走近中國歷史人物-2023年中考英語新熱點時文閱讀

2023年中考英語新熱點時文閱讀.走近中國歷史人物

題型主要內(nèi)容

1

短文選詞填空講述了諸葛亮''草船借箭”的故事。

2

完形填空介紹了中國歷史上偉大的教育家孔子的生平、他的教育理念、他對中國教育

所做的貢獻及人們對他的評價。

3

完形填空俞伯牙和鐘子期知音難求的感人故事。

4

閱讀理解介紹了王維和他的詩《送元二使安西》。

5

閱讀理解講述了李時珍的人生故事。

01

（2022.遼寧錦州.中考真題）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，用方框中所給詞的正確形式填空，使短文完整、正確，

并將答案寫在答題卡的相應位置（每個詞只能用一次\

fill,through,possible,turned,much,drum,hear,three,these,others

Thisisastoryabouttwowisemen—ZhugeLiangandZhouYu.TheChinesepeoplehavebeen

tellingthestoryformanyyears.Oneday,ZhouYugaveZhugeLiangan]task.Heaskedhimto

make100,000arrows（箭）intendays."Noproblem,5,ZhugeLiangsaidatonce."I'llbringyou100,000

arrowsin2days.”

ZhugeLiangaskedhissoldiers（士兵）I。320largeboatswithmanystraw（稻草imen.On

theearlymorningofthethirdday,healsoaskedthesoldierstosail（航行）theboatstothecampsofCao

Cao,sarmyonthe4sideoftheriver.Thesoldiersshoutedandbeattheirdrumsloudly.

WhenCaoCao'ssoldiers5thesounds,theythoughttheywereunderattack（攻擊）.

However,theycouldnotseeenemies6thethickfog（霧）ontheriver.CaoCaoorderedhis

soldierstoshootarrowstowardsthesoundsof（he7andtheshouting.ZhugeLiang'sboatswere

soonfullofarrows.

ZhugeLiang'ssoldiersthen8theboatsaroundandshouted,“Thankyouforyourarrows,

CaoCao."ZhugeLiangtookall9arrowstoZhouYu.Hefinishedthetasksuccessfully.There

were1（）than100,000ofthem.ItisthestoryofBorrowArrowswithStrawBoals.

02

（2022?內(nèi)蒙古鄂爾多斯?二模）WhoisthegreatestteacherinChinesehistory?Youmaythinkof

Confucius（孔子），September2Bwashisbirthday.Althoughhelivedover2,000years11.people

todaystillrememberandrespecthim.

ConfuciuslivedintheKingdomofLuduringtheSpringandAutumnPeriod.Hehada12

childhood.Hisfatherdiedwhenhewasonly3,sohehadto13tohelphismother,butyoung

Confuciusnever14studying.Hevisitedmanyfamousteachersandlearnedmusic,history,poetry

andsports.

Later,hebecameateacherandstartedthefirstpublicschoolinChina.Atthattimeonlychildrenfrom

15familiescouldgotoschool,butConfuciusbelievedeveryone16gotoschoolifthey

wantedtoleam.Hehadabout3,000studentsinhislifetime.

Today,peoplestill17Confucius,lessons.Hetoldusthatweallhavesomethingworthy（值

得）tobelearned.4iWhenIamwiththreepeople,oneofthemmustbebetterthanmeinsome18.I

choosetheirgoodqualitiesandfollowthem?,Healsotaughtusthat19isveryimportantinstudy.

“AHstudybutnothinkingmakespeoplepuzzled（困惑的）.Allthinkingbutnostudymakespeoplelazy.”

Confuciusisnotonlyagreatteacher,butalsoafamousthinkerwithwisethoughtsabouttheworld

andsociety.Hismostimportantteachingsareabout20andgoodmanners.4*Apersonshouldbe

strictwithhimself,butbekindtoothers."hesaid.

