2024-2025學年湘豫名校高三上學期9月新高考適應性調研考試英語試題（解析版）

高級中學名校試卷PAGEPAGE1湘豫名校2024-2025學年高三上學期9月新高考適應性調研考試英語試卷第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A．￡19.15．B．￡9.18．C．￡9.15.〖答案〗是C。1.WhendidMrSmithexpectthemantocall?A.Before10:15. B.Before10:30. C.Before10:45.〖答案〗B【原文】M:Hasanythingimportantcomeupyet?W:Yes,MrSmithcalledaboutfifteenminutesago.Heaskedmetohaveyoucallhimbefore10:30ifit’sconvenientforyou.2.Whatwillthemandonext?A.Gobackhome. B.Takeoffhiscoat. C.Turnonthelights.〖答案〗A【原文】W:Lookatthewindtoday.IwishI’dtakenanextracoatwithme.M:I’llgetyouone.IjustrealizedthatIforgottoturnoffthelightsandIhavetogohomefirst.3.Whatistheman?A.Adriver. B.Amodel. C.Asalesman.〖答案〗C【原文】W:Hi,there!I’mlookingforanewcar.IhavethisoldonethatIwouldliketotradein.M:Isee.Youareinluckthismonthbecauseallofourmodelsareonsale!4.Whydoesthewomanwanttoloseweight?A.Tokeephealthy.B.Totakeweddingphotographs.C.Toattendherfriend’swedding.〖答案〗C【原文】M:Sally,youlookquitehealthy.Whyareyoustilltryingtoloseweight?W:Well,myfriendisgettingmarriednextmonth.Ihavetofitintomydressandlookniceforherwedding!5.Whereisthewomangoing?A.Thepark. B.Theoffice. C.Thesupermarket.〖答案〗B【原文】M:Hi!Haveyoujustmovedin?MynameisPeter.Ilivejustnextdoor.Nicetomeetyou.W:Nicetomeetyou,too.I’mLucy.Iguesswe’llseeeachotheroftenthen.I’mgoingtotheofficenow.Seeyou.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各個小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽下面一段對話，回答以下小題。6.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Husbandandwife. B.Motherandson. C.Brotherandsister.7.Whatcausedthedeathofthegoldfishprobably?A.Toomuchfishfood. B.Thesmallfishbowl. C.Lackofwater.〖答案〗6.B7.A【原文】W:Baby,whyareyoucrying?M:Mygoldfishdied.W:Oh,that’ssosad.I’mhereforyou,darling.M:Ilovedhersomuch.Goldiealwaysswamuptomeandblewmekisses.W:Wouldyouliketogetanothergoldfish,honey?Afterall,youstillhaveagoldfishbowlandplentyoffishfood.M:Oh,Iranoutoffishfood.W:Ithoughtyourdadboughtsomelastweek.M:Daddid.ButIfedGoldiethewholeboxforherbirthdaypresent.W:Nowondershedied.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。8.Whatdoesthemanshowtothewoman?A.Hisvisa. B.HisIDcard. C.Hispassport.9.Wheredoesthemanwanttosit?A.Bythewindow.B.Bytheemergencyexit.C.Inthefrontoftheplane.10.Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?A.Carrylessluggage.B.Checkhisluggagein.C.Takehisluggagewithhim.〖答案〗8.C9.B10.C【原文】W:Hello.Whereareyouheadingtoday?M:I’mofftoTokyoforaweek.W:Doyouhaveyourpassportwithyou?M:Yes,hereyouare.Idon’tneedavisatogotoJapan,doI?W:Fortunatelyforyou,youdon’t.Wouldyoulikeawindowseat?M:Arethereanyseatsavailablebytheemergencyexits?W:Letmesee...Yesthere’soneleftinthebackoftheplane.M:OK,I’lltakeitthen.W:Allright.Howmanypiecesofluggageareyoucheckingin?M:IliketotravellightsoIjusthavethisone.W:Ifthat’syouronlypieceofluggage,itissmallenoughtocarryonwithyou.Here’syourboardingpass.Enjoyyourflight!聽下面一段對話，回答以下小題。11.Whatarethespeakersgoingtodo?A.Haveajog. B.Playbadminton. C.Gotowork.12.Whatdidthespeakersbuyyesterday?A.Sportswear. B.Joggingshoes. C.Caps.13.What’stherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Coachandathlete. B.Teacherandstudent. C.Husbandandwife.