2024-2025學(xué)年高二英語寒假提升天天練之閱讀理解Day3科普環(huán)保含解析

Day3科普環(huán)保APeopledonotlikebeingseparatedfromtheirmobilephones,evenwhileenjoyingarestfulholidayatthebeach.However,thephonebattery(電池)maybecomeexhaustedcompletely.Ifthathappens,theyhavenochoicebuttoconnectthephonetothepowersupply.Butit’simpossibletogetthebatterycharged(充電)atthebeach.What’sworse,thehotsunisshiningrightoverhead,andthewaterinthebottleissuretoreachaveryhightemperature.AntoineSayah,auniversitystudentfromLebanon,developedaspecialbeachmatcalledtheBeachill.Itlookssimilartotheordinarybeachmatandwillcausebackpainaswell.However,thedevicecanrechargeanymobilephone.Itisdesignedtobewater-resistant(防水的)andhasa5-wattsolarpanel,whichprovidespowercontinuously.Thematalsohastherefrigerationequipmentthatcanhelpkeepdrinkscool,justliketherefrigerator.AntoineSayahbegansellingtheBeachillontheInternetfor$150.Hesayshehasbeensurprisedatthereactionworldwide.“IhavegotordersforthedevicefromBrazil,Toronto,alloverEurope,especiallyFrance,America,fromallcontinents.”TheBeachillisalsogainingpopularityinotherplaces,likeswimmingpoolsandboats.Somepeoplelikethematbecauseitislightweightandeasy-to-carry.RitaMathieuboughtoneoftheBeachills.“WhenIamonthebeach,Iusedtolookaroundforachargerandnevermanagedtofindanyandthewaterneverstayscool,”shesays.“Sothiskindofbeachmatiswonderfulandhaseverythinginit,evenapocketwhereIcanputabook.Thankstoit,IcansurftheInternetandkeepintouchwithfriendsatanytimeatthebeach.”1.Theopeningparagraphismainlyintendedto______.A.showgreatpityforpeopleatthebeachB.attractthereaders’interestinthesubjectC.providesomekeyfactsaboutmobilephonesD.provetheimportanceofwaterinhotweather2.WhatcanwelearnabouttheBeachill?A.Itisquiteunusualinappearance.B.Itwillstopworkinginthewater.C.Ithassomefunctionoftherefrigerator.D.Itfunctionsmoreeffectivelythanordinaryones.3.RitaMathieuismentionedtoprovetheBeachill’s_______.A.popularity

B.convenienceC.goodquality

D.lowprice4.Thetextiswrittento_______.A.tellpeopleanewwaytogetacolddrinkB.askpeopletostopusingphonesatthebeachC.encouragepeopletotravelaroundtheworldD.introduceabeachmatthatcanchargeaphoneBScientistsblamegreenhousegasesforbeingamajorcauseofclimatechangearoundtheworld.Thisisbecausegreenhousegasestrapheatintheatmosphereandmaketheplanetwarmer.Now,ateamofresearchershasannouncedasuccessfulexperimentthatturnedcarbondioxideintousefulliquidfuel.Theresearcherscreatedadevice,calledareactor,whichchangesbondioxideintoapureformofformicacid(甲酸).Formicacidisasubstance(物質(zhì))foundinantsandsomeotherinsects,aswellasinmanyplants.Itisusedasanantibacterialmaterialandintheprocessingofsomekindsofclothing.HaotianWangledtheresearchteam.Hesaidinastatementthattheresultsoftheexperimentwereimportantbecauseformicacidisamajorcarrierofenergy.So,thesubstancecanprovideawaytoreusecarbondioxideandpreventitfrombeingreleasedintotheatmosphere.“It’safuel-cellfuelthatcangenerateelectricityandsendoutcarbondioxidewhichyoucangrabandrecycleagain,”Wangsaid.“Othermethodsforturningcarbondioxideintoformicacidrequireintensepurificationprocesses,”Wangsaid.Suchmethodsareverycostlyandrequirealotofenergy.TheRiceUniversityteamsaiditwasabletoreducethenumberofstepsinthetraditionalprocesstocreatealow-cost,energy-savingmethod.Theresearchersreportedthereactordeviceperformedwithaconversionrate(轉(zhuǎn)化率)of42percent.Thismeansthatnearlyhalfoftheelectricalenergycanbestoredinformicacidasliquidfuel.Theteamsaidthereactorwasabletocreateformicacidcontinuouslyfor100hourswithlittledegradation(退化)ofthedevice’sparts.Wangsaidthereactorcouldeasilybeusedtoproduceotherhigh-valueproducts,includingalcohol-basedfuels.Theresearchersnotedthatthetechnologycouldalsobeabighelpinsolvinganothermajorenergyproblem—howtostorelargeamountsofpowerinsmallplaces.1.Whatfactoristhemaincauseofclimatechange?A.Greenhousegases.

