詞性轉(zhuǎn)換-2022年中考英語(yǔ)必背知識(shí)手冊(cè)（牛津上海版）

專題02詞性轉(zhuǎn)換在手

「、知識(shí)梳理

—?、出題方向

i.出題量最大，也是最難把握的方向一一同詞根不同詞類之間的相互轉(zhuǎn)換

常考的相互轉(zhuǎn)換詞類有四種：名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞

名詞玲動(dòng)詞、形容詞動(dòng)詞、形容詞玲名詞

動(dòng)詞玲形容詞形容詞—?jiǎng)釉~

形容詞三副詞副詞玲形容詞

做這樣的轉(zhuǎn)換需要平時(shí)大量的積累，建立詞根詞綴的概念，多掌握常用的詞綴，靈活變通。

2.最基本題型，必考方向一一名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞

名詞考察方向：L復(fù)數(shù)

代詞考察方向：1.賓格2.形容詞性、名詞性物主代詞轉(zhuǎn)換3.反身代詞可能出現(xiàn)

數(shù)詞考察方向：1.基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞的拼寫與互換2.分?jǐn)?shù)可能出現(xiàn)

3.簡(jiǎn)單題型，多練即可把握一一比較級(jí)最高級(jí)

需要掌握：1,比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的變化方式2.比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的辨識(shí)關(guān)鍵詞

4.較難題型「多次轉(zhuǎn)換,一一反義理解

有時(shí)候詞類之間需要越級(jí)變換，要仔細(xì)斟酌詞類間的修飾關(guān)系，確保答案的正確性。

較難題目不僅會(huì)越級(jí)變換，還需要添加反義，這需要更耐心細(xì)致地解題，分析題意。

二、解題技巧

1.形容詞修飾名詞、代詞性成分；部分名詞也可以修飾名詞。

2.動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞需要副詞修飾，副詞也可以修飾整句話。

3.系動(dòng)詞后一般使用形容詞，連系動(dòng)詞后尤其需要注意添加形容詞，這點(diǎn)易和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用副詞修飾

混淆。

4.扎實(shí)掌握名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞的基本知識(shí)。.

5.注意做完需要通讀一下，檢查反義及動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)問(wèn)題。.

三、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換分類匯總

1.動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞的常見(jiàn)方式

工廠動(dòng)詞+ion”

例如：pollutefpollution,inventsinvention,discuss玲discussion,decide玲decision

注意：review玲revisionsolve玲solution

2)“動(dòng)詞去e+ation”

例如：invitedinvitation,organize玲organization

3)〃動(dòng)詞+er”

例如：work玲worker,teachfteacher,write玲writer

speak玲speaker,runfrunner,winfwinner

4)〃動(dòng)詞+or"

例如：inventfinventor,act玲actor,visitfvisitor,calculatedcalculator

5廣動(dòng)詞+ing”

例如：build玲building,begin玲beginning,paint玲painting,mean玲meaning

6)“動(dòng)詞十merit"

例如：developfdevelopment,amusefamusement

7)〃動(dòng)詞十ress"

例如：wait玲waitress,act玲actress

8)“動(dòng)詞十a(chǎn)nce"

例如：appear玲appearance,perform->performance

9洪他

serve—service月艮務(wù)speak—speech演講fish—fisherman漁夫

enter—entrance入口know—knowledge知識(shí)weigh—weight重量

please—pleasure愉快choose—choice選擇tour—tourist游客

die—death死亡succeed—success成功fly-flight航班

memorize—memory記憶mix—mixture混合物cook—cook/cooker廚師/廚具

save—safety安全act—activity活動(dòng)able—ability能力

&典題再現(xiàn)

1.Tomneededanonhisrightlegafterthetrafficaccident.(operate)

2.ThefilmTheWanderingEarthwasagreatduringtheSpringFestival.(succeed)

3.Wehaven'tfoundtheyet,butI'msurewe'reontherighttrack,(solve)

4.Jackwantstobeanewspaperwhenhegrowsup.(report)

5.Thedeliveryfeeshouldbepaidaccordingtotheofthepackage.(weigh)

6.Someinterestingthingscameupinouryesterday,(discuss)

7.ThedoctordecidedtoTim'sbrainatoncetoseeiftherewassomethingwrong.(exam)

8.Lisawantedtobeatoponthestagewhenshewasonlyfive,(dance)