11.A.beforeB.agoC.afterD.later

12.A.hardB.happyC.simpleD.pleasant

13.A.studyB.writeC.singD.work

14.A.gaveinB.gaveawayC.gaveupD.gaveout

15.A.richB.poorC.bigD.small

16.A.couldB.mightC.mustD.should

17.A.realizeB.influenceC.studyD.listen

18.A.subjectsB.periodsC.areasD.places

19.A.thinkingB.readingC.teachingD.learning

20.A.happinessB.kindnessC.strictnessD.safeness

03

（2022?四川?眉山天府新區(qū)興盛學校一模）HaveyoueverheardofthestoryaboutYuBoyaand

ZhongZiqi?Theirfriendshipisatypical21oftheideal（理想的）Chinesefriendship.Hereisthe

story.

DuringtheSpringandAutumnPeriod,therelivedagreatmusiciannamedYuBoya.Heplayedthe

musicalinstRimentguqinverywell.Unluckily,fewpeoplecould22hismusic.

Oneday,Boyawenttravelingbyboat.Onhisway,hemetwithabig23andstoppedthe

boatbytheriverside.Whentherainstopped,seeingthebeautifulscenery（景色［hewasvery24.

Sohetookouthisguqinandbegantoplay.Ashewasthrowinghimselfintoplayingmusic,hesuddenly

noticedthat25waslisteningtohimbytheriverside.Boyacameouttheoftheboatandsawa

personenjoyinghismusic.ThatpersonwasZhongZiqi.Boya26himtohisboatandplayedfor

him.Heplayedonetunc（曲子）thatdescribedthehighmountainandanotherthatdescribedtherunning

water.ZhongunderstoodbothofthemandadmiredBoyaforhismusical27.Boyawasvery

excited,andsaid,“Dearfriend!Onlyyoucanunderstandmymusic!”

They28thattheywouldmeetagaininthesameplacethenextyear.Thefollowingyear,

Boyaarrivedontime,29hedidn'tseeZhong.Later,helearnedthatZhonghaddiedofanillness.

Boyawassosadthathebrokehisguqinanddecided30toplayitagain.

Later,theterm“zhiyin“begantobeusedtodescribeaveryolosefriend.

21.A.ruleB.parC.exampleD.character

22.A.forgetB.believeC.realizeD.understand

23.A.rainB.boatC.instrumentD.fish

24.A.boredB.excitedC.proudD.sad

25.A.somebodyB.everybodyC.anybodyD.nobody

26.A.sentB.invitedC.refusedD.threw

27.A.ruleB.talentC.joumeyD.score

28.A.agreedB.doubledC.mindedD.wondered

29.A.ifB.soC.butD.because

30.A.onlyB.justC.onceD.never

04

（2022.江蘇.鹽城市鹽都區(qū)實驗初中一模）

?Nodustisraisedontheroadwetwithmorning▲

②Thewillowsbythehotellooksofreshandgreen.

(3)1inviteyoutodrinkacupofwineagain.

?Westofthesunnypassnomorefriendswillbeseen.

(TranslatedbyXuYuanchong)

Withthetemperaturerising,springisagoodtimetogooutandtravelfaraway.TangDynastypoet

WangWeibidfarewelltohisfriendinthisseason.ThepoemAFarewellSongdescribeshisexpcrience.On

aspringmorning,Wanghastosaygoodbyetohisfriend—YuanErwhowouldleaveforafarawayplace

calledAnxi,intoday'sXinjiangUygurautonomousregion.WanghopesthathisfriendYuanwillsafely

returnfromAnxi,althoughheknowsthattheymightnotseeeachotheragain.Evenwiththisknowledge.

thepoetisnotwillingtoshowmuchsorroworsadnessfbrYuan'sdeparture（離開）.Instead,hewantsco

takethetimetotreasuretheirfriendshipandinvitesYuantodrinkacupofwine.Inthepoem,Wanguses

theskillofexchangingroles.Onthesurface,thepoetsaysgoodbyetohisfriend.Butthefactisthatthetwo

likelyhavenochancetoseeeachotheragain.SoitisthatYuansaysgoodbyetothepoetaswell.