B.Chemistrywaste.C.Formicacid.

D.Liquidfuel.2.Whatdoweknowaboutformicacid?A.Itisalargeamountofpower.

B.Itcanbefoundinants.C.Itishigh-valueequipment.

D.Itisasubstanceinclothing.3WhatisWang’sattitudetowardshisownresearch?A.Doubtful.

B.Aggressive.C.Optimistic.

D.Uncaring.4.Inwhatmagazinecanyoureadthistext?A.Atravelmagazine.

B.Asportsmagazine.C.Amusicmagazine.

D.Asciencemagazine.CSometimeswemayfindthateveryweektherearealotofnewstoriesabouthowclimatechangeisaffectingtheplanet,ornewplanstobattleitseffects.Buttheconceptitselfisn’tnewatall—infact,scientistshavebeenexploringquestionsaboutclimatechangeforalmost200years.Theideaof“greenhousegases”goesbackto1824,whenJosephFourierwonderedwhatwasregulatingtheearth’stemperature.Fourierconcludedthattheatmospheremustberesponsibleforcontainingtheheatabsorbedfromthesunanddescribeditasaboxwithaglasslid:Aslightshinesthroughtheglass,theinsidegetswarmerasthelidtrapstheheat.AsFourier’sideasspread,itcametobecalled“thegreenhouseeffect”.Scientistscontinuedtostudythegreenhouseeffect.NotuntilaSwedishchemistnamedSvanteArrheniuscamealong,didscientistsunderstandhowglobalwarmingactuallyworks.Afteryearsofwork,Arrheniusdeterminedthatthelevelofcarbondioxideintheatmospheredidinfacthaveadirecteffectonglobaltemperatures.ArrheniusfoundthatCO2,andothergasestrapradiation,whichwarmstheatmosphere.Arrheniuswasthefirsttosuspectthatburningcoalcouldcontributetothegreenhouseeffect.ButArrheniuswelcomedthewarmingeffectontheplanet.Atalecturelaterthatyear,Arrheniusnotedthatcreaturesofawarmerearth“mightliveunderamilderskyandinlessbarrensurroundings”.WhileArrhenius’findingswonhimthe1903NobelPrizeinchemistry,scientistskeptdebatingwhetherthegreenhouseeffectwasincreasinguntil1950,whenresearchersfinallybegantofindstrongdatasupportingit.Bytheendofthe1950s,Americanscientistshadbeensoundingthealarmonthelong-termconsequencesofclimatechange.ClimatechangeresearchhascomealongwaysinceFourierfirstdescribedthegreenhouseeffect-still,maybeArrheniusshouldhavebeenmorecarefulofwhathewishedfor.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph2referto?A.Theclimatechange.

B.Thegreenhouseeffect.C.Theatmosphere.

D.Theheatfromthesun.2.WhatdidArrheniusthinkofthegreenhouseeffect?A.Itwasbeneficialforcreaturesontheearth.B.Ithadbothadvantagesanddisadvantages.C.Itdidmoreharmthangoodtohumanbeings.D.Itwasapunishmentforhumanharmfulactivities.3.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsArrhenius’wish?A.Optimistic.

B.Negative.C.Neutral.

D.Ambiguous.4.What’sthemainideaofthetext?A.Causesofclimatechange.

