語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題01 冠詞

語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題01冠詞精講+演練冠詞是一種虛詞，它置于名詞前，掛念說(shuō)明名詞的含義。冠詞本身不能單獨(dú)使用，在句子中不重讀。冠詞可以分為不定冠詞和定冠詞。此外，在某些狀況下是不使用冠詞的，這種不使用冠詞的狀況叫做零冠詞。【用法講解】1.不定冠詞的用法：不定冠詞包括a/an，只用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前。a用于以輔音音素開(kāi)頭的單詞前，an用于以元音音素開(kāi)頭的單詞前。它們的意思相當(dāng)于one,但是不像one一樣強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量。不定冠詞在很多狀況下可以譯成“一”、“每”，有時(shí)可以不譯出。例如：Thereisabookonthetable.桌子上有一本書(shū)。Pleasegivemeanapple.請(qǐng)給我一個(gè)蘋(píng)果。不定冠詞的具體用法包括以下幾個(gè)方面：1）表示一類(lèi)人或者一類(lèi)事物中的一個(gè)。例如：He’sanEnglishteacher.他是個(gè)英語(yǔ)老師。It’sanactionmovie.這是一部動(dòng)作片。2）指某人或某物，但不具體說(shuō)明是何人或何物。例如：Agirliswaitingforyouattheschoolgate.一個(gè)女孩在校門(mén)口等你。Isthereabanknearhere?這四周有銀行嗎？3）用在時(shí)間、速度、價(jià)格等前，表示“每一”，相當(dāng)于every。例如：－Howmucharetheoranges?桔子多少錢(qián)？－Twoyuanakilo.每公斤兩元。Igotoschoolfivedaysaweek.我一周上五天課。4）用在某一些固定搭配的短語(yǔ)中。例如：alotof很多alittle/afew一點(diǎn)afterawhile一會(huì)兒havealook看一看haveagoodtime玩得興奮haveacold感冒5）用在序數(shù)詞前，表示“又一”，“再一”。例如，Ihavethreebooks.Iwanttobuyafourthone.我已經(jīng)有三本書(shū)，我想買(mǎi)第四本。Iwanttohaveathirdtry.我想要試第三次。2.定冠詞的用法：定冠詞the用于名詞（可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)，以及不行數(shù)名詞）前表特指，翻譯為“這個(gè)（些），那個(gè)（些）”，或者不翻譯。具體用法如下：1）特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。例如：Theappleontheplateisforyou.盤(pán)子里的蘋(píng)果是你的。Thebookonthedeskismine.桌子上的那本書(shū)是我的。2）說(shuō)話雙方都知道的人或者事物。例如：Pleasegoandclosethedoor.請(qǐng)過(guò)去把門(mén)關(guān)上。－Howmuchisit?這個(gè)多少錢(qián)？－Tendollars.10美元。3）指上文剛提到的人或物。例如：Ifoundapictureinthebox.Thepicturewasverybeautiful.我在箱子里發(fā)覺(jué)了一幅畫(huà)。那幅畫(huà)格外秀麗。Thereisagirlintheroom.Thegirlismysister.房間里有個(gè)女孩，那個(gè)女孩是我姐姐（妹妹）。4）用在世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物前面。例如：Thesunisbiggerthanthemoon.太陽(yáng)比月亮大。Whichisbigger,thesunortheearth?哪一個(gè)大，太陽(yáng)還是地球？5）用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞的最高級(jí)前面。例如：Youarethebeststudentinourschool.你是我們學(xué)校最好的。Don’tputoffwhatyoushoulddotothelastsecond.不要把該做的事拖到最終時(shí)刻。6）用在一般名詞構(gòu)成的專(zhuān)出名詞前。例如：theGreatWall長(zhǎng)城theSummerPalace頤和園7）用在樂(lè)器名稱(chēng)前。例如：Thelittlegirllikesplayingtheviolin.那個(gè)小女孩寵愛(ài)拉小提琴。8）用在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)前，表示“某某一家人或者夫妻倆”。例如：theGreens格林一家/格林夫婦theBlacks布萊克一家/布萊克夫婦9）用在某些固定搭配的習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)中。例如：inthemorning在上午bytheway順便說(shuō)一下atthesametime同時(shí)inthemiddleof在……中間makethebed鋪床allthetime始終3.零冠詞的用法：?jiǎn)为?dú)使用名詞不使用冠詞的狀況，在英語(yǔ)中稱(chēng)為零冠詞的用法。常見(jiàn)的零冠詞的用法有：1）專(zhuān)出名詞(人名、地名國(guó)名等)和不行數(shù)名詞前。例如：TheyliveinChina.他們住在中國(guó)。HisnameisLiLei.他叫李雷。Shelikesdrinkingmilkverymuch.她很寵愛(ài)喝牛奶。