浙江省湖州、麗水、衢州三地市2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期11月一模英語(yǔ)試題 含解析

湖州、衢州、麗水2024年11月三地市教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)試卷高三英語(yǔ)本試卷分第I卷（選擇題）和第II卷（非選擇題）。第I卷1至8頁(yè)，第II卷9至10頁(yè)。第Ⅰ卷注意事項(xiàng)：1．答第I卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫(xiě)在答題卡上。2．選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)。不能答在本試卷上，否則無(wú)效。第一部分聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.WhatdidMartindoyesterday?A.Hewenttoabeach.B.Hehadlunchatacafé.C.Hevisitedamuseum.2.HowwillthemangettoShanghai?A.Bytrain.B.Byplane.C.Bycar.3.Whatdoesthewomansuggestmando？A.Avoideatingmeat.B.Havemorebeans.C.Eatlessrice.4.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Strangers.B.Relatives.C.Co-workers.5.Howdoesthemanprobablyfeelnow?A.Shocked.B.Relieved.C.Embarrassed.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6Wheredidthetwinsmeet?A.InSpringfield.B.InChicago.C.InSeattle.7.HowmuchtimedidMs.Whitespendlookingforhersister?A.Fouryears.B.Forty-fiveyears.C.Amonth.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Howmanybookscanastudentborrowatmosteachday?A.Ten.B.Five.C.Three.9.Whycan’ttheboyborrowthebooksnow?A.Hedoesn’thavehisstudentIDcardwithhim.B.Hehasbeenfinedbythelibrarybefore.C.Hehasnotreturnedtheoverduebook.10.Whatdoesthewomansuggesttheboydo?A.Paythefinenow.B.Copywhatheneeds.C.Makeacalltohisfriend.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whendidthewomanstartdrawingonstones?A.Aboutfouryearsago.B.Aboutfourmonthsago.C.Whenshewasfour.12.Whatisspecialaboutthewoman’spaintings?A.They’reaboutsceneries.B.Theycontainlittledetail.C.Someofthemarelarge.13.Whydidthewomandrawonstones?A.Toearnmoremoney.B.TobefamousontheInternet.C.Toimproveherpaintingskills.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第14至16題。14.WherewasAnniebornprobably?A.InItaly.B.InFrance.C.InPortugal.15.WhatisdifficultforAnnietolearnaboutSpanish?A.Itswriting.B.Itsgrammar.C.Itspronunciation.16.WhatisMr.Johnson’sopinionofAnnie?A.Sheisfallingbehind.B.Sheisperformingaverage.C.Sheisdoingwell.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whatwastheresultofthefire?A.Manypeoplewereinjured.B.Manyfactoriesweredestroyed.C.Around10,000peoplewerehomeless.18.WhatdopeopleinMirpurmainlydotomakealiving?A.Makeclothing.B.Produceplastic.C.Sellwoods.19.Whatmadethefirefighters’workmoredifficult?A.Thehotweather.B.Thelackofwater.C.Theterribletraffic.20.Wherearethehomelesspeoplenow?A.Onthestreet.B.Atnearbyschools.C.Inafactory.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié),滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ATheInternationalStudentHub(I-Hub)isacentralizedandcomprehensivecenterforNewYorkUniversity’sinternationalstudentcommunity.HerearesomeactivitiesprovidedbyI-Hubfornewinternationalstudents.IkeaTripforNewInternationalStudentsTuesday,August20th|1:00PM-4:00PMMeetupwithothernewinternationalgraduatestudentstotakepublictransportationtotheIKEAinBrooklyn.WewillleavefromTandon’sBrooklyncampusat1:00pmandtaketheMTAbustoIKEA.OncewearriveatIKEA,youwillbefreetoshopaslongasyouwouldlike.ManhattanGroceryStoreHoppingWednesday,August21st|11:00AM-12:30PMStillmissingdailyessentialsbutnotsurewheretobuythem?JoinusonatripandvisitgrocerystoresaroundtheWashingtonSquarecampuswithothernewinternationalstudents!Getinsidertipsonhowtostayunderbudgetwhenshoppingandwheretofindthebestdeals.FantasticNightinConeyIslandFriday,August23rd|7:00PM-10:00PMLookingforafunandauthenticAmericanexperience?JoinfellowinternationalstudentsattheBrooklynCyclonesbaseballgame!It’stheperfectwaytospendanevening–cheeringwithpassionateaudienceandsoakingupthelivelyatmosphereatMaimonidesPark.Therewillalsobeafireworksshow!DiscoverNY:ChinatownSunday,August25th|11:00AM-1:00PMJoinusforawalkingtouraroundChinatown!Comeandexperiencetherichcultureofthehistoricneighborhoodandsampleawideselectionofcheapeats.Ontheway,you’llalsofindoutaboutlocationattractions,tipsonwheretobuygroceries,andmore!1.WhatcanstudentsdoinManhattanGroceryStoreHopping?A.TaketheMTAbus. B.Tastecheapeats.C.Watchafireworksshow. D.Getadviceonpurchase.2.Whichactivitywillappealtoasportsfan?A.DiscoverNY:Chinatown. B.FantasticNightinConeyIsland.C.ManhattanGroceryStoreHopping. D.IkeaTripforNewInternationalStudents.3.Whatdothefouractivitieshaveincommon?A.Theyoffershoppingexperiencestostudents.B.Theyrequirestudentstotakepublictransport.C.TheyenablestudentstolearnChineseculture.D.Theyaredesignedfornewinternationalstudents.【答案】1.D2.B3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章詳細(xì)列出了國(guó)際學(xué)生中心（I-Hub）為新生國(guó)際學(xué)生提供的幾項(xiàng)具體活動(dòng)，包括活動(dòng)的日期、時(shí)間、內(nèi)容以及參與方式等信息。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章ManhattanGroceryStoreHopping部分中的“Stillmissingdailyessentialsbutnotsurewheretobuythem?JoinusonatripandvisitgrocerystoresaroundtheWashingtonSquarecampuswithothernewinternationalstudents!Getinsidertipsonhowtostayunderbudgetwhenshoppingandwheretofindthebestdeals.(還在為缺少日常必需品而煩惱，但不知道去哪里買(mǎi)嗎？加入我們的旅程，與其他新生國(guó)際學(xué)生一起參觀華盛頓廣場(chǎng)校區(qū)周?chē)碾s貨店！獲取購(gòu)物時(shí)如何節(jié)省預(yù)算的內(nèi)幕秘訣，以及哪里能找到最優(yōu)惠的價(jià)格。)”可知，在ManhattanGroceryStoreHopping活動(dòng)中，學(xué)生可以與其他新生國(guó)際學(xué)生一起參觀雜貨店，并獲取購(gòu)物時(shí)如何節(jié)省預(yù)算的內(nèi)幕秘訣，以及哪里能找到最優(yōu)惠的價(jià)格，即獲得購(gòu)買(mǎi)建議。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章FantasticNightinConeyIsland部分中的“JoinfellowinternationalstudentsattheBrooklynCyclonesbaseballgame!It’stheperfectwaytospendanevening–cheeringwithpassionateaudienceandsoakingupthelivelyatmosphereatMaimonidesPark.Therewillalsobeafireworksshow!(加入其他國(guó)際學(xué)生，一起觀看布魯克林旋風(fēng)隊(duì)的棒球比賽！這是度過(guò)一個(gè)夜晚的完美方式——與熱情的觀眾一起歡呼，盡情享受梅蒙尼德斯公園里的熱鬧氛圍。還將有煙花表演！)”可知，在ConeyIsland的活動(dòng)中提到了觀看布魯克林旋風(fēng)隊(duì)的棒球比賽，這是體育迷會(huì)感興趣的活動(dòng)。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“TheInternationalStudentHub(I-Hub)isacentralizedandcomprehensivecenterforNewYorkUniversity’sinternationalstudentcommunity.HerearesomeactivitiesprovidedbyI-Hubfornewinternationalstudents.(國(guó)際學(xué)生中心（I-Hub）是紐約大學(xué)國(guó)際學(xué)生社區(qū)的集中且全面的服務(wù)中心。以下是I-Hub為新生國(guó)際學(xué)生提供的一些活動(dòng)。)”可知，這些活動(dòng)是由I-Hub為新生國(guó)際學(xué)生提供的。因此，這四個(gè)活動(dòng)的共同點(diǎn)是它們都是為新生國(guó)際學(xué)生設(shè)計(jì)的。故選D。BIswitchedtoaflipphone(翻蓋手機(jī)).Itvastlyimprovedmylife.IfeltemptyandfrustratedathowmuchtimeIspentonmysmartphone.SoIspentthelastfiveyearssteadilystrippingmyphonedowntothebasics.Socialmediawasthefirsttogo,thenemail,thennewsapps,andtheneveninternetbrowsers.Ilongconsideredswitchingtoaflipphone,butIalwaysfoundanexcusetostay.Ultimatelyitwastwoofmystudents,15-and18-year-oldsisters,whopushedmeovertheedge.Wordspreadaroundschoolthattheyhadboughtflipphones.Iftheywerebraveenoughtotaketheplunge,Icould,too.Ispent$9onaflipphone,plus$120forayearofunlimitedtalkandtextonanewnumber.Forthelastfivemonths,Ihaven’tcarriedasmartphonewithme,justmyflipphone.Thisisthecharming,romanticsideofowningaflipphone:moreconversations,moreeyecontact,moreconnection.Theseparationbetweenworkandlifeismuchmorenoticeable.Idon’toverthinkworkemailsallday,sinceInolongercarrymyworkemailinmypocket.Iamlivingmorelikemycreative,curious,phone-freechildren.Thisallsoundswonderfulbecauseitiswonderful.Andnowit’sconfessiontime:Istillhavemysmartphone.Asitturnsout,ouraddictiontosmartphonesisnotjustonanindividuallevel.Intentionallyornot,wehavebuiltstructuresthatdependuponsmartphoneaccess,makingitanessentialfeatureofmodernlife.Whilemostoftheflipphoneinconveniencesarecharming,someofthemaresofrustratingthattheymakeyouwanttopullyourhairout.Despitethat,IwillcontinuetouseaflipphoneasmyprimaryphonesoIdon’thavetocarryasmartphonewithme.AndIwillcontinuetoevangelizeforit.Ihopemanyothersgetflipphones.Wewillallbebetterforit.Ifnothingelse,it’llbenicetohavemorepeopletotalktointhegroceryline.4.Whatdrovetheauthortoswitchtoaflipphone?A.Disturbanceofsocialmedia.B.Overspenttimeonhissmartphone.C.Inspirationfromhisstudents.D.Negativefeelingstosmartphones.5.Whathappenedaftertheauthorusedaflipphone?A.Hegotlessworkassignments.B.Hehadmoreinteractionwithpeople.C.Hespentmoretimewithhischildren.D.Helivedamoreromanticlife.6.Whyisitdifficulttostopusingsmartphonescompletelynowadays?A.Theyserveasavitaltool.B.Theymakepeopleoverthink.C.Theyrepresentthemodernlife.D.Theybringpeoplemanyprofits.7.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A.Toadvisereaderstouseaflipphone.B.Toadvocatelivingwithoutasmartphone.C.Toinformreadersofaflipphone’sadvantages.D.Tostressthedisadvantagesofhavingasmartphone.【答案】4.C5.B6.A7.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章作者通過(guò)分享自己換成翻蓋手機(jī)的經(jīng)歷，表達(dá)了對(duì)現(xiàn)代科技生活方式的反思和對(duì)更簡(jiǎn)單、更專(zhuān)注于人際交往的生活方式的向往?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Ultimatelyitwastwoofmystudents,15-and18-year-oldsisters,whopushedmeovertheedge.Wordspreadaroundschoolthattheyhadboughtflipphones.Iftheywerebraveenoughtotaketheplunge,Icould,too.(最終，是我的兩名學(xué)生，一對(duì)15歲和18歲的姐妹，讓我下定了決心。學(xué)校里傳言她們買(mǎi)了翻蓋手機(jī)。如果她們有足夠的勇氣邁出這一步，我也可以。)”可知，作者兩個(gè)學(xué)生買(mǎi)了翻蓋手機(jī)這件事促使作者換成了翻蓋手機(jī)。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Thisisthecharming,romanticsideofowningaflipphone:moreconversations,moreeyecontact,moreconnection.(擁有翻蓋手機(jī)有著迷人且浪漫的一面：更多的交談，更多的眼神交流，更多的聯(lián)系。)”可知，作者在使用翻蓋手機(jī)后有了更多的交談、眼神交流和聯(lián)系，說(shuō)明他與人的互動(dòng)增多了。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Intentionallyornot,wehavebuiltstructuresthatdependuponsmartphoneaccess,makingitanessentialfeatureofmodernlife.(無(wú)論有意還是無(wú)意，我們已經(jīng)建立起了依賴智能手機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)，使其成為現(xiàn)代生活不可或缺的一部分。)”可知，智能手機(jī)現(xiàn)在是一個(gè)重要的工具，因此完全停止使用智能手機(jī)是很困難的。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Despitethat,IwillcontinuetouseaflipphoneasmyprimaryphonesoIdon’thavetocarryasmartphonewithme.AndIwillcontinuetoevangelizeforit.Ihopemanyothersgetflipphones.Wewillallbebetterforit.(盡管如此，我還是會(huì)繼續(xù)把翻蓋手機(jī)當(dāng)作主力手機(jī)使用，這樣我就不用隨身攜帶智能手機(jī)了。我會(huì)繼續(xù)為它代言。我希望更多人使用翻蓋手機(jī)。這對(duì)我們所有人都有好處。)”以及全文內(nèi)容可知，作者在文章中分享了自己換成翻蓋手機(jī)的經(jīng)歷，并強(qiáng)調(diào)了這種手機(jī)的好處，如更多的交談、眼神交流和聯(lián)系等。最后，作者表示將繼續(xù)使用翻蓋手機(jī)，并希望更多人也能使用翻蓋手機(jī)。因此，作者的目的是建議讀者使用翻蓋手機(jī)。