B.Effectsofgreenhousegases.C.Findingsaboutglobalwarming.

D.Explorationsonclimatechange.DWhilestaringoutofthewindowduringaflight,noteveryonewillthinkcarefullyaboutthequestionwhyairplaneshaveroundedwindowsratherthansquareones.Overtheyears,aerospaceengineeringhasmadehugestepsinairplanetechnology,meaningplanescancarrymorepassengersandgofaster.Theplaneshavealsochangedshapetoincreasesafety—includingthewindows.Ascommercialairtraveltookoffinthemid-20thcentury,airlinecompaniesbegantoflyathigheraltitudestolowertheircost—theairdensity(密度)islowerupthere,creatinglessdrag(阻力)forairplanes.However,higheraltitudescamewithproblems,likethefacthumanbeingscan’treallysurviveat30,000feet.Tomakethatpossible,thecabinwaschangedtoacylindrical(圓柱體)shapetosupportthepressureinside.Butatfirst,planebuildersleftinthestandardsquarewindowsandthisexpansionmeantdisaster.ThedeHavillandCometcameintofashioninthe1950s.Withaclosedcabin,itwasabletogohigherandfasterthanotheraircraft.However,wherethere’sacomer,there’saweakspot.Windows,havingfourcomers,havefourpotentialweakspots,makingthemlikelytocrashunderstress—suchasairpressure.Bycurvingthewindow,thestressthatwouldeventuallybreakthewindowcomerisdistributedandthechanceofitbreakingisreduced.Roundedshapesarealsostrongerandresistdeformation

(變形),andcanthussurvivetheextremedifferencesinpressurebetweentheinsideandoutsideoftheaircraft.Fortunately,designersfiguredoutthelackofdesignprettyquick.Nowwehavenice,roundedairplanewindowsthatcanresistthepressureoftravelingaltitude.Itgivesbeingabletogazeoutofyourwindowtotheworldfrom35,000feetawholenewoutlook,doesn’tit?1.Whydidairlinesaimtoflyathigheraltitudes?A.Tosavemoneyforlessdrag.B.Tohelptheplanetotakeoff.C.Toincreasesafetyoftheplane.D.Tocarrymorepassengersandgofaster.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedwords“deHavillandComet”inParagraph2referto?A.Anaircraft.

B.Aband.C.Aplanet

D.Adesign.3.Whichistheadvantageoftheroundedwindow?A.Itincreasestheairpressure.B.Itweakensthestrengthofairpressure.C.Itreducesthepossibilityofbreakingup.D.Ithelpstosurvivetheextremeweather.答案A【答案解析】1.B

2.C

3.B

4.D本文是一篇科普說明文。文章主要介紹了一種可以給手機(jī)充電的海灘墊子?！?題詳解】推理推斷題。開頭第一段舉在海灘度假無法給手機(jī)充電的事例，主要為了吸引讀者對該話題的愛好。故選B。【2題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章其次段Thematalsohastherefrigerationequipmentthatcanhelpkeepdrinkscool,justliketherefrigerator.可知，Beachill還具有冰箱一些功能。故選C?！?題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章最終一段內(nèi)容及第一句Somepeoplelikethematbecauseitislightweightandeasy-to-carry.可以推想，舉RitaMathieu的事例是為了證明Beachill的運(yùn)用便利。故選B?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。依據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要介紹了一種可以給手機(jī)充電的海灘墊子。故選D。B【答案解析】1.A

