育才分流英語語法詞法輔導(dǎo)

育才分流英語語法詞法精品輔導(dǎo)4狀語從句、簡(jiǎn)單句、習(xí)慣用法、交際用語狀語從句【要點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥】近幾年高考對(duì)狀語從句的考查主要體現(xiàn)在以下幾個(gè)方面：【考點(diǎn)1】when，while與as的用法均可表示"當(dāng)…的時(shí)候"，但有區(qū)別：when：既可接表示動(dòng)作性或短暫性的動(dòng)詞，也可接表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，不強(qiáng)調(diào)主從句謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。有時(shí)還有"這時(shí)"的意思。while：常接持續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)主從句謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，常用進(jìn)行時(shí)。有時(shí)還有對(duì)比意義，意為"然而"。as：強(qiáng)調(diào)同時(shí)發(fā)生或伴隨進(jìn)行。常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或過去時(shí)，意為"一邊…一邊…"。有時(shí)還有"隨著"含義。①Idoeverysinglebitofhousework_myhusbandBobjustdoesthedishesnowandthen.A.sinceB.whileC.whenD.as【考點(diǎn)2】"一…就…"幾種表達(dá)法once，assoonas，themoment/minute，immediately/directly/instantly引導(dǎo)的從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或過去時(shí)。hardly/scarcely…when…和nosooner…than…結(jié)構(gòu)中，前句常用過去完成式(常用部分倒裝形式)，后句用過去式。Ondoingsth.，each/every/thefirst/thelast+time后也可直接接從句，一起作時(shí)間狀語。②--DidyouremembertogiveMarythemoneyyouowedher?--Yes.Igaveittoher_Isawher.A.whileB.themomentC.suddenlyD.once【考點(diǎn)3】because，as，since與for的用法比較because：表示直接的原因或理由。用于回答Why的問題。because與so不能同時(shí)并列使用。since：表示對(duì)方已知的，無須加以說明的既成事實(shí)的理由。譯為"既然"。as：表示十分明顯的原因，一般說明因果關(guān)系。for：常出現(xiàn)在并列句中，不說明主句行為發(fā)生的直接原因，只提供一些補(bǔ)充說明，且不可位于句首。③_youareleavingtomorrow,wecaneatdinnertogethertonight.A.ForB.SinceC.WhenD.while【考點(diǎn)4】nomatter后可接who，whom，whose，which，what，when，where，how，whether引導(dǎo)的讓步主語從句可用whoever，whomever，whenever，whichever，whatever，wherever，however替換，但在ever引導(dǎo)其它從句時(shí)不可用nomatter引導(dǎo)。④_,Ihavetoputitawayandfocusmyattentiononstudythisweek.A.HoweverthestudyisamusingB.NomatteramusingthestoryisC.HoweveramusingthestoryisD.Nomatterhowthestoryisamusing【考點(diǎn)5】until/till的用法⑤Itwas_backhomeaftertheexperiment.A.notuntilmidnightdidhegoB.untilmidnightthathedidn'tgoC.notuntilmidnightthathewentD.untilmidnightwhenhedidn'tgo⑥--Washisfatherverystrictwithhimwhenhewasatschool?--Yes.Hehadneverpraisedhim_hebecameoneofthetopstudentsinthegrade.A.afterB.unlessC.untilD.when【考點(diǎn)6】引導(dǎo)讓步主語從句應(yīng)注意等幾個(gè)問題1.由although/though，evenif/though引導(dǎo)注意although/though引導(dǎo)從句時(shí)，主句不能用but，但可用yet或still。2.由whether…or(not)引導(dǎo)3.由though或as引導(dǎo)的倒裝句中。4.though用作副詞，可位于句末，并用逗號(hào)分開。⑦--Dad,I'vefinishedmyassignment.--Good,and_youplayorwatchTV,youmustn'tdisturbme.A.wheneverB.whetherC.whateverD.nomatter【考點(diǎn)7】before用法注意before在下列句型中的使用Itwillbe+一段時(shí)間+before+從句Itwon'tbelongbefore+從句before一詞在不同的句型中就有不同的意思，如："在…之前"、"過了…才"、"沒…就"、"不知不覺就…"等。⑧Itwillbealongtime_Mr.Black_backabroad.A.before；comesB.since；hascomeC.before；willcomeD.after；willcome【考點(diǎn)8】where引導(dǎo)的定語從句與where引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語從句的區(qū)別⑨--Ihavelearnedthatalargenewbuildingwillbesetup_theTwinTowersoncestood.