Unit4 Natural Disasters Discovering Useful Structures 課件-2024-2025學(xué)年高中英語人教版（2019）必修第一冊

NATURALDISASTERSDiscoveringUsefulStructuresidentifyrestrictiverelativeclausesandexplorethestructuresandthefunctionofrestrictiverelativeclausesLearningobjectivessumuptheusageofrelativepronounsuserestrictiverelativeclausestodescribepicturesofdisasters相關(guān)術(shù)語1.定語 2.定語從句3.先行詞 4.關(guān)系詞5.限制性定語從句 6.非限制性定語從句

1.定語：對名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語或句子；

翻譯為“...的”。

acleverboytheboilingwater fallenleavesthemanwhoyouarelookingfor2.

定語從句：在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞、代詞或整個主句的從句。DoyouknowthemanwhocametoseeMr.Litoday?定語VS定語從句3.先行詞：被修飾的名詞或代詞；4.關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞稱為關(guān)系詞，分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞：that,which,who,whom,whose,as關(guān)系副詞：when,where,whyIlikeonlineshopping,which

isalsoawaytorelieveworkingstress.關(guān)系詞常有3個作用：1，引導(dǎo)定語從句；2，代替先行詞；3，在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個成分。先行詞and關(guān)系詞先行詞關(guān)系詞5.限制性定語從句（RestrictiveRelativeClauses)：

對先行詞起到修飾、限制的作用，使該詞的含義更具體，更明確。這類從句不能省掉，否則句子的意義就不完整。Heisateacherwhoworksatourschool.

6.非限制性定語從句：同主句的關(guān)系不十分密切，只是對先行詞作補(bǔ)充說明，不起限制的作用，若省去，主句的意思仍然清楚完整；書寫時多用逗號與主句分開。Beijing,whichisthecapitalofChina,isabeautifulcity.限制性and非限制性定語從句比較

Hehastwosons,whoworkinthesamecompany.

(Hehasonlytwosons)Hehastwosonswhoworkinthesamecompany.

