人教版英語八年級下冊 Unit 7 知識點(diǎn)梳理及語法講練

八年級英語（下）Unit7知識點(diǎn)與語法精講精練詞匯梳理詞匯梳理完成單詞梳理：名詞：1.平方；正方形2.米；公尺3.沙漠人口；人口數(shù)量5.亞洲6.旅行者；觀光者墻8.成就；成績9.條件；狀況力；力量11.自然界；大自然12.大海；海洋出生；誕生14.竹子15.飼養(yǎng)員；保管人激動；興奮17.疾?。徊?8.政府；內(nèi)閣19.鯨20.油；食用油；石油21.保護(hù)；保衛(wèi)動詞：1.保護(hù)；防護(hù)2.包括；包含3.實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)；成功4.達(dá)到；完成；成功5.重量是……;稱……的重量形容詞：1.深的；縱深的2.令人驚喜（或驚嘆）的3.古代的4.寬的；寬闊的5.人造的6.西南的7.厚的；濃的8.極冷的；冰凍的9.瀕危的10.醒著11.野生的12.巨大的；極多的兼類詞：1.n.&v.旅行；旅游2.v.&n.挑戰(zhàn)；考驗(yàn)3.adj.成年的；成人的n.成人；成年動物4.n.&v.研究；調(diào)查(二)詞匯變形小結(jié)：1.deep(adj.深的；縱深的)—(n.深度)2.Asia(n.亞洲)—(adj.亞洲的；亞洲人的)3.tour(n.&v.旅行；旅游)—(n.旅行者；觀光者)4.wide(adj.寬的；寬闊的)—(adv.廣泛地)5.achievement(n.成就；成績)—(v.實(shí)現(xiàn))6.include(v.包括；包含)—(prep.包括)7.succeed(v.成功)—(n.成功)—(adj.成功的)—(adv.成功地)8.protect(v.保護(hù)；防護(hù))—(n.保護(hù))9.awake(adj.醒著)—(v.醒來)10.illness(n.疾??；病)—(adj.生病的；有病的)11.weigh(v.重量是……；稱……的重量)—(n.重量)12.keeper(n.飼養(yǎng)員；保管人)—(v.飼養(yǎng)；保持)13.excitement(n.激動；興奮)—(v.使激動；使興奮)—(adj.激動的；興奮的)—(adj.令人激動的；令人興奮的)【練一練】用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Mymomis1.67meterstalland________(weigh)65kilos.2.Theminutethesingerbegantosing,thefansshoutedwith________(excite).3.LiHuaspeaksEnglish________(well)thananyotherstudentinherclass.4.Thismountainisthreemeters________(high)thanthatone.5.Veralikesanimals.Sheworksasananimal________(keep)inGreenParkZoo.6.Hedidn’tcometoschoolbecauseofhis________(ill).7.Ifyoudon’t________(success),tryandtryagain.8.Mr.Beanisavery_________(success)comedy.9.Allofusjumpedupwith_________(excite)whenweheardthegoodnews.10.Thecinemais_______(freeze),soIneedtowearacoat.(三)短語攻關(guān)：(可以)隨便(做某事) 就我所知吸入；吞入(體內(nèi)) 冒著生命危險面對(問題、困難等)即使;雖然 出生時到達(dá)(某數(shù)量、程度)絆倒照顧大約死于砍倒；減少做研究處于危險中保護(hù)……免受……實(shí)現(xiàn)某人的夢想撞到某人（四）用法總結(jié)：比較級+thananyother+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù) 比其他任何一個……都……What'sthepopulationof...? ……有多少人口？alot/much+比較級+than 比……得多as+形容詞/副詞原級+as 和……一樣……oneofthe+形容詞最高級+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 最……的……之一succeedindoingsth. 成功做某事Therebe+名詞(短語)+doingsth. 有某人或某物正在做某事protect...from... 保護(hù)……免于……spend...doingsth. 花費(fèi)……做某事知識點(diǎn)梳理知識點(diǎn)梳理square用作形容詞，表示“平方的”，用于數(shù)字后面表示面積。例：_________________________________________我們的新房子有95平方米大。用作名詞，表示“平方；正方形”。還可表示“廣場”：廣場舞1,025metersdeep1025米深【歸納總結(jié)】表示長度單位的名詞：milefootkilometer英里英尺千米decimetercentimetermeter分米厘米米【歸納】英語中長、寬、高、深的表達(dá)方式：基數(shù)詞+單位詞+形容詞(long,wide,high,deep等)基數(shù)詞+單位詞+in+名詞(length,width,height,depth等)Eg.Theriveris20meterswide.=Theriveris. 這條河寬20米?！揪氁痪殹縌omolangmais8,844.43meters_______.=Qomolangmais8,844.43metersin_______.(tall/high/height)2.TheYangtzeRiveris6,300kilometers_______.=TheYangtzeRiveris6,300kilometersin_______.(long/length)3.TheCaspianSeais1,025meters_______.=TheCaspianSeais1,025metersin_______.(depth/deep)4.Theboxis2.5meters_______.=Theboxis2.5metersin_______.(width/wide)3.Qomolangmaishigherthananyothermountainintheworld.珠穆朗瑪峰比世界上其他任何山都高?！癮nyother+”任何其他的①anyother“其他任何一個”，后接可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)；指在同一范圍內(nèi)除了某人或某物以外的其他任何人或物；通常用于比較級，多用于同一范圍內(nèi)相比較?！鬝hanghaiisbiggerthananyothercityinChina.上海比中國的其他城市都大。②“anyother+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)”可與“theother+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”互換，也可用最高級形式表達(dá)。◆Lucyismorecarefulthananyotherstudentinherclass.(anyother+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)）=Lucyisthemostcarefulinherclass.【練一練】1.Chinaismuch(old)thananyother(country)intheworld.2.Shanghaiis(large)thananyother(city)inChina.=Shanghaiis(large)cityinChina.3.—DoyouknowShanghaiisoneof

