2024-2025學(xué)年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)講練測(cè)第05講必修1Unit5NelsonMandela-amodernhero練含解析

第05講必修1Unit5NelsonMandela--amodernhero——練Ⅰ.詞義辨析1．Mostdogswillnot________peopleiftheyareleftalone.A．buryB．escapeC．rewardD．a(chǎn)ttack2．Iftheybreaktheagreement，we’lltake________actionagainstthem.A．legalB．sincereC．equalD．frequent3．Theaimoftheseactivitiesisforpeopletobehappy，sothattherearenomorewarsor________.A．shortcomingB．violenceC．shelterD．disadvantage4．A________willbeofferedforinformationleadingtothearrestofthebankrobber.A．pipeB．voteC．rewardD．fare5．Wewereinvitedtogiveour________abouthowtheworkshouldbedone.A．a(chǎn)ttitudesB．identitiesC．opinionsD．purposes6．She’salwaysbeen________withmoney.Wheneverweeatout，sheneverpaysabill.A．meanB．generousC．legalD．selfish7．EverybodylikesJackverymuchbecauseheis________ingivinghelp.A．stubbornB．generousC．looseD．reliable8．Allouractivitiestookplaceunderthe________ofanexperiencedteacher.A．stageB．rewardC．titleD．guidance9．Teenagersneedtobe________aboutthedangersofsmoking.A．recognizedB．escapedC．educatedD．rescued10．TheUnitedStatesisnowplayingaleadingroleintheinternational________.A．paceB．trackC．eventD．stage【答案】DABCCABDCDII.短語填空asamatteroffact；introuble；turnto；cometopower；setup；freefrom；believein；stop...from...；findout；blowup1．Nobodyseemstounderstand.Idon’tknowwhoto________.2．AfterHitler_____________inGermany，EinsteinwasforcedtogotoAmerica.3．Whenhersonreturned，shewasatlast__________worries.4．Apoliceofficerwaskilledwhenhiscar________.5．Youcan’t__________people________sayingwhattheythink.6．Iknewhimwhenwewereincollege—________________wewereonthesamecourse.7．Nothinggiveshimmorepleasurethanhelpingsomeone__________.8．Thestudentcheatedintheexam，buthewas________soon.9．Youhavegotto___________yourself，oryou’llneversucceed.10．He________hisownbusinessafterhegraduatedfromuniversity.【答案】（1）turnto（2）cametopower（3）freefrom（4）blewup（5）stop...from...（6）asamatteroffact（7）introuble（8）foundout（9）believein（10）setupIII.完成句子1．Itwasin1952andMandelawastheblacklawyer_____________(我去向他征求建議)．(advise)towhomIwentforadvice2．ItwasverydangerousbecauseifIwascaught______________________(我可能要坐牢)．(prison)Icouldbeputinprison3．Hetaughtusduringthelunchbreaksandtheevenings_____________________(那時(shí)我們?cè)瓉響?yīng)當(dāng)睡覺)．(asleep)whenweshouldhavebeenasleepIV.仿照造句1．Wehavereachedastagewherewehavealmostnorightsatall.[翻譯]最終，這家工廠到了大量生產(chǎn)這種產(chǎn)品的階段。______________________________________________________Finally，thefactoryreachedastagewheretheproductscouldbemadeinlargeamounts.3．Onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.[翻譯]直到那個(gè)時(shí)候，我才有機(jī)會(huì)去實(shí)現(xiàn)我的幻想。______________________________________________OnlythendidIgetachancetoachievemydream.4．