語(yǔ)法專題12 祈使句和感嘆句

語(yǔ)法專題12祈使句和感嘆句一、祈使句用于表達(dá)命令、懇求、勸告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句。祈使句最常用于表達(dá)命令。祈使句因?qū)ο?即主語(yǔ))是其次人稱，所以通常都省略主語(yǔ)。祈使句的開頭動(dòng)詞都為原形，句末則使用句號(hào)或嘆號(hào)。Goandwashyourhands.去洗你的手。(命令)Bequiet,please.請(qǐng)安靜。(懇求)Bekindtoyoursisters.對(duì)妹妹要和善。(勸告)Lookout!Danger!當(dāng)心！危急！(警告)Keepoffthegrass.勿踐踏草坪。(禁止)1.祈使句的形式（1）確定祈使句的表現(xiàn)形式：Do型動(dòng)詞原形(＋賓語(yǔ))＋其他成分Pleasehaveaseathere.請(qǐng)這邊坐。Be型Be＋表語(yǔ)(名詞或形容詞)＋其他成分Beagoodboy！要做一個(gè)好孩子！Let型Let＋賓語(yǔ)＋動(dòng)詞原形＋其他成分Letmehelpyou.讓我來(lái)幫你?！镜淅俊猒____________dressednow!Wehavetogointenminutes.—OK,Mom.A.Getting B.Get C.Toget D.Gets（2）否定祈使句的表現(xiàn)形式：①Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加Don’t。Don’tforgetme!不要遺忘我！Don’tbelateforschool!上學(xué)不要遲到?、贚et型的否定式有兩種：＂Don’t＋let＋賓語(yǔ)＋動(dòng)詞原形＋其他成分＂和＂Let＋賓語(yǔ)＋not＋動(dòng)詞原形＋其他成分＂。Don’tlethimgo./Lethimnotgo.別讓他走。③有些可用no開頭，用來(lái)表示禁止性的祈使句。Nosmoking!禁止吸煙！Nofishing!禁止垂釣！【典例】Daniel,_____________playwiththemobilephonewhileyou’rewalkinginthestreet.A.don’t B.doesn’t C.won’t D.can’t【口訣】祈使句用法歌訣祈使句用法歌訣祈使句，祈使句，懇求、命令或建議。主語(yǔ)是you常省去，動(dòng)詞原形開頭記。否定形式要留意，句首要把Don’t加。要講客氣用please，句首、句末沒(méi)關(guān)系?？枷蛞唬焊袊@句的基本用法用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人猛烈的喜、怒、哀、樂(lè)等感情的句子，叫感嘆句。感嘆句由what或how引導(dǎo)，具體用法如下表：類別結(jié)構(gòu)例句what引導(dǎo)What+a/an+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞（+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)）!Whatakindgirl(sheis)!（她是）一個(gè)多么和善的女孩啊！What+形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞/不行數(shù)名詞（+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)）!Whatbeautifulflowers(theyare)!多么秀麗的花！Whatbadweather(itis)!多么糟糕的天氣！how引導(dǎo)How+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)!Howtimeflies!時(shí)間飛逝！How+形容詞/副詞（+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)）!Howbrave(theherois)!（這個(gè)英雄）真英勇！Howslowlyhewalks!他走得多慢啊!How+形容詞+a/an+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞（+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)）!Howclever(aboyheis)!（他是）一個(gè)多么聰慧的男孩?。。?022·四川達(dá)州·中考真題）—GuAiling________herdreamandwontwogoldmedalsinBeijing2022WinterOlympics.—___________excellentgirl!A．a(chǎn)chieved;How B．cametrue;How C．a(chǎn)chieved;Whatan D．cametrue;Whatan考向二：陳述句改感嘆句陳述句變?yōu)楦袊@句時(shí)，常使用＂一斷二加三換位＂的方法：1.＂一斷＂，即在謂語(yǔ)后邊斷開，使句子分為兩部分。Sheis‖abeautifulgirl.她是一位秀麗的姑娘。Heworks‖hard.他工作努力。2.＂二加＂，即假如其次部分為副詞、形容詞，就加上how；假如是一個(gè)名詞(詞組)，就加上what。Sheis‖(what)abeautifulgirl.Heworks‖(how)hard.3.＂三換位＂，即把第一部分與其次部分互換位置，同時(shí)把句號(hào)換為感嘆號(hào)。Whatabeautifulgirlsheis!Howhardheworks!感嘆句記憶口訣感嘆句，并不難，what與how應(yīng)在前。形容詞、副詞跟著how，what后面名詞連。名詞若是可數(shù)單，前帶冠詞a或an。主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)放后面，省略它們也常見(jiàn)一、單項(xiàng)選擇1．________climbthemountains(山).A．Not B．Don’t C．Notdo D．No2．Let’s________andplay________soccertogether,shallwe?A．go;the B．goes;/C．going;/ D．go;/3．—Let’s________forawalk,shallwe?—Goodidea.A．togo B．go C．going4．