語(yǔ)法專題十六介詞_第1頁(yè)
語(yǔ)法專題十六介詞_第2頁(yè)
語(yǔ)法專題十六介詞_第3頁(yè)
語(yǔ)法專題十六介詞_第4頁(yè)
語(yǔ)法專題十六介詞_第5頁(yè)
已閱讀5頁(yè),還剩17頁(yè)未讀 繼續(xù)免費(fèi)閱讀

下載本文檔

版權(quán)說明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請(qǐng)進(jìn)行舉報(bào)或認(rèn)領(lǐng)

文檔簡(jiǎn)介

學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載語(yǔ)法專題十六介詞直擊高考考點(diǎn)(1)考情分析:介詞主要考查近義詞的用法區(qū)別,介詞的特定含義、介詞和連詞易混淆的項(xiàng)目、介詞的固定用法等。2006年高考試題單項(xiàng)選擇中出現(xiàn)介詞辨析的考查的計(jì)有北京卷、湖南卷、江西卷、福建卷、四川卷、安徽卷、江蘇卷七套題。另有相當(dāng)多的有關(guān)介詞的考題出現(xiàn)在短文改錯(cuò)中。(2)命題趨勢(shì):未來高考將繼續(xù)把介詞活用、習(xí)語(yǔ)及基本用法作為考查重點(diǎn)?;A(chǔ)知識(shí)清單介詞又叫前置詞,是一種虛詞。有人說,英語(yǔ)就是介詞的語(yǔ)言,姑且不說這說法是否科學(xué),但英語(yǔ)介詞的靈活性,想必每個(gè)學(xué)英語(yǔ)的人都領(lǐng)教過了。本專題就介詞作一總結(jié),希望能對(duì)備考的師生帶來一些幫助。(1)介詞常見習(xí)慣用法種類簡(jiǎn)單介詞at,in,over,on,near,up,by,besides,with…合成介詞outof,into,inside,outside,throughout…短語(yǔ)介詞accordingto,becauseof,inspiteof,owingto,alongwith,bymeansof,withregardto(關(guān)于,涉及),asregards(至于,關(guān)于)…二重介詞frombehind,fromunder,underafter,exceptfor…分詞介詞including(包括),concerning(關(guān)于),regarding(關(guān)于),given(考慮到),considering(考慮到)…介詞與其他詞類的搭配動(dòng)詞+介詞beginwith,dieof,leadto,listento,playwith…形容詞+介詞afraidof,goodat,fullof,famousfor…名詞+介詞attentionto,congratulationon,lovefor…介詞短語(yǔ)的構(gòu)成介詞+名詞athome,onSunday,bythedoor,atfouro‘clock…介詞+代詞I‘msorryIhaven’tanymoneyaboutme.介詞+動(dòng)名詞Theheavyrainpreventedusfromstartingearly.介詞+副詞Sincethenwehaven‘theardfromeachother.介詞+介詞短語(yǔ)Thedogcameoutfrombehindthetree.介詞+不定式Theyhadnochoicebuttowait.介詞+從句Wearethinkingofwhatweshouldnext.介詞短語(yǔ)的用法作定語(yǔ)Thekeytothedoorislost.作狀語(yǔ)Wewenttothebarforadrink.作表語(yǔ)Thewoundedsoldierisoutofdanger.作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Heconsideredthatmatterofnoimportance.(2)介詞的句法功能介詞不能獨(dú)立在句中做成份,介詞后必須與名詞、代詞、或動(dòng)名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)在句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成份,表示人、物、事件等與其它人、物、事件等之間的關(guān)系。1)作定語(yǔ):Thebookonthetableismine.2)作狀語(yǔ):Wehavebreakfastatseven.(表時(shí)間);Theywerelateformeetingbecauseoftheheavyrain.(表原因);Theystartedthemachinebypressingthebutton.(表方法)3)作表語(yǔ):Mydictionaryisinthebag.4)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):Ifoundhimintheoffice.(3)主要介詞區(qū)別介詞辨析例句注意1in,on,at1.表示時(shí)間的at表示片刻的時(shí)間,in表示一段的時(shí)間,on總是與日子有關(guān)2.表示均可表示地點(diǎn),at用于表示較小的地方及門牌號(hào)前;in表示較大的地方;on一般指與線接觸。at:atnoon,atnight,atmidnight,attheendof,atthattime,atthebeginningof,attheageof,atChristmas,atNewYearin:inthemorning,intheafternoon,intheevening,inOctober,in1998,insummer,inthepast,inthefutureon:onMonday,onChristmasmorning,onMayDay,onawarmmorningWe’llmeeteachotheratthepark.Mygrandparentsliveat105BeijingRoad.Mr.WhitelivedinZhengzhoufor30years.2表示時(shí)間的since,fromsince指從過去到現(xiàn)在的一段時(shí)間的過程,常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。from表示從時(shí)間的某一點(diǎn)開始,不涉及與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。一般多與現(xiàn)在時(shí)、過去時(shí)、將來時(shí)連用。Ihopetodomorningexercisesfromtoday./Wehavenotseeneachothersince1995.3表示時(shí)間的in,after兩者都表示“在(某個(gè)時(shí)間)之后,區(qū)別在于in表示“在(一段時(shí)間)之后”,而after則表示“在(某一具體時(shí)間點(diǎn)之后)”,in短語(yǔ)和將來時(shí)態(tài)連用,after短語(yǔ)和過去時(shí)態(tài)或?qū)頃r(shí)態(tài)連用。We’llbebackinthreedays./Afterseventherainbegantofall./Whatshallwedoaftergraduation?注意:after有時(shí)也可以表示在一段時(shí)間之后(常用在過去時(shí)里)。如:Aftertwomonthshereturned.4表示地理位置的in,on,toin表示在某范圍內(nèi),on指與什么毗鄰,to指在某環(huán)境范圍之外ChangchunisinthenortheastofChina./MongoliaisonthenorthofChina./JapanistotheeastofChina.5表示“在…上”的on,inon只表示在某物的表面上,in表示占去某物一部分Thereisabookonthepieceofpaper.Thereisaninterestingarticleinthenewspaper.Hedugaholeinthewall.