SinceIwasbettereducated，Igotajobworkinginanoffice.[翻譯]因?yàn)槲胰照Z懂得不多，所以聽不懂她說的話。_____________________________________________________SinceIunderstoodverylittleJapanese，Icouldn’tcatchwhatshesaid.5．Ifeltbadthe_first_timeItalkedtoagroup.[翻譯]我初次見到她時(shí)，就認(rèn)為她和善誠懇。_______________________________________________IthoughtherniceandhonestthefirsttimeIsawher.I.名詞性從句專練1.（2024·南京市鹽城市高三年級(jí)第一次模擬）27.Neverturndownajobbecauseyouthinkit’stoosmall.Youdon’tknow_____itcanlead.1.where考查名詞性從句。不要因?yàn)橛X得工作太小就拒絕它，你不知道它能引向何方。know后面接賓語從句，lead是不及物動(dòng)詞，后面不缺成分，故用副詞where引導(dǎo)從句，故填where。2.（2024·北京市東城區(qū)高三年級(jí)期末）TheyhadbookedaweeklongtriptoHawaii.Scotthatedwarmweatherandasked_______hecouldjuststayathisbestfriend’shousesothathecouldsnowboardeveryday.2.if/whether考查賓語從句的連接詞。斯科特厭煩溫煦的天氣，問他是否可以住在他最好的摯友家里，這樣他就可以每天玩滑雪板了。if/whether“是否”，引導(dǎo)ask的賓語從句。故填if/whether。3.（2024·北京市石景山區(qū)高三英語期末）Ilookedoutthewindowofthebusanddreamedabout________wewoulddowhileonourtrip.3.what考查賓語從句引導(dǎo)詞。我望著窗外的公共汽車，幻想著我們?cè)诼猛局袝?huì)做些什么。此處介詞about后面是賓語從句，從句謂語動(dòng)詞do是及物動(dòng)詞，缺少賓語，故填what。4.（2024·江蘇省南京市六校聯(lián)合體高三聯(lián)考）10.Ireallydon’tknow_________shegetsbyonsuchamodestsalary.4.how考查賓語從句。我真不知道她靠這么微薄的工資是怎么生活的。此處是how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，故填how。5.（2024·天津市第一中學(xué)高三上學(xué)期第三次月考）3.Saveyourapologyforyoureallymakeeverythingamess.5.when考查賓語從句。把你的致歉留到當(dāng)你真的把事情搞得一團(tuán)糟的時(shí)候吧。此處是介詞for后面when引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。故填when。6.（2024·江蘇省五校高三12月聯(lián)考）8.Thatpreservedhistoricvillageconnectedtodowntownbyahighwayis________manyofficeworkersspendtheirweekends.6.where考查表語從句。那條由高速馬路連接市中心的歷史悠久的村莊是很多上班族周末的去處。結(jié)合句意可知此處是where引導(dǎo)的表語從句，故填where。7.（天津市七校（靜海一中，楊村中學(xué)，寶坻一中，大港一中等）13.Itisgenerallybelievedthatcommunicationskillsarebecoming________ittakestobeagooddoctor.7.what考查名詞性從句的連接詞。人們普遍認(rèn)為，溝通技巧正漸漸成為一名好醫(yī)生的必備條件。在名詞性從句中，that無意義且在從句中不作任何成分?！癬_ittakestobeagooddoctor”是表語從句，從句中缺少takes的賓語，故填what。8.（2024·天津市第一中學(xué)高三上學(xué)期第一次月考）23._____weusedtoseeassomethingimpossibleisnowbecomingareality.18.What考查主語從句。我們過去認(rèn)為不行能的事情現(xiàn)在變成了現(xiàn)實(shí)。此處是主語從句做主語，從句中缺少引導(dǎo)詞，且謂語動(dòng)詞see缺少賓語，故填What。9.（江蘇省揚(yáng)州中學(xué)2025屆高三上學(xué)期12月月考）23.AllthemistakesIevermadeinmylifewere_______Iwantedtosay“No”andsaid“Yes”.9.when考查表語從句。在我的人生中所犯的全部錯(cuò)誤都是當(dāng)我想要說“不”，卻說了“是”。句中when引導(dǎo)表語從句，在句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語。故填when。10.（2024·江蘇省啟東中學(xué)高三上學(xué)期第一次月考）14.Intheopeningfoursentences,Dudescribed_______thecyclesofnaturehappen—theleavescomebacktothetrees,theflowersbloom,andthegrassgrowstall.10.how考查賓語從句。在開頭的四句話中，杜描述了自然的循環(huán)是如何發(fā)生的——樹葉回到樹上，花兒綻放，草長(zhǎng)得很高。