2024-2025學(xué)年新教材高中英語(yǔ)Unit1ScienceFictionUsingLanguage素養(yǎng)作業(yè)含解析新人教版選擇性必修第四冊(cè)

PAGEUnit1ScienceFictionUsingLanguageⅠ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1.Itismuchbetterifpaymentscanbefiguredoutonaweekly(week)basis.2.Hecalculated(calculate)hisgainsandlossesofmoneyandtheresultwasaminus.3.Theyfetched(fetch)watertwiceaweekfromthebottomofthehillwherethewellwas.4.That’sahardtruth—butit’snoexcuseforinaction(inactive).5.Thereisnotasharpdivision(divide)betweenthesetwoactivities.6.Iwaspreventedfromgoingtotheconcertbyurgent(urge)business.7.Worriedabouttheunfinishedhomework,Mikegotupandpaced(pace)upanddowntheroom.8.Hiseyesdarkenedandthecrowdedflaringstreetsbecomeblurred(blur)tohiseyes.9.Therewasaterribleexplosion(explode)atthechemicalplant.10.ThroughthathotsummerMartinandLeoralaboured(labour),painting.Ⅱ.用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~或副詞填空1.Hissecondbookturnedouttobearunawaybest-seller.2.Thesalesofcolddrinksusuallyfallawayinwinterwhileincreaseinsummer.3.MyjudgementisthatChicagoissuperiortoLosAngeleseconomically.4.Hispointofviewcameintoconflictwithmine.5.Theequipmentischeckedonaregularbasis.6.Whenhegrowsup,hewilltakeoverthecompanyfromhisfather.7.Notknowingwhichbookissuitableforhim,theboytookoneatrandom.8.IcalculatedthatIwasbeingpushedthroughtimeathundredsofyearsaminute.9.Isawhugebuildingsriseup,andthendisappearlikeinadream.10.Astreammarksthedivisionbetweenthetwofarms.Ⅲ.完成句子1.Idrewadeepbreath(深吸一口氣),graspedtheropeandslippeddownthemountain.

2.Thismodelistechnicallysuperiorto(超過(guò))itscompetitors.

3.Sheiswidelyregardedas(認(rèn)為)thecurrentleader’snaturalsuccessor.

4.Itishardtoexplain(很難說(shuō)明)thestrangeandunpleasantfeelingoftimetravelling.

5.Thecarisrunningataspeedof(以……的速度)sixtymilesanhour.

6.Therocketistravellingatmaximumspeed(以最大速度).

7.Afireworkexplodeswithasuddenloudnoise(突然一聲巨響).

8.Shewaschosenforthejobonthebasisof(依據(jù))herqualifications.

9.Whenweheardofthestory,wehadanurgetoknow(有劇烈愿望想知道)theendingofit.

10.Youjustmakeanoteof(登記來(lái))thetopicsthatarediscussedandtheresultofthediscussion.