WangWeiisconsideredoneofthegreatestpoetsofiheTangDynasty,alongwithDuFuandLiBai.

Ofthethree,WangWeiwastheonlyonewhohadasuccessfulcareerinthebureaucracy（官場）.Whenhe

wasfree,hespentmuchlimeinthecountrysidethinkingaboutnature.Wangisbestknownfordescribing

quietscenesofwaterandmist,withfewdetailsandlittlehumanpresence.Hehasbeenpraisedfor“putting

paintingintohispoetryandpoetryintohispainting.”

31.Whichwordcanbeputin▲?

A.fogB.windC.rainD.sun

32.InAFarewellSong,whichsentencespointouttheplaceandtimeoffarewell?

A.@@B,②④C.D.③④

33.WhatdidWangWeiexpressbywritingthispoem?

A.Hishappinessofenjoyingthescene.B.Hisgreetingstohisfriend.

C.Hissadnessofdeparture.D.Hiswishforhisfriend.

34.WhatcanwelearnaboutWangWeiaccordingtothepassage?

A.Hedidn'tfeelverysadaboutYuan'sdeparture.

B.Hewasagreatsuccessinbothworkandpoetry.

C.Heisbestknownfordescribinghumanswithrichdetails.

D.Heenjoyedwritingpoemsandpaintingatthesametime.

05

（2022?山東?曹縣教學研究室二模）LiShizhcnwasoneofthemostfamousdoctorsinChinese

history.HewasborninQichun,Ilubeiin1518.BothofLiShizhen'sfatherandgrandfatherweredoctors.

LiShizhen'sgrandfatherwasacountrydoctorwhotraveledinthecountrysidewithabagofherbs（藥

草）andcured（治愈）people.Hisfatherwasadoctorwhowroteseveralbooks.

LiShizhenusedtohelphisfatherinhismedicalpracticewhenhewasyoung.LiShizhen'sfather

wantedhimtoenterpolitics（從政）.LiShizhenstudiedfortheexamsandpassedthecoumry—level

examination,buthewasneverabletopasstheimperial（帝國的）examination.Whenhewas38,hecured

thesonofthePrinceofChuandwasinvitedtobeanofficialinthatcourt（宮廷）.Afewyearslater,he

becameanofficialattheImperialMedicalInstitute.Eventhouglihefulfilledhisfather'sdream,hedidn't

wanttocontinueworkingforthecourt.Oneyearlater,heleftthecourtandreturnedtobeadoctoragain.

LiShizhenwasfamousforhisbook.CompendiumofMateriaMedica（《本草綱目》）.Hespent27

yearswritingthebook.Unluckily,LiShizhendiedbeforethebookwasofficiallypublished.Itissucha

successfulbook.NowitisstilloneofthemostimportantmedicalbooksinChina.

35.WhatdidLiShizhen'sfatherwantLiShizhentodo?

A.Tobeadoctor.B.Towriteabook.C.Toenterpolitics.

36.Whenhewas38,LiShizhencured.

A.hisgrandfatherB.thesonofthePrinceofChuC.anofficialinthatcountry

37.Accordingto（hepassage,whatwasLiShizhenfamousfor?

A.Workingforthecourt.

B.Curingalotofpeople.

C.Thebook,CompendiumofMateriaMcdica.

38.WhichofihefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.LiShizhcn'sgrandfatherwasacountrydoctorandwroteseveralbooks.

B.LiShizhenstudiedfortheexamsandpassedtheimperialexamination.

C.CompendiumofMateriaMedicaisoneofthemostimportantmedicalbooksinChina.

39.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?

A.LiShizhen'slife.B.LiShizhen'sbook.C.LiShizhen'sherbs.

參考答案：

1.impossible2.three3.fill4.other5.heard6.through7.drums8.turned9.thes

e10.more

【導語】本文主要講述了諸葛亮''草船借箭”的故事。

I.句意：一天，周瑜交給諸葛亮一項不可能完成的任務。根據(jù)"Heaskedhimtomake100,000arrows

（箭）intendays”可知在10天內(nèi)制作10萬支箭是不可能的,impossible“不可能的、形容詞，故填

impossible.

