【22秋】大學(xué)英語(yǔ)（1）學(xué)習(xí)通超星期末考試答案章節(jié)答案2024年

【22秋】大學(xué)英語(yǔ)（1）學(xué)習(xí)通超星期末考試章節(jié)答案2024年P(guān)assage

TwoMorethanthreedozenbillionaires,includingwell-knownphilanthropist(慈善家)DavidRockefeller,havepromisedatleasthalfoftheirfortunestocharity,joiningaprogrammethatBillandMelindaGatesandWarrenBuffettstartedinJunetoencourageotherwealthypeopletogive.Thepledgeiscurrentlyworthabout$150billion,buttheprogrammepredictsitwilleventuallybeworth$600billion."DuringeventheDepression'sworstyears,myparentsgavemoney-about8%oftheirannualincomeof$2200,"saidLorryLokey,oneofthedonors,onthewebsiteoftheprogramme,theGivingPledge,"Iremembersayingtomymotherthatwecan'taffordthat.Butshesaidwehavetosharewithothers."Thepledgehasbeenamatterofsomedebateinphilanthropicandnon-profitcircles,withsomeexpertsdismissingitasmerepublicityandotherspredictingthatitwouldproduceafloodofnewmoneytosupportnon-profitgroups.Buffettsaidtherealvalueofthepledgewasfoundintheexampleitsetandinthesentiments(情感)expressedintheletterspostedonthewebsite.BuffettandGateswillholdseveraldinnerslaterthisyeartorecruitmorebillionaires,andmembersoftheGivingPledgewillmeetannuallytodiscusstheirphilanthropy.ThepairareduetomeetsomewealthiestpeopleinChinanextmonthandIndiainMarch."Wehopethiscatchesfireinsomeothercountries,"Buffettsaid,"Iftheywanttotakewhatwethinkisagoodideaandrunwithit,wewillbecheering."Buffettsaidthenumberofpeoplewhohadagreedtosignonwasatthehighendofhisexpectations.Hesaidsomepeoplewhodeclinedtosignthepledgewereplanningtogiveawaymostoftheirwealthbutdidnotwanttodrawattentiontothoseplans.Energytycoon(大亨)Pickens,whoisworthabout$1billion,saidinhisGivingPledgeletter:"I'velongstatedthatIenjoymakingmoney,andIenjoygivingitaway.I'mnotabigfanofinheritedwealth.Itgenerallydoesmoreharmthangood."1.What'sthepurposeoftheprogrammestartedbyBillandMelindaGatesandWarrenBuffett?A)Tospreadtheideaofcharityaroundtheworld.B)Topublicisethepainsandgainsofcharitywork.C)Toinvolvemorewealthypeopleinphilanthropy.D)Tonarrowthegapbetweentherichandthepoor.

2.WhatmessagedoesLorryLokeyintendtoconveythroughhiswebsiteposting?A)Hisfamily'sincomeisfarfromlarge.B)Thespiritofgivingrunsinhisfamily.C)HisfamilysufferedduringtheGreatDepression.D)Thewealthofhisfamilyhascomethehardway.

3.WhyareBuffettandGatesgoingtomeetsomewealthiestpeopleinChinaandIndia?A)Tosharetheirexperiencewiththenewlyrichthere.B)Topublicisetheirgenerosityinhelpingtheneedy.C)Topersuadethewealthypeopletheretojointheirranks.D)Tohelpthebillionairesthereseethetruevalueofmoney.

4.Whatreasondosomepeoplegivefordecliningtosignthepledge?A)Theyareunsureiftheycanmeetthepublic'sexpectations.B)Theyhavemadeplansfordisposingoftheirwealth.C)Theyarestillundecidedwhethertogiveornot.D)Theyarereluctanttobethefocusofattention.

5.WhatdoesenergytycoonPickenstrytosayinhisGivingPledgeletter?A)Blessedarethosewhoinheritlargefortunes.B)Themoreyougive,thehappieryouwillbe.C)Leavingafortunetoone'schildrenisunwise.D)Philanthropycanhelpfreethepoorthepoorfromwant.

答案:C;B;C;D;C閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式(不超過(guò)3個(gè)單詞)

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Ateahouseisaspecialhousewhichprimarilyservesteaandotherlightrefreshments(茶點(diǎn)).Itsfunctionvarieswidely_____1_______(depend)ontheculture.InChina,ateahouseisaplace______2______peoplegathertoenjoytea,chatandsocialize.It________3____(consider)asasymbolofChineseteacultureandpeople'sleisurelives.

Chineseteahousesenjoyalong-standinghistory.Theydevelopedfromtea_______4_____(stand)intheWesternJINDynasty,tookshapeintheTangDynasty,developed_______5_____(gradual)intheSong,Yuan,MingandQingDynastiesandbecameboominginmoderntimes.