theleavescomebacktothetrees,theflowersbloom,andthegrassgrowstall.是自然循環(huán)的過程，表示“如何，怎樣”，故填how。II．語法填空（2024·廣西高考模擬）閱讀下列材料，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。CaoYuan,a22-year-oldChinesedoctoralstudentinphysics,wasontopof1．_______mostimportantscientistsnamedbythejournalNaturein2024for2．________(discover)a“magicangle”ingraphene(石墨烯).Cao’sdiscoverytakesahugestepinthedecades-longsearchforsuperconductors(超導(dǎo)體)intheworld.WhywasCaoabletomakethediscovery?HisteachersthinkitisCao’sindependentlearningabilityandinterestindoingexperiments3．________matter.HishighschoolphysicsteachersaidCaohadastrongabilitytostudyon4．_______(he)ownandwasbravetochallengeteachersandaskdifficultquestions.“Caois5．_______(deep)curiousaboutlaboratoryequipment,”hiscollegeteachertoldNature.“EverytimeIgointoCao’soffice,it’s6．_________ahugemess,withcomputers7．________(pull)apartandpiecesoftelescopealloverhisdesk.”At14he8．__________(admit)intotheUniversityofScienceandTechnologyofChina’sSchooloftheGiftedYoung,aspecialschooltocultivate9．_________(teenager)intoworld-classtalents.ButCaodoesn’tthinkhimselfspecialandoftenstressesthatheisjustanordinarykidwho10．________(love)readingaboutscienceanddoingexperiments.“Afterall,weareallhumans,withshortcomingsandemotions,”heoncesaid.【文章大意】本文是一篇人物傳記。文章介紹了22歲的中國物理博士生曹元。1．the考查冠詞。22歲的中國物理博士生曹元因發(fā)覺石墨烯中的“魔法角”而被《自然》雜志評(píng)為2024年最重要的科學(xué)家。形容詞最高級(jí)前用定冠詞。故填the。2．discovering/havingdiscovered考查動(dòng)名詞。22歲的中國物理博士生曹元因發(fā)覺石墨烯中的“魔法角”而被《自然》雜志評(píng)為2024年最重要的科學(xué)家。介詞for可知后面應(yīng)當(dāng)用動(dòng)名詞。故填discovering/havingdiscovered。3．that考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句式。他的老師認(rèn)為，就是曹元的自主學(xué)習(xí)實(shí)力和對(duì)試驗(yàn)的愛好起著重要的作用。分析句子可知，本句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句式，其形式為：Itis(was)+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分(主語、賓語或狀語)+who(that)......。故填that。4．his考查代詞。他的中學(xué)物理老師說，曹元有很強(qiáng)的自學(xué)實(shí)力，敢于挑戰(zhàn)老師，提出難題。oneone’sown是固定短語，意思是“獨(dú)立地；獨(dú)自地”的意思。故填his。5．deeply考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。他的高校老師告知《自然》雜志：“曹元對(duì)試驗(yàn)室設(shè)備很新奇。副詞deeply修飾后面的形容詞curious。故填deeply。6．in考查介詞。每次我走進(jìn)曹元的辦公室，都是一團(tuán)糟，電腦被拆開，望遠(yuǎn)鏡碎片散落在他的辦公桌上。inamess是“凌亂，一團(tuán)糟”的意思。故填in。7．pulled考查過去分詞。每次我走進(jìn)曹的辦公室，都是一團(tuán)糟，電腦被拆開，望遠(yuǎn)鏡碎片散落在他的辦公桌上。分析句子可知，本句為with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，computers與pull在邏輯上是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。故填pulled。8．wasadmitted考查一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。14歲考入中國科技高校天才青年學(xué)院，特地培育青少年成為世界一流人才的學(xué)校。beadmittedto/into是“被錄用，被接納”的意思。故填wasadmitted。9．teenagers考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。14歲曹元考入中國科技高校天才青年學(xué)院，它特地培育青少年成為世界一流人才的學(xué)校。