〖答案〗11.A12.B13.C【原文】M:Wakeup,darling.W:Whatfor?It’sonly6o’clockinthemorning.M:Didyouforget?Wearegoingforjogging.W:Soearly.Iamstillsosleepy.M:Getoutofyourbed.Don’tbreakouragreementonthefirstday.W:WhatshallIputon?M:Sportswearandjoggingshoes.W:Idon’thavejoggingshoes.M:Yes,youdo.Weboughtthemyesterday.W:Wedid?Oh,look!It’srainingoutside.Wecan’tgojoggingthismorning.M:Itisn’trainingoutsideandwearegoingforjoggingthismorning.Comeon.Getdressed.W:But...M:Nobuts.It’llbegoodforyourhealth.聽下面一段對話，回答以下小題。14.Howmanybiologylectureswillthemanattendeveryweek?A.Five. B.Three. C.Two.15.Whydidthemanmissthemeetingforthenewstudents?A.Hehadtodoapart-timejob.B.Hewasnotinformedofitbyanyone.C.Hewasbusywiththegroupdiscussion.16.Whatistherequiredattendancerateforastudenttoearnthescholarship?A.Atleast80%. B.90%orabove. C.100%.17.Whatcanweknowabouttheman?A.Hehasworktodointheafternoon.B.Hethinksthetimeofthelectureistooearly.C.Heisanewteacheronbiologyintheuniversity.〖答案〗14.C15.B16.B17.A【原文】M:Hello,I’manewstudentonbiology.CanIknowsomeinformationaboutthecourses?W:Well,Ilectureonthatprogram.Whatdoyouneedtoknow?M:I’dliketoknowhowmanylecturesaweekIhavetoattend.W:Twolecturesaweek,onTuesdayandThursday.Besides,there’sonegroupdiscussioneveryFriday.M:Sowhattime?W:Letmesee...Youshouldhaveknownthisinformationyesterday,atthemeetingforthenewstudents.M:Oh,wasthereameetingyesterday?Ididn’tknowaboutthat…Noonementioned…W:Nevermind.Nowlecturesareatfourintheafternoon.M:Four’sabitlate.I’vegotapart-timejobthatstartsatfourthirty.W:Well,butattendanceatlecturesisnecessary.Weexpectatleast80%attendanceatthisuniversity,youknow.M:80%!That’shigh.W:ButI’mafraidyouhavetomeetthatrequirement.Otherwise,youcan’tgetenoughcreditstograduate.Andwhat’smore,ifyouwanttoearnthescholarship,90%attendancerateoraboveisamust.M:OK,Isee.Thankyouforyourinformation.W:You’rewelcome.聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題。18.Whatwillthelistenersvisitfirst?A.SeaWorld. B.TheSanAntonioZoo. C.Museums.19.WhatcanthelistenersvisitindowntownSanAntonio?A.Afamouspark. B.Anoldchurch. C.Azoo.20.Whenwillthelistenersgetonthebus?A.30minuteslater. B.2hourslater. C.3hourslater.〖答案〗18.C19.B20.C【原文】Attention,everyone.WeareinSanAntonio,asmallcityintheStateofTexas.Itisaninterestingcity,becauseinthiscitywecandomanythings.Firstofall,wewillvisitmuseums,suchasachildren’smuseum,andamuseumofnaturalscience.Ifyou’reinterestedinanimals,youcanvisitSeaWorld,afamouspark.YoucanalsovisittheSanAntonioZoo,whichhasmanydifferentkindsofanimals,allintheirnaturalhabitats.TherearealsomanythingstodoindowntownSanAntonio.Thereisabeautifuloldchurch,andyoucanalsovisittheRiverWalk,awonderfulcanalthatcrossesthroughdowntown.Youcangodownitinaboat,orwalkalongit.Alongthewayyoucanlistentobeautifulmusicandeatmanydifferentkindsoffood,mostlyMexican,butalsoItalianandChinesefood.SanAntonioisreallyaninterestingcity.Enjoyyourselves!Wewillgetonthebusthreehourslater.