高中二年級下學(xué)期英語高考英語閱讀理解詞義猜測題課件

高考閱讀理解詞義猜測題

高考閱讀解題技巧StrategiesandTechniquesforGuessingtheMeaningsofWordsorPhrasesWhileReadingLearningobjectivesIn

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:1.masterthestrategiesandtechniquesforguessingthemeaningsofwordsorphraseswhilereadingbylearningexamples.高考閱讀解題技巧含mean,bestexplain,replace,referto等題干意思猜測題考情

每道題通?？家坏?有時考兩道三種類型猜測單詞的含義猜測短語的含義猜測句子的含義高考閱讀解題技巧詞義猜測題解題步驟比較選擇項，確定答案。根據(jù)上下文信息，結(jié)合不同的方法進行選題審讀題干，確認(rèn)猜測點確認(rèn)所要求猜測單詞、短語或句子在文中的位置高考閱讀解題技巧詞義猜測題構(gòu)詞法據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)化法、合成法和派生法(前綴、后綴)推斷常識或背景知識法語法法據(jù)定從、同位語從句、冒號

破折號之后的解釋或說明推斷五種解法對比or,otherwise,while,instead,ratherthan,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand等邏輯法因果so,because等轉(zhuǎn)折but,yet,however等讓步though,although等上下文法上下文詞義（同義近義、反義、舉例等）上下文邏輯高考閱讀解題技巧一、上下文法

之上下文詞義法3舉例4同義近義2定義1重述5反義高考閱讀解題技巧Allwhalesfallintotwogroups,thosewithteethandthosewithout,Dolphinsbelongtoodontoceti,thatistosay,theyaretoothedwhales.1重述關(guān)系有牙齒的重述是使用常用、簡明的詞或詞組對某一復(fù)雜難懂的詞或術(shù)語的含義進行解釋。重述部分通過逗號(有時也使用破折號、冒號、分號或括號)與句子的其他部分隔開或用信號詞引導(dǎo)。常見的信號詞語有：or,namely,thatis,inotherwords,thatistosay,tobemoreexact,toputinanotherway等?！呖奸喿x解題技巧(北京高考閱讀C)Transparentanimalsletlightpassthroughtheirbodiesthesamewaylightpassesthroughawindow.常用的下定義的信號詞語有：is,are,is/arecalled,mean,referto,knownas等。2定義關(guān)系———————————————————透明的高考閱讀解題技巧舉例…allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.(2018年全國卷ⅠC篇)29.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“dominant”underlinedinparagraph2?A.complex.B.advanced.C.powerful.D.modern表示舉例的詞匯有suchas，forexample，forinstance，like，including,especially等，可以通過所舉事例推知前面內(nèi)容。漢語、英語是____語言suchas3C高考閱讀解題技巧4同義或近義關(guān)系“Ofcourse,onlyaretoday‘stopWesterndesignersbeinginfluencedbyChina-someofthebestdesignersofcontemporaryfashionarethemselvesChinese.”VeraWang,AlexanderWang,JasonWuaretakingonGaliano,Albaz,MarcJacobs-andbeatingthemhandsdownindesignandsales,“addsHil.(2019年全國卷IIIB篇)26.Whatdotheunderlinedwords"takingon"inparagraph4mean?A.learningfromB.lookingdownon

C.workingwith D.competingagainstand利用上下文中出現(xiàn)的同義或近義的單詞或短語推知生詞的意思。常見信號詞：and,or,also,as…as，justas,

similarly等D高考閱讀解題技巧2020年全國Ⅱ卷·30

Thefurtradekeptnutria(海貍鼠)incheckfordecades,butwhenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthelate1980s,thecat-sizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“collapsed”inparagraph5probablymean?A.Boomed. B.Becamemature.C.Remainedstable. D.Crashed.

D信號詞:but,yet,however等高考閱讀解題技巧5反義關(guān)系根據(jù)上下文語境Mrs.Stanleytalkedmostlyaboutherdeadhusband,"Mr.StanleyandIwentshoppingthismorning."she'dsay.Thefirsttimeshesaidthat,soda(汽水)wentupmynose.ItoldmyfatherhowMrs.StanleytalkedasifMr.Stanleywerestillalive.Dadsaidshewasprobablylonely,andthatIoughttositandlistenandnodmyheadandsmile,andmaybeshe'd

workitoutofhersystem.Sothat'swhatIdid,anditturnedoutDadwasright.Afterawhilesheseemedcontenttoleaveherhusbandoveratthecemetery(墓地).(2017年11月浙江卷)23.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedphrase"workitoutofhersystem"?A.recoverfromhersadnessB.moveoutoftheneighborhoodC.turntoheroldfriendsD.speakoutaboutherpastdeadlonelycontentA高考閱讀解題技巧二、語法法3標(biāo)點符號2同位語（從句）1定語（從句）高考閱讀解題技巧Yet“Apes”ismoreexceptionthantherule.Infact,Hollywoodhasbeenhotonliveanimalslately.Onenonprofitorganization,whichmonitorsthetreatmentofanimalsinfilmedentertainment,iskeepingtabsonmorethan2,000productionsthisyear.Already,anumberoffilms,including“WaterforElephants,”

