統(tǒng)考版2025屆高考英語二輪復習備考小題提升精練5代詞和名詞含解析

PAGE代詞和名詞小題必練5小題必練5：代詞和名詞?？伎键c：人稱代詞(主格/賓格)反身代詞名詞性物主代詞?？嫉牟欢ù~指示代詞I/memyselfmineother/anotherthis/thatyouyourself/yourselvesyoursboth/neither/eitherhe/himhimselfhisall/noneshe/herherselfhersnothing/nobodythese/thoseititselfitseverything/everybodywe/usourselvesoursanything/anybodythey/themthemselvestheirssomething/somebody名詞復數(shù)改變：狀況構成方法讀音示例一般狀況加-s清輔音后/s/；濁輔音和元音后讀/z/map—mapsbag—bags以s，ss，x，sh等結尾的詞加-es-es讀/iz/bus—busesclass—classes以-f或-fe結尾的名詞多數(shù)將-f和-fe變v加-es-ves讀/vz/wife—wivesleaf—leavesshelf—shelvesknife—kniveswolf—wolvesthief—thieveshalf—halveslife—lives以元音字母+y結尾的名詞(AEIOU)干脆加-s-s讀/z/boy—boysday—daysmonkey—monkeysholiday—holidaystoy-toyskey—keys以輔音字母+y結尾的非專出名詞變y為i再加es-s讀/z/library—librariesfamily—familieshobby—hobbies以輔音字母+o結尾的名詞一般加-es-es讀/z/Negro—Negroeshero—heroestomato—tomatoespotato—potatoesmango—mangoes以元音字母+o結尾的名詞加-s-s讀/z/zoo—zoosphoto—photoskangaroo—kangaroosbamboo—bamboosradio—radiospiano—pianos單復數(shù)同形名詞保持不變deer—deersheep—sheepfish—fishpeople—peopleChinese—ChineseEnglishJapanese—JapaneseVietnamese—VietnameseSwissPortugueseLebanese表示某國人名詞的復數(shù)表示某國人名詞的復數(shù)human—humansGerman—GermansRussian—RussianAmerican—AmericansItalian—ItaliansIndian—IndiansCanadian—CanadiansAustralian—AustraliansSwede—Swedes無連字號復合名詞以后面名詞變復數(shù)規(guī)律保持一樣mooncake—mooncakesbookcase—bookcasesarmchair—armchairstoothpick—toothpickshousewife—housewivesgentleman—gentlemenbookshelf—bookshelvesstopwatch—stopwatcheswineglass—wineglassesbirthday—birthdaysblackboard—blackboardsgreenhouse—greenhouses第一個名詞是man，woman的復合名詞兩者都要變復數(shù)manteacher—menteacherswomandoctor—womendoctors男人/女人做定語修飾名詞，兩者都須要變復數(shù)以f，fe結尾特別名詞干脆在詞尾加sroof—roofschief—chiefsserf—serfsreef—reefshoof—hoofscliff—cliffsgulf—gulfsbelief—beliefsproof—proofs改內(nèi)部雙元音及其它字母的名詞復數(shù)以及一些外來詞名詞加ren或者加en.man—menwoman—womenox—oxenchild—childrengoose—geesetooth—teethfoot—feetmouse—micelouse—licebasis-bases1.（2024·浙江卷1月）ForJapan,the(number)aremorestriking—22in1950,46todayand53in2050.【答案】numbers【解析】考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：對日原來說，這個數(shù)字更加驚人——1950年是22歲，今日是46歲，2050年是53歲。number為可數(shù)名詞表示“數(shù)字”，且依據(jù)下文are可知主語應用復數(shù)形式，故填numbers。2.（2024·全國III卷）Filledwith(curious),theartistpackedhisbagsandleft.【答案】curiosity【解析】考查名詞。句意：懷著新奇心，藝術家整理行囊離開了。with為介詞，后跟名詞curiosity作賓語，表示新奇心。故填curiosity。3.（2024·全國II卷）ChineseNewYearisa(celebrate)markingtheendofthewinterseasonandthebeginningofspring.【答案】celebration【解析】考查名詞。由設空處前a，可推斷此處需填名詞形式，且為單數(shù)形式，故填celebration。