.onB.toC.with

42.A.weatherB.whetherC.bus

43.A.goB.takeC.play

44.A.busB.carC.food

45.A.ItB.HeC.She

主旨大意：本篇是日記，主要講解并描述了一天的所見(jiàn)、所聞、所做，主要

考查了過(guò)去時(shí)的運(yùn)用。

(6)FarleyworkedfortheCanadiangovernment.Oneday,hewas_1_

tolearnmoreaboutwolves.Dowolveskilllotsofcaribou(」匕美馴I

鹿)?Dotheykillpeople?

Theygavehimlotsoffoodandclothesandguns.Thentheyputhimon

aplaneandtookhimto_2_.Theplaneputhimdownandwentaway.

Therewerenohousesorpeopleinthisplace.Buttherewerelotsof

animalsandlotsofwolvcs.Peopletel1terriblestoriesaboutwolvcs.

Theysaywolvesliketokillandeatpeople.Farleyrememberedthese

stories,andhewas_3_.Hehadhisgunwithhim_4_.Thenoneday,

hesawagroupofwolves.Therewasamotherwolfwithfourbabywolves.

Afatherwolfandanotheryoungwolflivedwiththem.

Farleywatchedthesewolveseveryday.Themotherwasavery_5_

mother.Shegavemilktoherbabies.Shegavethemlessonsaboutlife.

Theylearnedhowto6food.Thefatherwolfgotfoodforthemother.

Theyoungwolf_7_thechildren.Theywereanice,happyfamily-wolf

family!Farleydidnotneedhis_8_anymore.Inashorttime,he

gotonwellwiththefamily.Farleywatchedthemforfivemonths.He

learnedthatmanystoriesaboutthewolveswere_9_.Wolvesdonot

eatpeople,andtheydonoteatmanylargeanimals.Andhealsolearned

badthingsaboutmen.Itwasmenwhokilledmanycaribouandwolves.

Later,Farleywroteabookaboutwolves.Hewantedpeopleto10

themandnottokillthem,

1.A.seenB.toldC.heardD.found

2.A.asmalltownB.abigcityC.afarplaceD.alonely

village

3.A.afraidB.happyC.angryD.tired

4.A.attimesB.allthetimeC.onceaweekD.every

afternoon

5.A.badB.goodC.hungryD.thirsty

6.A.cookB.makeC.getD.pick

7.A.shoutedatB.lookedintoC.laughedatD.playedwith

8.A.foodB.clothesC.gunD.plane

9.A.notgoodB.nottrueC.noteasyD.notclear

10.A.growB.haveC.teachD.understand

點(diǎn)評(píng)狼歷來(lái)被世人視為兇殘的動(dòng)物,事實(shí)是否的確如此呢？帶著這一疑問(wèn),

Farley進(jìn)行了實(shí)地考察，在和狼進(jìn)行了零距離的接觸后，變更了自己的觀點(diǎn)。

本文告知我們要學(xué)會(huì)依據(jù)事實(shí)說(shuō)話。

(7)ManypeoplethinkthatAmericans]theircarsalmostmore

thananythingelse.When2—peoplearefourteenyearsold,theywant

tohavetheir3cars.Theydon'taskforacarfromtheir4.

Somanyofthemworkin_5timeduringtheirlastyearofhighschool

tobuyacar.Learningto6_andgettingadriverJslicensemay

beoneofthemostexcitingthingsinayoungpersonJslife,

Somepeoplealmost7_gotoadoctorwhentheyareill.Butthey

will8theircarstoagarageassoonastheythinkthereisa9

OnSaturdaysorSundayssomepeoplemay10mostoftheirtime

washingandrepairingtheircars.