故選A。CTheoaktreehasbeeninsouthernEnglandcontinuouslyfor12,000years.Butdoesithaveafuture?By2050,London’sweathercouldresemblethatofBarcelona,withlongstretchesofsummerdrought.Theseancienttreeswerenotdesignedtothriveinsuchconditions.Aroundtheworld,millionsofcreaturesfacingunprecedentedtemperaturesandhabitatlossareonthemove.Wedonottendtothinkoftreesasmigratory:theyareslow-growingandrootedtotheground.Facedwiththisproblem,theecologistCharlieGardnerisoneofagrowingnumberproposingaradical,controversialsolution:wehelpthetreesontheirmarch.Somescientistsadvocatemovingindividualspecieshundredsofkilo-metresnorth,withinthecountryandfromabroad.Otherssayentireecosystemsshouldbetrans-located,movingmultiplespeciesatonce.The“assistedmigration”isdivisive.Conservationistshavelongarguedagainstintroducingnon-nativespecies.Theyhaveconcernsaboutunintendedconsequencesofassistedmigration.“Large-scalemovingofecosystemscan’tbeundone(撤銷(xiāo)),soshouldbeverymuchalastchoice,”saidAndrewAllenfromtheWoodlandTrust.Allenbelievesweshouldprioritisehelpingnativetreesadapttochangesbyencouragingnaturalregeneration,expandingandconnectingexistingwoodlands.Butotherssaythoseargumentsfailtodealwithspeedorsizeofchangecausedbytheclimatecrisis.“Earlierinmycareerthenarrativewasallaboutrestoringpastbaselines,andthen,asIgotmoreindependentinmyresearch,Irealisedthat’simpossible.Wearechangingtheclimatesomuch,sowehavetobealittlemoreinventive.Whenwehaveexamplesofassistedmigration,it’softenwithspecieswhichareabsolutelyontheedgeofextinctionandhaverunoutofotheroptions,”saidSarahDalrymple,aconservationecologistfromLiverpoolUniversity,whoispartofthetaskforce.Shewantstoseeassistedmigrationexploredearlier,workingwithspeciesbeforetheirpopulationsbecomesosmall.“Youcannevergetridofalltherisks,butthereisalsoriskininaction,”shesaid.“Theriskofinactionisincreasingeveryday.”8.WhatistheproblemfacingancienttreesinLondon?A.Longsummer. B.Habitatdestruction.C.Extremeweather. D.Slowgrowth.9.WhichofthefollowingstatementsmayAndrewAllenagreewith?A.Large-scalemovingofecosystemsisimpossible.B.Assistedmigrationmaycontributetobadresults.C.Non-nativespeciesarebeneficialtoecosystems.D.Nativespeciescansurvivechangesbythemselves.10.WhatdoesSarahDalrympleurgepeopletodointhelastparagraph?A.Stopchangingtheclimate.B.Havemoreoptionstohelpspecies.C.Helpnativetreestoadapttoclimatechanges.D.Takeactionearliertopreventspecies’extinction.11.Whatmightbetheauthor’sattitudetowardsassistedmigration?A.Supportive. B.Cautious. C.Objective. D.Doubtful.【答案】8.C9.B10.D11.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要講述了關(guān)于古樹(shù)未來(lái)生存問(wèn)題的爭(zhēng)議，包括是否應(yīng)該通過(guò)輔助遷移來(lái)幫助古樹(shù)應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化帶來(lái)的挑戰(zhàn)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段中“By2050,London’sweathercouldresemblethatofBarcelona,withlongstretchesofsummerdrought.Theseancienttreeswerenotdesignedtothriveinsuchconditions.(到2050年，倫敦的天氣可能會(huì)像巴塞羅那一樣，夏季干旱會(huì)持續(xù)很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。這些古樹(shù)本來(lái)就不適合在這樣的條件下茁壯成長(zhǎng)。)”可知，倫敦的古樹(shù)面臨的問(wèn)題是極端天氣。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第四段中“Conservationistshavelongarguedagainstintroducingnon-nativespecies.Theyhaveconcernsaboutunintendedconsequencesofassistedmigration.“Large-scalemovingofecosystemscan’tbeundone(撤銷(xiāo)),soshouldbeverymuchalastchoice,”saidAndrewAllenfromtheWoodlandTrust.