Ⅰ.閱讀理解AForyears,theU.S.hasexperiencedashortageofregisterednurses.TheBureauofLaborStatisticsprojectsthatwhilethenumberofnurseswillincreaseby19percentby2024,demandwillgrowfasterthansupply,andthattherewillbeoveronemillionunfillednursingjobsbythen.Sowhat’sthesolution?Robots.Japanisaheadofthecurvewhenitcomestothistrend.ToyohashiUniversityofTechnologyhasdevelopedTerapio,aroboticmedicalcartthatcanmakehospitalrounds,delivermedicationsandotheritems.Itfollowsaspecificindividual,suchasadoctorornurse,whocanuseittorecordandaccesspatientdata.Thistypeofrobotwilllikelybeoneofthefirsttobeimplementedinhospitalsbecauseithasfairlyminimalpatientcontact.Arobot’sappearanceaffectsitsabilitytosuccessfullyinteractwithhumans,whichiswhytheRIKEN-TRIIt’simportanttonotethatroboticnursesdon’tdecidecoursesoftreatmentormakediagnoses,thoughrobotdoctorsandsurgeonsmaynotbefaroff.Instead,theyperformroutineandlaborioustasks,freeingnursesuptoattendtopatientswithimmediateneeds.Thisisoneindustrywhereitseemstheinteractionofrobotswillleadtocollaboration,notreplacement.【文章大意】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了日本幾款可以充當(dāng)某些看護(hù)工作的“機(jī)器人護(hù)士”,但也指出機(jī)器人不會(huì)取代護(hù)士,他們是合作而非替代關(guān)系。1.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutJapan?A.Itrankstopinfutureroboticstechnology.B.Ittakestheleadinofferingroboticnursing.C.Itisindesperateneedofregisterednurses.D.Itprovidesthebestmedicationfortheelderly.【解析】選B。細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)二三段的Sowhat’sthesolution?Robots.Japanisaheadofthecurvewhenitcomestothistrend.(那么解決方案是什么呢?機(jī)器人。在這一趨勢(shì)方面,日本走在了前面)可知,日本在供應(yīng)機(jī)器人護(hù)理方面是領(lǐng)先的。故選B。2.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“implemented”underlinedinParagraph3?A.Cancelled. B.Constructed.C.Improved. D.Applied.【解析】選D。詞義揣測(cè)題。依據(jù)第三段的其次、三句可知,豐橋科技高校開(kāi)發(fā)了機(jī)器人醫(yī)療推車(chē)Terapio,它可以在醫(yī)院巡察、運(yùn)輸藥物和其他物品。它跟著特定的人,例如醫(yī)生或者護(hù)士,他們可以運(yùn)用它來(lái)記錄以及運(yùn)用病人的數(shù)據(jù)。再結(jié)合畫(huà)線詞所在的句子,可推想,畫(huà)線詞的意思是“應(yīng)用的”,因?yàn)樯衔乃岬降膬?nèi)容,就是它在醫(yī)院的應(yīng)用狀況。故選D。3.WhatdoweknowabouttherobotActroidF?A.Ithasnodifferencefromahumannurse.B.Itgetsfavorableremarksfromallthepatients.C.Itinteractswithpatientslikeahumancompanion.D.Itusesbodylanguageevenmoreeffectivelythanwords.【解析】選C。細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段的第三句可知,這個(gè)可以溝通的機(jī)器人同伴眼睛里有照相機(jī),這使得它可以跟蹤病人,并用適當(dāng)?shù)拿娌勘砬楹椭w語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行互動(dòng),ActroidF最大的特點(diǎn)是它可以像人類(lèi)同伴一樣和病人進(jìn)行互動(dòng)。故選C。4.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Cooperationwillnotbereplaced.B.Nurseswillstillplaytheirroles.C.Theroboticsindustrywillbepromising.D.Robotscanmeetpatients’immediateneeds.【解析】選B。推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段的第一句可知,機(jī)器人護(hù)士不會(huì)確定治療的過(guò)程或者做出診斷;再結(jié)合最終一句,Thisisoneindustrywhereitseemstheinteractionofrobotswillleadtocollaboration,notreplacement.可推想,護(hù)士會(huì)接著履行自己的工作,因?yàn)闄C(jī)器人護(hù)士和人類(lèi)是合作關(guān)系,也不會(huì)確定治療過(guò)程或做出診斷,故選B。BWhetherinthehomeortheworkplace,socialrobotsaregoingtobecomealotmorecommoninthenextfewyears.Socialrobotsareabouttobringtechnologytotheeverydayworldinamorehumanizedway,saidCynthiaBreazeal,chiefscientistattherobotcompanyJibo.Whilehouseholdrobotstodaydothenormalhousework,socialrobotswillbemuchmorelikecompanionsthanmeretools.Forexample,theserobotswillbeabletodistinguishwhensomeoneishappyorsad.Thisallowsthemtorespondmoreappropriatelytotheuser.TheJiborobot,arrangedtoshiplaterthisyear,isdesignedtobeapersonalizedassistant.Youcantalktotherobot,askitquestions,andmakerequestsforittoperformdifferenttasks.Therobotdoesn’tjustdelivergeneralanswerstoquestions;itrespondsbasedonwhatitlearnsabouteachindividualinthehousehold.Itcandothingssuchasremindinganelderlyfamilymembertotakemedicineortakingfamilyphotos.Socialrobotsarenotjustfindingtheirwayintothehome.Theyhavepotentialapplicationsineverythingfromeducationtohealthcareandarealreadyfindingtheirwayintosomeofthesespaces.FellowRobotsisonecompanybringingsocialrobotstothemarket.Thecompany’s“Oshbot”robotisbuilttoassistcustomersinastore,whichcanhelpthecustomersfinditemsandhelpguidethemtotheproduct’slocationinthestore.Itcanalsospeakdifferentlanguagesandmakerecommendationsfordifferentitemsbasedonwhatthecustomerisshoppingfor.Themoreinteractiontherobothaswithhumans,themoreitlearns.ButOshbot,likeothersocialrobots,isnotintendedtoreplaceworkers,buttoworkalongsideotheremployees.“Wehavetechnologiestotrainsocialrobotstodothingsnotforus,butwithus,”saidBreazeal.【文章大意】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。本文主要介紹了社會(huì)機(jī)器人的功能與作用。5.Howaresocialrobotsdifferentfromhouseholdrobots?A.Theycancontroltheiremotions.B.Theyaremorelikehumans.C.Theydothenormalhousework.D.Theyrespondtousersmoreslowly.【解析】選B。細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文中其次段中的...socialrobotswillbemuchmorelikecompanionsthanmeretools.以及Forexample,theserobotswillbeabletodistinguishwhensomeoneishappyorsad.可知,社會(huì)機(jī)器人更像人,比如這些機(jī)器人能夠辨別人的心情是興奮還是哀痛。故選B。6.WhatcantheJiborobotdoaccordingtoParagraph3?A.Communicatewithyouandperformoperations.B.Answeryourquestionsandmakerequests.C.Takeyourfamilypicturesanddelivermilk.D.Obeyyourordersandremindyoutotakepills.【解析】選D。細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段Youcantalktotherobot,askitquestions,andmakerequestsforittoperformdifferenttasks.和Itcandothingssuchasremindinganelderlyfamilymembertotakemedicineortakingfamilyphotos.可知,這個(gè)機(jī)器人可以聽(tīng)你的指令,提示家庭成員吃藥或拍照。故選D。7.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthatsocialrobotswill.