4.（2024·全國I卷）Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticular(interesting)toscientistsbecauseithasalotofdeepcraters(環(huán)形山).【答案】interest【解析】考查名詞。依據(jù)beof+名詞相當于形容詞的結構，可知此處應用名詞，故填interest。5.（2024·全國I卷）Dataaboutthemoon’scomposition,suchashowmuchiceandothertreasuresitcontains,couldhelpChinadecidewhether(it)plansforafuturelunar(月球的)basearepractical.【答案】its【解析】考查代詞。分析句子可知，此處指它的安排，名詞plans可知空格處應用it的形容詞性物主代詞，故填its。6.Nervouslyfacingchallenges,IknowIwillwhisperto_____(I)thetwosimplewords“Beyourself”.【答案】myself【解析】句意：驚慌地面對挑戰(zhàn)，我知道我將輕聲對自己說四個簡潔的字——做你自己。本句的主語是I，當賓語與主語是同一人稱時，賓語要用反身代詞。故填myself。7.Likeuniversitystudents,UShighschoolstudentshavethefreedomtochoosethecoursesthatmostinterest(they).【答案】them【解析】分析句子可知，interest為定語從句的謂語，后接人稱代詞賓格做賓語。故填them。8.LastOctober,whiletendinghergarden,shepulledoutahandfulofsmall(carrot)andwasabouttothrowthemaway.【答案】carrots【解析】考查名詞單復數(shù)。依據(jù)上文的ahandfulof可知，此處表示一把小胡蘿卜，所以應用carrot的復數(shù)形式。9.Onceinaspeechthe64-year-olddirectorsharedhisideaabouthowtomaketraditional______(treasure)comealiveagain.【答案】treasures【解析】考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：在一次演講中，這位64歲的導演共享了他關于如何讓傳統(tǒng)寶藏重新煥發(fā)朝氣的想法。treasure為可數(shù)名詞，此處表示數(shù)量不止一個，故填名詞復數(shù)treasures。10.Thenhestartedtobuildmoreandmorekindsof(model).【答案】models【解析】考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：然后他起先建立越來越多的模型。model為可數(shù)名詞，且依據(jù)上文moreandmorekindsof可知應填名詞的復數(shù)形式models?！炯记牲c撥】當句子缺主語或賓語時，填代詞：人稱代詞主格和賓格、指示代詞或it。因為充當主語或賓語的應是名詞或代詞，而在語法填空的純空格中一般是不要求考生填名詞的，所以只要句子缺主語或賓語，就填代詞。此時，要依據(jù)前后語境，看該空格是指人還是事物，指男還是指女，是單數(shù)還是復數(shù)。除人稱代詞外，也有可能是填不定代詞等。還有可能是填作形式主語或形式賓語的it，替代后面作真正的主語或賓語的不定式、動名詞或從句。解題技巧如下：第一步：分析句子結構。若句子缺主語，則要填代詞主格、指示代詞、不定代詞或it；若動詞或介詞后面缺賓語，則要填代詞的賓格、指示代詞、不定代詞或it。假如該賓格與主語是同一人，應用反身代詞。其次步：理解句子意思。依據(jù)各個代詞的意義和用法，以及句子所需的意義，填入合適的代詞。一、單句語法填空1.Ifyouaretimepoor,youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefitsasothersports,soperhapsweshouldallgiveatry.【答案】it/running【解析】句意：假如你時間不足夠，你只須要花費其他運動一半的時間跑步便可獲得同樣的結果，因此我們應當試一試跑步。設空處作give的賓語，需填名詞或代詞，可用it代替上文中的running或干脆填running作賓語。Whensomeoneknockedatthedoor.Ididn’taskwhowas.【答案】it【解析】考查代詞。句意：當有人敲門時，我沒有問是誰。it用來指代身份不明的人，故填it。However,therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccessandwithinsixmonths,morethan25,000peoplewereusingeveryday.【答案】it【解析】it指代therailway。WhenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachother,Iwasjustgladtofind(they)alive.【答案】them【解析】設空處指代從句中的thegorillas以避開重復，故填them。Huawei,isoneofChina’smajorsmartphone(make).