teenager為可數(shù)名詞，培育的是很多的青少年，故填teenagers。10．loves考查主謂一樣。但是曹元并不認(rèn)為自己很特殊，他常常強(qiáng)調(diào)自己只是一個(gè)一般的孩子，喜愛讀科學(xué)和做試驗(yàn)。分析句子可知，kid為先行詞，在后面的定語從句中作主語，且定語從句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，所以謂語用第三人稱單數(shù)形式loves。故填loves。III．(2024·江西新余四中高三月考)Manypeoplethinkofguysasbeingcarefreewhenitcomestotheirappearance．Butinfact,alotofguysspendplentyoftimeinfrontofthemirror．Theycarejustasmuchasgirlsdoabouttheirbodyimage．Bodyimageisaperson'sopinionsandfeelingsabouthisorherownbodyandphysicalappearance．__1__Youappreciateyourbodyforitscapabilitiesandacceptitsimperfections．__2__Herearesomeideas．Recognizeyourstrengths．Differentbodytypesaregoodfordifferentthings．Whatdoesyourbodydowell?Maybeyourspeed,strength,orcoordinationmakesyoubetterthanothersatacertainsport．Thatmaybebasketball,tabletennis,mountainbiking,dancing,orevenrunning．Orperhapsyouhavenon-sportsskills,likedrawing,painting,singing,playingamusicalinstrument,writing,oracting．__3__Exerciseregularly．Exercisecanhelpyoulookwellandfeelgoodaboutyourself．Goodphysiques(體形)don'tjusthappen．__4__Ahealthyhabitcanbeassimpleasexercising20minutesto1hourthreedaysaweek．Workingoutcanalsoliftyourspirits．Respectyourbody．Practicinggoodhabitsregularshowering;takingcareofyourteeth,hair,andskin;wearingcleanclothes,andsoon—canhelpyoubuildapositivebodyimage．__5__Yourbodyisjustonepartofwhoyouare．Yourtalentforcomedy,aquickwit(才智),andalltheotherthingsmakeyouunique．Sotrynottoletsmallimperfectionstakeover．A．Beyourself．B．Justexploretalentsthatyoufeelgoodabout．C．So,whatcanyoudotodevelopapositivebodyimage?D．Usethisasanopportunitytodiscoverwhatyou'regoodat．E．Thegoodnewsisthatself-imageandbodyimagecanbechanged．F．Theytakehardwork,regularworkouts,andahealthydiet．G．Havingapositivebodyimagemeansfeelingsatisfiedwiththewayyoulook．1．G設(shè)空處的下一句說明白觀賞自己身體形象的緣由，可推知上一句應(yīng)是一個(gè)承上啟下的句子，說明擁有主動(dòng)的身體形象所表達(dá)的意義，故選G(有主動(dòng)的身體形象觀念意味著你能悅納自己)。2．C空后的意思是：這里有一些想法。所以這里選C與下文語意順接。3．B上文提到不同的體質(zhì)擅長(zhǎng)不同的事情。所以這里選B承接上文，對(duì)其進(jìn)行總結(jié)。4．F空前的意思是：好的體形不會(huì)一蹴而就?？蘸蟮囊馑际牵航】档牧?xí)慣可能像一周有三天進(jìn)行二非常鐘到一個(gè)小時(shí)的熬煉這樣簡(jiǎn)潔。所以這里選F(它們須要艱苦的努力，有規(guī)律的熬煉和健康的飲食)，在語意上與上下文一樣。5．A你的身體是你自己的一部分，和其他部分一樣，使你成為別出心裁的自己，所以這里選A(做真實(shí)的自己。)作為本段小標(biāo)題。1.（2024年·新課標(biāo)卷II）題型體裁話題難度建議時(shí)間閱讀理解說明文介紹了幾位聞名的女性★★★☆☆6分鐘YouprobablyknowwhoMarieCuriewas,butyoumaynothaveheardofRachelCarson.Oftheoutstandingladieslistedbelow,whodoyouthinkwasthemostimportantwomanofthepast100years?JaneAddams(1860—1935)AnyonewhohaseverbeenhelpedbyasocialworkerhasJaneAddamstothank.Addamshelpedthepoorandworkedforpeace.Sheencouragedasenseofcommunity(社區(qū))bycreatingsheltersandpromotingeducationandservicesforpeopleinneed.In1931,AddamsbecamethefirstAmericanwomantowintheNobelPeacePrize.RachelCarson(1907—1964)Ifitweren’tforRachelCarson,theenvironmentalmovementmightnotexisttoday.Herpopular1962bookSilentSpringraisedawarenessofthedangersofpollutionandtheharmfuleffectsofchemicalsonhumansandontheworld’slakesandoceans.SandraDayO’Connor(1930—present)WhenSandraDayO’ConnorfinishedthirdinherclassatStanfordLawSchool,in1952,shecouldnotfindworkatalawfirmbecauseshewasawoman.ShebecameanArizonastatesenator(參議員)and,in1981,thefirstwomantojointheU.S.SupremeCourt.O’Connorgavethedecidingvoteinmanyimportantcasesduringher24yearsonthetopcourt.RosaParks(1913—2005)OnDecember1,1955,inMontgomery,Alabama,RosaParkswouldnotgiveupherseatonabustoawhitepassenger.HersimpleactlandedParksinprison.ButitalsosetofftheMontgomerybusboycott.Itlastedformorethanayear,andkickedoffthecivil-rightsmovement.＂TheonlytiredIwas,wastiredofgivingin,＂saidParks.【文章大意】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了不同領(lǐng)域的四位女性先驅(qū)。1．WhatisJaneAddamsnotedforinhistory?A．Hersocialwork.B．Herteachingskills.C．Hereffortstowinaprize.D．Hercommunitybackground.A。細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)JaneAddams下的第一句話AnyonewhohaseverbeenhelpedbyasocialworkerhasJaneAddamstothank.(任何一個(gè)受到社會(huì)工作者幫助的人都要感謝JaneAddams)可知，在歷史上，JaneAddams以她的社會(huì)工作而出名，與A項(xiàng)相符。文中未提及herteachingskills(她的教學(xué)技能)，只是談到了promotingeducation(促進(jìn)教化)，故B項(xiàng)與文章不符；JaneAddams獲得了諾貝爾和平獎(jiǎng)，但她不是因努力去獲獎(jiǎng)而出名的，根本上還是因?yàn)樗龅纳鐣?huì)工作，而且她也并非為了獲獎(jiǎng)才付出努力，故C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；是她的社會(huì)工作，以及她激勵(lì)的社區(qū)感讓她出名，D項(xiàng)Hercommunitybackground.(她的社區(qū)背景)與此不相符。2．WhatwasthereasonforO'Connor'sbeingrejectedbythelawfirm?A．Herlackofpropertraininginlaw.B．Herlittleworkexperienceincourt.C．Thediscriminationagainstwomen.D．Thepoorfinancialconditions.C。細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)SandraDayO'Connor下的第一句WhenSandraDayO'ConnorfinishedthirdinherclassatStanfordLawSchool...可知，她在斯坦福高校法學(xué)院受過教化，并非缺少正規(guī)的法律培訓(xùn)，故A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；文中未提及她在法庭上的工作閱歷少，故B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；依據(jù)．..shecouldnotfindworkatalawfirmbecauseshewasawoman.可知，她沒能在法律事務(wù)所找到工作，是因?yàn)樗且幻?，這與C項(xiàng)“對(duì)于女性的卑視”相符，故選C項(xiàng)；文中未提及她的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況，故D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。3．Whomadeagreatcontributiontothecivil-rightsmovementintheU．S.?A．JaneAddams.B．RachelCarson.C．SandraDayO'Connor.D．RosaParks.D。細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)RosaParks下的．..italsosetofftheMontgomerybusboycott.Itlastedformorethanayear，andkickedoffthecivil-rightsmovement.