A.trainemployeesB.beourworkmatesC.improvetechnologiesD.taketheplaceofworkers【解析】選B。推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段Breazeal的話“Wehavetechnologiestotrainsocialrobotstodothingsnotforus,butwithus”可以推斷出,社會(huì)機(jī)器人可以和我們一起做事情。故選B。8.Whatdoesthepassagemainlypresent?A.Anewdesignideaofhouseholdrobots.B.Marketingstrategiesforsocialrobots.C.Informationonhouseholdrobots.D.Anintroductiontosocialrobots.【解析】選D。主旨大意題。依據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知,文章主要介紹了社會(huì)機(jī)器人的功能與作用。故選D。Ⅱ.閱讀填句依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Areyouanangrybird?Whenyou’reangry,yourbodybecomestense.1Herearesomeothersimpletrickstochill(放松)andthinkbeforeyouact.

UnderstandyourangerThinklikeadetectiveandtrackdowncluesaboutthekindsofsituations,people,andeventsthatsetoffyouranger.2Evenifyoucan’tgetawayfromthem,atleastyou’llhavemoretimetoprepareforthemsotheydon’taffectyousonegatively.Youcanalsothinkofthesituationasanopportunitytopracticenotgettingmad.

GoforawalkWhenyougetreallyangry,walkawayfromthesource.A5-minutewalkoutsideoranothercalmingactivitylikeyogaarebothgreatstrategiesfordealingwithanger.Ifyourangerarisesfromthetrafficjamyou’restuckin,turnuptheradioandsingatthetopofyourlungs.3

Writeletters4Soifyou’retryingtocalmdownfast,grabyourjournalandwriteitallout.Youcansimplywriteyourownfeelingsortrywritingalettertothepersonwhoupsetsyou.Youneverhavetosenditandjustwritingitwillhelpyoufeelbetter.

TalkaboutyourangerIt’snotjustwritingthathelpsrelieveanger.5Thetrickisnottounloadyourangeronthepersonmakingyouupsetbuttoreleaseyourpressurebytalkingwithaneutral(中立的)friend,familymember,orspecialist.Aneutralobservercanbringreasonablejudgmenttothesituation.Youcaneventrytalkingoutloudtoyourselfaboutit.