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AFeldkirchmarksthewesternmostpointofAustria,rightontheborderofSwitzerlandandLiechtenstein.ItisyourarchetypepostcardprettyAustriantownwithawell-preservedoldtownthathasremainedunchangedforcenturies.BestthingstodoinFeldkirchCoolarchitecture—MontforthausFeldkirchIfyou’reanarchitecturefan,youwillloveVorarlbergandespeciallytheMontforthausinFeldkirch.OntheedgeofthetownandunderthewatchfulgazeoftheSchattenburgCastleliestheMontforthauswithitsbeautifulroundedfrontwalls.Itisafantasticbuildingthatreallyintegrateswellwithitsmedieval(中世紀的)surroundingsthankstothelargeglassfront.Climbtothetop—SchattenburgCastleandMuseumTogetaniceperspectiveofthecity,weclimbeduptothemedievalSchattenburgCastle,theonce-upon-a-timeresidenceoftheDukeofMontfort.Housingarestaurant,thecastlealsofeaturesamuseum.Thebestpartisthefullviewofthecityfromtherooftopgallery.WheretoeatinFeldkirchLunchatLaBottegadelGustoLocatedintheheartoftheoldtownisalittlesliceofItalianheaven.TheownerandchefNicoisamanoffewwordsandthereisnosetmenuhere.Themenuissimplewithafewsuggestions—everythingwetastedherewasdelicious.For€9.95for2coursesincludingaglassofwine,thisisacrackingbargain.DinneratRestaurantKantineIfyouarealoverofstone-bakedthinNapolitanstylepizza,youwillloveKantine-bestpizzainthearea.Theappetisersarereallygood,especiallytheroastedcauliflowerintheoven·verytasty.21.WhichcountrydoesFeldkirchbelongto?A.Australia. B.Switzerland. C.Liechtenstein. D.Austria.22.WhichisoneofthebestthingstodoinFeldkirch?A.Wanderingthewell-preservedoldtowndistrict.B.ExperiencingthelifeoftheDukeofMontfort.C.MountingtheSchattenburgCastleforthefullview.D.ExploringthearchitectureoftheSchattenburgCastle.23.WhatcanwelearnabouteatinginFeldkirch?A.WecantryItaliancuisineatLaBottegadelGusto.B.Wecansamplethestone-bakedcauliflower.C.WecancookatthemedievalSchattenburgCastle.D.Wecanenjoy2courseswith€9.95atRestaurantKantine.〖答案〗21.D22.C23.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應用文。文章主要推薦奧地利最西端的城市Feldkirch一些好玩好吃的地方?！?1題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“FeldkirchmarksthewesternmostpointofAustria,rightontheborderofSwitzerlandandLiechtenstein.(費爾德基希標志著奧地利的最西端，就在瑞士和列支敦士登的邊界上)”可知，F(xiàn)eldkirch是位于奧地利最西端的城市。故選D?！?2題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Climbtothetop—SchattenburgCastleandMuseum部分中“Togetaniceperspectiveofthecity,weclimbeduptothemedievalSchattenburgCastle,theonce-upon-a-timeresidenceoftheDukeofMontfort.Housingarestaurant,thecastlealsofeaturesamuseum.Thebestpartisthefullviewofthecityfromtherooftopgallery.(為了更好地欣賞這座城市，我們爬上了中世紀的沙滕堡城堡，這里曾經(jīng)是蒙福特公爵的住所。城堡里有餐廳，也有博物館。最棒的是從屋頂畫廊可以看到整個城市的全景)”可知，攀登SchatteburgCastle可以提供城市的全景視角，是Feldkirch的一個最佳推薦活動。故選C。【23題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)LunchatLaBottegadelGusto部分中“LocatedintheheartoftheoldtownisalittlesliceofItalianheaven.TheownerandchefNicoisamanoffewwordsandthereisnosetmenuhere.Themenuissimplewithafewsuggestions—everythingwetastedherewasdelicious.For€9.95for2coursesincludingaglassofwine,thisisacrackingbargain.