①若打擊某人的臉、眼、嘴、胸、腹等部位時(shí)用in;而打擊頭、額、耳、頸、肩、腿等部位時(shí),用on.②表植物本身生長(zhǎng)出來的枝葉花果等用onthetree;表植物本身以外的人或動(dòng)物在“在樹上”,用,意指被枝葉遮掩其中。6表示“穿過”的through,acrossthrough表示從內(nèi)部通過,與in有關(guān),across表示在表面上通過,與on有關(guān)Waterflowsthroughthepipe./Theoldmanwalkedacrossthestreet.7表示“關(guān)于”的about,on,of指兩者都有“關(guān)于”的意思,不過about側(cè)重于與人或事物有關(guān)的事跡或情況,為一般用詞,指涉及到。on側(cè)重闡述或論及相對(duì)重大或深?yuàn)W的理論、學(xué)術(shù)等問題,為較正式的“論述”專門論述,在與tell,read,know,think等動(dòng)詞連用時(shí),of側(cè)重粗略涉及,about涉及的情況則詳細(xì)得多而后者Hecametotellmeaboutsomethingimportant.Hewroteabookonscience.8between與among的區(qū)別一般說來,between表示在兩者之間,among用于三者或三者以上的中間Youaretositbetweenyourfatherandme.Heisalwayshappyamonghisclassmates.但有時(shí)說的雖然是三個(gè)以上的人或東西,如果強(qiáng)調(diào)的是兩兩相互間接關(guān)系,適用于between。如:Agreementsweremadebetweenthedifferentcountries.在談到一些事物或一組事物,而把它們視為分居兩邊時(shí)用between。如:Thelittlevalleyliesbetweenhighmountains.。在談事物間的差別時(shí),總是用between。如:Theydon’tknowthedifferencebetweenwheat,oatsandbarley.9besides,except,but,exceptfor的區(qū)別besides指“除了…還有再加上”,except指“除了,減去什么”,不放在句首,but與except意思近似,表示“除了……外”經(jīng)常用在no,all,nobody,anywhere,everything等和其他疑問詞后面。exceptfor表示“如無……就,只是”表明理由細(xì)節(jié)。Allwentoutbesidesme.Allwentoutexceptme.Ineversawhimreadinganythingbutthenewspaper.Hisdiaryisgoodexceptforafewspellingmistakes.①besides,except與but用于否定句時(shí)可相互替換。②except用于句首時(shí),后面往往要加上for。10表示“用”的in,withwith表示具體的工具,in表示材料,方式,方法,度量,單位,語(yǔ)言,聲音Heiswritingaletterwithapen./Hewrotetheletterinpencil./Wemeasureditinpounds./Readthetextinaloudvoice./TellmethestoryinEnglish.表“用…方法/式”時(shí),所用介詞分別為:inthis/that/thesame…waybythis/that…means/bymeansofwiththis/that…method11as與like的區(qū)別as意為“作為,以…地位或身份”,like為“象…一樣”,指情形相似Letmespeaktoyouasafather.(事實(shí)是父親)Letmespeaktoyoulikeafather.(事實(shí)上不是父親)。12in與into區(qū)別in通常表示位置(靜態(tài)),into表示動(dòng)向,不表示目的地或位置Wewalkedintothepark.Wewalkedintheparkin和drop,fall,put,throw,break等終止性動(dòng)詞連用時(shí),也可以表示動(dòng)向。如:Ihaveputthecoinin(into)mypocket.我把硬幣放進(jìn)衣袋。13intheend,attheendof,bytheendofintheend作“最后”、“終于”解,可單獨(dú)使用,后不接介詞of;attheendof表示“在……末梢”,“到……盡頭”,既可指時(shí)間,也可以指地上或物體。不可單獨(dú)使用;bytheendof作“在……結(jié)束時(shí)”,“到……末為止”解,只能指時(shí)間。不可單獨(dú)使用。Intheendtheyreachedaplaceofsafety./Attheendoftheroadstandsabeautifulgarden./TheydecidedtohaveanEnglisheveningattheendofthisweek./bytheendoflastmonthhehadfinishedthenovel.14inchargeof和inthechargeof:兩者都表示“由誰(shuí)負(fù)責(zé)、照顧、管理”。區(qū)別在于:inchargeof后接被照管的人或物,而inthechargeof后面則跟照管的人。Whoisinchargeoftheproject?/Theprojectisinthechargeofanengineer.。15infrontof和inthefrontof:infrontof=before,是“在……前面”的意思(不在某物內(nèi));inthefrontof則是“在……前部”的意思(在某物內(nèi))。Thereisadeskinfrontoftheblackboard./Theboysatinthefrontofthecar.16inthecorner,onthecorner,atthecorner::inthecorner表示在角落里,in指角的內(nèi)面;onthecorner表示“在角上”,on指的不是內(nèi)面,也不是外面,而含內(nèi)外兼有之意;atthecorner指“在拐角處”,at指的是拐角外附近的外面。Thelampstandsinthecorneroftheroom./Imetwithhimatthestreetcorner./Hesatonthecornerofthetable.17on與in表示處于某種狀態(tài)on用于表示動(dòng)態(tài),如從事某活動(dòng)或處于某種狀態(tài)之中。in多用于表示表靜態(tài)狀況,如安全、危險(xiǎn)、健康、涉及人的情緒等。onbusiness,onavisit,onstrike,onsale,onshow,onwatch,onfireintrouble,indanger,inorder,insurprise,insilence,inhigh/lowspirits 重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)突破介詞在英語(yǔ)里出現(xiàn)非常頻繁,它的搭配眾多且意義豐富。在整個(gè)中學(xué)階段,介詞的搭配是考生感到較為棘手的問題之一,本專題特總結(jié)了常用介詞的各種搭配,供備考的師生們復(fù)習(xí)備考參閱。(1)about1)動(dòng)詞+about+sth.。