北京市首都師范大學(xué)附屬麗澤中學(xué)2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期10月月考英語試題 含解析

2024-2025上高三10月月考首師附麗澤分校英語第一部分知識運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）Allmyfriendshadmadethefootballcheerleadingteamexceptme.Mynamewas___1___fromthelist.Istillsatwiththematlunch,stilllaughedattheirjokes,___2___IfeltasifIdidn’tbelong.Ifoughtbacktears,wantingtobestrong.Knowingthatnextyearwouldbringanewroundoftry-outs,Istartedpracticingandwasdeterminedtoseemynameonthelist.However,mydadsuggestedthatIgetinvolvedinaschool-sport-___3___asanyonecouldsignupwithnotry-outs.IhadnoideawhatIwasgettingmyselfinto.Ionly___4___ImightparticipateinituntilImadethecheerleadingteamagain.Onthetrackteam,runningpushedmetoworkharderthanIeverknewIcould.Raceafterrace,Icontinuedtofeelmylungsburningfromthe___5___.IguessedthatIwantedto___6___myselftoseeifIcouldimprovemyrunningtime.Thenextyearwhenspringcamearound,Iwasthrilledtomakethefootballcheerleadingteam,when,incredibly,Ireceivedaletterfromanewcross-countrycoach,___7___metojoinhisrunningteam.Ididn’thaveareasonforchoosingrunningovercheerleading,___8___thefactthatIfollowedmyheart.WhenIcalledthecoachandtoldhimIwouldgiveitatry,Ineverrealizedthatonesimple___9___wouldchangethedirectionofmylife.Withinoneyear,Ibecameoneofthefastestfemalecross-countryrunners.Wecanbewhowewereborntobeorwecanjustfollowthecrowd.AndwhenIchosetobearunner,Ichosetobe_____10_____tomyself.1.A.coming B.missing C.turning D.changing2.A.but B.so C.or D.for3.A.throwing B.cheerleading C.football D.running4.A.recorded B.heard C.figured D.concluded5.A.effort B.diseases C.needs D.interest6.A.accept B.challenge C.express D.treat7.A.sending B.asking C.teaching D.reminding8.A.incaseof B.inspiteof C.ratherthan D.otherthan9.A.decision B.complaint C.evaluation D.expectation10.A.friendly B.tolerant C.true D.respectful【答案】1.B2.A3.D4.C5.A6.B7.B8.D9.A10.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者在足球隊落選后，選擇參加無需選拔的跑步隊，在挑戰(zhàn)自我的過程中不斷努力，最終成為了一名優(yōu)秀的越野賽跑選手的故事?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：名單上沒有我的名字。A.coming來；B.missing錯過，思念；C.turning轉(zhuǎn)身；D.changing改變。根據(jù)“Istillsatwiththematlunch,stilllaughedattheirjokes,___2___IfeltasifIdidn’tbelong.”可知，作者的名字沒有出現(xiàn)在足球啦啦隊名單上。這里missing為形容詞，在句中作表語，表示“缺席的；不在的”。故選B。【2題詳解】考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：我仍然和他們一起吃午飯，仍然為他們講的笑話發(fā)笑，但我覺得自己好像不屬于這里。A.but但是；B.so因此；C.or或者；D.for因為。根據(jù)“Istillsatwiththematlunch,stilllaughedattheirjokes,”和“IfeltasifIdidn’tbelong.”可知，兩句之間為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選A。【3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，我父親建議我參加一項學(xué)校運(yùn)動——跑步，因為任何人都可以報名參加，不需要經(jīng)過選拔。A.throwing投擲；B.cheerleading啦啦隊；C.football足球；D.running跑步。根據(jù)下文“Onthetrackteam,runningpushedmetoworkharderthanIeverknewIcould.”可知，作者參加了跑步隊。故選D?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我只是想我可能會參加直到我再次成為啦啦隊員。A.recorded記錄；B.heard聽說；C.figured認(rèn)為，想；D.concluded推斷。根據(jù)“ImightparticipateinituntilImadethecheerleadingteamagain.”可知，此處表示作者當(dāng)時的想法。故選C?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：一場又一場的比賽，我仍然感到我的肺在努力燃燒。A.efforts努力；B.diseases疾??；C.needs需要；D.interest興趣。根據(jù)“Onthetrackteam,runningpushedmetoworkharderthanIeverknewIcould.”可知，作者在跑步隊很努力。故選A。【6題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我猜我想挑戰(zhàn)一下自己，看看我是否能提高我的跑步時間。A.accept接受；B.challenge挑戰(zhàn)；C.express表達(dá)；D.treat對待。根據(jù)“toseeifIcouldimprovemyrunningtime.”可知，作者想挑戰(zhàn)自己。故選B?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：第二年春天來臨的時候，我興奮地加入了足球啦啦隊，但令人難以置信的是，我收到了一位新的越野教練的來信，邀請我加入他的跑步隊。A.sending發(fā)送；B.asking邀請；C.teaching教；D.reminding提醒。根據(jù)“Ireceivedaletterfromanewcross-countrycoach,”可知，新的越野教練邀請作者加入跑步隊。故選B?！?題詳解】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：我沒有理由選擇跑步而不是啦啦隊，除了我跟隨自己的心。A.incaseof萬一；B.inspiteof盡管；C.ratherthan而不是；D.otherthan除了。根據(jù)“Ididn’thaveareasonforchoosingrunningovercheerleading,”可知，除了聽從自己的內(nèi)心，作者沒有選擇啦啦隊，而是選擇了跑步。