_______intheworld?

—Yes,it’sbiggerthan_______cityinChina.

A.thebiggestcity;anyB.thebiggestcities;anyC.thebiggestcities;anyotherD.bigger;anyother4.Bobjumpsfartherthan_______inhisclass.

A.anyotherboyB.theotherboyC.anyboyD.anotherboy5.—Mikeplaysthedrumssowonderfully！—Ofcourse.Heis________thananyotherstudentinhisclass.A.talentedB.moretalentedC.lesstalentedD.themosttalented4.Chinahasthebiggestpopulationintheworld.中國在世界上人口數(shù)量最多。populationn.（集合名詞）“人口；人口數(shù)量”,在句中作主語時,謂語動詞用（單數(shù)/復(fù)數(shù)）形式①基數(shù)詞+percentofthepopulationare….百分之幾的人口……,謂語動詞用（單數(shù)/復(fù)數(shù)）形式②"thepopulationof...is+數(shù)詞”，表示……的人口數(shù)量是多少，謂語動詞用（單數(shù)/復(fù)數(shù)）形式③詢問人口有多少時：“What’sthepopulationof……?”="Howlargeisthepopulationof...?"【注】對population進(jìn)行提問時，不能用howmany或howmuch。④形容人口多用形容人口少用，而不能用many,much或few等。【即學(xué)即用】1.一________isthepopulationofChinanow,Jack?—Letmethinkforamoment;itisabout________.A.Howmany;1,400million B.What;1,400millionC.What;140million D.Howmany;140million2.—________isthepopulationofyourcity?—Aboutonemillion.WhatB.HowmuchC.HowmanyD.How3.—______isthepopulationofChina?—It'sover1.3billion.Anditis______thanthatoftheUS.A.What；more B.What；bigger C.How；more D.How；bigger4.—________thepopulationofTianshui？—It’sabout3.6million.A.HowmanyB.HowmuchC.WhatisD.Whichis5.—Whichcountryhasthe________populationintheworld?—China.It’salittle________thanthatofIndia.A．most;most B．biggest;biggerC．more;mostD．bigger;biggest5.AsfarasIknow,therearenootherman-madeobjectsasbigasthis.就我所知，再沒有其他像它這樣大的人工建筑物了。asfarasIknow為固定表達(dá)，相當(dāng)于sofarasIknow。類似的表達(dá)有：as/sofarasIcansee”依我看”。Eg.AsfarasIknow,moreandmorestudentslikereadinginthelibrary.就我所知，越來越多的學(xué)生喜歡在圖書館里閱讀。AsfarasIcansee,thereisnodifferencebetweenthetwocomputers.在我看來，這兩臺電腦沒有差別?！炯磳W(xué)即用】（濰坊中考）______Iknow,moreandmorepeopleintheworldarelearningChinese.A.Aswellas B.Asoftenas C.Assoonas D.Asfarasinclude及物動詞，包括……在內(nèi)，指整體中包含某部分內(nèi)容。6.Evenmoreseriousdifficultiesinclude及物動詞，包括……在內(nèi)，指整體中包含某部分內(nèi)容。includingincluding介詞，包括，后跟名詞或代詞，常用逗號與前面的句子隔開。Eg.ManymiddleschoolstudentslikereadingHarryPotter,includingme.Everyonestoodup,meinclude.【練一練】1.ManycitiesinChina,______Beijing,havebeendeeplyaffectedbydirtierair.A．including B.behind C.withoutD.beyond2.Westudysevensubjectsatschool,__________(include)Chinese.7.Thespiritoftheseclimbersshowsusthatweshouldnevergiveuptryingtoachieveourdreams.這些登山者的精神向我們表明：我們決不應(yīng)該放棄實(shí)現(xiàn)夢想的嘗試。（1）放棄做某事，achieve的名詞形式為，意為“成就；成績”。（2）achieve與cometrue的區(qū)別：achieve動詞，意為“達(dá)到；完成”，其主語一般是（人/物），即cometrue短語動詞，意為“實(shí)現(xiàn)”，其主語一般是（人/物），即【練一練】1.IfweChineseworkhardtogether,ChinaDreamwill________.A．comeout B．cometrue C．a(chǎn)chieve D．comein2.StephenHawkinghas________greatsuccessasascientist.A.allowedB.achievedC.practicedD.promised3.Don'tbeself-satisfiedbecauseofafew__________(achieve).8.awake與wake的區(qū)別：awake形容詞，意為“醒著”，做表語或后置定語，強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)動詞，意為“喚起，醒悟到”wake動詞，意為“弄醒；醒來”，常與副詞up連用，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作Eg.It’slateatnight,butheisstillawake.夜深了，但他依然醒著。Nothingcanawakeherinterestinthistrip.沒有什么能喚起她對這次旅行的興趣。Pleasewakemeupatsixo’clocktomorrowmorning.請在明天早晨六點(diǎn)鐘叫醒我?！揪氁痪殹?.—Isyourfather_______orasleep?—Heisasleep.Butwemust_______himup，orhe’llmissthemeeting.Aawake;wakeBawake;awakeCwake;wakeDwake;awake2.Peterwassosleepythathecouldhardlykeep_______.