2）復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類(lèi)人或事物時(shí)。例如：Ilikepandas.Theyareverycute.我寵愛(ài)熊貓。它們格外可愛(ài)。Shethinksthrillersareveryscary.她認(rèn)為恐怖片很可怕。3）在稱(chēng)呼語(yǔ)、頭銜和職務(wù)名稱(chēng)前。例如：IlikemyEnglishteacher,MissWang.我寵愛(ài)我的英語(yǔ)老師——王老師。ItwasCaptainRichardMadden.他是理查德·馬登上尉。（表示不明身份的人時(shí)用代詞it）4）四季、月份、節(jié)假日、日期和星期等名詞前不用冠詞。例如：TheywillhaveafootballmatchonFriday.星期五他們將有一場(chǎng)足球賽。留意：當(dāng)談?wù)摼唧w的季節(jié)、日期和中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日時(shí)常用定冠詞。Idon’tlikethespringofBeijing.It’stoosandy.我不寵愛(ài)北京的春天，沙塵太多了。5）一日三餐、球類(lèi)運(yùn)動(dòng)前不用冠詞。例如：Mybrotherisplayingbasketballwithhisfriendsnow.我弟弟正在和伴侶們打籃球。Shehasbreakfastatsixo’clock.她六點(diǎn)吃早餐。6）名詞前已經(jīng)有做定語(yǔ)的詞this,that,my,your,some,any,each,every等修飾時(shí)。例如：Thisismybook.這是我的書(shū)。Somepeopledon’tlikehisnewmovie.一些人不寵愛(ài)他的新電影。7）某些固定詞組中不用冠詞。例如：atschool在校學(xué)習(xí)inhospital住院gotobed上床睡覺(jué)facetoface面對(duì)面onfoot步行bybus乘公共汽車(chē)一、單項(xiàng)選擇1．—Excuseme,couldyougiveme________eraser?Imadeamistakejustnow.—Oh,sorry.Idon’thave________.A．a(chǎn)n;it B．the;one C．a(chǎn)n;one D．a(chǎn);one2．Ihave________uncle.HeisinGuangzhounow.A．a(chǎn) B．a(chǎn)n C．the3．—Whois________girlunderthebigtree?—Theonewith________orangehat?She’smycousin,Jenny.A．the;an B．a(chǎn);an C．the;a D．a(chǎn);the4．Lilycanplay_______violinandherbrothercanplay_______tennis．A．the；the B．the；／ C．／；the D．／；／5．Thereis________Englishdictionaryonthedesk.Pleasegive________dictionarytoSam.A．a(chǎn);a B．a(chǎn)n;an C．a(chǎn)n;the D．a(chǎn);the6．Canyousee________“s”and________“u”intheword“supper”?A．a(chǎn)n;a B．a(chǎn)n;an C．a(chǎn);an D．the;the7．Helikesplaying________pianoandhelikesplaying________volleyball,too.A．the;the B．/;the C．the;/ D．/;/8．—Isthere________bookshopnearhere?—Yes.ThisisXinhuaStreet.Goalong________streetandturnleft.Youcanseeitthen.A．a(chǎn);a B．a(chǎn);the C．the;a D．the;the9．—What’sthat?—It’s________redclock,and________clockisverygood.A．a(chǎn)n;the B．a(chǎn);the C．the;an D．a(chǎn)n;a10．Heplays_________footballwell.A．a(chǎn) B．a(chǎn)nC．the D．/11．Cindyfound_________IDcard.Ithink________IDcardismine.A．a(chǎn)n;the B．a(chǎn)n;a C．the;an12．—What’sthisinEnglish?—It’s________whiteeraser.A．a(chǎn) B．a(chǎn)n

C．the13．Thisis________Englishgirl.Sheis________theUnitedKingdom.A．a(chǎn);in B．a(chǎn)n;from C．a(chǎn);to D．a(chǎn)n;of14．Ihave________eraser.________eraserisinmybag.A．a(chǎn)；A B．a(chǎn)n；The C．the；An D．a(chǎn)；The15．Myfatheroftenplays__________footballwithmeintheplayground.A．a(chǎn) B．the C．/ D．a(chǎn)n16．Mymomis________teacher.She’s________Englishteacher.A．the;a B．a(chǎn);an C．a(chǎn)n;a D．a(chǎn);a17．—Thereis_____oldbike.—_____oldbikeisMr.Zhao’s.A．a(chǎn),An B．a(chǎn),The C．a(chǎn)n,The D．a(chǎn)n,A18．Thereis______oldwomannearthehouse.A．