It’stoomessy.Please_____thatboxunderthebed.A．toput B．putting C．put D．puts5．________getoffthebusbeforeitstops.A．Don’t B．Doesn’t C．Didn’t D．Not6．Thereisapictureontheground.Please________.A．pickupit B．pickitup C．pickeditup D．pickedupit7．________rightandgodownQiuzhiStreet.A．Turn B．Turns C．Toturn D．Turning8．—Lookatthesign.“________swimming!”—Soit________bedangeroustoswimhere.A．Don’t;must B．Not;may C．Notbe;can D．No;must9．________therealone,becauseit’sdangerous.A．Nottogo B．Notgo C．Notgoing D．Don’tgo10．Givemeachance,________Iwillproveittoyou.A．a(chǎn)nd B．till C．though D．while11．________yourbedroominfiveminutesthenyou’llhaveenoughtimeforbreakfast.A．Tidyup B．Tidiesup C．Tidyingup D．Tidiedup12．—________lateforschoolagain,Tom!

—Sorry,I________.A．Don’t;won’t B．Don’tbe;won’tC．Don’tbe;don’t D．Don’t;will13．Don’t________late.A．is B．a(chǎn)re C．be D．a(chǎn)m14．—Kitty,________lateforschoolagain.—Sorry,Iwon’t.A．isn’t B．doesn’tbe C．don’tbe D．notbe15．Haveatry,

________youwillsucceed(成功).A．a(chǎn)nd B．or C．so D．but16．Let’s________sports.A．toplay B．play C．playing17．________runinthehallways.A．Not B．Don’t C．Doesn’t18．_______talkwithyourclassmateinclass.A．No B．Neverto C．Notto D．Don’t19．Alan,________playbasketballhere.Yoursisterissleepingnow.A．not B．doesn’t C．don’t20．Don’t________becauseheneedsagoodrest.A．wakeuphim B．wakehimup C．towakeuphim D．towakehimup21．Please________thesebooks,fortheyareintheway.A．moveout B．movein C．movesaway D．moveaway22．Thereisasignonthewall,saying“________!”A．nophoto B．Nophotoes C．Don’tphotos D．Nophotos23．________takeabustoschool.A．Whatabout B．Whynot C．Let’s D．Shallwe24．Lookatthesign.No________!Youcan’tsmokehere.A．smoke B．smokes C．smoking D．smoked25．Don’t________yourson.Heisnotachildanylonger.A．worryabout B．worriedabout C．beworryabout D．worryat26．________beafraid.Wearewithyou.A．Not B．NoC．Don’t D．Doesn’t27．—________interestingmovieitis!—Yes.A．Howan B．Howa C．Whatan D．Whata28．—________itis!—Yes,wearefeelingquitecheerfulaboutit.A．Howniceweather B．Whataniceweather C．Whatniceweather D．Howaniceweather29．________fastLiuMeiruns!A．How B．What C．Whata D．Howa30．________sunnydayitis!Let’sgotohaveapicnic.A．What B．How C．Whata D．Howa31．_________itistogofishinginsuchfineweather!A．Whatafun B．Howfun C．Whatfun D．Howafun32．________funnythestoryis!A．What B．How C．Howan D．Whata33．________hardworkhehasgot!A．What B．Whata C．Whatthe D．How34．______niceweatherwehaveinChina!A．What B．Whata C．Whatan D．How35．______interestingbookitis!A．How B．Whatan C．Howa D．Whata36．________niceweatheritis!Let’sgooutforapicnic.A．What B．How C．Whata D．Howa37．________usefulinformationtheteacherhasgivenus!A．What B．How C．Whata D．Howa38．________excitingtheplanis!A．Whatan B．What C．How D．Howan39．________fantasticthedragonboatteamsare!A．How B．What C．Whata40．________fineweatheritis!Let’sgoonapicnic.A．Whata B．What C．How D．Howa41．一________freshairitisnow!—Yes.________gooutforawalk.A．What;Let B．Whata;Let’s C．What;Let’s D．How;Letus42．