(坐落在老城區(qū)中心的是意大利天堂的一小片。老板兼廚師Nico是個沉默寡言的人，這里沒有固定菜單。菜單很簡單，只有一些建議——我們在這里吃的每樣東西都很好吃。兩道菜加一杯酒只要9.95歐元，真是太劃算了)”可知，我們可以在LaBottegadelGusto品嘗意大利菜。故選A。BAfrica-bound!Andonlysevenhoursleftofa19-hourflightbeforeIwouldarriveinSouthAfricaformythirdvolunteertripinthreeyears.Butthistimeitwasdifferent.I’dbetherealoneforawholeyear,withoutfriendsorfamily.Plus,IhadonechallengeothervolunteersfightingAIDSinAfricadidn’thave—Iwasinawheelchair.Ateightyearsold,Iwasparalyzed(癱瘓的)fromthewaistdowninacaraccident.Ispentmonthsinahospital,learninghowtouseawheelchair,howtogetupfromthefloorandhowtodressmyself.Basicallyhowtolivemylifeasindependentlyaspossible.Aftergraduationfromcollege,Imadeayear-longcommitmenttoLilyoftheValleyChildren’sVillage,outsideMophela,SouthAfrica,where90percentofthechildrenareinfectedwithHIV.Iwouldseetothekids’medicalneedsandteachmathandEnglish.Thosefirstfewweekswerehard,harderthananythingIhaddonebefore.Iforcedmyselftokeeptrying.Ineededtoprovemyself.ButhowcouldItellifIwasdoinganygood?Onenight,abigstormhit.Irolledoutofmycottagethenextmorningandmychairlurched(突然傾斜),thewheelssinkingintomud.Igraspedthewheelstightandpushedhard.Thechairwouldn’tmove.Allofmyworstworriesseemedtobecomingtrue.Iwasstuck,hopelesslystuck.Outofthecornerofmyeye,Isawchildrenrunningtowardme.Twooftheoldestgrabbedthehandlebarsandtheotherspushedmeforward.Thewheelscamefree.Thekidsshoutedwithdelight.WhenIsaid“Thankyou!”,theylaughed,“Youhelpus.Wehelpyou.”Thatechoedinmyearsallday.Thenextmorning,thekidswerewaitingtopushmethroughthemudtohomeworkclub.Andthedayafterthat,itbecameourlittleroutine.Themoretheyhelpedme,theeasieritgottohelpthem.ThekidsandIbonded.Iwasn’taloneduringmyyearinAfrica.Notatall.IhadreachedouttothepeopleIwasassisting,andthey,inturn,becamemysupport.Iwasaware,morethanever,thatanyone,eveninawheelchair,canmakeadifference.24.Whatwastheauthor’suniquechallengeduringthisvolunteerexperience?A.Overcomingphysicallimitations.B.Adaptingtoanewculturalenvironment.C.Managingalong-termsolocommitment.D.Dealingwiththeharshweatherconditions.25.HowdidtheauthorfeelinthefirstfewweeksinSouthAfrica?A.Disappointedandwantingtogiveup.B.Satisfiedwiththeprogressmade.C.Uncertainabouttheeffectivenessofhishelp.D.Frustratedbythechildren’slackofcooperation.26.Whatwastheturningpointintheauthor’srelationshipwiththechildren?A.Thechildren’svoluntaryassistance.B.Theauthor’sinitialarrivalinthevillage.C.Theauthor’sfirstteachingsession.D.Theauthor’sstrugglewiththewheelchair.27.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Thestruggleofadaptingtoanewenvironment.B.Thetransformativepowerofmutualsupport.C.Thechallengesoflivingwithaphysicaldisability.D.Theimpactofeducationonunderprivilegedchildren.〖答案〗24.A25.C26.A27.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述的是作者雖然身有殘疾，需要坐輪椅，但是在南非的志愿服務中通過與孩子們的互助，實現(xiàn)了自我價值并深刻體會到了人與人之間相互支持的力量?！?4題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Plus,IhadonechallengeothervolunteersfightingAIDSinAfricadidn’thave—Iwasinawheelchair.(此外，我還有一個其他在非洲抗擊艾滋病的志愿者沒有的挑戰(zhàn)——我坐在輪椅上)”可知，作者在南非的志愿者經(jīng)歷中，特殊的挑戰(zhàn)是他的身體殘疾，這與其他人相比是一個額外的障礙。