IntheSongDynasty,teahousesspreadalloverthecitiesandvillages,ataratecomparablewiththatofrestaurants.Theownerspreferredtodecoratetheirteahouses_______6_____paintingsofcelebritiesorrareandpreciousplants_____7_______(attract)customers.IntheMingandQingDynasties,thenumberofteahouseswentbeyondthatofrestaurants,gainingmuch_______8_____

(wide)popularityandbecomingmorefamous.Later,theacculturation(文化植入)

ofwesterncultureforcedtraditionalChineseteahousestotakeon____9________

newlook.

Sincereformandopening-up,withtherapiddevelopmentoftheeconomyandevidentimprovementofpeople'slivingstandards,teahouses______10______(flower)inChina.

答案:depending;where;isconsidered;stands;gradually;with;toattract;wider;a閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式(不超過(guò)3個(gè)單詞)3

TheannualIceandSnowSculptureFestivalisHarbin'smaintouristhighlight.Itistheworld'sbiggestwinterfestival.The_____1_______(bitter)coldwintersarejustrightforthisfestival.

______2______setstheHarbinfestivalapartisthescaleandsizeofthesculpturesandthe_______3_____(beauty)lighting.Itisbiggerthan______4______onesinSapporo,Norway,andQuebec.

Atfirst,mainlyChinese_____5_______(participate),butinthelastdecade,ithasbecomeaninternationalfestivaland____6________(compete).Asthefestivalgrowsininternationalparticipation,andasChina'seconomygrows,thesizeofthesnowsculpturesandicearchitectureexhibitskeeps_______7_____(grow).Theworkgoingintomakingtheseexhibitsisastounding,andtheirsizeandbeautyisamazing.

Thelightning______8______(effect)onthehugeicesculpturesintheIceandSnowWorldaretechnologicallycomplex.Officiallythefestival____9________(hold)fromtheendofDecemberthroughFebruary.Openingdateskeepchanging,andendingdatespartlydepends_____10_______theweather.TheSunIslandScenicAreawillbeopenedfromDec.21toFeb.28.

答案:bitterly;what;beautiful;the;participated;competition;growing;effects;isheldWhatismostdifficulttodowhenweturnhumanvaluesintoaprogrammablecode?

答案:DeterminewhatismoralandethicalWhatwillawell-programmedrobotdowhenfacinganunusualsituation?

答案:StoptoseekadvicefromahumanbeingHowdorobotslearnhumanvalues?

答案:BypickinguppatternsfrommassivedataonhumanbehaviorWhatwouldwethinkofapersonwhoinvadesourpersonalspaceaccordingtotheauthor?

答案:Theyareill-bredWhatdoestheauthorsayaboutthethreatofrobots?

答案:ItcanbeavoidedifhumanvaluesaretranslatedintotheirlanguageWhatcanwelearnfromthefindingsofthetwonewstudies?

答案:LongevityresultsfromacombinationofmentalandphysicalhealthWhatdoestherecentstudyofNorwegianmothersshow?

答案:Mothers'negativepersonalitycharacteristicsmayaffecttheirchildren'slifespansWhatfindingofthestudymightprovesomewhatoutofourexpectation?

答案:Suchpersonalitycharacteristicsasself-disciplinehavenoeffectonlongevityWhatdoestheauthorimplyaboutoutgoingandsympatheticpeople?

答案:TheyaremorelikelytogetoverhardshipTheaimofthestudyintheJournaloftheAmericanGeriatricsSocietyis____.

答案:toseewhetherpeople'spersonalityaffectstheirlifespanWhoarebetteratscienceinyourclass,girlsorboys?Theseyears,girlsstarttoshowmoreinterestinthe_______1_____

(subject)ofscience,technology,engineeringandMaths(STEM),accordingtoarecentstudyfromtheUK.

Inthestudy,everyyearoverthelastsevenyears,over20,000students____2________

wereintheirfinalyearinhighschoolweresurveyed.Asforuniversitycourses,______3______

numberofgirlsconsideringchoosingSTEMsubjectshasa____4________

(big)increasethanthatofboys.Overone-fifthofthegirlssurveyedsaidtheywereconsideringjobs_____5_______

(relate)toSTEM,suchasengineers.Andtheinterestinengineeringandsciencehasalsorisen.

ThisisanimportantchangeforwomenintheUK.Butatpresent,therearenotnearlyasmanywomen______6______

menstudyingSTEMsubjectsorworkingintheSTEMfields.Only13%～22%ofpeoplewhograduate_____7_______

universitywithSTEMdegreesarewomen.AndwomenareseenonlyoneineightSTEMjobs.