【答案】makers【解析】考查名詞。oneof后接可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)，表示制造商，故用makers。Withitsrapid(grow),Chinahasbeendisplayinganincreasinglygreatinfluencewhenfittinginwiththeworld.【答案】growth【解析】考查名詞。形容詞rapid修飾名詞，故用growth。Dolly’sappearanceraisedastormof(object)andhadagreatimpactonthemediaandpublicimagination.【答案】objection(s)【解析】考查名詞。此處指Dolly的出現(xiàn)引起了巨大的反對風暴。依據(jù)語境和空前的of可知，此處應填名詞形式，又因objection可作可數(shù)名詞也可作不行數(shù)名詞，且空前無限定詞修飾，故填objection(s)。occurredtomethatthephonenumberIhadtoldthemwaswrong.【答案】It【解析】考查形式主語It。句意：我突然想到我告知他們的電話號碼是錯誤的。Itoccurredtosb.that...：某人突然想到……。分析句子可知that引導主語從句，用It作形式主語，故填It。IwonderedifIcouldhavean(appoint)withthedoctorthefollowingday.【答案】appointment【解析】考查固定短語。句意：我想知道我能否在其次天和醫(yī)生預約。haveanappointmentwithsb.：和某人有個約會。不定冠詞后接可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，故填appointment。10.Itarousedanargumentoverwhetherwasmoraltoclonehumanbeings.【答案】it【解析】考查代詞。依據(jù)語境并分析句子結構可知，該空應填it作形式主語，后面的toclonehumanbeings為真正的主語。二、語法填空Passage1Pinyinisasuccessfultool,which1(teach)inChinatoschoolkids.Itisnotmerelyusedbywesternerslikeus.IthasprovedtobeausefultoolforChinesepeople2(they)tolearnstandardpronunciationintheirearlyeducation.Thefirststepistolearnhow3(pronounce)eachletterinpinyincorrectlyandthemeaningofthetonemarkers.Thenyouhavetodo4(drill)asmanyasyoucan.Turnthatintoagame.Itcanbe5(much)funthanyouwouldexpect.Start6singlesyllablesanddothatalotandthensyllablepairs.Slowlymoveontolargergroups.Understandtheinitial,finalandthetones.Butmostimportantly,7youneedisgoodfeedback.You’dbetterhavesomeonethatcancorrectyourmistakesimmediately.FindanativeChinese,8canlistentoyouandcorrectyou.IfyoutakeChineseclasses,theteacherwill9(probable)haveyoudodrillseveryclass.Dothisveryseriously.Ifyouareself-studying,trytomeetnativeChinesepeopleandaskthemtogiveyousomefeedback.Otherwise,trytobeself-criticalandlistenverycarefully.Good10(listen)ismorethan50%ofwhatittakestopronouncecorrectly.【答案】1.istaught 2.themselves 3.topronounce 4.drills 5.more6.with 7.what 8.who 9.probably 10.listening【解析】這是一篇說明文。短文就如何學習好中國的拼音提出了一些建議。1.考查一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。分析句子可知，tool為先行詞，在后面的非限制性定語從句中作主語，且與謂語teach為被動。因為本句在介紹“拼音”，所以本句為一般現(xiàn)在時。故填istaught。2.考查反身代詞。分析句子可知，拼音已被證明是中國人在早期教化中學習標準發(fā)音的有用工具。所以Chinesepeople與they的反身代詞為同位關系，所以填反身代詞themselves。故填themselves。3.考查動詞不定式。howtodosth在句中作learn的賓語。故填topronounce。4.考查名詞復數(shù)。drill為可數(shù)名詞，由“asmanyas”可知，應填drill的復數(shù)。故填drills。5.考查形容詞比較級。由“than”可知，應填much的比較級more。故填more。6.考查介詞。