about在此表示“論及,談起,涉及,著手”等意思:arrangeabout安排,argueabout辯論,askabout詢問,bringabout帶來,chatabout閑聊,careabout在意,complainabout報(bào)怨,goabout著手,hearabout聽說,inquireabout打聽,knowabout了解,quarrelabout爭(zhēng)論,readabout讀到,seeabout負(fù)責(zé)處理,setabout開始,speakabout談起,talkabout談?wù)?thinkabout考慮,troubleabout擔(dān)心,tellabout講述,worryabout著急?,F(xiàn)舉例說明其中一些短語(yǔ)的用法:Sheinquiredaboutmybrother.她向我打聽有關(guān)我兄弟的情況。Imustsetaboutmypacking.我必須開始收拾行裝。Whatareyouchattingabout?你們?cè)诹氖裁茨兀?)be+形容詞+about+sth.。about在此意思是“為…,對(duì)…”,接表原因的詞:beanxiousabout為…著急,bebadabout對(duì)…感到不舒服,bebusyabout忙于…,becarefulabout小心…,becertainabout對(duì)…有把握,beconcernedabout關(guān)心…,becrazyabout為…發(fā)狂,beexcitedabout為…感到激動(dòng),behappyabout為…而高興,bemadabout為…發(fā)瘋,benervousabout對(duì)…感到緊張,beparticularabout挑剔…,bepleasedabout為…興奮,bestrictabout對(duì)…嚴(yán)格,bethoughtfulabout對(duì)…考慮周到的,beuneasyabout為…感受到不安。請(qǐng)看例句:Whathaveyoubeenbusyabouttoday?今天在忙些什么?Youarecertainlyverythoughtfulaboutothers.你為別人想得太周到了。I’mstrictaboutsuchthings.對(duì)這些事我是很嚴(yán)格的。注:comeabout發(fā)生,getabout(疾病、謠言)流行,turnabout轉(zhuǎn)身,leaveabout到處亂放,lieabout隨便堆放,putabout打擾;傳播,putoneselfabout使…發(fā)愁。這些詞組中about作副詞,此時(shí)about不能接賓語(yǔ)。(2)after1)動(dòng)詞+after。介詞after有“追趕,問候,效仿”之意:askafter問候,beafter尋求,do(sth.)after學(xué)著做,goafter設(shè)法得到,inquireafter問候,lookafter尋找,runafter追求,seekafter追逐,takeafter長(zhǎng)得像。例如:Everyafternoonhecalledtoaskafterhisgirlfriend.他每天下午都打電話問候他的女朋友。Theboytakesafterhisfather.這男孩長(zhǎng)得像他父親。Thedogswentafterthewoundeddeer.一群狗在追趕那只受傷的鹿。2)after構(gòu)成的其它短語(yǔ)。after在不同的短語(yǔ)中意思各異:afteralittle/moment/while過了一會(huì),afterall畢竟,afterdark天黑以后,afterone’sheart合…的心,afterschool放學(xué)后,afterservice售后服務(wù),afterthefashion勉強(qiáng),dayafterday日復(fù)一日,oneafteranother一個(gè)接一個(gè),yearafteryear年復(fù)一年。例如:Don’tbetoostrictwithhim.Afterallheisstillachild.不要太苛刻了,畢竟他還是個(gè)孩子。HecanspeakandwriteEnglishafterafashion.他多少會(huì)說和寫一點(diǎn)英語(yǔ),但不太好。(3)at1)動(dòng)詞+at。at表示“指向某一目標(biāo),到達(dá)某地”:arriveat抵達(dá),callat訪問某地,catchat(it)當(dāng)場(chǎng)抓住,comeat攻擊,fireat向…開火,glanceat瞟一眼,glareat怒目而視,grieveat憂傷,knockat敲,laughat嘲笑,lookat看一眼,pullat拉扯,rejoiceat對(duì)…高興,smileat向某人微笑,shootat朝…射擊,stareat怒目而視,thrustat刺向,tearat撕,trembleat顫抖,wonderat吃驚,workat工作。例如:Don’tletmecatchyouagainatit.不要再讓我當(dāng)場(chǎng)逮住你。Wemust“shootthearrowatthetarget”.我們必須有的放矢。Theytrembledatthesightofthepeasant’sspears.看到農(nóng)民的梭標(biāo),他們陣陣發(fā)抖。2)be+形容詞/過去分詞+at。其中at表示“情緒、情感的原因,或?qū)δ澄锞哂心撤N感情”:beangryat惱怒于,bealarmedat對(duì)…保持警覺,beastonishedat對(duì)…吃驚,bebadat不擅長(zhǎng),becleverat對(duì)某事很靈巧,bedelightedat高興,bedisgustedat厭惡,bedisappointedat對(duì)…失望,begoodat擅長(zhǎng),beimpatientat對(duì)…不夠耐心,bemadat狂熱于,bepleasedat對(duì)…感到高興,bepresentat出席,besatisfiedat滿意,besurprisedat吃驚,beshockedat對(duì)…非常震驚,beterrifiedat受到…的恐嚇,bequickat對(duì)…很機(jī)敏。例如:Theywereoverjoyedathisreturntowork.他們對(duì)他重返工作感到欣喜。Theyarealarmedatthegrowthoftheliberationmovementinthecolonies.他們對(duì)殖民地日益壯大的解放運(yùn)動(dòng)警覺起來。3)at+名詞構(gòu)成的詞組:atadistance在一定距離,ataloss不知所措,atatime一次,atall一點(diǎn)也不,atanycost不惜一切代價(jià),atbest最好也只是,atfirst起初,athand手頭,atheart在內(nèi)心里,athome在家;無拘束,atlast最后,atleast至少,atmost最多,atonce馬上,atpresent目前,atsea不知所措,attimes有時(shí),atwill任意地,atwork起作用,atworst最壞。4.其它含有at的短語(yǔ):workhardat勤奮工作,dropinat順路拜訪。(4)for1)動(dòng)詞+fora)動(dòng)詞+for。for表原因、目的:accountfor解釋;說明,answerfor對(duì)…負(fù)責(zé),applyfor申請(qǐng);請(qǐng)求,apologizefor為…而道歉,begfor請(qǐng)求,callfor要求,carefor在意,enterfor報(bào)名參加,fightfor為…而戰(zhàn),hopefor希望,inquirefor查詢;求見,leavefor離開某地到另一地,lookfor尋找,longfor盼望,mistakefor誤認(rèn)為,planfor計(jì)劃做某事,preparefor為…作準(zhǔn)備,providefor為…提供,reachfor伸手去拿,runfor競(jìng)選,standfor象征,searchfor搜尋,sendfor派人去請(qǐng),speakfor陳述意見、愿望,takefor當(dāng)作,wishfor希望,waitfor等待。