故選A。【25題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Thosefirstfewweekswerehard,harderthananythingIhaddonebefore.Iforcedmyselftokeeptrying.Ineededtoprovemyself.ButhowcouldItellifIwasdoinganygood?(最初的幾個星期非常艱難，比我以前做過的任何事情都要艱難。我強迫自己繼續(xù)嘗試。我需要證明自己。但我怎么知道自己做得好不好呢？)”可知，作者在南非的最初幾周非常艱難，他強迫自己繼續(xù)試，并且想知道自己是否真的做得好，這表明他不確定自己的幫助是否有效果。故選C?！?6題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段“Outofthecornerofmyeye,Isawchildrenrunningtowardme.Twooftheoldestgrabbedthehandlebarsandtheotherspushedmeforward.(我從眼角看到孩子們向我跑來。兩個年紀最大的抓住車把，其他人推著我往前走)”，可知，孩子們自發(fā)的幫助是作者與南非孩子們關系轉變的關鍵時刻。作者的輪椅陷入泥潭，孩子們跑來幫助他時，他們之間的關系開始有了質的變化。孩子們的行動不僅幫助作者擺脫了困境，也象征著他們之間互助的開始。故選A?！?7題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“Themoretheyhelpedme,theeasieritgottohelpthem.ThekidsandIbonded.Iwasn’taloneduringmyyearinAfrica.Notatall.IhadreachedouttothepeopleIwasassisting,andthey,inturn,becamemysupport.Iwasaware,morethanever,thatanyone,eveninawheelchair,canmakeadifference.(他們幫我越多，我就越容易幫到他們。孩子們和我很親密。我在非洲那一年并不孤單。一點也不。我主動聯(lián)系了我正在幫助的人，而他們反過來又成為了我的支持。我比以往任何時候都更加意識到，任何人，即使是坐在輪椅上，都可以帶來改變)”可知，這篇文章的中心主題是互助的變革力量。作者通過自己的經(jīng)歷展示了即使在面臨身體障礙和孤立無援的情況下，通過與他人的相互支持，也能實現(xiàn)個人成長和共同發(fā)展。故選B。CChina’sChang’e6probereturnedonEarthwithrockandsoilsamplesfromthelittle-exploredfarsideofthemooninaglobalfirst.TheprobelandedintheInnerMongolianregioninnorthernChinaonTuesdayafternoon.“InowdeclarethattheChang’e6LunarExplorationMissionachievedcompletesuccess,”ZhangKejian,directoroftheChinaNationalSpaceAdministration,saidinatelevisednewsconferenceafterthelanding.Chinesescientistsanticipatethereturnedsampleswillinclude2.5million-year-oldvolcanicrockandothermaterialthatscientistshopewillanswerquestionsaboutgeographicdifferencesonthemoon’stwosides.ThenearsideiswhatisseenfromEarth,andthefarsidefacesouterspace.Thefarsideisalsoknowntohavemountainsandimpactcraters(坑),contrastingwiththerelativelyflatexpansesvisibleonthenearside.Theprobehadlandedinthemoon’sSouthPole—AitkenBasin,animpactcratercreatedmorethan4billionyearsago.Thesamplesscientistsareexpectingwilllikelycomefromdifferentlayersofthebasin,whichwillbeartracesofthedifferentgeologicaleventsacrossitslongchronology(年表),suchaswhenthemoonwasyoungerandhadanactiveinsidethatcouldproducevolcanicrock.Chinainrecentyearshaslaunchedmultiplesuccessfulmissionstothemoon,collectingsamplesfromthemoon’snearsidewiththeChang’e5probepreviously.Theyarealsohopingthattheprobewillreturnwithmaterialthatbearstracesofmeteorite(隕石)strikesfromthemoon’spast.Thatmaterialcouldshedlightonthesolarsystem’searlydays.There’satheorythatthemoonactedasavacuum(真空)cleanerofsorts,attractingallthemeteoritesinthesystem’searliererasothattheydidn’thitEarth,saidRicharddeGrijs,whoisalsoexecutivedirectorattheInternationalSpaceScienceInstitute.28.WhatmakesChang’e6’smissionuniqueinlunarexplorationhistory?A.Landingonthemoon’sSouthPole.B.Confirminglunarwaterpresence.C.Collectingthemoon’sfar-sidesamples.D.Returningsamplesfromthenearside.29.Whatmaydistinguishthemoon’sfarsidefromitsnearside?A.Fewercraters. B.Earthvisibility.C.Roughlands. D.Plainsdominance.30.WhatmighttheChang’e6’ssampleshelptoknow?A.Lunarinternalactivity.B.Originofthemoon.C.Moon’sformationtimeline.D.Earth’simpactonthemoon.31.WhatrolemightthemoonhaveplayedintheearlysolarsystemaccordingtoRicharddeGrijs?A.Creatingthesolarsystem.B.Causingmeteoritestoform.C.Attractingmeteoritesforstudy.D.ProtectingEarthfrommeteorites.