A.sleepyB.asleep

C.quiet

D.awake9.fallover,falldown與falloff的區(qū)別：fallover意為“絆倒”，強(qiáng)調(diào)“向前摔倒；跌倒”falldown意為“倒下”，強(qiáng)調(diào)“滑倒；倒下”falloff意為“跌落”，強(qiáng)調(diào)“從某處跌落；從某處掉下來”【練一練】1.Theplayerransofastthathewhilerunning.A．fallsover B．fellover C．felloff D．fallsoff10.Another300orsoliveinzoosorresearchcentersinChinaandothercountries.還有大約300只生活在中國和其他國家的動物園或研究中心。（1）“another+基數(shù)詞+名詞”表示“另外的……，再……”，相當(dāng)于“基數(shù)詞+other/more+名詞”例：Theystayedthereforanotherfivedays.=（2）orso意為“”，常位于數(shù)詞或表示時間的名詞之后。相當(dāng)于about或around，但about或around常放在數(shù)詞或表示時間的名詞之前。eg.3yearsorso=about/around3years11.Thebabiesoftendiefromillnessesanddonotliveverylong.【易混辨析】diefrom與dieofdiefrom通常在外部原因（事故，自然災(zāi)害等）造成的死亡 dieof通常指人體自身原因（年老，憂傷，饑餓等）造成的死亡【注】表示死于疾病時，二者可以互換。Eg.Hediedfromoverwork.他因工作過度勞累而死。Thefamouswriterdiedof/fromcancerlastyear.那位著名的作家去年死于癌癥?！揪氁痪殹?.—About13people_______anearthquakeinYibin,SichuanonJune17,2019.—I’msorrytohearthat.A.diedtoB.diedofC.diedfromD.diedfor2.—Manypeople_________thefloodinthesummerof2020.—Whatapity!A.diedtoB.diedfromC.diedofD.diedfor3.—It'ssaidthatonlyafewpetdogscanliveup______20yearsold.—That'strue.Mostofthemdie______illnessesbeforetheygetold.A.with；from B.to；for C.to；from D.with；for課堂小測一、單項(xiàng)選擇1.The5Gtechnologycanhelpdoctorstreatpatientswhoarehundredsofkilometersaway.—It’sreally________.A.secretB.directC.amazingD.traditional2.______wealltriedourbest，wedidn'twinthegame.A.Assoonas B.Eventhough C.Because D.If3.Pleasefeelfree______questionsifyoudon'tunderstand.A.ask B.asking C.toask D.asked4.______Iknow，heisverygoodatdancing.A.Aslongas B.Asfaras C.Assoonas D.Aswellas5.Formostpeople，it'sdifficultto______aironthetopofhighmountainsover3，000metershigh.A.takeoff B.takein C.takeout D.takeup6.—______isababypandaatbirth?—About0.1to0.2kilos.A.Howheavy B.Howmuch C.Howbig D.Howtall7.Samisdoingsome______abouttheancientSilkRoad.A.exercise B.operations C.research D.experiments8.Katehastriedtolose______byeatingless,but2kiloshasbeenputoninstead.A.weightB.weightsC.heightD.heights9.Thebabyelephant’s______