AremenreallymoresuitedtoSTEMworkthanwomen?Ofcoursenot.Thisis____8________

(part)becauseoftheconventionalidea,whichmeansmanypeoplethinkso,eventhoughitisnotcorrect.

"Itisimportantthatyoungwomenshould______9______

(encourage)togetintothesejobs.Infact,STEMsubjectsarefunandexciting.Studyingsciencecando______10______

(we)good.Itofferswomenchancesoftakingupfantasticcareersandtheywillgethigherpayintheseareas,"saidNikiYates,managerofGSK'sbusiness.

答案:subjects;who/that;the;bigger;related;as;from;partly;beencouragedWhatdoestheauthorsuggesttoreducemelanomarates?

答案:Usingbothcoveringupandsunscreen.C)UsingcoveringupinsteadofsunscreenWhatdoestheauthorsayaboutthesecondAustralianstudy?

答案:ItisnotbasedondirectobservationofthesubjectsWhatdowelearnfromthe2011Australianstudyof1,621people?

答案:DailyapplicationofsunscreenhelpsreducetheincidenceofmelanomasWhatdoestheresearchinNaturesayaboutahigh-factorsunscreen?

答案:ItisineffectiveinpreventingmelanomasWhatispeopledcommonexpectationofahigh-factorsunscreen?

答案:Itwillprotectthemfromsunburn.D)Itwillworkforpeopleofanyskincolor閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式(不超過(guò)3個(gè)單詞)

China'sfirstartificialintelligence(Al)textbookforhighschoolstudents______1______(bring)outlastweek,followingaplanbycentralgovernment______2______(include)Alcoursesinprimaryandsecondaryschool.

Thenine-chaptertextbook,_______3_____(name)"FundamentalsofArtificialIntelligence",waswrittenbyoutstanding______4______(scholar)fromwell-knownschoolsnationwide,underthejointeffortsbytheresearchcenterforMOOCatEastChinaNormalUniversityandAlstartupSenseTime.ItincludesthehistoryofAlandhowthetechnologycanbeappliedinareassuchasfacialrecognition,autodrivingandpublicsecurity.

"ThetextbookfocusesnotonlyonbasicsofAl,buton_____5_______(practice)useofAlindailylife,"saidChenYukun,aprofessoratEastChinaNormalUniversity,_______6_____isalsoacontributortothebook.

Uptillnow,about40highschoolsacrossthecountry_____7_______(undertake)thetaskofbeingthefirstgroupofAlhigheducationpilotprogram______8______introducingthetextbookinthecurriculum."TheAlsectorisfacingatalentshortage____9________(global).Thepublicationofthebookis_____10_______breakthroughasittakesAltechnologyoutofthe'Ivorytower'andmakesitpartofhighschoollearning,"saidLinDahua,aprofessorattheChineseUniversityofHongKong.

答案:wasbrought;toinclude;named;scholars;practical;who;haveundertaken;by;globallyWhatischaracteristicofworkinthe21stcentury?

答案:SkillsarehighlyvaluedregardlessofageWhatistheresultofpolicychangesinEuropeancountries?

答案:EvenwealthypeoplemustworklongertolivecomfortablyinretirementWhatdomanyobserverspredictinviewoftheexperienceofthe20thcentury?

答案:EconomicgrowthwillslowdownWhathashelpeddeepenthedividebetweenthewell-offandthepoor?

答案:Arapidtechnologicaladvance.D)Agrowingnumberofthewell-educatedWhatishappeningintheworkforceinrichcountries?

答案:Well-educatedpeopletendtoworklonger閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式(不超過(guò)3個(gè)單詞)

Livingalifewithmeaningandpurposeisthekeytoimprovingyourpsychologicalwell-being.Yourpurposedoesn't_____1_______(necessary),havetoinvolvechangingtheworldorfindingacareer_______2_____(devote)tohelpingothers.Instead,youmightmakeityourpurposetobekindeveryday.

______3______youfeellikeyourlifelackspurpose,don'tworry.Therearemanywaysyoucanfindpurposeinlifeandbuildalifethathasmoremeanings.Youcanbeginbythinkingaboutthelegacy(遺贈(zèng))youwouldliketoleavebehind.Writedownhowyou'dliketo_____4_______(remember)attheend:ofyourlife,orthinkabouttheimpactyouwanttoleave______5______theplanet.Then,establishsome_____6_______(objective)thatcanhelpyoureachthosegoals.______7______(work)towardyourgoalswillgiveyouareason,togetoutofbedeveryday,beyondearningmoney.

Thinkingpositively________8____(improve)yourpsychologicalwell-being.Inturn,asyourpsychologicalwell-beingimproves,____9________becomeseasiertothinkpositivelyandfeelgoodoverall.Spendtimethinkingaboutsomeofthebestmemories-ofyourlife.Whetherit'safamilyvacationyouwenton10years