--SohaveI.ButtheAmericanpeoplehaven'tyetgotovertheshockofSeptember11.A.whereB.whenC.whichD.that【考點(diǎn)9】sothat可引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句和結(jié)果狀語從句⑩Rosesneedspecialcare_theycanlivethroughwinter.A.becauseB.sothatC.evenifD.as【考點(diǎn)10】狀語從句的省略用法1.當(dāng)when，while，if，unless引導(dǎo)狀語從句時(shí)，如果主從句的主語一致，且謂語部分由be動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成(或者從句中有itis…)時(shí)，可省略主語和be動(dòng)詞(或省略itis)。2.在虛擬條件狀語從句中，如果從句中有had，should，were時(shí)，可省略if，用"had，should，were+主語"形式。3.以as，than引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句可全部或部分省去。4.asif和asthough從句可用省略形式，后接不定式、分詞、形容詞和介詞。⑾Theresearchissodesignedthatonce_nothingcanbedonetochangeit.A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begun⑿Generallyspeaking,_accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.(A.whentakingB.whentakenC.whentotakeD.whentobetaken答案：BBBCCCBAABDB簡(jiǎn)單句【要點(diǎn)提示】1、感嘆句：感嘆句有兩個(gè)基本句式句式：1)What+N.phrase+subject+be/v.！這里的名詞短語有以下三種可能：a、a/an+adj.+名詞單數(shù)b、adj.+名詞復(fù)數(shù)c、adj.+不可數(shù)名詞e.g.Whatalovelyboyheis！Whatsweetflowerstheyare！Whatcoldweatheritis！2)How+adj.+the+N.(單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)、不可數(shù))+subject+be/link-v.e.g.Howlovelytheboyis！Howsweettheflowersare！Howcouldtheweatheris！Howsmooththesilkfeels！另：上兩種感嘆句可以相互轉(zhuǎn)換有時(shí),在上下文明確的情況下，可以省略How后面的形容詞。e.g.How(fast/well)thestudentswork！Howwell/beautifully)shesings！2、反意疑問句：1)反意疑問句一般遵循：前面肯定，反意部分否定、前面否定反意部分肯定的原則。e.g.Helikesplayingfootball,doesn'the?Youdon'twatchTVintheevening,doyou?注：a、當(dāng)前否后肯時(shí)，要注意它的答局的意思。e.g.Shedoesn'tspeakEnglish,doesshe?Yes,shedoes.(不，她講英語的)No,shedoesn't.(是的，不講)2)祈使句的反意部分用won'tyou?/shan'twe?或willyou?/shallwe?但常用willyou?/shallwe?e.gLendmeahand,willyou?Letuspassthroughtheroom,willyou?Don'tmakeanynoise,willyou?Let'splaytennisnow,shallwe?3)含有否定意思的副詞：hardly、no、not、never、seldom、little、scarcely等，屬于準(zhǔn)否定詞，用于句中時(shí)，該句即為否定句。e.g.HehardlygoeshomeonSundays,doeshe?Thelittleboyseldomtellslies,doeshe?但是像unfair、useless、impossible、dislike等詞，雖然也有否定意思，但由于它們是在一個(gè)詞前加前綴dis-/im-/un-等或在詞后加后綴-less構(gòu)成的，不屬于準(zhǔn)否定詞。當(dāng)這些詞用于句中時(shí)，該句并不是否定句，即：反意部分仍然用否定式。e.g.Youdislikethewayhespeaks,don'tyou?Itisimpossibletofinishtheworkinthreehours,isn'tit?4)must表示推測(cè)時(shí)，反意部分用must后面的動(dòng)詞的相應(yīng)助動(dòng)詞形式。e.g.HemustknowbothEnglishandFrench,doesn'the?Shemusthaveknowtheanswertothequestion,hasn'tshe?Theymusthavevisitedthefarmlastweek,didn'tthey?注意：a、Letme引起的祈使句，反意部分用willyou?/won'tyou?/mayI。b、當(dāng)陳述部分的主語是：-body或-one構(gòu)成的不定代詞時(shí)，反意部分的主語用he或they；是-thing時(shí)，用it。c、Iam….的反意部分用aren'tI?3、雙賓語：有些英語動(dòng)詞可以接雙賓語，句式為：subject+vt.+sb.(間接賓語)+sth.