可知，它導(dǎo)致了蒙哥馬利巴士抵制運(yùn)動(dòng)，這場(chǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)持續(xù)了一年多，起先了民權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)，故選D項(xiàng)，是RosaParks對(duì)美國的民權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)做出了很大貢獻(xiàn)。24．Whatcanweinferaboutthewomenmentionedinthetext?A．Theyarehighlyeducated.B．Theyaretrulycreative.C．Theyarepioneers.D．Theyarepeace-lovers.解析：選C。推理推斷題。本題考查考生理解全文、提煉信息、概括總結(jié)的實(shí)力。依據(jù)JaneAddams下的．..thefirstAmericanwomantowintheNobelPeacePrize.，RachelCarson下的Ifitweren'tforRachelCarson，theenvironmentalmovementmightnotexisttoday.，SandraDayO'Connor下的．..thefirstwomantojointheU．S.SupremeCourt.以及RosaParks下的．..italsosetofftheMontgomerybusboycott...kickedoffthecivil-rightsmovement.可知，文中提到的這幾位女性都是不同領(lǐng)域的先驅(qū)(pioneer)，因此C項(xiàng)正確。B2.（2024年·新課標(biāo)III卷）題型體裁話題難度建議時(shí)間閱讀理解應(yīng)用文中國建筑設(shè)計(jì)師王澍獲獎(jiǎng)★★★☆☆5分鐘WhilefamousforeignarchitectsareinvitedtoleadthedesignsoflandmarkbuildingsinChinasuchasthenewCCTVtowerandtheNationalCenterforthePerformingArts,manyexcellentChinesearchitectsaremakinggreateffortstotakethecenterstage.Theireffortshavebeenprovenfruitful.WangShu,a49-year-oldChinesearchitect,wonthe2012PritzkerArchitecturePrize—whichisoftenreferredtoastheNobelPrizeinarchitecture—onFebruary28.HeisthefirstChinesecitizentowinthisaward.WangservesasheadoftheArchitectureDepartmentattheChinaAcademyofArt(CAA).HisofficeislocatedattheXiangshancampus(校內(nèi))oftheuniversityinHangzhou,ZhejiangProvince.Manybuildingsonthecampusarehisoriginalcreations.ThestyleofthecampusisquitedifferentfromthatofmostChineseuniversities.Manyvisitorswereamazedbythecomplexarchitecturalspaceandabundantbuildingtypes.Thecurves(曲線)ofthebuildingsperfectlymatchtheriseandfallofhills,formingauniqueview.Wangcollectedmorethan7millionabandonedbricksofdifferentages.Heaskedtheworkerstousetraditionaltechniquestomakethebricksintowalls,roofsandcorridors.ThiscreationattractedalotofattentionthankstoitsmixtureofmodernandtraditionalChineseelements(元素).Wang’sworksshowadeepunderstandingofmodernarchitectureandagoodknowledgeoftraditions.Throughsuchabalance,hehadcreatedanewtypeofChinesearchitecture,saidTadaoAndo,thewinnerofthe1995PritzkerPrize.Wangbelievestraditionsshouldnotbesealedinglassboxesatmuseums."Thatisonlyevidencethattraditionsonceexisted,"hesaid."ManyChinesepeoplehaveamisunderstandingoftraditions.Theythinktraditionmeansoldthingsfromthepast.Infact,traditionalsoreferstothethingsthathavebeendevelopingandthatarestillbeingcreated,"hesaid."Today,manyChinesepeoplearelearningWesternstylesandtheoriesratherthanfocusingonChinesetraditions.Manypeopletendtotalkabouttraditionswithoutknowingwhattheyreallyare,"saidWang.Thestudyoftraditionsshouldbecombinedwithpractice.Otherwise,therecreationoftraditionswouldbeartificialandempty,hesaid.