Nowthatyou’velearnedhowtokeepyourangerincheck,trysomeoftheselittlechangesthatwillmakeyouahappierperson.A.Expressingitorallycanalsobeincrediblycalming.B.Onceyou’reawareofthem,trytoavoidthemaspossible.C.Writingoutyourfeelingsreallydoeshelpyoufeelbetter.D.Theideaistocreateamentalorphysicalescapefromthesituation.E.Losingyourtempermakesyoulooklikethebadguytoeveryoneelse.F.Deepbreathingisjustoneofthewaysyoucaninstantlyturnabadmoodaround.G.Exercisecanhelppeoplelowertheirlevelsofangerandothernegativeemotions.【文章大意】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了四種限制生氣的建議,建議人們?cè)囍鲆恍┠茏屪约焊鼩g樂(lè)的小變更。1.【解析】選F。依據(jù)上文Whenyou’reangry,yourbodybecomestense.可知當(dāng)你生氣時(shí),你的身體會(huì)變得驚慌。由此可知,本句承接上文說(shuō)明人生氣時(shí),會(huì)發(fā)出的一些動(dòng)作,例如深呼吸等。故F選項(xiàng)“深呼吸只是你能立即扭轉(zhuǎn)壞心情的方法之一”符合上下文語(yǔ)境,故選F。2.【解析】選B。依據(jù)上一句像偵探一樣思索,找出引起你生氣的各種狀況、人物和事務(wù)的線索。以及空后的句子即使你無(wú)法擺脫它們,至少你會(huì)有更多的時(shí)間來(lái)打算它們,這樣它們就不會(huì)對(duì)你產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響。可知,本句承接上文說(shuō)明,找到這些引起你生氣的各種狀況、人物和事務(wù)的線索之后,應(yīng)當(dāng)盡可能避開(kāi)它們。故B選項(xiàng)“一旦你意識(shí)到它們,盡可能避開(kāi)它們”符合上下文語(yǔ)境,故選B。3.【解析】選D。由空前句子可知當(dāng)你真的生氣的時(shí)候,遠(yuǎn)離源頭。5分鐘的戶外漫步或其他像瑜伽一樣的安靜活動(dòng)都是處理生氣心情的好方法。假如你的生氣是由于你被困在交通堵塞中,打開(kāi)收音機(jī),大聲唱歌。由此可知,本段說(shuō)明的是離開(kāi)讓你生氣的源頭,轉(zhuǎn)移留意力,創(chuàng)建一個(gè)精神或身體上的躲避狀況。故選D。4.【解析】選C。依據(jù)空后的句子可知,假如你想快速安靜下來(lái),拿起你的日記,把它全部寫(xiě)下來(lái)。你可以簡(jiǎn)潔地寫(xiě)下你自己的感受,或者試著寫(xiě)一封信給讓你不安的人。你不必發(fā)送它,只是寫(xiě)它會(huì)讓你感覺(jué)更好。由此可知,本段說(shuō)明的是生氣時(shí),寫(xiě)下你的感覺(jué),會(huì)讓你感覺(jué)更好。故選C。5.【解析】選A。依據(jù)本段小標(biāo)題Talkaboutyouranger(談?wù)撃愕纳鷼?以及空后的句子可知,訣竅不是把你的生氣發(fā)泄在讓你難受的人身上,而是通過(guò)和一個(gè)中立的摯友、家人或?qū)＜医徽剚?lái)釋放你的壓力。一個(gè)中立的視察者可以對(duì)狀況做出合理的推斷。你甚至可以試著大聲對(duì)自己說(shuō)。由此可知,本段主要說(shuō)明的是用口頭表達(dá)的方式來(lái)緩解生氣,讓自己安靜下來(lái)。故選A。主題活動(dòng)·遷移應(yīng)用Ⅰ.語(yǔ)用功能表達(dá)·表示時(shí)間依次的語(yǔ)篇標(biāo)記詞1.Firstofall,weshouldmakeprimaryeducationuniversal.首先我們應(yīng)普及初等教化。2.Wepickupacanfirst,andthenuseacanopeneronit.我們先拿起一個(gè)罐頭,然后用開(kāi)罐器來(lái)開(kāi)罐頭。3.Hisaccentatoncebetrayedthefactthathewasaforeigner.他的腔調(diào)立即顯示出他是一個(gè)外國(guó)人的事實(shí)。4.Alargecrowdheldameetingroundtherestaurantthefollowingday.其次天就有一大群人在那個(gè)餐館四周實(shí)行集會(huì)。·表達(dá)作者組織語(yǔ)篇方式的語(yǔ)篇標(biāo)記詞1.Videomayalsoproveusefulinsituationswherenotetakingisdifficult,suchasinamovingcar.在一些不適合做筆記的場(chǎng)合,例如行駛的車(chē)中,攝像也有用武之地。2.I’llseeyouinaweek’stime—thatistosay,nextMonday.我們見(jiàn)面時(shí)間支配在一星期后,也就是說(shuō)下星期一。3.That’squitetrue,butontheotherhand,wehavetothinkofourinterests.那很對(duì),但另一方面,我們必需考慮我們的利益。4.Inconclusion,wearenowinfaceofanewworld,wheretheideaofscienceitselfischanging.總之,我們正面對(duì)一個(gè)新世界,在新世界中,科學(xué)自身的概念也在發(fā)生變更。5.Wecan’tactonyouradvice.Nevertheless,thankyouforgivingit.我們不能照你