(Perhapshehasmoresons)限制性and非限制性定語從句Activity1：Findandunderlinetherestrictiverelativeclause.1.TheTangshanearthquakewasaterribleexperiencethatmygreat-grandmacannotforget.2.Thecouplewholivenexttousvolunteeredtohelpafterthevolcanoerupted.3.Thesupplieswhichwereprovidedtothedisasterareawerecollectedfromaroundthecountry.4.Mr.Liisanarchitectwhosedesignsforthenewtownhavewonpraise.5.AdoctorwithwhomJamesusedtoworkdiedinthe2016earthquakeinEcuador.Activity1：Findandunderlinetherestrictiverelativeclause.1.TheTangshanearthquakewasaterribleexperiencethatmygreat-grandmacannotforget.2.Thecouplewholivenexttousvolunteeredtohelpafterthevolcanoerupted.3.Thesupplieswhichwereprovidedtothedisasterareawerecollectedfromaroundthecountry.4.Mr.Liisanarchitectwhosedesignsforthenewtownhavewonpraise.5.AdoctorwithwhomJamesusedtoworkdiedinthe2016earthquakeinEcuador.Whatfunctiondotherestrictiverelativeclauseshave?Arestrictiverelativeclausegivesusdetailedinformation.Ittellsuswhichpersonorthingwearetalkingabout.Activity1：Findandunderlinetherestrictiverelativeclause.1.TheTangshanearthquakewasaterribleexperiencethatmygreat-grandmacannotforget.2.Thecouplewholivenexttousvolunteeredtohelpafterthevolcanoerupted.3.Thesupplieswhichwereprovidedtothedisasterareawerecollectedfromaroundthecountry.4.Mr.Liisanarchitectwhosedesignsforthenewtownhavewonpraise.5.AdoctorwithwhomJamesusedtoworkdiedinthe2016earthquakeinEcuador.Observethesentencesandfindtherelativepronouns.Activity1：Findandunderlinetherestrictiverelativeclause.1.TheTangshanearthquakewasaterribleexperiencethatmygreat-grandmacannotforget.2.Thecouplewholivenexttousvolunteeredtohelpafterthevolcanoerupted.3.Thesupplieswhichwereprovidedtothedisasterareawere...4.Mr.Liisanarchitectwhosedesignsforthenewtownhavewonpraise.5.AdoctorwithwhomJamesusedtoworkdiedinthe2016earthquakeinEcuador.Summarizetheusageofrelativepronouns.WHO/WHOM/THATforpeopleWHICH/THATforthingsWHOSEforpossessiveActivity2:Completeeachsentencewithsuitablerelativepronouns.ThentranslatethesentencesintoChinese.1.Herearesomeofthepeople______homesweredestroyedbythetyphoon.2.Theterribleshakingofthebuildingwokeupallthepeople______wereasleep.3.Thenextday,peopleputupsheltersintheopenairusinganything________theycouldfind.4.Severaldayslater,mostofthebuildings_________hadbeendamagedbythehurricanewererepaired.5.Theinjuredboy______motherwaslostinthedisasterwastakentothehospital.6.Thewomanwroteathank-youlettertothesoldierby______shewasrescued.7.Isthistheyoungboy________savedseveralotherstudentstrappedandbuildings?whosewhothat/不填that/whichwhosewhomwho/thatTips1.who，whom和whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句。(1)who和whom都指人。who在定語從句中作主語、賓語；whom在定語從句中作賓語，在限制性定語從句中可省略。在口語中可用who代替whom。Ihavemanyfriends(who/whom)I’mgoingtosendpostcardsto.Somepeoplewhoaresuccessfullanguagelearnersoftenfailinotherfields.(2)whose指人的或物的，在定語從句中作定語，指物時可用ofwhich代替，指人時可用ofwhom代替。Myson，whoseworktakeshimallovertheworld，isinNewYorkatthemoment.Tips2.that和which引導(dǎo)的定語從句that代替的先行詞可以是人也可以是物，但是which代替的先行詞只能是物。使用這兩個關(guān)系詞要注意以下兩點(diǎn)：(1)6種只用that引導(dǎo)定語從句的情況。①先行詞是all，everything，anything，nothing，something，little，much，none，few，theone等不定代詞時。②先行詞被all，any，few，every，no，little，much，some等修飾時。③先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級修飾或先行詞本身是序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級時。Tips④先行詞被theonly，thevery(正是，恰是),thelast修飾時。⑤先行詞既有人又有物時。⑥當(dāng)主句是以which開頭的特殊疑問句時。(2)4種只用which引導(dǎo)定語從句的情況。①引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時。②先行詞為物，關(guān)系代詞充當(dāng)介詞的賓語，且介詞位于關(guān)系代詞之前時。③先行詞本身是that時。④關(guān)系代詞后有插入語時。3.as引導(dǎo)的定語從句as引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句主要用于thesame...as...，such...as...和so...as...結(jié)構(gòu)中。as既可以指人也可以指物，在從句中可作主語、賓語和表語。Wehavefoundthesamematerialsasareusedintheirfactory.Thesehousesaresoldatsuchalowpriceaspeopleexpected.4.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時as與which的區(qū)別Tips關(guān)系詞位置不同表意不同as既可放在主句前，也可放在主句后，有時還可插入主句中意為“正如……”，其后謂語動詞多用see，know，expect，say，mention，report等which通常放在主句之后意為“這一點(diǎn)”或“這件事”等TipsAsanybodycansee,theelephantislikeasnake.Thenumberofsmokers,asisreported,hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.

其它：asisknowntoall/asisoftenthecase/asismentionedabove,Shemarriedagain,whichwasunexpected.PracticeThebabywascrying.Thebabywasrescuedfromthebuilding.(who)Thebabythebabywasrescuedfromthebuildingwascrying.ORThebabythebabywho

