英語說明文閱讀理解例題講解2024年保定摸底考試課件-2025屆高三英語一輪復習

英語說明文閱讀理解例題講解文章體裁：說明文字數統(tǒng)計：347主題：主要介紹了原子鐘和正在研發(fā)中的核鐘（nuclearclock）的技術特點、工作原理以及潛在的應用前景。①Fortheprecisetimekeeper,onlyanatomicclockwilldo.Whilethebestquartz(石英)timepieceswillloseamillisecondeverysixweeks,anatomicclockmightnotloseathousandthofoneinadecade.SuchdevicesareaccurateenoughtodriveeverythingfromGPSandtheinternettostock-markettrading.However,researchersarenowworkingonasuccessor:thenuclearclock.EkkehardPeik,apioneerinthefield,sayssuchaclockcouldbe1,000timesmoreaccuratethantoday’satomicclocks.②Atomicclocksworkbyexcitingtheelectronsaroundanatom’snucleus(原子核)withincomingradiationofaspecificfrequency,witheachwavecyclecorrespondingtoa“tick.”Nuclearclockswouldfunctionsimilarlybutwouldusethetransitionsofneutronsandprotons(中子和質子)insidethenucleus.③Themostpromisingcandidatenucleusisthorium-229,whichuniquely,hasanucleartransitionthatlasers(激光)shouldbeabletoactivate.Theexactfrequencyatwhichthisoccurs,however,haslongbeenunknown.ResearchersChuankunZhangandJunYe,fromtheUniversityofColoradoinBoulder,bypassedthischallengebydevelopingacustom-builtlasercapableofgeneratingarangeoffrequenciesaroundtheexpectedtransitionpoint.Whentheyfireditatthetarget,oneparticularlightstreammatchedthenucleartransitionfrequency.Althoughthesystemneedsoptimization,Zhangsays,“It’sthefirstdemonstrationthatallthecomponentsofanuclearclockarehere.”④Becauseatomicclocksarealreadymorethanaccurateenoughformostpracticaluses,scientistsarenotaimingtoreplacethem.Instead,theyaremoreinterestedintheadvantagesofhavingtwoindependentmethodsformeasuringtime,asbeyondprecisetimekeeping,nuclearclockscouldhavebroaderapplicationsinfundamentalphysics.OnepotentialuseisintestingEinstein’stheoryofrelativity,whichsuggests,amongotherthings,thatclocksshouldtickmoreslowlyinstrongergravitationalfields.Ifnuclearclocksshowanydifferencesintheirresponsecomparedtoatomicclocksundersuchconditions,itcouldmotivatearethinkingofthesewell-establishedtheories.習題講解1.Whatdoweknowaboutatomicclocks?A.Theyarelessaccuratethanquartztimepieces.B.Theyareaccurateenoughfornearlyallpracticalusestoday.C.Thedifferencebetweenatomicandquartzclocksisinsignificant.D.TheyarenotreliableenoughfortechnologieslikeGPSorstocktrading.細節(jié)理解題習題講解A.Theyarelessaccuratethanquartztimepieces.它們不如石英表準確。①Fortheprecisetimekeeper,onlyanatomicclockwilldo.Whilethebestquartz(石英)timepieceswillloseamillisecondeverysixweeks,anatomicclockmightnotloseathousandthofoneinadecade.對于精確的計時員來說，只有原子鐘才能做到。雖然最好的石英計時器每六周會損失一毫秒，但原子鐘在十年中可能不會損失千分之一毫秒。習題講解B.Theyareaccurateenoughfornearlyallpracticalusestoday.對于今天幾乎所有的實際應用來說，它們都足夠精確。①SuchdevicesareaccurateenoughtodriveeverythingfromGPSandtheinternettostock-markettrading.這些設備足夠精確，可以驅動從GPS和互聯(lián)網到股票市場交易的一切事物。習題講解C.Thedifferencebetweenatomicandquartzclocksisinsignificant.原子鐘和石英鐘之間的差別是微不足道的。①Whilethebestquartz(石英)timepieceswillloseamillisecondeverysixweeks,anatomicclockmightnotloseathousandthofoneinadecade.雖然最好的石英計時器每六周會損失一毫秒，但原子鐘在十年中可能不會損失千分之一毫秒。習題講解D.TheyarenotreliableenoughfortechnologieslikeGPSorstocktrading.它們對于GPS或股票交易等技術來說不夠可靠。①SuchdevicesareaccurateenoughtodriveeverythingfromGPSandtheinternettostock-markettrading.這些設備足夠精確，可以驅動從GPS和互聯(lián)網到股票市場交易的一切事物習題講解2.WhatbreakthroughdidChuankunZhangandJunYeachieve?A.Theypredictedtheexactfrequencyofthethorium-229nucleartransition.B.Theydiscoveredanewtypeofnucleartransitioninthorium-229.C.Theybuiltalasertotargetfrequenciesnearthetransitionpoint.D.Theyusedamicrowave-basedlasertomeasurethethorium-229transition.