2.句意：我將在三天內(nèi)給你帶來十萬支箭。根據(jù)氣ays”可知此處應用基數(shù)詞修飾名詞，three“三個”

符合語境，故填three。

3.句意：諸葛亮讓他的士兵們在20艘大船上裝上稻草人。根據(jù)"20largeboatswithmanystraw（稻草）

men”可知是在船上裝滿稻草人，EH"裝滿”符合語境，空前有不定式符號，動詞用原形，故填行兒

4句意第三天一大早他又叫士兵們把船開到河對岸曹操軍隊的營地。根據(jù)"onthe...sideoftheriver.”

可知是指河岸的另一邊，theotherside“另一邊”，故填other。

5.句意:當曹操的士兵們聽到聲音時，他們認為他們遭到了攻擊。根據(jù)“WhenCaoCao'ssoldiers…the

sounds”可知是指曹軍聽到了聲音,hear“聽見”動詞，句子是一般過去時動詞用過去式，故填heard。

6.句意：然而，他們透過河上的濃霧看不到敵人。根據(jù)"However,theycouldnotseecncmics...thethick

fog（霧）ontheriver.”可知此處是指透過濃霧看敵人,through“通過”，介詞，符合語境,故填through.

7.句意：曹操命令他的士兵朝著鼓聲和喊叫聲射箭。根據(jù)''CaoCaoorderedhissoldierstoshootarrows

towardsthesoundsofthe”以及上文“beattheirdrumsloudly.”可知是指鼓的聲音,故填drums。

8.句意:諸葛亮的士兵把船轉過來。根據(jù)“ZhugeLiang'ssoldiersthen...theboatsaroundandshouted”

可知是指把船轉過來，開回去，turn符合語境，句子是一般過去時，動詞用過去式，故填turned.

9.句意：諸葛亮把這些箭都帶給了周瑜。根據(jù)"ZhugcLiangtookall...arrowstoZhouYu”結合備選詞

可知是指這些箭，these”這些，符合語境,故填these.

10.句意：有超過1。萬支箭。根據(jù)“Therewere...than100,000ofthem.”可知此處是指箭的數(shù)量超過

10萬支,故填more.

II.B12.A13.D14.C15.A16.D17.C18.C19.A20.B

【導語】本文主要介紹了中國歷史上偉大的教育家孔子的生平、他的教育理念、他對中國教育所做

的貢獻及人們對他的評價。

11.句意：盡管他生活在2000多年前，但今天的人們?nèi)匀挥浀煤妥鹬厮?/p>

before在...之前；ago以前;after在....之后;later之后。根據(jù)"Althoughhelivedover2,00Cyears...''

可知，此處表示在“2000多年前“，應用“ago”。故選B。

12.句意：他有一個艱難的童年。

hard艱難的；happy開心;simple簡單的；pleasant令人愉快的。根據(jù)“Hisfatherdiedwhenhewasonly

3”可知，他有一個艱難的童年。故選A。

13.句意：父親在他三歲的時候就去世了，所以他不得不工作來幫助母親，但年輕的孔子從未放棄

學習。

study學習;write寫;sing唱歌;work工作。根據(jù)"sohehadto...tohelphismother,“可知，他不得不

工作來幫助母親。故選D。

14.句意：父親在他三歲的時候就去世了，所以他不得不工作來幫助母親，但年輕的孔子從未放棄

學習。

gavein屈月員;gaveaway泄露;gaveup放棄;gaveout分發(fā)。根據(jù)“Hevisiledmanyfamousteachersand

learnedmusic,history,poetryandsports”可知,孔子從未放棄學習。故選Co

15.句意：那時，只有富家子弟才能上學，但孔子認為每個人想學習就應該上學.