2.B

3.C

4.D【分析】這是一篇說明文?？茖W(xué)家指責(zé)溫室氣體是全球氣候改變的主要緣由。文章介紹了一組探討人員宣布的一項(xiàng)勝利的試驗(yàn)，這個(gè)試驗(yàn)將二氧化碳轉(zhuǎn)化為有用的液體燃料?！?題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段第一句Scientistsblamegreenhousegasesforbeingamajorcauseofclimatechangearoundtheworld.“科學(xué)家指責(zé)溫室氣體是全球氣候改變的主要緣由?！庇纱丝芍皽厥覛怏w”是氣候改變的主要緣由。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中Formicacidisasubstance(物質(zhì))foundinantsandsomeotherinsects,aswellasinmanyplants.“蟻酸是一種存在于螞蟻和其他昆蟲以及很多植物中的物質(zhì)?！庇纱丝芍?，蟻酸可以在螞蟻身上找到。故選B?！?題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段第一句Wangsaidthereactorcouldeasilybeusedtoproduceotherhigh-valueproducts,includingalcohol-basedfuels.“王說，該反應(yīng)堆可以很簡單地用于生產(chǎn)其他高價(jià)值產(chǎn)品，包括酒精燃料。”由此可知，王對自己的探討持“樂觀的”看法。故選C?！?題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段中Theresearchersnotedthatthetechnologycouldalsobeabighelpinsolvinganothermajorenergyproblem—howtostorelargeamountsofpowerinsmallplaces.“探討人員指出，這項(xiàng)技術(shù)還可以幫助解決另一個(gè)主要的能源問題——如何在小地方儲存大量電力?！庇纱丝芍?，這是科學(xué)探討，這樣的文章不行能在旅游雜志、體育雜志和音樂雜志上讀到，所以最有可能在“科學(xué)雜志”上讀到。故選D。【點(diǎn)睛】推理推斷題要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基礎(chǔ)上，做出肯定的推理推斷，從而得到文章的隱含意義和深層意義。推理推斷題所涉及的內(nèi)容可能是文中的某一句話，也可能是某幾句話，所以，推理題的答案只能是依據(jù)原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即對原文某一句話或某幾句話所作的同義改寫或綜合。推理推斷題的題干中通常含infer,suggest,imply,conclude

indicate等標(biāo)記性詞語。本題第3小題，依據(jù)最終一段第一句Wangsaidthereactorcouldeasilybeusedtoproduceotherhigh-valueproducts,includingalcohol-basedfuels.“王說，該反應(yīng)堆可以很簡單地用于生產(chǎn)其他高價(jià)值產(chǎn)品，包括酒精燃料。”由此可知，王對自己的探討持“樂觀的”看法。故選C。C【答案解析】1.C

2.A

3.B

4.D【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明白科學(xué)家對氣候改變問題的探究已經(jīng)有近200年的歷史了，文章介紹了“溫室氣體”和“溫室效應(yīng)”的發(fā)覺，以及溫室效應(yīng)發(fā)覺者SvanteArrhenius對溫室效應(yīng)的看法。到20世紀(jì)50年頭末，美國科學(xué)家始終在為氣候改變的長期后果敲響警鐘。氣候改變探討已經(jīng)取得了長足的進(jìn)步。【1題詳解】詞義揣測題。依據(jù)上文Fourierconcludedthattheatmospheremustberesponsibleforcontainingtheheatabsorbedfromthesunanddescribed可知，F(xiàn)ourier得出結(jié)論，大氣必需負(fù)責(zé)汲取太陽汲取的熱量，并將它（大氣）描述為一個(gè)有玻璃蓋的盒子：當(dāng)光線穿過玻璃時(shí)，由于蓋住了熱量，盒子內(nèi)部變得更熱?？芍猧t指的是“大氣”，故選C。【2題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)第四段中Atalecturelaterthatyear,Arrheniusnotedthatcreaturesofawarmerearth“mightliveunderamilderskyandinlessbarrensurroundings”.可知，在那年晚些時(shí)候的一次演講中，Arrhenius指出，地球變暖的生物“可能生活在更溫柔的天空下，也可能生活在不那么貧瘠的環(huán)境中”。由此可推知，Arrhenius認(rèn)為看待溫室效應(yīng)對地球上的生物是有益的。故選A?！?題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段Fourierfirstdescribedthegreenhouseeffect—still,maybeArrheniusshouldhavebeenmorecarefulofwhathewishedfor.可知，自從Fourier第一次描述了溫室效應(yīng)以來，氣候改變探討已經(jīng)取得了長足的進(jìn)步——盡管如此，或許Arrhenius應(yīng)當(dāng)更加當(dāng)心他所希望的。由此可推知，作者對Arrhenius的愿望持反對看法。故選B?！?題詳解】主旨大意