(自然資源保護(hù)主義者長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)一直反對(duì)引進(jìn)非本地物種。他們擔(dān)心輔助移民會(huì)帶來(lái)意想不到的后果。林地信托基金會(huì)的安德魯·艾倫說(shuō)：“生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的大規(guī)模遷移無(wú)法逆轉(zhuǎn)，因此應(yīng)該是最后的選擇?！?”可知，安德魯·艾倫可能同意輔助遷移可能帶來(lái)不良后果這一觀點(diǎn)。故選B。【10題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章最后一段中“Shewantstoseeassistedmigrationexploredearlier,workingwithspeciesbeforetheirpopulationsbecomesosmall.“Youcannevergetridofalltherisks,butthereisalsoriskininaction,”shesaid.“Theriskofinactionisincreasingeveryday.”(她希望能更早地探索輔助遷徙，在物種數(shù)量變得如此之小之前與它們一起工作?！澳阌肋h(yuǎn)不可能消除所有的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，但不作為也有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，”她說(shuō)?！安蛔鳛榈娘L(fēng)險(xiǎn)每天都在增加?！?”可知，薩拉·達(dá)爾林普爾在最后一段中敦促人們盡早采取行動(dòng)以防止物種滅絕。故選D。11題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是根據(jù)第一段“TheoaktreehasbeeninsouthernEnglandcontinuouslyfor12,000years.Butdoesithaveafuture?(橡樹(shù)在英格蘭南部已經(jīng)連續(xù)生長(zhǎng)了12000年。但它有未來(lái)嗎？)”和第四段中“The“assistedmigration”isdivisive.Conservationistshavelongarguedagainstintroducingnon-nativespecies.Theyhaveconcernsaboutunintendedconsequencesofassistedmigration.“Large-scalemovingofecosystemscan’tbeundone(撤銷(xiāo)),soshouldbeverymuchalastchoice,”saidAndrewAllenfromtheWoodlandTrust.Allenbelievesweshouldprioritisehelpingnativetreesadapttochangesbyencouragingnaturalregeneration,expandingandconnectingexistingwoodlands.(“輔助移民”存在分歧。自然資源保護(hù)主義者長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)一直反對(duì)引進(jìn)非本地物種。他們擔(dān)心輔助移民會(huì)帶來(lái)意想不到的后果。林地信托基金會(huì)的安德魯·艾倫說(shuō)：“生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的大規(guī)模遷移無(wú)法逆轉(zhuǎn)，因此應(yīng)該是最后的選擇。”艾倫認(rèn)為，我們應(yīng)該通過(guò)鼓勵(lì)自然再生、擴(kuò)大和連接現(xiàn)有林地來(lái)優(yōu)先幫助本地樹(shù)木適應(yīng)變化。)”、最后一段中“Shewantstoseeassistedmigrationexploredearlier,workingwithspeciesbeforetheirpopulationsbecomesosmall.“Youcannevergetridofalltherisks,butthereisalsoriskininaction,”shesaid.“Theriskofinactionisincreasingeveryday.”(她希望能更早地探索輔助遷徙，在物種數(shù)量變得如此之小之前與它們一起工作。“你永遠(yuǎn)不可能消除所有的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，但不作為也有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，”她說(shuō)。“不作為的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)每天都在增加?！?”可知，文章首先提出倫敦的古樹(shù)是否還有未來(lái)的問(wèn)題，接著指出氣候變化對(duì)古樹(shù)的影響，然后介紹了關(guān)于輔助遷移的不同觀點(diǎn)，包括其爭(zhēng)議性和支持者的理由。文章并沒(méi)有明確表達(dá)支持或反對(duì)的立場(chǎng)，而是客觀地呈現(xiàn)了不同觀點(diǎn)和論據(jù)。因此，作者對(duì)于輔助遷移的態(tài)度可能是客觀的。故選C。DInastudypublishedinPersonalityandSocialPsychologyBulletin,researchersfoundthatpeopletendtoturndownoffersof“freemoney,”aswellasunusuallyhighsalariesorsuspiciouslycheapservices,becausetheyseem“toogoodtobetrue.”Intheinitialexperiment,nearly40percentofparticipantsateacookieofferedfreely–comparedwithabout20percentofthoseoffered$5aswell.Ninefurtherexperiments,involvingmorethan4,000participants,usedonlinequestionnairestopresentotherscenarios.Theseincludedbeingofferedmoneytoacceptaridehome,extremelyhighconstruction-jobwagesandsurprisinglycheapflights.Ineachcase,pastacertainpoint,higherpotentialmonetarygainreducedparticipants’likelihoodofacceptingtheoffer.ThestudyleadauthorVonaschsaysitillustratesthatcontrarytothe“standardeconomicmodel,”whichsupposeshumansalwaysseektomaximizegains,transactionsneedtoalsobeunderstoodassocialinteractionsbetweenpeopletryingtounderstandeachother’sminds.Ifsomeoneseemstobreakacceptedrules,suchasself-interest,withoutanyexplanation,weassumetheyhavehiddenmotivesandinfertherewillbe“phantomcosts”–imaginedconsequencesthatreducewhatVonaschcallsanoffer’s“psychologicalvalue.”Factorsbeyondthepresentmomentmaycomeintoplay.