(直接賓語)英語中，能接雙賓語的常用動(dòng)詞有：ask、promise、cause、play、leave、make、do、bring、buy、reach、order、teach、offer、serve、show、tell、wish….。e.g.CanIaskyouaquestion,Sir?Shemademeamodelshipformybirthday.注：帶雙賓語的句子可以被改為subject+vt.+sth(直接賓語)+介詞+sb.的形式。其中的介詞，常用的有：to、for、of….。歸納如下：handowepaypostpromisereadreturnsendshowteach…sth.tosb.boilbuydrawchooseearnfindgatherordersavesing…sth.forsb.askrequestdemandsth.of/fromsb.另還有：playajoke/trickonsb；playagamewith/againstsb.e.g.Excuseme,youdemandtoomuchfrom/ofme.MayIaskaquestionofyou?4、句型：Subject+link-v.+n./adj.在該句型中的系動(dòng)詞有特定含義，有"人稱、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)"等形式變化。常用的有：顯得：look,appear,seem變得：become,come,fall,get,go,grow,run,turn持續(xù)是：continue,keep,remain,stand,stay聽(聞、嘗、摸)起來：sound,smell,taste,feel證明是：provee.g.Hiswordsprovedright.Thedishsmellswonderful.5、有些動(dòng)詞不表示動(dòng)作，而表示事物的特性，用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義，這類動(dòng)詞有：wash,write,sell,drive,feel,hang….等。e.g.Somepicturesarehangingonthewall.Thiskindofcardrivesmoothandfast.Thepenwriteswellsosellswell.習(xí)慣用法【要點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥】1.It'sthefirsttimethat….(從句中用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))Itwasforthefirsttimethat…(強(qiáng)調(diào)句，對(duì)狀語forthefirsttime進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào))It's(high)timethat….(從句中用過去時(shí)或shoulddo)2.It'sthesamewithsb./Soitiswithsb.表示某人也如此(用于前句中既有肯定又有否定或兩個(gè)不同類的謂語動(dòng)詞)3.…beabouttodo/bedoing…when….正要做/正在做…就在那時(shí)….4Aistwice/threetimesas+原級(jí)+asBAistwice/threetimesthen.ofB.Aistwice/threetimes+比較級(jí)+thanB5.It'sawasteoftime/moneydoing/todo…It'snouse/gooddoing…It'spossible/probable/(un)likelythat….Itmakesgreat/nosensetodo…做某事很有/沒意義6.There'snouse/gooddoing….There'snosense/point(in)doing…Thereisnoneedforsth./todo….Thereis(no)possibilitythat…(同位語從句)7.The+比較級(jí)….,the+比較級(jí)…越….,越….注意：前半句為從句，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)；8.Itseems/appears(tosb.)thatsb….在某人看來某人….=Sb.seems/appearstobe/todo/tobedoing/tohavedone….Itseems/looksasif….好象/似乎….9.It(so)happenedthatsb.….某人碰巧….=Sb.happenedtobe/todo/tobedoing/tohavedone….10.Itissaid/thought/believed/hoped/supposed….thatsb…=Sb.issaidtobe/todo/tobedoing/tohavedone….(注意：這種句型里如帶動(dòng)詞hope則不能變成簡(jiǎn)單句，因?yàn)闊ohopesb.todo結(jié)構(gòu))12….such….that….如此….以致于(引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句)….such….as…像….的這種…(as為關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句里充當(dāng)主、賓、表)13.DoyoumindifIdosth.?/WouldyoumindifIdidsth.?14.Thechanceisthat…./(The)Chancesarethat….很可能….15.Check/Makesure/Seetoit/Seethat….(從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))確信/務(wù)必….16.dependonitthat….取決于seetoitthat….負(fù)責(zé)/設(shè)法做到….注意：除了except/but/in等介詞可以直接接that從句，其它介詞后必須用it做形式賓語；17.Itis/was+介詞短語/從句/名詞/代詞等+that…How/When/Where/Whyis/wasitthat….?