體裁：新聞報(bào)道題材：中國建筑主題：中國優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)建筑文化【文章大意】本文報(bào)道了中國建筑設(shè)計(jì)師王澍在其作品中弘揚(yáng)中國傳統(tǒng)文化，最終榮獲素有“建筑學(xué)界諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)”之稱的普利茲克建筑獎(jiǎng)。【段意梳理】第一段：眾多中國優(yōu)秀建筑設(shè)計(jì)師正走向世界建筑設(shè)計(jì)舞臺(tái)中心。其次段：中國建筑設(shè)計(jì)師王澍榮獲普利茲克建筑獎(jiǎng)。第三段：建筑設(shè)計(jì)師王澍的身份及工作地介紹。第四段：杭州香山學(xué)院的建筑風(fēng)格。第五段：建筑設(shè)計(jì)師王澍的創(chuàng)作特點(diǎn)。第六段：建筑設(shè)計(jì)師王澍作品的內(nèi)涵。第七、八段：建筑設(shè)計(jì)師王澍對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的理解。第九段：很多中國人對(duì)西式風(fēng)格的學(xué)習(xí)和對(duì)中式傳統(tǒng)的誤會(huì)。第十段：對(duì)待傳統(tǒng)的正確看法?！颈尘皩W(xué)問】傳統(tǒng)指的是歷史沿傳而來的思想、道德、風(fēng)俗、藝術(shù)以及制度等。傳統(tǒng)文化就是文明演化而匯合成的一種反映民族特質(zhì)和風(fēng)貌的民族文化，是歷史上各種思想文化、觀念形態(tài)的總體表征，是一個(gè)國家、一個(gè)民族的靈魂。文化興國運(yùn)興，文化強(qiáng)民族強(qiáng)。沒有高度的文化自信，沒有文化的旺盛興盛，就沒有民族的復(fù)興。中華優(yōu)秀建筑文化源自中華民族五千多年文明歷史所孕育的優(yōu)秀中華傳統(tǒng)文化，講解并描述的是中國經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)和文化的發(fā)展，弘揚(yáng)的是宏大的民族精神，堅(jiān)決的是中華民族的文化自信。5．Wang'swinningoftheprizemeansthatChinesearchitectsare．A．followingthelatestworldtrendB．gettinginternationalrecognitionC．workingharderthaneverbeforeD．relyingonforeignarchitectsB。考查推理推斷。依據(jù)其次段中的“WangShu，a49?year?oldChinesearchitect,wonthe2012PritzkerArchitecturePrize－whichisoftenreferredtoastheNobelPrizeinarchitecture－onFebruary28.”可知，中國49歲的建筑師王澍獲得了2012年普利茲克建筑獎(jiǎng)，即他的作品贏得了國際的認(rèn)同和確定，故選B。A項(xiàng)曲解文意，王澍獲獎(jiǎng)并不意味著中國的建筑設(shè)計(jì)師正緊跟世界最新潮流；C項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)均屬無中生有，與文中信息不符。6．WhatimpressedvisitorstotheCAAXiangshancampusmost?A．Itshillyenvironment. B．Itslargesize.C．Itsuniquestyle. D．Itsdiversefunctions.C?？疾榧?xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)第四段中的“ThestyleofthecampusisquitedifferentfromthatofmostChineseuniversities.”和“Thecurves(曲線)ofthebuildingsperfectlymatchtheriseandfallofhills,formingauniqueview.”可知，杭州香山學(xué)院的建筑風(fēng)格與中國其他高校的校內(nèi)建筑有很大差異，建筑曲線與山巒起伏完備融合，形成了一道獨(dú)特的風(fēng)景。故選C。A項(xiàng)“Itshillyenvironment”(丘陵環(huán)境)曲解文意；B項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)屬無中生有。7．WhatmadeWang'sarchitecturaldesignasuccess?A．Themixtureofdifferentshapes.B．ThebalanceofEastandWest.C．Theuseofpopulartechniques.D．Theharmonyofoldandnew.D。考查細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)第五段中的“ThiscreationattractedalotofattentionthankstoitsmixtureofmodernandtraditionalChineseelements(元素)．”可知，王澍的作品之所以引起了廣泛的關(guān)注，是因?yàn)樗谧髌分袑⒅袊ㄖ膫鹘y(tǒng)和現(xiàn)代元素進(jìn)行了有機(jī)融合，構(gòu)成了傳統(tǒng)與現(xiàn)代的和諧，故選D。A項(xiàng)曲解文意，是傳統(tǒng)與現(xiàn)代元素的融合而非不同形態(tài)的混合，B項(xiàng)指中西建筑文化的平衡，C項(xiàng)為時(shí)尚技術(shù)的運(yùn)用，均不符合文意。