“TheHangoverPartII”and“Zookeeper,”havedrawntheangerofactivistswhosaythecreaturesactinginthemhaven‘tbeentreatedproperly.（2020年全國Ⅲ卷·26）Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“keepingtabson”inparagraph3probablymean?A.Listingcompletely.B.Directingprofessionally.C.Promotingsuccessfully.D.Watchingcarefully.D1從句高考閱讀解題技巧

2019年全國Ⅰ卷·25Buthe’snervous.“I’mheretotellyoutodaywhyyoushould…should…”Christripsonthe“-ld,”apronunciationdifficultyformanynon-nativeEnglishspeakers.Histeacher,ThomasWhaley,isnexttohim,whisperingsupport.“…Votefor…me…”Exceptforsomestumbles,Chrisisdoingamazinglywell.Whenhebringshisspeechtoaniceconclusion,Whaleyinvitestherestoftheclasstopraisehim.A2標(biāo)定符號……………25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stumbles”inparagraph2referto?A.Improperpauses. B.Badmanners.C.Spellingmistakes. D.Sillyjokes.高考閱讀解題技巧ThePresident’seyes,brightenedathershowofspirit.“Sorry,madam,IhaveunderestimatedyouasIdidn’tknowyourbackground.”(2020·天津高考閱讀B)根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法知識我們可知，under-為前綴，表示“在……下”，estimate(估計，估量；判斷；評價)為詞根，因此，我們可猜測underestimate為“低估，看輕”之意。三、構(gòu)詞法(formation)高考閱讀解題技巧派生法派生法：通過在詞根上添加前綴或后綴構(gòu)造新詞。一般講前綴改變詞義不變詞性，后綴改變詞性不變詞義。常見的前綴和后綴如：super-(超)mini-(迷你的,微小的micro-（微小的）re-（再，反復(fù)）mis-（誤，惡）im-（不）un-（不，非）in-（不，非）non-（不，非）-able（能…的）-less（不，無）-wards(向)2合成法合成法：指兩個或多個單詞按照一定的組合規(guī)律組合在一起，形成一個新的單詞。轉(zhuǎn)化法：把一種詞性用作另一種詞性而詞形不變。高考中?？际煸~生義,同學(xué)們注意積累，做題時也要結(jié)合語境進行檢查。3轉(zhuǎn)化法1高考閱讀解題技巧四、邏輯法3讓步though,although等4對比or,otherwise,while,instead,ratherthan,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand等LogicalRelation2轉(zhuǎn)折but,yet,however等1因果so,because等高考閱讀解題技巧(全國卷Ⅱ閱讀D)ScientistshavefoundthatallkindsofplantsgiveoutVOCswhenbeingattacked.It’saplant’swayofcryingout.Butisanyonelistening？Apparently.Becausewecanwatchtheneighborsreact.根據(jù)畫線詞后面的原因狀語從句“Becausewecanwatchtheneighborsreact.”不難得知，apparently應(yīng)為“肯定”的答復(fù)，其意思是“顯然地”。信號詞:because,since,as,for,dueto,so,therefore,so…that,such…that,thus1因果法高考閱讀解題技巧AccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournalofConsumerResearch,boththesizeandconsumptionhabitsofoureatingcompanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake.Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions(份),it’sthebeanpoleswithbigappetitesyoureallyneedtoavoid.(2020·新高考全國卷Ⅰ閱讀D)13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“beanpoles”inparagraph1referto?A.Bigeaters.

B．Overweightpersons.C.Pickyeaters. D．Tallthinpersons.D2對比信號詞：or,otherwise,while,instead,ratherthan,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand等高考閱讀解題技巧五、根據(jù)生活常識和文化背景知識

15.Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelsliketobefloodedwithobjects.Whydoweoftenassumethatmoreismorewhenitcomestokidsandtheirbelongings？ThegoodnewsisthatIcanhelpmyo