注意：此句型為強(qiáng)調(diào)句，當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)的為表示人的詞時(shí)，還可用who連接；強(qiáng)調(diào)主語時(shí)，從句后的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與前面的主語保持一致；注意與定語從句的區(qū)別)18.Howisitthat….(這幾個(gè)句型都表示"怎么會(huì)….?""怎么發(fā)生的?")Howcome+從句?Howdoes/dideabout?(Howdiditcomeaboutthat….?)如：Howcomeyouarelateagain?19.Thereseems/appears/happenstobe/mustbe/can'tbe/is(are,was,were)saidtobe/is(are,was,were)thoughttobe….表示".似乎有/碰巧有/一定有/不可能有/據(jù)說有/認(rèn)為有…."介詞(如of)therebeingwant/wish/expecttheretobe要/希望/期待有….adj./adv.enoughfortheretobe….足夠….會(huì)有….注意：therebeing/theretobe為therebe的非謂語形式；Itissaid/thoughtthatthereis/are…=Thereis/was/are/weresaid(thought)tobe….如：Ihaveneverdreamoftherebeingsuchagoodchanceforme.Itwon'tbecoldenoughfortheretobeafrosttonight.20.疑問詞+插入語+陳述語序?Whodoyouthinkhe'llhaveattendthemeeting?21.Butfor+n./pron.,sb./sth.would(not)havedone….要不是….,某人早就…(表示虛擬語氣)=Ifithadnotbeenfor….,…./Iftherehadnotbeen….,….22.Itwon('t)belongbefore+從句(從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))不久/很久就要….Itwas(not)longbefore+從句(從句中用一般過去時(shí))不久/很久才….23.Thosewho….(從句及主句中謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式).Anyonewho…=Whoever….(從句及主句中謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式)24….主句(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或過去時(shí))….when從句….(might/shoulddo或might/shouldhavedone)表示"對(duì)比",意思為"本該…(可)而卻",主句中為陳述語氣,從句里為虛擬語氣,如：Whyareyouherewhenyoushouldbeinschool?你本該上學(xué)的怎么在這兒?Hestoppedtryingwhenhemighthavesucceeded.本該已成功了他卻停止努力了.25.Thereis./Sb.havenodoubtthat…(同位語從句,that不可省略)Thereis/Sb.havesomedoubtwhether….(同位語從句不可用if)Sb.doubtif/whether….Sb.don'tdoubtthat…26.immediately/directly/instantly/themoment+從句on/upon+n./doingNosoonerhadsb.donethan….(過去時(shí))Hardlyhadsb.donewhen….(過去時(shí))注意：這幾個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)都表示"一….就"；27.everytime/eachtime/thelasttime/thefirsttime/nexttime+從句(名詞性短語引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語句)anywhere/everywhere+從句(相當(dāng)于wherever引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語從句)Youcangoanywhereyoulike.Nexttimeyoucome,pleasebringyoursonalong.28.Ifonly/Iwish+從句(用過去類時(shí)態(tài))表示虛擬語氣,"要是….就好了""但愿…就好了！"29.Considering+n.或pron.或that從句/Seeingthat….考慮到/鑒于….Given+n./pron作狀語,表示"在有…的情況下""如果有""假定",有時(shí)也表示"考慮到"Seeing(that)herefusedtohelpus,thereisnoreasonwhyweshouldhelphimnow.Givengoodhealth,Ihopetofinishtheworkthisyear.Giventheirinexperience/thattheyareinexperienced,they'vedoneagoodjob.30.Therewasatimewhen….曾經(jīng)有那么一度….31.otherthan與no,not,none等否定詞連用,表示肯定意思,如：ItwasnoneotherthanMr.Smith.這正是Smith先生.32.Notuntil….did/do/does/willsb.do…Itwas/isnotuntil…thatsb…33.It's(un)likesb.todo/tohavedone…做某事很像某人/做某事可不像某人34.ItremainstobeseenWh--words….是否….還有待于看.(不用that,if作連接詞)35.Itonlyremainsforsb.todo…剩下的只是要某人做某事.We'vegoteverythingready.Itonlyremainsforyoutocometodinner.36.Onemoment….,andnow…剛才一會(huì)兒還在做…而現(xiàn)在卻….37.Notall/both/everyone…表示部分否定38.Suchis/are….