細節(jié)理解題③Theexactfrequencyatwhichthisoccurs,however,haslongbeenunknown.ResearchersChuankunZhangandJunYe,fromtheUniversityofColoradoinBoulder,bypassedthischallengebydevelopingacustom-builtlasercapableofgeneratingarangeoffrequenciesaroundtheexpectedtransitionpoint.Whentheyfireditatthetarget,oneparticularlightstreammatchedthenucleartransitionfrequency.然而，這種情況發(fā)生的確切頻率長期以來一直是未知的。來自博爾德科羅拉多大學的研究人員張傳坤和葉軍繞過了這一挑戰(zhàn)，他們開發(fā)了一種定制的激光器，能夠在預期的過渡點周圍產生一系列頻率。當他們向目標發(fā)射時，一束特殊的光流與核躍遷頻率相匹配。習題講解2.WhatbreakthroughdidChuankunZhangandJunYeachieve?A.Theypredictedtheexactfrequencyofthethorium-229nucleartransition.B.Theydiscoveredanewtypeofnucleartransitioninthorium-229.C.Theybuiltalasertotargetfrequenciesnearthetransitionpoint.D.Theyusedamicrowave-basedlasertomeasurethethorium-229transition.細節(jié)理解題習題講解細節(jié)理解題3.ThetextsuggeststhatEinstein’stheoriesofrelativitymightneedrevisionif______.A.atomicclocksstopworkingaccuratelyinstronggravityB.nuclearclocksprovetobemoreaccuratethanatomicclocksC.scientistsdiscoveranewforcebeyondthenuclearandelectromagneticforcesD.nuclearclockstickdifferentlyinstronggravitycomparedtoatomicclocks④OnepotentialuseisintestingEinstein’stheoryofrelativity,whichsuggests,amongotherthings,thatclocksshouldtickmoreslowlyinstrongergravitationalfields.Ifnuclearclocksshowanydifferencesintheirresponsecomparedtoatomicclocksundersuchconditions,itcouldmotivatearethinkingofthesewell-establishedtheories.一個潛在的用途是測試愛因斯坦的相對論，該理論表明，在其他方面，時鐘應該在更強的引力場中走得更慢。如果在這種條件下，核時鐘與原子鐘的反應有任何不同，就可能促使人們重新思考這些已經確立的理論。習題講解細節(jié)理解題3.ThetextsuggeststhatEinstein’stheoriesofrelativitymightneedrevisionif______.A.atomicclocksstopworkingaccuratelyinstronggravityB.nuclearclocksprovetobemoreaccuratethanatomicclocksC.scientistsdiscoveranewforcebeyondthenuclearandelectromagneticforcesD.nuclearclockstickdifferentlyinstronggravitycomparedtoatomicclocks理論表明習題講解Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TheEndofAtomicTime:ANewClockRedefiningPrecisionB.TheNewAgeofTimekeeping:FromQuartztoAtomicClocksC.TheNuclearRevolution:AClockThatChangedOurUnderstandingofTimeD.TheTestofTime:ANewClockChallengingtheLawsofPhysics標題歸納題--首尾段①Fortheprecisetimekeeper,onlyanatomicclockwilldo.對于精確計時器來說，只有原子鐘才能做到。Whilethebestquartz(石英)timepieceswillloseamillisecondeverysixweeks,anatomicclockmightnotloseathousandthofoneinadecade.SuchdevicesareaccurateenoughtodriveeverythingfromGPSandtheinternettostock-markettrading.However,researchersarenowworkingonasuccessor:thenuclearclock.然而，研究人員現在正在研究一種繼任者：核時鐘。EkkehardPeik,apioneerinthefield,sayssuchaclockcouldbe1,000timesmoreaccuratethantoday’satomicclocks.這樣的時鐘可能比現在的原子鐘精確1000倍。④Becauseatomicclocksarealreadymorethanaccurateenoughformostpracticaluses,scientistsarenotaimingtoreplacethem.Instead,theyaremoreinterestedintheadvantagesofhavingtwoindependentmethodsformeasuringtime,asbeyondprecisetimekeeping,nuclearclockscouldhavebroaderapplicationsinfundamentalphysics.OnepotentialuseisintestingEinstein’stheoryofrelativity,whichsuggests,amongotherthings,thatclocksshouldtickmoreslowlyinstrongergravitationalfields.Ifnuclearclocksshowanydifferencesintheirresponsecomparedtoatomicclocksundersuchconditions,itcouldmotivatearethinkingofthesewell-establishedtheories.習題講解Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TheEndofAtomicTime:ANewClockRedefiningPrecisionB.TheNewAgeofTimekeeping:FromQuartztoAtomicClocksC.TheNuclearRevolution:AClockThatChangedOurUnderstandingofTimeD.TheTestofTime:ANewClockChallengingtheLawsofPhysics標題歸納題--首尾段文章體裁：說明文字數統(tǒng)計：372主題：主要介紹了薩爾瓦多·達利的“鑰匙睡眠法”這是一種激發(fā)創(chuàng)造力的方法。①SalvadorDali,agreatpainter,hadastrangewayofrefreshinghismind-somethinghecalled“slumberwithakey”.Inhisbook,hedescribedhowitworked.“Youmustseatyourselfinanarmchair.Inyourlefthand,youholdaheavykey,hangingaboveaplate.Then,youwillhavemerelytoletyourselfprogressivelyfallintoapeacefulafternoonsleep.Asyoufallasleepgradually,thekeywillslipfromyourfingersandclang(叮當作響)ontheplate,awakeningyou,”hewrote.