例如:Hisillnessaccountsforhisabsence.他因病缺席。Thebabyreachedfortheapplebutcouldn’treachit.那嬰兒伸手去蘋果,但夠不著。Hewhowouldsearchforpearlsmustdivebelow.要想找到珍珠,必須潛到海底。b)動(dòng)詞+sb.+for+sth.。for表示原因或目的:askfor要求得到,blamefor因…責(zé)備,excusefor寬恕,forgivefor諒解,pardonfor原諒,payfor花錢買,praisefor稱贊,punishfor對(duì)…進(jìn)行懲罰,pushfor催逼,rewardfor酬謝,thankfor對(duì)…表示謝意。例如:Pleaseexcusemeformybeinglate.請(qǐng)?jiān)徫业倪t到。Forgivemeformykeepingyouwaiting.請(qǐng)見諒,讓你久等了。2)be+形容詞+for。for表作用、目的、對(duì)人或物有某種情緒等:beanxiousfor急于做,beeagerfor渴望,bebadfor有害于,beconvenientfor便于,begoodfor利于,befamousfor以…出名,befitfor適合于,begratefulfor對(duì)…心存感激,beimpatientfor對(duì)…不耐煩,belatefor遲到,benecessaryfor有必要,bereadyfor作好準(zhǔn)備,besorryfor為…而后悔,beresponsiblefor對(duì)…負(fù)責(zé),besuitablefor適合于,beunfitfor不適合,beusefulfor對(duì)…有作用。例如:Heiseagerforsuccess.他渴望成功。Thegovernmentisresponsibleforthenation’swelfare.政府負(fù)責(zé)民眾的福利。3)for+名詞構(gòu)成的詞組:forall盡管,forasong非常便宜地,forcertain確切地,forcompany陪著,forever永遠(yuǎn),forexample例如,forfear以免,forfair肯定地,forfree免費(fèi),forfun為了好玩,forgood永遠(yuǎn),forinstance比方,forluck祝福,forlife終身,forlong長(zhǎng)久,fornothing白白地,foronce有生第一次,foroneself替自己,forpleasure為了消遣,forreason因?yàn)椤碛?,forsale供出售,forshame真不害臊,forshort簡(jiǎn)稱,forsport好玩,forsure確切地。4)動(dòng)詞+副詞/名詞+for構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ):beinfor將遇到,makeupfor彌補(bǔ),goinfor從事,lookoutfor提防,takesth.forgranted把…當(dāng)作理所當(dāng)然,haveanearfor音感好,haveagiftfor有某方面的天賦。(5)from1)動(dòng)詞+froma)動(dòng)詞+from。from表示“來源、原因、起始”等:comefrom來自,datefrom追溯,departfrom違背,diefrom死于,escapefrom逃出,fallfrom自…跌落,hangfrom垂掛,hearfrom收到來信,learnfrom向某人學(xué)習(xí),returnfrom自某地返回,risefrom自…冒出,resultfrom起因于,sufferfrom忍受。例如:Allthecharactersinthebookaredrawnfromreallife.書中所有的人物都來自于真實(shí)的生活。Anydamageresultingfromnegligencemustbepaidforbytheborrower.因疏忽引起的任何損壞都應(yīng)由借用者負(fù)責(zé)賠償。Hehasrecoveredfromhissurprise.他好不容易回過神來。b)動(dòng)詞+sth./sb.+from+sth./sb./aplace。from表示“來源、免于”等:borrowfrom向…借,choosefrom選自,excusefrom免除,keepfrom阻止做,preventfrom不準(zhǔn)做,protectfrom不受…之害,receivefrom收到,removefrom移動(dòng);除去,savefrom保全;拯救,separatefrom分離開來,stopfrom阻止。例如:Hewasexcusedfromattendanceatthelecture.他獲準(zhǔn)可不去聽課。Stopthechildfromspoilingthebook.不要讓孩子弄壞了書。2)be+形容詞+from。此時(shí)from含義眾多:beabsentfrom缺席,bedifferentfrom與眾不同,befarfrom更不用說,behiddenfrom躲避,bemadefrom用…制成,betiredfrom因…而疲倦。例如:Theboycan’twalkandisfarfromrunning.那男孩不會(huì)走路,更不用說跑了。3)from…to…。本短語(yǔ)表示從一種狀態(tài)到另一狀態(tài)的變化或從…到…:frombadtoworse每況愈下,frombeginningtoend自始至終,fromcovertocover從頭到尾,fromChinatoPeru到處,fromdaytoday一天一天地,fromdoortodoor挨家挨戶,fromendtoend從頭至尾,fromfirsttolast自始至終,fromhandtomouth勉強(qiáng)糊口,fromheadtofoot從頭到腳,frommouthtomouth廣泛流傳,fromsuntosun從日出到日落,fromstarttofinish從頭開始,fromtoptotoe從頭到腳,fromtimetotime不時(shí)地,fromtoptobottom徹底地。(6)in1)動(dòng)詞+ina)動(dòng)詞+in。in在短語(yǔ)中的含義異常豐富:believein信任,breakin碎成,bringin引起;產(chǎn)生;帶來,callin下令收回,fillin填充,getin收獲,handin上繳,involvein涉及,liein在于,resultin導(dǎo)致,sharein共享,succeedin成功,takein卷起;訂閱,turnin歸還當(dāng)局。例如:Hewassoshortofmoneythathehadtocallintheloansthathehadmade.他很缺乏資金,不得不收回所有的款子。Yourfailureliesinyourlaziness.你失敗的原因在于懶惰。Ordersaregiventotakeinsail.已發(fā)布收帆的命令。b)動(dòng)詞+sb./time/money+in。介詞in后接(doing)sth.:helpsb.in幫助某人做某事,sparetime/moneyin勻出時(shí)間或錢做某事,spendtime/moneyin花時(shí)間或錢做某事,wastetime/moneyin浪費(fèi)時(shí)間或錢做某事。例如:SheofferedtohelphiminthehousekeepingwhenIamnothere.她提出,我不在家時(shí)她可以幫助他料理家務(wù)。2)be+形容詞+in。