wascryingwasrescuedfromthebuilding._____________whoUserestrictiverelativeclausestocombineeachpairofsentences.TheCCTVreporterisinterviewingawoman.Thewoman’sfamilysurvivedtheearthquake.(whose)TheCCTVreporterisinterviewingawomanwhosefamilysurvivedtheearthquake.PracticeUserestrictiverelativeclausestocombineeachpairofsentences.Therescueworkershadtowalkslowlythroughthebricks.Thebrickscoveredtheground.(that/which)Therescueworkershadtowalkslowlythroughthebricksthat/whichcoveredtheground.Myfamilywillalwaysbethankfulforthepeople.Wereceivedaidfromthepeople.(fromwhom)Myfamilywillalwaysbethankfulforthepeoplefromwhomwereceivedaid.Activity3Workwithapartner.Taketurnstoaskeachotheraboutthepictures.Makesentenceswithrestrictiverelativeclauseusingthat,which,who,whose,orwhom.Example.A:What'stherescueworkerdoing?B:Sheisfeedingthebabywhosurvivedtheearthquake.Activity3Workwithapartner.Taketurnstoaskeachotheraboutthepictures.Makesentenceswithrestrictiverelativeclauseusingthat,which,who,whose,orwhom.Example.A:Whatarethesoldiersdoing?B:____________________________________________________________________________________________Thesoldiersarefixingthetentsforthepeoplewhosecitywasdestroyedbytheearthquake.Activity3Workwithapartner.Taketurnstoaskeachotheraboutthepictures.Makesentenceswithrestrictiverelativeclauseusingthat,which,who,whose,orwhom.Example.A:Whatisthedog’sjob?Whyisthedogpartoftherescueteam?B:____________________________________________________________________________________________Thedog,whosejobistosearchpeoplewhoareburiedintheruins,hasanincrediblesenseofsmell.Practice1.TheChinesepaintingbrushismostlymadeofgoat,wolforfoxhair,________issuitableforproducingbrushesthatarebothsoftandstringy(有韌性).2.Moreover,themajorityaremainlythepost-80syouthand90syouth，_______don’twanttovisitcrowdedtouristsites.3.TaichichuanorChineseboxing,isanancientanddistinctiveChineseformofexercise__________ispopularthroughouttheworld.4.Shaanxi’sbiangbiangnoodleswereacomfortingandbelovedfoodamonglocals,for________thebackstoryandwrittencharacterwerecommonknowledge.5.Understanding,loveandtolerancearethefirstthreeessentials________cometoanauthenticfriendship.whichwhothat/whichwhomthat高考鏈接1.(2024·新課標(biāo)I卷)TheGlasshousestandsasagreatachievementincontemporarydesign,tohousetheplantsofthesouthwesternpartofChinaattheendofapathretracing(追溯)thestepsalongtheSilkRoute__________broughttheplantsfromtheirnativehabitatinAsiatocometodefinemuchoftherichnessofgardeninginEngland.2.(2024·新課標(biāo)II卷)Chineseculturalelementscommemorating(紀(jì)念)TangXianzu,_______isknownas“theShakespeareofAsia”,addaninternationalcharactertoStratford-upon-Avon,WilliamShakespeare’shometown.3.(2024·浙江卷)Ofcourse,shopsarenotcharities--theypricegoodsintheway_____willmakethemthemostmoney.that/whichwhothat高考鏈接4.(2024·全國甲卷)YellowstonewasthelargestUnitedStatesnationalpark--2.2millionacres--untilWrangell-SaintEliasinsouthernAlaska,________becameanationalmonumentin1978,tookthehonorsasanationalparkin1980with12.3millionacres.5.（2023全國乙卷）Butforallitsancientbuildings,Beijingisalsoaplace__________welcomesthefast-paceddevelopmentofmodernlife,with21st-centuryarchitecturalwondersstandingsidebysidewithhistoricalbuildingsofthepast.6.（2023全國甲卷）Fableswerepartoftheoraltraditionofmanyearlycultures,andthewell-knownAesop’sfablesdatetothesixthcentury,B.C.Yet,theformofthefablestillhasvaluestoday,__________RachelCarsonsaysin“AFableforTomorrow.”whichthat/whichas高考鏈接8.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)TheGPNPisintendedtoprovidestrongerprotectionforallthespecies

livewithintheGiantPandaRangeandsignificantlyimprove

thehealthoftheecosysteminthearea.9.(2022·全國甲卷)

Onthe1,100-kilometerjourney,themanCaoShengkang,

losthiseyesightattheageofeightinacaraccident,crossed40citiesand

countiesinthreeprovinces.

10.(2022·浙江1月)

KimCobb,aprofessorattheGeorgiaInstituteofTechnologyinAtlanta,is

oneofasmallbutgrowingminorityofacademics

arecuttingbackontheirairtravelbecauseofclimat