9.Themoreyoudo,thegreaterprogressyou'llmake,(review)

10.Parentsliketotaketheirchildrentotheparksforfunduringtheholidays,(amuse)

2.動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為形容詞的常見(jiàn)方式

1)〃動(dòng)詞+ive”

例如：act玲active,attract玲attractive

2)〃動(dòng)詞+able”

例如：change玲changeable,enjoy玲enjoyable

3)〃動(dòng)詞+ing"

例如：excitedexciting,follow^following,freeze—freezing寒冷的/(frozen冷凍的)

4)〃動(dòng)詞+ed"

例如：frighten玲frightened,bore玲bored

5)〃動(dòng)詞+向1”

例如：forget玲forgetful健忘的/unforgettabIe/forgettabIe難忘的/易忘的

6)其他：

例如：depend^independent,like玲likely,breaksbroken,die玲dead,live玲alive

Pleasev.玲pleasuren.玲pleasant令人愉快的(指物)/pleased滿意的(指人)

widen->wideenrich->richenable今able

W典題再現(xiàn)2寸

1.Lastmonththeweatherwassothatmanychildrenweredownwithflu.(change)

2.Overtheyearsthecavewallhasbeenshapedbytherunningstream,anditlookslikeawaterfall,

(freeze)

3.Stevenreallylookedwhenhewastoonervoustotellothershisideas.(embarrass)

4.Mountainclimbingisanactivityforyoungpeopleduringholidays,(enjoy)

5.Thepanyistryingtoimproveitsproductstomakethemmore.(attract)

6.Mygrandpaisgettingso,Ihavetoremindhimtotakehismedicine.(forget)

7.Mr.Smithisstillveryalthoughheisalreadyinhisseventies,(act)

8.Withthehelpofmanystrangers,Ifoundmytrainticket,(lose)

3.名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為形容詞的常見(jiàn)方式

1)“名詞+ful"

例如：care->careful,use玲useful,power->powerful

2)“名詞+less"

例如：care->careless,home玲homeless,help玲helpless

3)〃名詞+ly”

例如：friend玲friendly,love玲lovely

4)〃名詞+y"

例如：sun玲sunny,wind玲windy,health玲healthy,noise玲noisy,luck玲lucky,fun玲funny

5)〃名詞+ing"

例如：interestfinteresting

6)〃名詞+n”

例如：AmericafAmerican,Australia玲Australian

7)〃名詞+em”

例如：south玲southern,north玲northern

8)〃名詞+ous”

例如：danger->dangerous

9)〃名詞+en”

例如：wood玲wooden,gold玲golden,wool玲woolen

10)“名詞+al”

例如：nation玲national,education玲educational,medicine玲medical,nature玲natural

chemistry今chemical,history今historical,physics->physical,tradition今traditional

11度他

例如：office玲officialfool玲foolishforeigner^foreignwoundswounded

electricity電玲electric電的玲electrical與電有關(guān)的玲electronic電子的

W典題再現(xiàn)3才

1.Mydaughteriswithherglassesandhaslostthreepairs,(care)

2.Manyitemsinourusearemadeofplastic.(day)

3.Billhasaverymobilephoneandhecandomanythingswithit.(power)

4.TherewerechocolatesonsaleatthesupermarketbeforeChristmas,(variety)

5.Somedevelopingcountriesareingreatneedofcareforchildren.(medicine)

6.Aguideweledtheguestsandshowedthemaroundtheoldtown.(Japan)

7.Chinaisverydifferentfromcountriesincultureandcustoms,(west)

8.Thesecarsuseelectricityandaretotheenvironment.(friend)

9.Scientistsareworkinghardtofindnewwaystopredictdisasters.(nature)

10.Asaresultofthebloods,sixpeoplediedandthousandsweremade.(home)

4.形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞的常見(jiàn)方式

1)“形容詞+y"

例如：difficult玲difficulty,honest玲honesty

2)〃形容詞詞尾t改成ce"

例如：different玲difference,importantfimportance

3廣形容詞+ness"

例如：川玲illness,kindfkindness,sad玲sadness,happy玲happiness

4廣形容詞+dom"

例如：free玲freedom,wise->wisdom

5）其他

例如：high-heightlongflengthtrue->truthresponsible^responsibility

典題再現(xiàn)4

1.Doinghouseworkteacheskidsindependence,careand.(responsible)