in表示“在某些方面或穿著”:beactivein活躍于,beabsorbedin專心致志,bebusyin忙碌,bebornin出生于,beconcernedin牽涉,beclothedin穿著,bedisappointedin對(duì)…失望,bediligentin勤于,beexperiencedin在…有經(jīng)驗(yàn),beemployedin任職于,beengagedin忙碌,beexpertin某方面的專家,beexcellentin在…優(yōu)秀,beinterestedin對(duì)…有興趣,belackingin缺乏,berichin富有,beslowin遲緩,besuccessfulin在某方面成功,beskilledin精于,bestrictin嚴(yán)于,beweakin弱于。例如:Shewascompletelyabsorbedinherownaffairs.她完全專注于自己的事務(wù)。Morethanonepersonhasbeenconcernedinthis.不只一人牽涉到這件事。3)in+名詞。in表示“處于某種狀態(tài)或在某些方面”等意思:inadvance提前,inall總共,inbalance總而言之,inbed臥床,inbody親自,inbrief簡(jiǎn)明扼要,incase萬(wàn)一,incharge主管,indanger有危險(xiǎn),indebt負(fù)債,indespair失望,inforce大量地;有效,infull全部地,inflower開花,ingeneral一般說來,initself本身,inlove戀愛,inorder井然有序,inperson親自,inpublic公開地,inprogress有進(jìn)展,inpractice從實(shí)踐上看,inrags穿著破衣,inresearch探索,inreturn作為報(bào)答,inruins一片廢墟,inshort總之,intheory從理論上看,introuble有麻煩,intears眼淚汪汪,intime及時(shí),inturn按順序,invain白白地,inview看得見。注意下列幾個(gè)詞組中的in為副詞:checkin到達(dá)登記,cutin插嘴,countin包括,drawin時(shí)間接近,dropin順路拜訪,givein屈服,pourin源源而來。(7)OF1)動(dòng)詞+ofa)動(dòng)詞+of。of意為“有關(guān),由于”:begof(sb.)請(qǐng)求某人,complainof抱怨,consistof由…構(gòu)成,dieof死于,dreamof夢(mèng)想,hearof聽說,knowof了解,speakof談及,tellof講到,thinkof想起,talkof論及。例如:Neverhasoneofthemcomplainedofallthetroublewegive.從來沒有人抱怨我們帶來這么多麻煩。Carbondioxideconsistsofcarbonandoxygen.二氧化碳由碳、氧兩種元素組成。b)動(dòng)詞+sb.+of+sth.。其中of有“剝奪,有關(guān)”之意:accuseof控告(譴責(zé),非難)某人,cheatof騙走,depriveof剝奪,informof匯報(bào),robof搶走,remindof提醒,warnof警告。例如:Hehascheatedmeofmypoverty.他騙走了我的財(cái)產(chǎn)。Theyaredeprivedoftheirrightsascitizens.他們的公民權(quán)都被剝奪了。c)動(dòng)詞+sth.+of+sb.。介詞of表動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,后接動(dòng)作的賓語(yǔ)sb.:requestof請(qǐng)求(某人做某事),requireof要求得到。例如:AllIrequestofyouisthatyoushouldcomehereearly.我唯一的請(qǐng)求就是希望你早點(diǎn)來。Youhavedoneallthelawrequiresofyou.你做的這一切都是法律對(duì)你的要求。2)be+形容詞+of。of后接表對(duì)象或目標(biāo)的詞,這類短語(yǔ)有很多:beawareof覺察,beashamedof以…為恥,beafraidof擔(dān)心,bebareof沒有,becarefulof小心,beclearof還清債務(wù),becertainof確信,becomposedof由…構(gòu)成,beenviousof嫉妒,beforgetfulof健忘,befondof喜歡,befreeof免于;擺脫,befullof充滿,beguiltyof認(rèn)罪,behopefulof抱有希望,beinformedof匯報(bào),beimpatientof對(duì)…無耐心,bejealousof嫉妒,bemadeof用…制成,bemindfulof留意,beproudof以…為驕傲,besickof煩于,beshortof缺乏,besureof確信,betiredof困于,beworthyof值得。3)of+名詞構(gòu)成的詞組:ofage成年,ofchoice精選的,ofcourse當(dāng)然,oflate最近,ofname有名的,ofoneself自動(dòng)地,ofpurpose有意地,ofuse有用,ofvalue有價(jià)值的。(8)ON1)動(dòng)詞+ona)動(dòng)詞+on。介詞on表示“憑借,產(chǎn)生某結(jié)果,接通”等意思:acton對(duì)…有作用,bringon促使;導(dǎo)致,callon拜訪某人,counton依賴,carryon執(zhí)行,dependon取決,feedon以…為生,figureon料想;推斷,goon繼續(xù),haveon穿著,insiston堅(jiān)持,keepon繼續(xù),leanon依賴,liveon以…為生,pullon迅速穿上,puton穿上,switchon接通(電源),taketo喜歡;養(yǎng)成;輕易學(xué)會(huì),turnon接通(電源),workon操作,waiton侍候。例如:Thiskindofmedicineactsontheheart.這種藥對(duì)心臟有好處。Thefineweatherbringsonthecropsnicely.好天氣促使莊稼長(zhǎng)勢(shì)良好。Wecountonyoutohelp.我們有賴你的幫助。b)動(dòng)詞+sb.(sth.)+on+sb.(sth.)。on的意思是“以…,對(duì)…,在某方面”:baseon以…為基礎(chǔ),congratulateon恭賀,fixon固定,havemercyon憐憫,havepityon憐惜,keepwatchon監(jiān)視,spendon把時(shí)間、精力花在某方面。例如:Theoryshouldbebasedonpractice.理論聯(lián)系實(shí)際。Congratulateonyoursuccessinthecompetition.恭喜你競(jìng)賽獲得成功。2)be+形容詞+on的詞組:bedependenton依賴,behardon對(duì)某人苛刻,beimpressedon對(duì)…印象深刻,bekeenon渴望,bestricton對(duì)…嚴(yán)格。例如:Wecan’tjustbedependentonourparents.我們不能只依賴父母。Heiskeenongoingabroad.他渴望出國(guó)。3)on+名詞構(gòu)成的詞組:on表示處于某種狀態(tài)或在某個(gè)方位:onboard乘(車,飛機(jī)),oncall聽候召喚,onduty值班,onearth到底,onfire著火,onfoot步行,onguard在崗,onhire雇用,onholiday度假,onleave休假,onone’sknees跪下,onone’sway在…的路上,onpurpose故意,onsale待售,onshore在岸上,ontime準(zhǔn)時(shí),onthemove行動(dòng),ontheotherhand另一方面,onthespot當(dāng)場(chǎng),onthetipofone’stongue快要說出口,ontopof在…的頂部,onwatch值班。