“Understandingthatothers’perceivedover-generositymayputusintheirdebtcouldalsohelpexplainpeople’sreluctance,”saysRachelMcCloy,apsychologistatEngland’sUniversityofReading.Theresearchersalsoshowedhowtomitigatetheeffect:simplyprovideareasonforthedeal.The“cheapflights”experimentincludedaconditionwheretheseatswererevealedtobeveryuncomfortable.“Uncomfortableseatsaren’ttypicallyasellingpoint,”Vonaschsays.“Buttellingpeopletheseatswereuncomfortablemadethemmorewillingtotakethembecauseitwassufficientexplanation.”Thescientistsarenowexperimentingwithwhetherphantomcostsplayintohumans’interactionswithrobotsandartificialintelligence.“IfAIisoverlygenerous,willpeopleimaginephantomcosts?”Vonaschsays.“PeopletendtotreatAIasiftheyhaveamind,whenobviouslytheydon’t.”12.Accordingtoparagraph2,theexperimentsmainlyfocusonpeople’s.A.Thinkingmethod. B.Decisionmaking.C.Financialcondition. D.Potentialability.13.Whydoestheauthormention“standardeconomicmodel”?A.Toexplaintheexperimentsfurther. B.Toclarifyapsychologicalconcept.C.Toprovideevidenceforthestudy. D.Toexpressdoubtontheexperiments.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mitigate”inparagraph4probablymean?A.Analyse. B.Improve. C.Measure. D.Lessen.15.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Phantomcosts:Where“standardeconomicmodel”doesn’twork.B.Phantomcosts:Whetherpeople’slikelihoodofacceptinganofferreduces.C.Phantomcosts:Why“toogoodtobetrue”scarespeopleoff.D.Phantomcosts:Howimaginedconsequencespreventhiddenmotives.【答案】12.B13.A14.D15.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述了人們面對(duì)看似異常優(yōu)惠的報(bào)價(jià)時(shí)，因懷疑其真實(shí)性而傾向于拒絕的心理現(xiàn)象，并解釋了背后的心理學(xué)原理?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第二段“Intheinitialexperiment,nearly40percentofparticipantsateacookieofferedfreely–comparedwithabout20percentofthoseoffered$5aswell.Ninefurtherexperiments,involvingmorethan4,000participants,usedonlinequestionnairestopresentotherscenarios.Theseincludedbeingofferedmoneytoacceptaridehome,extremelyhighconstruction-jobwagesandsurprisinglycheapflights.Ineachcase,pastacertainpoint,higherpotentialmonetarygainreducedparticipants’likelihoodofacceptingtheoffer.(在最初的實(shí)驗(yàn)中，近40%的參與者吃了免費(fèi)提供的餅干，相比之下，提供5美元的參與者中約有20%吃了餅干。另外九項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)，涉及4000多名參與者，使用在線問(wèn)卷來(lái)呈現(xiàn)其他場(chǎng)景。這些條件包括給錢(qián)讓他們搭車(chē)回家，極高的建筑工作工資，以及便宜得驚人的機(jī)票。在每種情況下，超過(guò)某一點(diǎn)，更高的潛在金錢(qián)收益降低了參與者接受提議的可能性。)”可知，實(shí)驗(yàn)主要關(guān)注人們的決策過(guò)程，即“決策制定”。故選B。【13題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“ThestudyleadauthorVonaschsaysitillustratesthatcontrarytothe“standardeconomicmodel,”whichsupposeshumansalwaysseektomaximizegains,transactionsneedtoalsobeunderstoodassocialinteractionsbetweenpeopletryingtounderstandeachother’sminds.Ifsomeoneseemstobreakacceptedrules,suchasself-interest,withoutanyexplanation,weassumetheyhavehiddenmotivesandinfertherewillbe“phantomcosts”–imaginedconsequencesthatreducewhatVonaschcallsanoffer’s“psychologicalvalue.”