Startwith“以……起先”為固定短語且符合句意。故填with。7.考查連接代詞。分析句子可知，本句為主語從句，主語為we，謂語為need，所以用what作need的賓語。what在名詞性從句中肯定做成分，而且常做主語、賓語、表語或者定語。故填what。8.考查關系代詞。分析句子可知，anativeChinese為先行詞，在后面的非限制性定語從句中作主語。所以關系代詞為who。故填who。9.考查副詞。probably為副詞修飾動詞have。故填probably。10.考查名詞。Good為形容詞修飾名詞listening。故填listening。Passage2OnthewaytothetrainstationInoticed11mobilephoneonthestreet.Itseemedbrokenwiththebattery(電池)out.Idecidedtopickitupandtrytoputittogethertoseeifitworked.It12(do)!Ichoseanumberfromthecontactlistandfoundawomanwho13(lucky)knewtheownersoIcalledhertoletherknowIhadthephone.Shecouldn’treachhersoIaskedastationguardforhelp;buthewasnotallowedtokeepthephone.After15minutes,Iworriedaboutmytrain,14(think)whattodo.Suddenlyamancalledthephone.Itwastheowner’shusband!Iexplainedandhecouldn’tbelieveit.Heasked15Icouldpleasewaitforhim,soIdid.Hecametothestationinafew16(minute)andsoonafterhiswifearrived.Thelookon17(they)facesmadeitallworthit.I’dmissedmytrainbutfeltsohappytohavehelped.Theyoffered18(buy)meflowersorgivemesomething,19Irefused.Ithankedthemforitandtoldthemtheirbeingso20(please)andgratefulwasmorethanenoughforme.【答案】11.a 12.did 13.luckily 14.thinking 15.if/whether16.minutes 17.their 18.tobuy 19.but 20.pleased【解析】這是一篇記敘文。作者撿到一部手機，經(jīng)過一番周折，最終找到了手機的主子，并將其歸還。11.考查冠詞。本句是講“我”在大街上看到一部手機，表示泛指，且mobile的發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭，因此用不定冠詞a。12.考查時態(tài)。依據(jù)文章第一句話可知，本文敘述的是發(fā)生在過去的事情，故要用一般過去時did。13.考查副詞。該空修飾動詞knew，應用副詞luckily。14.考查非謂語動詞。think和主語I是邏輯上的主謂關系，故該空填thinking。15.考查名詞性從句。空處引導賓語從句，作asked的賓語，且意為是否，故該空應填if/whether。16.考查名詞復數(shù)。依據(jù)句中的afew可知此處用名詞的復數(shù)形式minutes。17.考查代詞?？仗幮揎椕~faces，故應用形容詞性物主代詞their。18.考查固定搭配。offertodosth意為主動提出做某事，是固定搭配。故填tobuy。19.考查連詞。句意：他們主動提出想買鮮花或別的東西給我，但是我拒絕了。上下文為轉折關系，故填but。20.考查形容詞。此處表示“我”告知他們，他們的歡樂和感謝對“我”來說就足夠了。該空和grateful并列，故應填形容詞pleased。Passage3Didyougrowupinoneculture,yourparentscomefromanother,andyouarenowlivingina21(total)differentcountry?Ifso,thenyouare22thirdculturekid.Theterm“thirdculturekid”23(use)inthe1950sforthefirsttimebyJohnandRuthUseem.Theyfirstcameacrossthisphenomenon(現(xiàn)象)while24(research)NorthAmericanchildrenlivinginIndia.Usuallythirdculturekidsbenefitfrom25(they)interculturalexperienceandtheyoftengetgoodgrades.Yetmany26(difficulty)mayarisefromthisphenomenon.Thirdculturekidsmaynotbeabletoadapt(使適應)themselvescompletelytotheirnewsurroundings.Also,theyoftenfindithard27(develop)newfriendship.Moreover,forathirdculturekid,itisoften28(easy)tomovetoanewcountrythantoreturntohisorherhomeland.Forexample,afterliving