②NowDali’smysterious-soundingmethodhasbeendocumentedbyscience.“Weshowthatthisperiodbetweenwakeandsleepisveryinspiringforcreativity-andnapping(打盹)withanobjectinhandmighthelptotapintothiscreativesweetspot,”saidDelphineOudiette,asleepresearcherattheParisBrainInstitute.③Oudietteandhercolleaguesconductedanexperiment-103volunteerswereaskedtocompleteaseriesofmathproblems.Unbeknowntotheparticipants,therewasaquickshortcuttosolvethem.ThevolunteerswereaskedtocopyDali’smethodbutpinching(捏)aplasticbottlewiththeirfingertipsratherthanakey.SometookaDali-stylemicronap,somenappedlonger,andothersdidn’tnapatall.④Afterwards,theresearchersaskedallthevolunteerstosolvethemathproblemsandfoundvolunteerswhotookmicronapswerenearlythreetimesaslikelytofigureouttheproblem-solvingtrick,comparedtothosewhodidn’tnapatall.Thosewhosleptforlongerperiodsactuallydidworsethanboththosewhobrieflysleptandthosewhostayedawake.⑤Theresearchersthinkinthisstage,youhavethebestofthetwoworlds:sleepandwake.Soyoulosecontrolofyourthoughtsandhavelooseassociations-makedistantassociationsbetweendifferentmemories-andthatcouldbehelpfulforcreativity.Meanwhile,youkeepsomeawarenessthatmighthelpyourecognizewhenyouhaveagreatidea.⑥Oudiettesaysthenextstepofherworkwillinvolverepeatingtheexperimentwithothercreativetasksbeyondmathproblemstoknowmoreaboutthemechanism-andmaybetrytoteachpeopletoreachthiscreativesweetspot.1.HowdoesSalvadorDali’s“slumberwithakey”methodwork?A.Byencouragingcreativitywhilewe’rehalfasleep.B.Bystrengtheningmemoryinarelaxedstate.C.Byimprovingsleepingqualitywithakeyinhand.D.Bystayingawaketohaveapeacefulafternoonsleep.細節(jié)理解題①SalvadorDali,agreatpainter,hadastrangewayofrefreshinghismind-somethinghecalled“slumberwithakey”.Inhisbook,hedescribedhowitworked.“Youmustseatyourselfinanarmchair.Inyourlefthand,youholdaheavykey,hangingaboveaplate.Then,youwillhavemerelytoletyourselfprogressivelyfallintoapeacefulafternoonsleep.Asyoufallasleepgradually,thekeywillslipfromyourfingersandclang(叮當作響)ontheplate,awakeningyou,”hewrote.你只需要讓自己逐漸進入一個寧靜的午后睡眠。當你逐漸入睡時，鑰匙會從你的手指滑落，在盤子上發(fā)出叮當聲（叮當作響），喚醒你。②NowDali’smysterious-soundingmethodhasbeendocumentedbyscience.“Weshowthatthisperiodbetweenwakeandsleepisveryinspiringforcreativity-andnapping(打盹)withanobjectinhandmighthelptotapintothiscreativesweetspot,”1.HowdoesSalvadorDali’s“slumberwithakey”methodwork?A.Byencouragingcreativitywhilewe’rehalfasleep.B.Bystrengtheningmemoryinarelaxedstate.C.Byimprovingsleepingqualitywithakeyinhand.D.Bystayingawaketohaveapeacefulafternoonsleep.2.WhatcanwelearnabouttheexperimentofOudiette?A.Thevolunteerswereaskedtosolveamathproblem.B.ThevolunteersdidthesameasDalihaddone.C.Thevolunteerstakingashortersleepdidbest.D.Thevolunteerssleepinglongergottheanswersfaster.細節(jié)理解題A.Thevolunteerswereaskedtosolveamathproblem.③Oudietteandhercolleaguesconductedanexperiment-103volunteerswereaskedtocompleteaseriesofmathproblems.B.ThevolunteersdidthesameasDalihaddone.ThevolunteerswereaskedtocopyDali’smethodbutpinching(捏)aplasticbottlewiththeirfingertipsratherthanakey.C.Thevolunteerstakingashortersleepdidbest.④foundvolunteerswhotookmicronapswerenearlythreetimesaslikelytofigureouttheproblem-solvingtrick,comparedtothosewhodidn’tnapatall.Thosewhosleptforlongerperiodsactuallydidworsethanboththosewhobrieflysleptandthosewhostayedawake.D.Thevolunteerssleepinglongergottheanswersfaster.3.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?A.Thesubjectsoftheexperiment.B.Thepurposeoftheexperiment.C.Thefindingsoftheexperiment.D.Thetheoreticalanalysisoftheexperiment.段落主旨題⑤Theresearchersthinkinthisstage,y