rich富有的；poor貧窮的；big大的；small小的。根據(jù)“Atthattimeonlychildrenfrom...familiescould

gotosch。。「可知，那時只有富家子弟才能上學。故選A。

16.句意：那時，只有富家子弟才能上學，但孔子認為每個人想學習就應該上學。

could可以;might可能;must必須should應該。根據(jù)“Confuciusbelievedeveryone...gotoschoolifthey

wantedtolearn.”可知，孔子認為每個人想學習就應該上學。改選D。

17.句意：現(xiàn)在，人們還在學習孔子的課程。

realize意識到；influence影響;study學習;listen聽。根據(jù)“Hetoldusthatweallhavesomethingworthy

（值得）tobelearned.”可知，現(xiàn)如今人們還在學習孔子的課程。故選C。

18.句意：當我和三個人在一起時，他們中的一個在某些方面一定比我好。

subjects科目periods時期;areas方面;places地方。根據(jù)''Ichoosetheirgoodqualitiesandfollowthem.^^

可知，三人行必要我?guī)熝?，所以他們中的一個在某些方面一定比我好。故選C。

19.句意：他還告訴我們，思考在學習中非常重要。

thinking思考;reading閱讀;(caching教;learning學習。根據(jù)“AHthinkingbutnostudymakespeople

lazy「可知，孔子認為思考在學習中非常重要。故選A。

20.句意：他最重要的教導是關于善良和良好的舉止。

happiness開心；kindness善良"rictness嚴格;safcness安全。根據(jù)"Apersonshouldbestrictwithhimself,

butbekindtoothers."可知，他最重要的教導是關于善良和良好的舉止。故選B。

21.C22.D23.A24.B25.A26.B27.B28.A29.C30.D

【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述的是俞伯牙和鐘子期知音難求的感人故事。

21?句意：他們的友誼是理想的中國友誼的典型例子。

rule規(guī)貝!j;part部分;example例子character性格。根據(jù)“HaveyoueverheardofthestoryaboutYuBoya

andZhongZiqi?Theirfriendshipisatypical...oftheideal（理想的）Chinesefriendship.Hereisthestory.”

可知，此處是用俞伯牙和鐘子期舉了一個例子。故選Co

22.句意：不幸的是，很少有人能聽懂他的音樂。

forget忘記;believe相信;realize意識；understand理解。根據(jù)“Zhongunderstoodbothofthemand

admiredBoya”可知，此處沒人能聽懂他的音樂。故選D。

23.句意：在路上，他遇到了一場大雨，把船停在河邊。

rain雨;boat船;instrument儀器;fish魚。根據(jù)"Whentherainstopped”可知，遇到了一場大雨。故

選A。

24.句意：雨停了，看到美麗的景色，他非常激動。

bored乏味的;excited興奮的proud自豪的>ad悲傷的。根據(jù)“Whentherainstopped,seeingthebeautiful

scenery（景色）”可口Sohetookouthisguqinandbegantoplay.”可知，此處他應該非常激動。故選B。

25?句意：當他全神貫注地演奏音樂時，他突然注意到河邊有人在聽他演奏。

somebody某人;everybody每個人;anybody任何人;nobody沒有人。根據(jù)''Boyacameouttheofthe

boatandsawapersonenjoyinghismusic.”可知,有人在聽他演奏。故選A。

26?句意：伯牙邀請他到他的船上為他演奏。

sent寄送;invited邀請;refused拒絕；threw扔。根據(jù)"ZhongunderstoodbothofthemandadmiredBoya”

可知，伯牙邀請他到他的船上。故選B。

27.句意：鐘子期聽懂了這兩首曲子，并欽佩伯牙的音樂才能。

rule規(guī)貝!]^alent才能journey旅行^core分數(shù)。根據(jù)“ZhongunderstoodbothofthemandadmiredBoya**

和“Boyawasveryexcited,andsaid,'Dearfriend!Onlyyoucanunderstandmymusic!，”可知，子期欽佩伯

牙的音樂才能.故選B.

28.句意：他們約定明年再在同一個地方見面。

agreed同意，約定;doubted懷疑；minded介意；wondered想知道。根據(jù)''theywouldmeetagaininthe

sameplacethenextyear”可知，此處表兩個人的約定。故