isabout100kilos,butanadultelephantmay_____5,000kilos.

A.weight;weighB.weight;weightC.weigh;weighD.weigh;weight10.—Ifyouworkhard,youwill_______soonerorlater.

—Youareright.I’lltrymybesttowork.A.successB.succeedC.successfulD.successful二、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空11.Chinaisan__________(Asia)country.12.Many_________(tour)cometoChinatovisittheGrestWalleveryyear.13.Whatan_________(amaze)placeitis!14.Hebecome___________(success)aftergraduatingfromtheuniversity.15.Thelittlebabyis__________(wake)now.16.Herantohismotherwith_________(excite).17.Hemakesagreat__________(achieve)inthescience.18.Englishisused__________(wide)intheworld.19.Whichis__________(high)mountainsintheworld?20.Chinaisalmostas__________(big)astheUS.語法精講語法精講形容詞和副詞的比較等級一、形容詞和副詞的比較級(-er)、最高級(-est)的構(gòu)成類別規(guī)則示例單音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞一般在詞尾加-er或-estfast-faster-fastestshort-shorter-shortest以e結(jié)尾的詞加-r或-stnice-nicer-nicestlate-later-latest以”輔元輔“結(jié)尾的，雙寫末尾輔音字母再加-er或-estbig-bigger-biggestthin-thinner-thinnest以”輔音字母+y“結(jié)尾的，變y為i再加-er或-esteasy-easier-easiestheavy-heavier-heaviest多音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞在詞前加more或mostbeautiful-morebeautiful-mostbeautiful二、不規(guī)則變化原級比較級最高級原級比較級最高級good/wellfarbad/badly/wellmany/mucholdlittle三、?？夹稳菰~和副詞比較等級的用法：1.兩者的同級比較：“as+形容詞和副詞的原級+as”（否定用“not+as/so+形容詞或副詞的原級+as”）eg.吉姆和湯姆一樣高。__________________________________________________.2.兩者的比較級句式：（1）“A+謂語動詞+比較級+than+B”，表示其中一個比另一個更……eg.你比你弟弟胖。__________________________________________________.（2）“比較級+and+比較級”，意為“越來越……”,多音節(jié)詞要用“moreandmore+原級”eg.這個城市變得越來越美了。Thecityisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.（3）“the+比較級...，the+比較級...”，意為“越……，就越……”eg.你吃得越多，就會越胖。Themoreyoueat,thefatteryouwillbe.3.三者及三者以上的最高級句式：（1）“the+最高級+in/of...”，其中in/of+范圍eg.她是我們班里年齡最小的。___________________________________________.（2）“oneofthe+最高級+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”，表示最……之一,做主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。eg.上海是中國最美麗的城市之一。_________________________________________.【注意】（1）修飾形容詞或副詞的比較級可以用much、alot、alittle、even等，但不能用veryeg.這個故事比那個有趣得多。Thisstoryismuchmoreinterestingthanthatone.（2）在比較結(jié)構(gòu)中，被比較的事物應(yīng)是同等成分，常用that或those代替前面的名詞eg.那個工廠的工人比我們工廠的工人少。Theworkersinthatfactoryarefewerthanthoseinourfactory.語法小測一、單項(xiàng)選擇1.BeijingOperaisoneof________Chinesearts.TherolesofitmainlyincludeSheng,Dan,Jing,MoandChou.A．moreancient B．themoreancient C．mostancient D．themostancient2.Thisstreetismuch________thanthatone.A.wideB.widerC.widestD.thewidest3.________themountainis,________theairis.A.Thehighest;thethinnestB.Higher;thinnerC.Thehigher;thethinnerD.Thehigh;thethin4.—DoyouknowthatChinaisoneof________countriesintheworld?—Yes,Ido.It's________thanmycountry.A.oldest;oldB.theoldest;moreolderC.theoldest;mucholder