2.InWright'sfamily,thechildrenhavethe________tochoosewhattheywanttolearn.(free)

3.1felt1wasdoingwellandmy________begantogrow,(confident)

4.Somefishintheoceancangrowtoa_______offourfeet.(long)

5.Inordertokeephealthy,youneeda_______offoodanddrinksinyourdiet,(various)

6.Thereistruthinanoldsayingthat________eswithage.(wise)

7.Hundredsofsoldiersdiedfromandhunger.(ill)

5.形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換為副詞的常見(jiàn)方式

1廣形容詞+ly"

例如：quiet玲quietcareful^carefullymain玲mainly

2)〃形容詞去y加ily"

例如：easy^easilyheavy玲heavilylucky玲luckily

3)〃形容詞Ie結(jié)尾的，去e變y〃

例如：possible玲possiblygentle玲gentlyterrible玲t(yī)errible

4）〃形容詞e結(jié)尾的，去e變1/

例如：true玲t(yī)ruly（只有true特殊）nice玲nicely

5廣形容詞不變“

例如：early早late晚hard難的；努力地fast快wide（寬的）/widely（廣泛的）

典題再現(xiàn)芻』

1.TheInternetisbeingmoreavailableacrosstheworld.(wide)

2.Tom'smotherisawaitress.Shealwaysspeakstohercustomers,(gentle)

3.Whenit'srainingoutside,thestreetsusuallybeemuchbusier,(heavy)

4.Doctorsdideverythingtheycouldtosavehislife,(possible)

5.JuliewasboreddoingexerciseswhileChristinewasoutallday.(real)

6.名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞的常見(jiàn)方式

例如：artfartistscience玲scientistpiano玲pianist

city玲citizencustom玲customerengine玲engineer

friend玲friendshipbusiness玲businessmanlaw玲lawyer

library玲librarianmusic玲musicianoffice->officer(職員)/official(官員)

2典題再現(xiàn)

1.Iama.IhaveworkedattheUniversityofBritishColumbiafortwoyears.(library)

2.ThetwoboysbecameBritishandtheygainedtherighttovote(選舉).(city)

3.TherearemanyfarmerinFengjingTown,Jinshan.(art)

4.Shewasn'tangovernmentemployee,likemostotherastronauts.(office)

7.詞性轉(zhuǎn)換中前綴的使用

例如：possiblefimpossible(polite,patient)tell玲retell(build,write,use)

healthy玲unhealthy(happy,lucky,usual)honest玲dishonest(advantage)

regular玲irregularrich玲enrich(able)

convenient^inconvenient(experienced/correct/direct/expensive/plete)

2典題再現(xiàn)7力

1.Sandyenjoysreadingbooksandshebelievesitcan________herwholelife.(rich)

2.Althoughyourproductsareprettygood,wewillfindone.(advantage)

3.Ifyouareso,whydon'tyouchangeschools?(happy)

4.ItisforpeopletoflytoMarsinasolarpoweredplanenow.(possible)

5.Theputerpeopletomunicatewitheachothermoreconveniently,(able)

6.Heisaveryshyboyanditisforhimtobesoactiveinclasstoday,(usual)

8.國(guó)名-國(guó)籍

例如：Australia—AustralianAmerica—AmericanCanada—Canadian

Britain—BritishEngland—EnglishItaly—Italian

France—FrenchGermany—German(德國(guó)人復(fù)數(shù)Germans)

China—ChineseJapan-JapaneseKorea—Korean

典題再現(xiàn)8

1.Dan/sneighborisfromandthefamilyhas3lovelychildren.(German)

2.,togetherwithtwelveothercountries,hasjoinedtheorganization.(Chinese)

3.peopleoftenstarttheirconversationsbytalkingabouttheweather.(Britain)

券優(yōu)選提升題

1.FloodsaretheNo.1naturalintheworld,(kill)

2.IfMaryisn'tsatisfiedwiththestyleofuniforms,whynotdesignthem?(she)

3.Aftertheearthquake,thousandsofpeoplewereleft.(home)

4.Ihopethepanywillsomethinglikehomeworkrobotsinthenearestfuture.(product)

5.Ourgovernmenthaspaidgreatattentiontorightsnowadays,(work)

6.Thankstotheschoolclubs,Adamtookupmanybeforehegraduated,(hobby)

7.Aliceisbusyplanningapartywithherfriendstocelebrateherbirthday.(twelve)