(該研究的主要作者Vonasch說(shuō)，這表明，與“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)經(jīng)濟(jì)模型”相反，交易也需要被理解為人們?cè)噲D了解彼此思想的社會(huì)互動(dòng)?！皹?biāo)準(zhǔn)經(jīng)濟(jì)模型”假設(shè)人類(lèi)總是尋求利益最大化。如果有人似乎違反了公認(rèn)的規(guī)則，比如自利，而沒(méi)有任何解釋?zhuān)覀兙蜁?huì)假設(shè)他們有隱藏的動(dòng)機(jī)，并推斷會(huì)有“幻影成本”——想象的后果會(huì)降低Vonasch所說(shuō)的報(bào)價(jià)的“心理價(jià)值”。)”可知，作者在第三段中提到“standardeconomicmodel”是為了進(jìn)一步解釋實(shí)驗(yàn)，幫助讀者理解人們的決策過(guò)程。故選A?！?4題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段中“Factorsbeyondthepresentmomentmaycomeintoplay.“Understandingthatothers’perceivedover-generositymayputusintheirdebtcouldalsohelpexplainpeople’sreluctance,”saysRachelMcCloy,apsychologistatEngland’sUniversityofReading.Theresearchersalsoshowedhowtomitigatetheeffect:simplyprovideareasonforthedeal.(當(dāng)下以外的因素可能會(huì)起作用。英國(guó)雷丁大學(xué)的心理學(xué)家雷切爾·麥克洛伊說(shuō)：“理解別人的過(guò)度慷慨可能會(huì)讓我們虧欠他們，這也有助于解釋人們的不情愿。”研究人員還展示了如何mitigate這種影響：簡(jiǎn)單地提供一個(gè)交易的理由。)”可知，理解別人的過(guò)度慷慨可能會(huì)讓我們虧欠他們，這也有助于解釋人們的不情愿，簡(jiǎn)單地提供一個(gè)交易的理由是為了減輕這種影響，因此mitigate在這里的意思是“減少，減輕”。A.Analyse分析；B.Improve改進(jìn)；C.Measure測(cè)量；D.Lessen減少，減輕。故選D?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是由文章第一段“InastudypublishedinPersonalityandSocialPsychologyBulletin,researchersfoundthatpeopletendtoturndownoffersof“freemoney,”aswellasunusuallyhighsalariesorsuspiciouslycheapservices,becausetheyseem“toogoodtobetrue.”(在《人格與社會(huì)心理學(xué)公報(bào)》上發(fā)表的一項(xiàng)研究中，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，人們傾向于拒絕“免費(fèi)的錢(qián)”，以及異常高的薪水或可疑的廉價(jià)服務(wù)，因?yàn)樗鼈兛雌饋?lái)“好得令人難以置信”。)”可知，文章主要介紹了人們面對(duì)看似“好得令人難以置信”的報(bào)價(jià)時(shí)的心理反應(yīng)，即因?yàn)閾?dān)心存在隱藏的代價(jià)而拒絕接受。選項(xiàng)C“Phantomcosts:Why‘toogoodtobetrue’scarespeopleoff(幻影成本：為什么“好得令人難以置信”會(huì)嚇跑人們。)”準(zhǔn)確地概括了文章的主旨，符合題意。故選C。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Sometimesitcanfeellikeyourheadistoocluttered.Withwork,school,orabusyschedule,thingsareboundtogetjumbled(亂糟糟的)everyonceandawhile!___16___Fromfocusingtojournaling,we’llteachyouhowtomindfullydistractyourselffromworryingthoughts.Focusonthepresentmoment.Practicemindfulnessdailytohelpclearyourmindandbemorefocused.Mindfulnessisallaboutlettingallotherthoughtscomeandgo.Observeyourthoughtsandfeelingswithoutjudgement,asifyou’reanoutsiderinyourownmind.___17___Takeawalk.___18___Whenyou’rebeingmindful,you’refullyengaginginthepresentmoment,lettingfeelingscomeandgoasyoufocusonwhat’sinfrontofyou.Combiningthisstateofmindwithwalkingproducesanextraspecialstressrelieverthatimprovesmentalandphysicalhealth.Tryschedulingawalkaroundtheblock,onthetreadmill,orthroughalocalparkeveryday.___19___Takeamomenttobreatheandcomebacktothepresentmoment.Lifecaneasilybecomego,go,go,andintheprocess,youcaneasilyforgettobreathe.Settlingdownwhereveryouaretotakecontrolledbreathscancalmyourracingmindandheartbeat,helpingyoufeelmorerelaxed.Journalyourthoughts.Writingdownyourworriescanhelpyousortthroughthem.Tryreachingforanotebookorphonewhenamillionthoughtsareracingthroughyourmind.___20___Journalingcanhelpyoubemoreawareofyouremotionsandreflectonwhat’stroublingyou.A.Dodeepbreathingexercises.B.Takeamomenttoslowdown.C.Movingyourbodymindfullycanhelpthingsseemclearer.D.Butyoucandosomethingtoclearyourmindandcalmthingsdown.E.Setdowneverythingthatcomestomind,lettingallpouroutontothepage.F.Thenletthosethoughtsandfeelingsgoandfocusonwhatyou’recurrentlydoinginstead.G.Herearesometipsonhowtoprotectyourheadfrombraininjuryandthenstartyourwork.