(9)TO1)動(dòng)詞+toa)動(dòng)詞+to。介詞to意為“達(dá)到,指向”等:adjustto適應(yīng),attendto處理;照料,agreeto贊同,amountto加起來達(dá)…,belongto屬于,cometo達(dá)到,drinkto為…干杯,getto到達(dá),happento發(fā)生在某人身上,holdto緊握,leadto通向,listento聽,occurto想起,objectto反對(duì),pointto指向,respondto回答,referto參考;指的是…;涉及,replyto回答,seeto負(fù)責(zé),stickto堅(jiān)持,turnto求助,writeto給某人寫信。例如:ShemustlearntoadjustherselftoEnglishlife.她必須學(xué)會(huì)適應(yīng)英國(guó)的生活。Businesshastobeattendedto.有事要辦。Anideaoccurredtome.我想出一個(gè)辦法。b)動(dòng)詞(+sth.)+to+sb.。下列動(dòng)詞不能直接帶間接賓語(yǔ)sb.,要接間接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)須在動(dòng)詞后加介詞to:announceto通知某人,describeto向某人描述,explainto向某人解釋,expressto對(duì)某人表達(dá),mentionto提及,nodto向某人點(diǎn)頭,reportto報(bào)告,sayto告知,shoutto對(duì)某人大叫,suggestto對(duì)某人提建議,speakto與某人交談,talkto跟某人談話,whisperto和某人低聲耳語(yǔ)。例如:Shesuggestedtomeoneortwosuitablepeopleforthecommittee.她跟我向委員會(huì)推舉了一兩個(gè)合適的人選。c)動(dòng)詞+sth./sb.+to+sth./sb.。此時(shí)介詞to可譯成“到,于,給”等意思:addto增加,compareto比作,carryto運(yùn)送至,devote…to致力于,introduceto介紹給,inviteto邀請(qǐng)參加,jointo連接到,leaveto委托給,reduceto下降至,sentence…to判處,taketo帶到。例如:Pleaseaddapieceofcandytocoffee.請(qǐng)給咖啡加塊糖。Poetsliketocomparelifetostage.詩(shī)人喜歡把人生比作舞臺(tái)。2)be+形容詞/過去分詞+to。to的意思是“對(duì)…”:bealiveto覺察;曉得,beattentiveto注意;留心,beawaketo知曉,beblindto缺乏眼光,becloseto緊挨著,becommonto對(duì)某人來說很普通,becontraryto違反;反對(duì),bedevotedto致力,bedeafto不愿意聽,beequalto有…的力量,beexposedto暴露;遭受,befairto對(duì)…公平,befamiliarto對(duì)某人來說熟悉,begratefulto對(duì)某人心存感激,begoodto對(duì)…有好處,beharmfulto對(duì)…有危害,beimportantto對(duì)…重要,bekindto友好對(duì)待,beknownto周知于,bemarriedto嫁給,bemovedto轉(zhuǎn)移到,benearto靠近,benecessaryto對(duì)…有必要,beoppositeto在對(duì)面,beopposedto反對(duì),bepleasantto合某人之意,beproperto專屬,bepoliteto禮貌待人,berudeto粗暴對(duì)待,berelativeto與…有關(guān),bestrangeto不習(xí)慣,besimilarto類似,besuitableto適合,betrueto忠實(shí),bethankfulto感激,beusefulto對(duì)…有用,beusedto習(xí)慣。例如:Areyoualivetowhatisgoingon?你注意到發(fā)生什么事了嗎?Theoldmanwasnotequaltothesituation.那老人不能應(yīng)付這種情況。Hishouseisoppositetomine.他的房子在我的房子對(duì)面。3)to+名詞構(gòu)成的詞組有:toadegree在某種程度上,todate到現(xiàn)在為止,toone’sfeet跳起來,toone’smind照…看來,toone’ssurprise使…吃驚,toone’staste符合胃口,tooneself獨(dú)自享用,toorder定做,totheletter不折不扣地,tothepoint中肯地。(10)with1)動(dòng)詞+witha)動(dòng)詞+with。with接對(duì)象或目標(biāo),意思為“與…,從…”:agreewith同意;適應(yīng),beginwith從…開始,continuewith繼續(xù),dowith應(yīng)付,dealwith對(duì)付,fightwith與…作戰(zhàn),foolwith愚弄,hurrywith忙于,mixwith與…混合在一起,meetwith偶遇,playwith把玩,quarrelwith與某人爭(zhēng)吵,reasonwith與某人評(píng)理,settlewith與人協(xié)商。例如:Let’sbeginourclasswithanEnglishsong.我們以一首英語(yǔ)歌開講。Imeanttoreasonwithyou,butyouwon’treason.我本要與你理論理論,但你不愿意。b)動(dòng)詞+sth./sb.+with+sth./sb.。介詞with意為“以,用”:comparewith與…比較,combinewith與…混合,equipwith以…裝備,feedwith用…喂養(yǎng),furnishwith用…裝飾,providewith提供,replacewith以…替代,supplywith供給。例如:Educationmustbecombinedwithproductivelabour.教育應(yīng)與生產(chǎn)力相結(jié)合。Theyreplacedslavelabourwithmachines.他們用機(jī)器代替奴工。2)be+形容詞/過去分詞+with。介詞with表示情緒的原因、憑借等意思:beangrywith惱怒,beannoyedwith使煩惱,bebusywith忙于,beboredwith使煩心,beburdenedwith擔(dān)負(fù),becrowdedwith擁擠著,beconnectedwith與…聯(lián)系,becoveredwith覆蓋著,beconcernedwith關(guān)心,becontentwith對(duì)…滿意,bedisappointedwith失望于,bedelightedwith對(duì)…感到高興,beengagedwith忙碌于,beexhaustedwith由于…而極度疲倦,befilledwith充滿,befamiliarwith熟悉,befriendlywith對(duì)…友好,beoccupiedwith忙碌,beovercomewith極為,bepopularwith受…歡迎,bepatientwith對(duì)…有耐心,bepleasedwith對(duì)…高興,besatisfiedwith滿意于,bestrictwith對(duì)…嚴(yán)格,bewrongwith有毛病,bewildwith因…而欣喜。