8.Johnisanindependentboyandhecandealwithdifferentproblemsby(he)

9.Theauthor'slatestnoveldidn'taswellasithadbeenexpected,(sale)

10.Theofmanymoderntechnologieshasgreatlychangedourlives.(invent)

11.JimandhisfriendshadandayatShanghaiDisneylandParkyesterday,(enjoy)

12.Themobilephoneispletelybecauseitdroppedintowaterjustnow.(use)

13.Austinwasinhiswhenhemetamusician.(twenty)

14.Willyougowithmeinthetaxifare?(half)

15.Ifeltsickintheevening,butthedayIfeltbetter,(follow)

16.ThemapshowstheexactoftheplacewhereI'mgoing,(locate)

17.Shewasdeeplyaboutbeingleftoutoftheschoolteamwithoutanyreason(happy)

18.We'dliketolearnaboutothers'sideandbeeabetterperson,(bright)

19.Ithinktheywillthemeetingwellnextmonth.(organization)

20.TonyhasgonetoAustraliaandwillstaythereformorethantwo.(month)

21.Itseemstothatnaturecanbesodamagingtothosekindpeople,(fair)

22.Iattendedtheprofessor'slectureyesterday,butIdidn'tenjoyhisverymuch.(speak)

23.ThefirstChinaInternationalImportExpobeganonNovemberthe,2018inShanghai,(five)

24.Cigaretteendswhichpeoplecarelesslythrowawayarethecauseofforestfires,(possibly)

25.Hisdesignwontheheartofcustomersandtheproductsweresoldoutinaweek.(create)

26.Sofartheinventionhasnotbeenusedinindustryorinanyotherfield,(wide)

27.Thedoctorsontheboyandtookoutthebuttonbatteryinhisstomachlastnight.(operation)

28.Mygrandmaisinterestedintakingwithhermobilephone,(photo)

29.TheplaywasveryonBroadwayandeverybodyhasenjoyedit.(success)

30.Lisalearnsroadbywalkingtoandfromschoolalongwithherparents,(safe)

31.Welookforwardtowelingyouandwithyouajourney,(please)

32.TomisfacingadifficultbetweenstayingwithhisfamilyandworkinginTibet.(choose)

33.Thestudentsallfoundittofinishsomuchhomeworkinanhour,(possible)

34.Manyuniversitystudentsenterforthesecoursestoskillsfortheirfuturejobs,(wide)

35.WhenyouthinkofVenice,doesitbringanyothercitytoyourmind?(Europe)

36.Theexpertsaysteamworkandleadershiparenecessaryfor.(succeed)

37.Thecustomersfeltwiththequalityoftheserviceoftherestaurant,(satisfy)

38.IlivedinLondonformanyyears,butI'veneverregrettedmyfinaltomovebacktoChina.(decide)

39.Withtherapidpopulation,manyprimaryschoolswillbebuiltinourcity,(grow)

40.Thebestwaytomanagemoneyistomakeabudgetandavoidunnecessaryspending,(probable)

41.Chinahelditsimportexpo(進(jìn)博會(huì))inShanghailastyear.(one)

42.TheInternetpeopletoordertheirfoodconvenientlyathome,(able)

43.Wecanseemoredriversdrivebusesonhighwaysbetweencities.(woman)

44.Tobe,thismobilephonepanyhastheopportunitytobeoneofthebestonesinthenear

future.(seriously)

45.Chinesepeoplearetryingtheirbesttobringmoreandmoretothemselves.(happy)

46.Childrenandoldpeoplemayeasilyfallillbecauseoftheweatherinearlyspring.(change)

47.DidJennyacceptTom'sofferyesterday?Shereallyneedshishelp,(three)

48.Wewereterriblybythehugefigureatmidnight,(frighten)

49.Vincentwastoo.Hewasstillunawareofthechangesofhisfamily.(careful)

50.Don'tjumpto.Youshouldthinkitover,(conclude)

51.AfamousChinesewriter,JinYong,onOctober30,2018.(death)

52.Childrenshouldlearnhowtobewhentheygrowup.(depend)

53.Itisreportedthatseveralhappenedinthevillagelastyear,(robbery)

54.Thenewmeetingroominourschoolistwiceasbigas.(they)

55.ManypeopleareamazedattheoftheHangzhouBayBridge.(long)

56.Youshouldworkhardenoughifyouwanttointhefinalexam.(success)