8．WhatshouldwedoaboutChinesetraditionsaccordingtoWang?A．Spreadthemtotheworld.B．Preservethematmuseums.C．Teachtheminuniversities.D．Recreatetheminpractice.D?？疾橥评硗茢?。依據(jù)最終一段可知，中國的傳統(tǒng)應(yīng)當(dāng)與實(shí)踐緊密聯(lián)系，否則它的再創(chuàng)建就會(huì)是不自然的、無意義的。故選D。A項(xiàng)“Spreadthemtotheworld”，屬無中生有；B項(xiàng)將其保存在博物館，屬混淆黑白；文章以高校校內(nèi)為例說明建筑藝術(shù)的規(guī)劃，而非在高校里教授傳統(tǒng)建筑藝術(shù)，故C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。3.【2024·全國I】閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Duringmysecondyearatthecitycollege,Iwastoldthattheeducationdepartmentwasofferinga“free”course,calledThinkingChess,forthreecredits．I__1__theideaoftakingtheclassbecause,afterall,whodoesn'twantto__2__afewdollars?Morethanthat,I'dalwayswantedtolearnchess．And,evenifIweren't__3__enoughaboutfreecredits,newsaboutour__4__wasappealingenoughtome．Hewasaninternationalgrandmaster,which__5__Iwouldbelearningfromoneofthegame's__6__．Icouldhardlywaitto__7__him．MauriceAshleywaskindandsmart,aformergraduatereturningtoteach,andthis__8__wasnogameforhim;hemeantbusiness．Inhisintroduction,hemadeit__9__thatourcreditswouldbehardearned．Inorderto__10__theclass,amongothercriteria,wehadtowriteapaperonhowweplanto__11__whatwewouldlearninclasstoourfutureprofessionsand,__12__，toourlives．ImanagedtogetanAinthat__13__andlearnedlifelessonsthathaveservedmewellbeyondthe__14__．TenyearsaftermychessclasswithAshley,I'mstillputtingtousewhathe__15__me,“Theabsolutemostimportant__16__thatyoulearnwhenyouplaychessishowtomakegood__17__．Oneverysinglemoveyouhaveto__18__asituation,processwhatyouropponent(對(duì)手)isdoingand__19__thebestmovefromamongallyouroptions．”Thesewordsstillringtruetodayinmy__20__asajournalist．篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章講解并描述了“我”在大二學(xué)的免費(fèi)課程——下棋，并講解并描述了它對(duì)“我”生活的指導(dǎo)意義。1．A．putforwardB．jumpedat C．triedout D．turneddown答案：B依據(jù)上文的“a‘free’course”和下文“誰不想省下幾美元”推斷，作者迫不及待地接受了上課的念頭。jumpat意為“迫不及待地接受”，符合語境。2．A．waste B．earn C．save D．pay答案：C此處和上文的“a‘free’course”呼應(yīng)，指能省錢。save“節(jié)約”，符合語境。3．A．excited B．worried C．moved D．tired答案：A依據(jù)上文可知，作者對(duì)免費(fèi)上課能拿學(xué)分這件事很感愛好，而且他想學(xué)國際象棋。此句是evenif引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，因此選擇excited，表示即使對(duì)免費(fèi)的學(xué)分不激烈，教練也足以吸引他。4．A．title B．competitor C．textbook D．instructor答案：D此處是指國際象棋課程的教練(instructor)。5．A．urged B．demanded C．held D．meant答案：D此空格后是對(duì)上文“aninternationalgrandmaster”的進(jìn)一步說明說明，mean(that)．．．意為“意味著”，符合語境。6．A．fastest B．easiest C．best D．rarest答案：C依據(jù)上文“教練是國際象棋大師”可知，作者能師從這個(gè)項(xiàng)目頂尖人物，故選擇best，意為“最好的人(或事物)”，符合語境。7．A．interview B．meet C．challenge D．beat答案：B依據(jù)上文，教練是國際象棋大師，作者能從中受益良多，因此作者迫不及待地想見到他，故選擇meet。8．A．chance B．qualification C．honor