________greatbasketballplayerJamesHardenis!Ilikehimverymuch.A．What B．How C．Whata D．Howa43．—Look!_______excitedthegirlsare!—Yes.Theywonthegamethisafternoon.A．What B．WhatanC．Whata D．How44．_______clevertheboyis!A．How B．Howa C．What D．Whata45．_______usefuladviceitis!Thankyouforyourhelp.A．Whata B．What C．Whatan D．How46．________usefulmessageitis!Thankyouverymuch.A．How B．Whatan C．What D．Whata47．________excitingidea!A．What B．How C．Whatan D．Howan48．______greatfunitistolistentothemusicafteraday’sstudy!A．What B．Whata C．Whatan D．How49．________excitingnewsitis!Mybrotherpassedtheexam!A．What B．Whatan C．How D．Howan50．________usefulinformationyou’vegivenus!A．Whata B．Howa C．How D．What二、閱讀理解64-year-oldZhangGuimeiisateacher.ShehelpsyounggirlsfrompoorfamiliesinYunnantogotoschool.WhenZhangwas17,shebegantoteachinamiddleschoolinHuapingCounty.Once,shegotillbuthadnomoneyforthetreatment(治療).Withthehelpofthepeoplethere,shegothealthy.“Imustdosomethingforthem,”Zhangsaid.Afterthat,shecameupwithanideaofafree-tuition(學(xué)費(fèi))highschool.In2002,shehadasix-yearjourneytocollect(籌集)money.In2008,Zhangsetup(創(chuàng)辦)HuapingGirlsHighSchool.Now,about1,600girlsfromtheschoolwenttouniversities(高校).“ThankstoZhang,shemakesusgirlsfrompoorfamiliesgoandseetheworldoutside,”saidYangQian,agraduate(畢業(yè)生)fromZhang’sschool.Zhang’sstorymovesmanypeople.Tohelpher,46graduatesfromYunnanNormalUniversitygoestoherschooleachyear.51．WhatdoesZhangdotohelpthoseyounggirls?A．Shebecomesateacher. B．Shegivesthemmoney.C．Shehelpsthemtogotoschool. D．Shehelpspoorfamilies.52．WhydoesZhangwanttohelppeopleinHuapingCounty?A．Becausesheteachesthere. B．BecauseshehasnomoneyC．Becauseshewantsthetreatment. D．Becauseshegothelpfrompeoplethere.53．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“cameupwith”mean?A．實(shí)現(xiàn) B．想出 C．拿出 D．隱蔽54．HowwouldtheYunnanNormalUniversityhelpZhang?A．Bygivingmorejobstoherstudents. B．Bygivingallherstudentsagoodeducation(教育).C．Bygivingmoneytoherschool. D．Byhelpingherschoolwithteachingwork.55．WhichofthefollowingcanbetheBESTtitleforthepassage?A．AGoodSchool B．AWonderfulDream C．AGreatTeacher D．PoorGirls三、完形填空Ourschoolisgoingtobuildanewclassroombuilding.Ourteacherasks56tomakea“timecapsule(膠囊)”together.Whatis57timecapsule?Itisabox58youcanputsomethinginitforpeopleinthefuture.Whenworkersstart59thebuilding,theywillputourtimecapsuleinsidethewall.Maybeinahundredyears,someone60it.So,whattoputinit?Someonesayswecanputina61withpopularmusicoftoday.Peopleinthefuturewillknow62kidslikeusenjoyedlisteningto.Someoneelsethinksofleavingtoday’sdrawing.It63showwhatourworldislike.Therearemanyothergoodideas—afavouritebook,picturesofourschoolandpicturesofus.Ithinkwecanallwriteashortletter64them.Otherstudentsliketheidea.Everyoneis65.Whatwouldyouputinatimecapsuleifyouweremakingone?56．A．we B．us C．our57．A．a(chǎn) B．a(chǎn)n C．the58．A．a(chǎn)nd B．or C．but59．A．build B．tobuild C．tobuilding60．A．find B．finds C．willfind61．A．CD B．CD’s C．CDs62．A．how B．why C．what63．A．can B．should C．need64．A．