57.DuringourvisittoEurope,wesawquiteafewinmanycountries,(church)

58.Thesenewbooksandmagazinesonthatbookshelfbelongto.(we)

59.ThePeople'RepublicofChinawillcelebrateherbirthdaythisyear,(seventy)

60.Thesedaysevenveryyoungchildrenhaveaofelectronicproductsathand.(various)

61.Worryingaboutyourfuturealldayis.Justtakeactionfromnowon!(use)

62.Astimegoesby,it'seasierformygrandfathertowhathedid.(forgetful)

63.Thegoodresultofthephysicalexaminationlethisworriesimmediately.(appear)

64.Lisawasamazedthatthestudentsunderstoodtheofthepoemsowell.(mean)

65.Ontheschoolopenday,wedecoratedourclassroomswithballoons,(colour)

66.Thenewspapersaysthelittleboyhadlivedwithsomeuntilhewasfour.(wolf)

67.IntheUnitedStates,Father/sDayisontheSundayinJune,(three)

68.Anchefwilletothehoteltomakepastaandpizzaforguests.(Italy)

69.Theoldladydoesn'tlikethecitylife,soshewillmovetoaquietvillage.(noise)

70.Accordingtothewitnesses,therobberwasofaverage,ratherfat.(high)

71.Don/tworryabouthis.Thedoctorsaidhewouldbewellsoon,(ill)

72.Theytoldustherewereenoughfactstowhatshesaidwasright.(proof)

73.Youcan'timaginehowlonelyandtheywerewhentheCaliforniafirehappened,(help)

74.Theguardsmakesuretheschoolgateislockedaftermidnighteveryday.(secure)

75.Matthasgotalovelydogfromhisparents.nameisBrant.(it)

76.TheexhibitionhallisdecoratedwithmanyChinesepapercut.(tradition)

77.Withlittlesleepandrest,Mr.Li'shealthbecameeventhanbefore,(bad)

78.Inthecountrysidepark,youcandeeplyandrelaxforawhile.(breath)

79.Hisanswerwasdifferentfromwhatwehadexpected,(plete)

80.You'realwaysmakingforyourfailuretoachievelongtermchange,(excuse)

81.HuaweihasovertakenAppletobeetheworld'slargestsmartphonemaker.(two)

82.visittotheislandwasatripofalifetimeandonewethoroughlyenjoyed.(us)

83.Theykilledfourpolicemenwhiletheyweretryingtoabank,(robbery)

84.Thefilmisquite,somanypeoplehavetroubletryingtounderstanditsmeaning.(usual)

85.ThestudentsenjoyedattheChristmaspartylastnight,(them)

86.Thetimeofthetrainhastobechangedbecauseoftheheavyrain,(arrive)

87.Thegovernmenthasbeenpayingmoreattentiontoproblems.(economy)

88.Doctorshavetriedtheirbesttosavethepatient,(death)

89.Confucius(孑L子)wasamanandagreateducationaswellinChinesehistory,(wisdom)

90.Jackhelpedtheinjuredgirlgetup,andsenthertothehospitalimmediately.(gentle)

91.Toimproveyourwritingskills,you'dbetterahabitofreading,(development)

92.Airshipsusemuchfuelthanplanes,sotheyarebetterfortheenvironment,(little)

93.Sheisawomanwithastrong.Onceshehasmadeadecision,noonecanchangehermind.(person)

94.Hehasforhiscarelessnessseveraltimes,butshestillunhappy,(apology)

95.Peopleareverypleasedwithfoodthismonth,(price)

96.It'satosharemyideaswithallofyou.(pleasant)

97.It'smonthatthedaybeeslongerandlongerwhensummeres.(know)

98.Aftersuppermyfatherhelpstowashtheandputthemaway.(dish)

99.Itissuggestedthatweshouldbrushourteethatleastaday.(two)

100.Manypeoplearetryingtolose_________,butfewofthemcansucceed.(weigh)

參考答案：

典題再現(xiàn)1

1.operation2.success3.solution4.reporter5.weight

6.discussion7.examine8.dancer9.revision10.amusement

典題再現(xiàn)2

l.changeable2.frozen3.embarrassed4.enjoyable5.attractive

6.forgetful7.active8.lost

典題再現(xiàn)3

1.careless2.daily3.powerful4.various5.medical

6Japanese7.western8.