例如:Hewasmuchannoyedwithhisson’sbehavior.他對(duì)兒子的行為相當(dāng)惱火。I’mfullyoccupiedwithmydailywork.我忙碌于日常事務(wù)。Whenhecaughtsightofher,hewasovercomewithdespair.看到她,他非常失望。3)動(dòng)詞+副詞/介詞短語(yǔ)+with構(gòu)成的詞組:catchupwith趕上,doawaywith廢除,fallinlovewith愛上,gettogetherwith與…聯(lián)歡,keepintouchwith保持聯(lián)系,keepupwith趕上。方法技巧點(diǎn)撥(1)方法與技巧常用介詞搭配在英語(yǔ)中極其豐富,意義復(fù)雜多變。掌握這些搭配,對(duì)夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)、提高英語(yǔ)閱讀水平和理解能力是大有裨益的。廣大考生可參考下圖辨析常見介詞。(2)備考解題注意點(diǎn)介詞是英語(yǔ)中最活躍的詞類之一,使用頻率相當(dāng)高,其用法多而雜。一個(gè)介詞有多種不同的用法,一個(gè)相近的意思又可以用不同的介詞表示。所以,學(xué)習(xí)介詞用法除要掌握一般常規(guī)用法外,還須注意弄清易混介詞的用法異同,能夠根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和交際條件靈活運(yùn)用介詞。此外,還應(yīng)注意介詞與動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞的固定搭配等。請(qǐng)廣大考生注意下面幾點(diǎn)。1)表示時(shí)間介詞注意點(diǎn):①in+一段時(shí)間=in+一段時(shí)間stime(與將來時(shí)連用)如:Wellmeet如:Wellmeet我們?nèi)旌笈鲱^。inthreedaystimewithin+一段時(shí)間(用于各種時(shí)態(tài))如:Youmustfinishreadingthebookwithinaweek.你必須在一周內(nèi)讀完這本書。②onChristmasDay在圣誕節(jié);atChristmas在圣誕節(jié)的幾天中③uptonow=untilnow,frommorningtillnight,forthetimebeing暫時(shí),attimes有時(shí),daybyday一天天地,innotime立刻。④during是介詞,不能引導(dǎo)從句。⑤over表示時(shí)間時(shí),除表示“在……期間,經(jīng)過(一段時(shí)間)”(相當(dāng)于during)外,還可表示“在(做)……時(shí)”。如:toholdameetingoverdinner吃飯時(shí)開會(huì)。He’stakingalongtimeoverit.他用了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間干這件事。2)注意一些表示地點(diǎn)場(chǎng)所介詞短語(yǔ)的引伸、比喻含義inthemud在泥中,beyondhope絕望,infreezing在嚴(yán)寒天氣中,indanger在危險(xiǎn)中,introuble在困境中,inpublic在公共場(chǎng)合中,underconstruction在建設(shè)中,onbusiness出差,inthesameboat處境一樣,onsale在出售3)表示方式、手段、工具等介詞(by,with,on,in)①by:Theblindmenthoughttheycouldlearnwhattheelephantlookedlikebytouchingit./makealivingbyteaching/byhand手工地,靠手工地,byletter,bypost,byelectricity,learnsth.byheart,struckbythebeauty因美麗而著迷Hewaspaidbythehour/theday/themonth/…他按時(shí)/日/月/…被付給工錢byplane/train/ship/air/water/sea/…,bymeansof用…手段,方式;bywayof經(jīng)由,取道于…learnEnglishby/over/through/ontheradio②on:liveonfood,kneelononesknees,lie/sleepononesback/side/face仰/側(cè)/俯臥(睡)③in:inEnglish,inink,insilence,inonevoice異口同聲地,inahurry匆忙地,insurprise驚訝地④with:writewithapen,workwithoneshands,smellwithonesnose,beatthehorsewithawhip(鞭子)4)介詞后接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)的特殊用法 介詞一般不能接that引導(dǎo)的的從句,而in/except可接that從句;介詞一般不接不定式,而but/except可接todo。高考真題練習(xí)1.(06全國(guó)卷II,18).Therewerealotofpeoplestandingatthedoorandthesmallgirlcouldn’tget_____.A.betweenB.throughC.acrossD.beyond2.(06北京卷)22.---Whendoweneedtopaythebalance?---__________September30.A.InB.ByC.DuringD.Within3.(06上海春)25.Moreandmoreyoungpeoplearefond___playingtennisnowadays.A.onB.to C.in D.of4.(06遼寧卷)28.Peoplehavealwaysbeencurious________howlivingthingsontheearthexactlybegan. A.in B.at C.of D.about5.(06四川卷)29.---Canhetakechargeofthecomputercompany?---I'mafraidit's________hisability.A.beyondB.withinC.ofD.to6.(06江西,23)Aftertheearthquake,theinjuredwerecared_________inthehospitalsortakenbyairtothehospitalsintheneighbouringcities.A.ofB.forc.afterD.with7.(06福建卷)23.Sorry,Madam.You’dbettercometomorrowbecauseit’s______thevisitinghours.A.duringB.atC.beyondD.before8.(06江蘇卷)24.Thisnewmodelofcarissoexpensivethatitis_______thereachofthosewithaverageincome.A.overB.withinC.beyondD.below9.(06安徽省)26.It’squite_______mewhysuchthingshavebeenallowedtohappen.A.forB.behindC.a(chǎn)gainstD.beyond10.(06陜西卷)10.Mysisterwasagainstmysuggestionwhilemybrotherwas_________it.A.infavourofB.inmemoryofC.inhonorofD.insearchof11.