人?A.preferB.lovedriveD.play

J?A.littleB.bigoldD.young

?A.newB.ownexpensiveD.cheap

4.A,friendsB.teachersC.parentsD.brot'

5.A.freeB.busyC.studyD.good

6.A.makeB.mendC.washD.drive

7.A.alwaysB.neverC.oftenD.usually

8.A.takeB.carryC.pullD.lift

9.A.questionB.wrongC.mistakeD.problem

10.A.costB.gelc.spendD.use

點(diǎn)評(píng)本文介紹了美國(guó)人尤其是年輕人對(duì)于轎車的厚愛(ài)，并列舉了一些事例

加以說(shuō)明。讓人們看到了一個(gè)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的富有和人民生活白g旺盛。

（8）Whodesigned（設(shè)計(jì)）thefirsthelicopter（直弁飛機(jī)）？Who—1

ofthemostfamouspicturesintheworld?Whoknewmoreaboutthehuman

bodythanmost_2—?Thereisananswer_3_allthesequestions

—LeonardodeVinci（達(dá)芬奇）.

Leonardomayhavebeenthegreatestgenius（天才'）_4_haveeverknown,

lielivedinItalyaroundtheyear1500,bu:manyofhisinventionsseem

noderntoustoday.Forexample,oneofhisnotebookshasdrawingsof

ahelicopter.Ofcourse,hecouldn,t_5―ahelicopterwiththe

thingshehad.Butscientistssayhisideawouldhaveworked.

ButLeonardo_6_aninventor.Hewasoneofthegreatestartistsof

hisday.Bythetimehewastwentyyearsold,hewascalledamaster

（大師）painter,andashegotolderhebecame7morefamous.

Sometimeshedrewahandtendifferentways8hewasreadytopaint.

ManyofLeonardo?swonderfulpaintingsarestillwith_9_today.

Youmayknowoneofhismostfamousworksthe_10_womanknownas

theMonaLisa.

1.A.tookB.madeC.paintedD.invented

2.A.artistsB.doctorsC.paintersD.people

3.A.toB.ofC.forD.from

4.A.thescientistsB.theartistsC.theworldD.people

5.A.drawB.paintC.workD.build

6.A.wasjustB.wasn'tjustC.wasn'tD.wasno

longer

7.A.lessB.noC.evenD.very

8.A.beforeB.afterC.becauseD.when

9.A.himB.usC.themD.you

10.A.interestingB.cryingC.smilingD.surprising

點(diǎn)評(píng)本文介紹了堪稱世界上最宏大的天才一一達(dá)?芬奇在獨(dú)創(chuàng)、藝術(shù)等方面

為人類所作的巨大貢獻(xiàn)，文章層次分明，通俗易懂。

（9）Once,akingshowedtwomenalargebasketinthegarden.Hetold

themtofillitwithwaterfromawell.Afterthey_1―theirwork,

heleftthem,saying,“Whenthesunisdown,Iwillcomeandseeyour

work.”

Atlastoneofthemsaid,"What'stheuseofdoingthisfoolishwork?

Wecan2―fillthebasket.”3mananswered,“Thatisnoneof

yourbusiness."Thefirstmansaid."Youmaydoasyoulike,butI

amnotgoingtoworkat_4_sofoolish.He_5―hisbucketand

wentaway.Theothermansaidnoword,andkeptoncarrying_6_.At

lastthewellwasalmost7.

Ashepouredthelastbucketofwaterintothebasket,hesawabright

thinginit.Hepickeditup.Itwasabeautifulgoldring.Justthen

thekingcame.—8—hesawthering,heknewthathehadfcundthe

kindofmanhewanted.Hetoldhimtokeeptheringforhimself."You

―9_sowellinthislittlething,"hesaid,“—10—nowIknow

Icanbelieveyouwithmanythings.”