這(些)就是….(謂語動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)由后面名詞決定)39.I'drather(not)do/havedone…我寧愿….I'drather+從句(從句中用過去時(shí)或過去完成時(shí))40.It'simportant/necessary/strange/surprising….+that…(用陳述語氣或shoulddo)41.Ilike/hate/appreciateitthat/when等從句(it表示后面從句的這種情況)Iappreciateitifyouwillgivemeahand.42.Bythetime+從句(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)/過去時(shí))，主句(將來完成時(shí)/過去完成時(shí))43….,asisoftenthecasewithsb./asisusualwithsb.(as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句)44incase/lest/forfearthat….(從句中用陳述語氣或shoulddo)45.While置于句首可表示Aslongas或AlthoughWhilethereislifethereishope.WhileIadmithisgoodpoints,Icanseehisbadones.46.cannot(never)…too+adj.(adv.)/adj.(adv.)+enough"越…越好""非常"too+adj.(anxious/eager/willing/ready/glad等)+todo….表示肯定意思Ican'tthankyouenough.我非常感激你.Hewastoogladtoseehisfather.=Hewasverygladtoseehisfather.47.not/neve等表示否定的詞與比較級(jí)連用表示最高級(jí)，如：---Doyouagreewithhissuggestion?---Ican'tagreemore.48.Whatif….要是….怎么辦?Whatifhedoesn'tcometomorrow?49.more….than與其….不如….Heismorenervousthanfrightened.50.Itis/hasbeen+一段時(shí)間+since從句(從句中如為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,則實(shí)際表示的意思相反)Itistwoyearssincehedrank.他不喝酒已兩年了.交際用語易錯(cuò)常考的日常交際用語1.問候和應(yīng)答A：Howareyoudoing?B：Fine,thankyou./Justso-so.A：Pleaseremembermetoyourparents.B：Sure,Iwill.2.介紹和應(yīng)答A：ThisisMr./Mrs./Miss/MsBrown.B：Hello！/Howdoyoudo?/Nicetomeetyou！3.告別Seeyou(later)！/Goodnight！(cf.Goodevening！)/Niceseeingyou.4.感謝和應(yīng)答A：Manythanks！/Thanksforyourhelp！/Iappreciateyourhelp！B：That'sallright(OK)./Youarewelcome./Don'tmentionit./It'sapleasure./Mypleasure.(cf.Withpleasure.用于回答對(duì)方的求助、邀請(qǐng))5.道歉和應(yīng)答A：I'msorry.B：That'sallright(OK.)./Itdoesn'tmatter./Nevermind./That'snothing./Forgetit.6.邀請(qǐng)和應(yīng)答A：Wouldyouliketo.?B：Yes,I'dloveto./Yes,withpleasure./Yes,it'sverykind(nice)ofyou./I'dloveto,butIhaveotherplans.7.請(qǐng)求允許和應(yīng)答A：CouldIsmokehere?/IwonderifIcouldsmokehere.B：Yes(Certainly)./Yes,doplease./Ofcourseyoumay./That'sOK(allright)./I'msorry,butitisnotallowed/You'dbetternot.A：DoyoumindifIopenthewindow?B：Notatall./Ofcoursenot./Certainlynot./I'msorry,butyou'dbetternot.8.祝愿、祝賀和應(yīng)答A：Goodluck！/Bestwishestoyou./Haveanice/goodtime./Congratulations！/Haveagoodjourney.！B：Thankyou.A：HappyNewYear！/MerryChristmas！/Happybirthdaytoyou.B：Thesametoyou.9.提供幫助和應(yīng)答A：CanIhelpyou?/Wouldyoulikesomehelp?B：Thanks.Thatwouldbenice/Yes,please./No,thankyouall(just)thesame./No,thankyouanyway./That'sverykindofyou,butIcanmanageitmyself.A：WhatcanIdoforyou?B：I'dliketogototheNo.3MiddleSchool.10.約會(huì)A：Shallwemeetat4：30?/Let'smakeit4：00.B：Allright.Seeyouthen.11.打電話A：Hello！MayIspeaktoTom?B：Holdon,please.A：IsthatMaryspeaking?B：Sheisn'thererightnow.CanItakeamess