〖答案〗28.C29.C30.A31.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇新聞報道。主要報道了嫦娥六號探測器首次帶回月球背面的巖石和土壤樣本。【28題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“China’sChang’e6probereturnedonEarthwithrockandsoilsamplesfromthelittle-exploredfarsideofthemooninaglobalfirst.(中國嫦娥六號探測器帶著來自月球背面的巖石和土壤樣本返回地球，這是全球首次)”可知，嫦娥六號探測器帶回月球背面的巖石和土壤樣本，這是全球首次，這使得嫦娥六號的任務在月球探測史上獨一無二。故選C?！?9題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Thefarsideisalsoknowntohavemountainsandimpactcraters(坑),contrastingwiththerelativelyflatexpansesvisibleonthenearside.(遠側也有山和撞擊坑，與近側可見的相對平坦的廣闊區(qū)域形成鮮明對比)”可知，遠側有山和撞擊坑，即遠側地面高低不平。故選C?！?0題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Chinesescientistsanticipatethereturnedsampleswillinclude2.5million-year-oldvolcanicrockandothermaterialthatscientistshopewillanswerquestionsaboutgeographicdifferencesonthemoon’stwosides.(中國科學家預計，返回的樣本將包括250萬年前的火山巖和其他物質，科學家希望這些物質能夠回答有關月球兩側地理差異的問題)”以及第六段“Thesamplesscientistsareexpectingwilllikelycomefromdifferentlayersofthebasin,whichwillbeartracesofthedifferentgeologicaleventsacrossitslongchronology(年表),suchaswhenthemoonwasyoungerandhadanactiveinsidethatcouldproducevolcanicrock.(科學家們預計，這些樣本可能來自盆地的不同層，這些層將在其漫長的年代學中留下不同地質事件的痕跡，例如月球年輕時，內部有可能產(chǎn)生火山巖的活動)”可知，嫦娥六號的樣本可能有助于了解月球的內部活動。故選A?！?1題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“There’satheorythatthemoonactedasavacuum(真空)cleanerofsorts,attractingallthemeteoritesinthesystem’searliererasothattheydidn’thitEarth,saidRicharddeGrijs,whoisalsoexecutivedirectorattheInternationalSpaceScienceInstitute.(國際空間科學研究所執(zhí)行主任RicharddeGrijs說，有一種理論認為，月球就像一個真空吸塵器，吸引了該系統(tǒng)早期的所有隕石，這樣它們就不會撞擊地球)”可知，根據(jù)RicharddeGrijs的說法，月球在早期太陽系中可能吸引了所有隕石，防止它們撞擊地球，即保護地球免受早期太陽系中隕石的撞擊。故選D。DItseemsobviousthatforestswouldprovidebetterhabitatforforest-livingwildlifethanfarms.Yet,inoneofthelongest-runningstudiesoftropicalwildlifepopulationsintheworld,Stanfordresearchersfoundthatover18years,smallerfarmswithvaryingcroptypes-mixedwithpatchesorribbonsofforest—sustainmanyforest-dependentbirdpopulationsinCostaRica,evenaspopulationsdeclineinforests.InapaperpublishedonSept.4intheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,NicholasHendershotandcolleaguescomparedtrendsinspecificbirdpopulationsacrossthreelandscapetypesinCostaRica:forests,diversifiedfarms,andintensiveagriculture.Thesteepestdeclineswerefoundinforests,theninintensiveagricultureandthespeciessucceedinginintensiveagriculturewereofteninvasive(侵入的).Butondiversifiedfarms,asignificantsubsetofbirdspeciestypicallyfoundinforests,includingsomeofconservationconcern,actuallyincreasedovertime.Whilethisresearchimpliesthatdiversifiedfarmingcouldbekeyforbiodiversity,therelationshipgoesbothways:biodiversityiskeyforfoodsecurity.Inthiscase,thatmeanshavingavarietyoftypesofbirdsfeedingoninsectsandhelpingtopollinate(對……授粉)crops.