【答案】16.D17.F18.C19.A20.E【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要圍繞如何清理思緒、緩解壓力的主題，給出了一系列實(shí)用的建議和方法，如專(zhuān)注于當(dāng)下、出去散步、做深呼吸練習(xí)和記日記等?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“Sometimesitcanfeellikeyourheadistoocluttered.Withwork,school,orabusyschedule,thingsareboundtogetjumbled(亂糟糟的)everyonceandawhile!(有時(shí)你會(huì)覺(jué)得自己的頭腦過(guò)于混亂。由于工作、學(xué)業(yè)或繁忙的日程，事情難免有時(shí)會(huì)變得一團(tuán)糟！)”可知，上文提出有時(shí)候由于繁忙的日程，我們常會(huì)覺(jué)得自己非?；靵y。選項(xiàng)D“Butyoucandosomethingtoclearyourmindandcalmthingsdown.(但是你可以做一些事情來(lái)清理思緒并平靜下來(lái)。)”延續(xù)上文內(nèi)容，指出當(dāng)我們覺(jué)得混亂的時(shí)候，我們可以做一些事情來(lái)理清思緒。并自然引出下文內(nèi)容，即具體的解決措施。故選D?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“Mindfulnessisallaboutlettingallotherthoughtscomeandgo.Observeyourthoughtsandfeelingswithoutjudgement,asifyou’reanoutsiderinyourownmind.(正念就是任由其他所有思緒來(lái)來(lái)去去。不帶評(píng)判地觀察你的想法和感受，就好像你是自己思想中的局外人一樣。)”可知，上文提出正念的概念。選項(xiàng)F“Thenletthosethoughtsandfeelingsgoandfocusonwhatyou’recurrentlydoinginstead.(然后讓那些想法和感受過(guò)去，專(zhuān)注于你目前正在做的事情。)”自然延續(xù)上文內(nèi)容，提出我們先不帶評(píng)判地觀察你的想法和感受，然后讓那些想法和感受過(guò)去，專(zhuān)注于你目前正在做的事情。故選F?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)空后內(nèi)容“Whenyou’rebeingmindful,you’refullyengaginginthepresentmoment,lettingfeelingscomeandgoasyoufocusonwhat’sinfrontofyou.(當(dāng)你專(zhuān)注于當(dāng)下時(shí)，你完全沉浸在現(xiàn)在的時(shí)刻，讓感覺(jué)隨著你的注意力集中在眼前的事物上。)”可推測(cè)，空處和專(zhuān)注當(dāng)下有關(guān)。選項(xiàng)C“Movingyourbodymindfullycanhelpthingsseemclearer.(有意識(shí)地移動(dòng)你的身體可以讓事情看起來(lái)更清晰。)”與下文內(nèi)容相符，指出有意識(shí)的做某件事可以讓我們更清晰地看待當(dāng)下。故選C?！?9題詳解】空處為段首句，為本段主要內(nèi)容。根據(jù)下文“Takeamomenttobreatheandcomebacktothepresentmoment.Lifecaneasilybecomego,go,go,andintheprocess,youcaneasilyforgettobreathe.Settlingdownwhereveryouaretotakecontrolledbreathscancalmyourracingmindandheartbeat,helpingyoufeelmorerelaxed.(花點(diǎn)時(shí)間停下來(lái)深呼吸，回到當(dāng)下。生活很容易變得匆匆忙忙，在這個(gè)過(guò)程中，你很容易忘記呼吸。無(wú)論你身在何處，坐下來(lái)進(jìn)行有控制的呼吸可以平靜你狂亂的思想和心跳，幫助你感到更放松。)”可知，本段主要建議讀者要做呼吸練習(xí)。選項(xiàng)A“Dodeepbreathingexercises.(做深呼吸練習(xí)。)”是本段的主要內(nèi)容。故選A?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“Writingdownyourworriescanhelpyousortthroughthem.Tryreachingforanotebookorphonewhenamillionthoughtsareracingthroughyourmind.(把你的想法寫(xiě)下來(lái)可以幫助你整理它們。當(dāng)腦海中思緒萬(wàn)千時(shí)，試著伸手去拿筆記本或手機(jī)。)”可知，上文建議我們將自己的想法寫(xiě)下來(lái)。選項(xiàng)E“Setdowneverythingthatcomestomind,lettingallpouroutontothepage.(把想到的一切都寫(xiě)下來(lái)，讓它們?nèi)績(jī)A瀉到紙上。)”與上文內(nèi)容相符，建議我們將自己想到的一切都寫(xiě)下來(lái)。故選E。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Mystorywithmycatstartedmanyyearsago,andnowIhavetopreparetobidfarewelltoher.Itwas2003andachildhood___21___wasstationedatFortBragg,inNorthCarolinawhereshewasinthe82ndAirborneDivision(空降師).Shewasdonejumpingoutofplanesfortheday,___22___thebase,whensheheardmeowingcomingfromawarehouse.Inside,she___23___astray(流浪的)cat,proudbutdirty,anddecidedtotakeherhome.Soon,thecatwas___24___.Oneday,myfriende-mailedmeaphotographofthelittlelovelykittens,arrangedonherlaps.She___25___,“Don’tyouwanttohavethem?”Afewweekslater,thekittenswere___26___ontothebackseatofaJeepanddrivennorth.Twoweredroppedoffatmyparents’house,andonewithmeatmystudioapartment.Thefamily___27___wasthattheseweremilitary-gradecats,sincetheirmomwasfromthebase!Gradually,Ibecame___28___tomycat.