a(chǎn) B．a(chǎn)n C．the D．/19．Therearefourseasonsin______year.A．a(chǎn) B．a(chǎn)n C．the D．/20．Alicelikesplaying_______piano.A．a(chǎn) B．a(chǎn)n C．the D．/21．SheoftenwatchesTVafter_______dinner.A．a(chǎn) B．a(chǎn)n C．the D．/22．Thereis_______clockonthewall.A．a(chǎn) B．a(chǎn)n C．the D．/23．IthinkEnglishisuseful,soIlearnitfor____________houreveryday.A．a(chǎn)n B．a(chǎn) C．/ D．the24．Thereis________umbrellaand________usefulbook.A．a(chǎn)n;a B．a(chǎn);an C．the;an D．a(chǎn)n;an25．Thegirlhas________roundfaceand________shorthair.A．a(chǎn);/ B．a(chǎn);a C．/;a D．/;/26．Everyoneinthefuturewillget_______goodjob.A．a(chǎn) B．two C．/ D．a(chǎn)n27．Thereis________artroominourschool.Wecandrawthere.A．a(chǎn) B．a(chǎn)n C．the D．/28．Thereis________bookonthedesk.A．a(chǎn) B．a(chǎn)n C．/ D．two29．—Look!Is________carwhite?

—No,it’s________orangecar.A．the;a B．a(chǎn);the C．a(chǎn);an D．the;an30．—Haveyougot________computer?—Yes,Ihave.Ioftensendphotostomyfriendsby________email.A．a(chǎn);an B．不填;an C．a(chǎn);不填 D．不填;不填二、語(yǔ)法選擇請(qǐng)通讀下面短文，把握其大意，依據(jù)語(yǔ)法和上下文連貫的要求，從每小題所給的三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)最佳答案。Onceuponatime,therewasarichman.Hehadalotofmoney,31heneverhelpedhispoorneighbours.Hehid(藏)hismoney32atree.Everyweek,hecametodig(挖)itupandhavealook.Onenight,somebody33allthemoneyaway.When34richmancameagain,hefoundnothingbutanempty(空的)hole.Wherewasthemoney?Hewas35,andthencriedloudly.Alltheneighboursheard36andcamearoundhim.Hetoldthem37hecameandsawhismoneybefore.“Youshouldbe38now,”saidoneoftheneighbours.“Why?”heasked.“Althoughyouhavemuchmoney,youalwaysworryabout39it.Butnow,youdon’thaveto.Instead(相反),youcanenjoybeautifulthingsaroundyou.”Sometimes,losingisanother40ofgaining(收獲).31．A．a(chǎn)nd B．but C．so32．A．on B．in C．under33．A．take B．willtake C．took34．A．a(chǎn) B．a(chǎn)n C．the35．A．surprising B．surprised C．surprise36．A．him B．he C．his37．A．how B．who C．where38．A．happy B．happier C．happiest39．A．lose B．losing C．tolose40．A．way B．ways C．way’s三、短文填空依據(jù)Morepractice部分的內(nèi)容，依據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語(yǔ)法性和上下文連貫的要求，在空格處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或使用括號(hào)中詞語(yǔ)的正確形式填空。TheSuncomesup,andthecleanerstartshisday.Hegetshisbroomandheis41hisway.Hecleansupthingsthatpeopledrop.Fromdawn42dusk,henever43(stop).Hesweepsthestreets,andmakesthem44(clean).Andhehelpskeep45(us)citygreen.Nightisfalling,46theskyisdark.Theonlysounds47(be)dogsthatbark.Thepolicemendrivealongthestreetsallnight48(stop)thievesandthosewhofight.Itis49dangerousjob,buttheyarebrave.Theyhelpkeepourcity50(safely).四、閱讀還原依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從文后選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有一項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Leois