“Identitydoesseemtomatteralotforpestcontrolandotherecosystemservicesbirdsprovide.Thesespeciesarenotinterchangeable,”saidHendershot.Ithasbecomeincreasinglyapparentaroundtheworldthatwhileprotectedareasremaincritical,theyaretoofewandfarbetweentoprovidetheecosystemservicespeopleandnatureneedtoboom.Workinglandscapesarecrucialnowforpreservingbiodiversityanditsbenefits.“People,includingscientists,hadtheideathatfarmlandwouldnotsupportameaningfulamountofbiodiversity,”saidGretchenDaily.Inthiscase,notonlyarediversifiedfarmsthemselvesprovidinghabitat,theyconnectotherwisefragmentedforestedareas.“Webelievethefindingsofourresearcharenewtoscience,butinasense,itmerelyconfirmswhatindigenous(土著的)communitiesaroundtheworldhavealreadyknownforalongtime,whichisthathumanscanandshouldhavemutually(相互地)beneficialrelationshipswiththerestofthelocalecologicalcommunitytheyarepartof,”saidTadashiFukami,aprofessorofbiologyinH&SandofEarthsystemscienceintheStanfordDoerrSchoolofSustainabilityandaco-authorofthepaper.32WhatisknownfromtheStanfordstudyaboutbirdpopulationsinCostaRica?A.Diversifiedfarmssupportforestbirdspecies.B.Forestsarethebesthabitatforallbirdspecies.C.Intensivefarmshavenoimpactonbirdpopulations.D.Birdspeciesincreaseonlyinundisturbedforests.33.Whatisthecoremessageconveyedinparagraph3andparagraph4?A.Diversifiedfarmsenhancebirddiversity.B.Foodsecuritydependsoncroppollination.C.Birddiversityiscrucialforfoodsecurity.D.Pestcontroldoesn’trequirediversebirdspecies.34.Whatcantheunderlinedword“fragmented”inparagraph5bereplacedby?A.Separated. B.Enriched. C.Expanded. D.Transformed.35.WhatdoesTadashiFukamisayabouttheresearchfindings?A.Indigenouswisdomisnotneededfornewscience.B.Theresearchisaproofofindigenousknowledge.C.Newfindingschallengetraditionalecologicalviews.D.Thestudyrevealshumansaresuperiortonature.〖答案〗32.A33.C34.A35.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了斯坦福大學的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)——多樣化農場與鳥類種群數(shù)量的關系?！?2題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Yet,inoneofthelongest-runningstudiesoftropicalwildlifepopulationsintheworld,Stanfordresearchersfoundthatover18years,smallerfarmswithvaryingcroptypes-mixedwithpatchesorribbonsofforest—sustainmanyforest-dependentbirdpopulationsinCostaRica,evenaspopulationsdeclineinforests.(然而，在世界上持續(xù)時間最長的熱帶野生動物種群研究之一中，斯坦福大學的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，在18年多的時間里，盡管森林中的鳥類種群數(shù)量減少，但種植不同作物類型的小型農場——與成片或成帶的森林混合在一起——維持著哥斯達黎加許多依賴森林的鳥類種群)”可知，斯坦福大學關于哥斯達黎加鳥類種群的研究表明種植不同作物類型的小型農場維持著許多依賴森林的鳥類種群，即多樣化的農場支持森林鳥類。故選A。【33題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Whilethisresearchimpliesthatdiversifiedfarmingcouldbekeyforbiodiversity,therelationshipgoesbothways:biodiversityiskeyforfoodsecurity.Inthiscase,thatmeanshavingavarietyoftypesofbirdsfeedingoninsectsandhelpingtopollinatecrops.