(06湖南卷)27.________achievement,lastweek’sministerialmeetingoftheWTOhereearnedalow,thoughnotfailing,grade.A.IntermsofB.IneaseofB.AsaresultofD.Infaceof12.(06山東卷)35.AcleanenvironmentcanhelpthecitybidfortheOlympics,which____willpromoteitseconomicdevelopment.A.innatureB.inreturnC.inturnD.infact13.(06湖南,25)Fred,whohadexpectedhowitwouldgowithhisdaughter,hadagreatworry______hismind. A.on B.in C.with D.at高考真題練習(xí)參考答案:B。through表示通過從中間空過或通過,如1)gothroughaforest2)Thesunlightgoesthroughthewindow.A項(xiàng)between常表兩者之間;C項(xiàng)across表從物體的表面通過;D項(xiàng)beyond表超出……的范圍,超過。B。句意:——我們需在什么時(shí)候還清余額?——要在九月三十日之前付上。by表示“截止到……,在……之前,不遲于”,如:Canyoufinishtheworkbytomorrow?你能在明天以前完成這工作嗎?D。根據(jù)名單可知是兩人之間互相保守秘密,C項(xiàng)一般表示三者或三者以上之間,不合題意。D。常見搭配:becuriousabout對(duì)……有好奇心。A。從最具殺傷力的“I’mafraid”可知beyondhisability(即超出了他的能力范圍)。B。carefor關(guān)心,照顧,屬固定搭配。C。句意:你最好明天來,因?yàn)橐呀?jīng)超過來訪時(shí)間了。beyond表示超過(某一時(shí)間),遲于;超出……范圍。C。beyondthereachofsb.超出了某人的能力范圍,beyond可強(qiáng)調(diào)超了自身所能達(dá)到的能力。C。beyondsb超出了他的理解范圍,聽不懂。10.C.句意:我姐姐反對(duì)我的建議而我哥哥贊成。Inhonorof為紀(jì)念,為慶祝;inmemoryof為紀(jì)念……;infavourof支持,贊成;insearchof尋找。11.A.句意:上周在這兒舉行的世貿(mào)組織部長(zhǎng)級(jí)會(huì)議只取得了很小的成就。Intermsof關(guān)于;incaseof如果,萬(wàn)一;asaresultof因?yàn)?;infaceof面對(duì)。12.C.句意:清潔的環(huán)境有助于城市申辦奧運(yùn)會(huì),這會(huì)促進(jìn)該城市經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。C項(xiàng)inturn:相應(yīng)地,轉(zhuǎn)而,符合題意。innature本質(zhì)上;infact事實(shí)上;inreturn作為回報(bào)。13.A。beonone’smind和havesth.onone’smind表示:“(使某人)為某事?lián)鷳n”。而bear/keepsb./sthinmind表示“記住某人/事”。考能提升訓(xùn)練1.Sofar,severalshipshavebeenreportedmissingthecoastofBermudaIsland.A.off B.along C.on D.around2.Itwaseasiertomoveaboutthefringeofthecrowd.A.at B.in C.on D.to3.Formilesaroundmethereisnothingbutadesert,withoutasingleplantoftree.A.insight B.ontheearth C.atadistance D.inaplace4.IwantedtwoseatsMadameCurieforFridaynight,soIrangthecinematoseeifIcouldbooktwotickets.A.of B.about C.to D.for5.—PoorTom!Hewillhavetoworkallthenextmonth.—Luckily,________thebasketballgamesareheld.A.except B.exceptthat C.exceptwhenD.exceptfor6.Thetwocountrieswerebetween1989and1992.A.peace B.atnowar C.atpeace D.atpeaceful7.Thebridgeis1000meterslength.A.with B.in C.at D.on8.Lookoutthetrafficwhencrossingtheroad.A.at B.of C.for D.with9.WeoftencallMartinLutherKingM.L.King.A.inshortB.forshortC.atshortD.toshort10.theendoflastterm,everystudentintheschool,Ithink,hastakenatleastfivemathstests.A.By B.Since C.From D.In11.—HowcanIgettotheislandyoumentioned?—Youcan’tgetthere________byswimming.A.otherthan B.morethan C.ratherthan D.lessthan12.—Ifin

溫馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請(qǐng)下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
  • 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請(qǐng)聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁(yè)內(nèi)容里面會(huì)有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒有圖紙。
  • 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文庫(kù)網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲(chǔ)空間,僅對(duì)用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理,對(duì)用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對(duì)任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
  • 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容,請(qǐng)與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
  • 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時(shí)也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對(duì)自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。

最新文檔

評(píng)論

0/150

提交評(píng)論