1.A.finishedB.did?beganD.had

2.A.everB.never?easilyD.no

3.A.TheotherB.AnotherK/?OneD.Asecond

4.A.anythingB.somethingC.nothingD.everything

5.A.pickedupB.putawayc.tookawayD.threwaway

6.A.waterB.basketc.wellD.work

7.A.fullB.emptyc.filledD.clean

8.A.WhileB.Assoonasc.BeforeD.Since

9.A.havedoneB.willdoC.doD.aredoing

10.A.whatB.whyC.whenD.that

點(diǎn)評(píng)本文講解并描述了一個(gè)國(guó)王為了考驗(yàn)兩個(gè)人，讓他們往籃子里打水，

忠誠(chéng)的人不遺余力地在空籃子里打水，直到國(guó)王歸來(lái)。結(jié)果不僅獲得了一枚

金戒指，而且得到了國(guó)王的信任。

(10)Foodisveryimportant.Everyoneneedsto_1—wellifheor

shewantstohaveastrongbody.Ourmindsalsoneedakindoffood.

Thiskindoffoodis_2_.Webegintogetknowledgeeven_3_we

areveryyoung.Smallchildrenare_4_ineverythingaroundthem.

Theylearn5―whiletheyarewatchingandlistening.Whentheyare

gettingolder,theybeginto6storybooks,sciencebooks***,

anythingtheylike.Whentheyfindsomethingnew,theylovetoask

questionsand_7_tofindoutanswers.Whatisthebest_8_toget

knowledge?Ifwelearnbyourselves,wewi11get_9_knowledge.If

weare_10_gettinganswersfromothersanddonotaskwhy,wewill

neverlearnwell.Whenwestudyintherightway,wewilllearnmore

andunderstandbetter.

1.A.sleepB.readC.drinkD.eat

2.A.sportB.exerciseC.knowledgeD.meat

Lx?A.untilB.whenC.afterD.so

?X?A.interestedB.interestingC.weakD.better

A.everythingB.somethingC.nothingD.anything

?A.lendB.readC.learnD.write

1?A.tryB.haveC.refuseD.wait

?A.placeB.schoolC.wayD.road

KX?A.littleB.fewC.manyD.themost

10.A.oftenB.alwaysC.usuallyD.something

點(diǎn)評(píng)本文說(shuō)明白學(xué)問(wèn)的重要性，介紹了一個(gè)人學(xué)習(xí)學(xué)問(wèn)的過(guò)程以及獲得學(xué)

問(wèn)的最佳途徑，是一篇可讀性較強(qiáng)的文章。

(11)Someonesays,“Timeismoney."ButIthinktimeis_1—

importantthanmoney.Why?Becausewhenir.oncyisspent,wecangetit

back.However,whentimeis2it'11never3.That's4we

uustn,twastetime.

Itgoeswithoutsayingthatthe5isusuallylimited.Evena

secondisveryimportant.Weshouldmakefulluseofourtimetodo

6—useful.

Butitisapitythattherearealotofpeoplewhodonotknowthe

importanceoftime.Theyspenttheir1imitedtimesmoking,drinking

and7.Theydonotknowthatwastingtimemeanswastingpartof

theirown_8.

Inaword,weshouldsavetime.Weshouldn,t9today'swork

fortomorrow.Rememberwehavenotimeto10.

1.A.muchB.lessC.muchlessD.evenmore

2.A.costB.boughtC.goneD.finished

3.A.returnB.carryC.takeD.bring

4.A.whatJL_J?thatC.becauseD.why

5.A.moneyJLx.timeC.dayD.food

6.A.nothingB.somethingC.anythingD.everything

7.A.readingB.writingC.playingD.working

8.A.timeB.foodC.moneyD.life

9.A.stopB.leaveC.letD.give

10.A.loseB.saveC.spendD.take

點(diǎn)評(píng)文章講解并描述了時(shí)訶的重要性。金錢(qián)用完了可以再來(lái)，但時(shí)間卻是

一去不復(fù)返。告誡我們要珍惜時(shí)間，不能虛度年華。

(12)Nasreddinwasapoorman,sohetriedtogrow_1―hecould

inhisowngarden,sothathewouldnothavetobuysomanyinthemarket.

Oneeveningheheardanoiseinhisgardenandloo