(雖然這項研究表明，多樣化的農業(yè)可能是生物多樣性的關鍵，但這種關系是雙向的：生物多樣性是糧食安全的關鍵。這意味著有各種類型的鳥類捕食昆蟲并幫助授粉作物。)”以及第四段““Identitydoesseemtomatteralotforpestcontrolandotherecosystemservicesbirdsprovide.Thesespeciesarenotinterchangeable,”saidHendershot.(亨德森肖特說：“身份似乎對害蟲控制和鳥類提供的其他生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務非常重要。這些物種是不可互換的?！?”可知，生物多樣性與糧食安全之間存在著相互關系，這意味著有各種類型的鳥類捕食昆蟲并幫助授粉作物，鳥類在害蟲控制和其他生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務中非常重要，即鳥類多樣性對糧食安全至關重要。故選C?！?4題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第五段“Workinglandscapesarecrucialnowforpreservingbiodiversityanditsbenefits.“People,includingscientists,hadtheideathatfarmlandwouldnotsupportameaningfulamountofbiodiversity,”saidGretchenDaily.Inthiscase,notonlyarediversifiedfarmsthemselvesprovidinghabitat,theyconnectotherwisefragmentedforestedareas.(現(xiàn)在，工作景觀對于保護生物多樣性及其益處至關重要?！陡窭浊偃請蟆氛f：“人們，包括科學家，都認為農田不會支持大量的生物多樣性?！?。在這種情況下，多樣化的農場不僅本身提供了棲息地，還連接了否則會fragmented森林地區(qū))”可知，劃線詞匯描述森林區(qū)域被分割成小塊，不再連續(xù)，推測劃線單詞表示“破碎的，分離的”，與Separated意義相近。故選A?！?5題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““Webelievethefindingsofourresearcharenewtoscience,butinasense,itmerelyconfirmswhatindigenouscommunitiesaroundtheworldhavealreadyknownforalongtime,whichisthathumanscanandshouldhavemutuallybeneficialrelationshipswiththerestofthelocalecologicalcommunitytheyarepartof,”saidTadashiFukami,aprofessorofbiologyinH&SandofEarthsystemscienceintheStanfordDoerrSchoolofSustainabilityandaco-authorofthepaper.(“我們相信我們的研究結果對科學來說是新的，但從某種意義上說，它只是證實了世界各地的土著社區(qū)長期以來已經(jīng)知道的事情，即人類可以而且應該與他們所屬的其他當?shù)厣鷳B(tài)社區(qū)建立互惠互利的關系，”健康與安全學院生物學教授、斯坦福大學多爾可持續(xù)發(fā)展學院地球系統(tǒng)科學教授、該論文的合著者TadashiFukami說)”可知，F(xiàn)ukami教授指出，盡管研究結果對科學界來說是新的，但它實際上只是證實了世界各地原住民社區(qū)早已知道的事情，即人類可以并且應該與他們所在的當?shù)厣鷳B(tài)社區(qū)建立互利的關系。故選B。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。WhileIadmitmylovefortheconvenienceofmodernity,____36____.Idaydreamofsittinginthewritingletterstoasister,pagesfilledwithscriptandthesoundofanink-dippedmetalnib(鋼筆尖)scratchingalongthepaper.____37____.AndIwassurprisedtohearfromparentsatotherschoolsthattheirchildrenweren’tlearninghowtowriteinscript.Andindeed,in2010,theCommonCorestandardsstoppedrequiringtheteachingofcursive(草書)inpublicschools.Butitappearsthetideisturning,andthecurlicued(花體的)linkedletters—andblockprinting,too,mypersonalprintofchoice—willnotgodownwithoutafight.Anumberofstatesarenowrequiringtheteachingofcursiveinschools,arevivalencouragedbyeducators,researchers,parents,andpoliticians.____38____.Whiletypinganddigitalfileshavebeengreatinpreventingatideofpaperwaste,whenusedproperly,writingthingsbyhandhasthebenefitthatweshouldnotignore.AreportinPsychologyTodaydescribestheimportancetobraindevelopmentoflearningcursive,duringthecourseofwhich“thebraindevelopsfunctionalspecializationthatintegratesbothsensation,movementcontrol,andthinking”.Brainimagingshowshowengagedthebrainiswhilelearningcursive:“Towriteclearcursive,finemotorcontrolisneededoverthefingers.Youhavetopayattentionandthinkaboutwhatandhowyouaredoingit.____39____.Brainimagingstudie