故選D。【9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我打電話給教練，告訴他我要試一試時，我從未意識到一個簡單的決定會改變我的生活方向。A.decision決定；B.complaint抱怨；C.evaluation評價；D.expectation期待。根據(jù)“wouldchangethedirectionofmylife.”可知，一個簡單的決定改變了作者的生活方向。故選A?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我選擇成為一名跑步者時，我選擇做真實的自己。A.friendly友好的；B.tolerant寬容的；C.true真實的；D.respectful有禮貌的。根據(jù)“Wecanbewhowewereborntobeorwecanjustfollowthecrowd.”可知，作者選擇做一個真正的自己，而不是隨波逐流。故選C。第二節(jié)語法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分,共15分）A閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫一個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Itwasareadingclass.Whileallherclassmateswereflyingthroughthebooks,SkyeMalikonlyonpagefour,gotimpossibly___11___(stick)ontheword“doughnut".Herexpecteddifficultywithreadingiscalled“dyslexia”.Skyegota___12___(profession)diagnosisattheendofthe2ndgrade.【答案】11.stuck12.professional【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了主人公斯凱·馬利克患有“閱讀障礙”的故事?！?1題詳解】考查動詞被動語態(tài)。句意：當(dāng)她所有的同學(xué)都在飛快地翻著書的時候，斯凱·馬利克只翻到第四頁，就不可思議地被“甜甜圈”這個詞卡住了。分析句子可知，此處為謂語動詞的填入，結(jié)合句意以及空前got可知，主語SkyeMalik和動詞stick為被動關(guān)系，所以為一般過去時的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)。故填stuck?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：斯凱在二年級快結(jié)束時得到了專業(yè)診斷。由空后diagnosis為名詞可知，此處為形容詞professional“專業(yè)的”作定語修飾該名詞，滿足句意要求。故填professional。B閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫一個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Apanda-themedcoffeeshop___13___(become)popularamongvisitorssinceitsopeningonFebruary1st.TheimagesofthecuteanimalcanbeseenalloverthecoffeeshopandaPost___14___(welcome)bypandafansattheChengduPandaBasetoo,___15___peoplecanpurchasepanda-themeditems,___16___(range)fromstamps,postcards,refrigeratormagnets,envelopes,toystoothersouvenirs.【答案】13.hasbecome14.iswelcomed15.where16.ranging【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章介紹的是一家熊貓主題的咖啡店自2月1日開業(yè)以來變得很受歡迎，也介紹了成都熊貓基地的一家熊貓郵局的情況?！?3題詳解】考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：自2月1日開業(yè)以來，一家熊貓主題的咖啡店就受到了游客的歡迎?？崭裉幨蔷渥拥闹^語部分，根據(jù)時間狀語sinceitsopeningonFebruary1st可知，應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時，主語是Apanda-themedcoffeeshop，助動詞用has。故填hasbecome。【14題詳解】考查語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：咖啡館里到處都能看到這只可愛動物的形象，成都熊貓基地的熊貓迷們也很歡迎這張海報，在那里人們可以購買到熊貓主題的物品，從郵票、明信片、冰箱貼、信封、玩具到其他紀(jì)念品?？崭裉幨蔷渥拥闹^語部分，描述客觀情況，應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語aPost和動詞welcome之間是被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)該用被動語態(tài)，主語是單數(shù)形式，be動詞用is。故填iswelcomed?！?5題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：咖啡館里到處都能看到這只可愛動物的形象，成都熊貓基地的熊貓迷們也很歡迎這張海報，在那里人們可以購買到熊貓主題的物品，從郵票、明信片、冰箱貼、信封、玩具到其他紀(jì)念品?？崭裉幰龑?dǎo)非限制性定語從句，對先行詞theChengduPandaBase進(jìn)行說明，先行詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，所以應(yīng)該用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)從句。故填where。16題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：咖啡館里到處都能看到這只可愛動物的形象，成都熊貓基地的熊貓迷們也很歡迎這張海報，在那里人們可以購買到熊貓主題的物品，從郵票、明信片、冰箱貼、信封、玩具到其他紀(jì)念品?？崭裉帒?yīng)該用非謂語動詞形式作定語，修飾前面的名詞items，二者是主動關(guān)系，所以，應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在分詞形式ranging作定語。故填ranging。C閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫一個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Slowingdownissometimesveryimportant.Whenweslowdown,wecreatespacetoreflectonourthoughtsandemotions,whichhelpsusidentifyimportantareasofourlivesand___17___(give)ustheopportunitytomakerightchoices.Topractisethis,weneedtoestablishclear___18___(boundary)inourpersonalandprofessionallife.【答案】17.gives18.boundaries【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了生活中慢下來是重要性和意義?！?7題詳解】考查主謂一致。句意：當(dāng)我們慢下來時，我們創(chuàng)造了空間來反思我們的思想和情感，這有助于我們識別生活中的重要領(lǐng)域，并讓我們有機(jī)會做出正確的選擇。根據(jù)句意和空格前的and可知，空格處和上文的helps并列作定語從句的謂語，所以應(yīng)該用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填gives?！?8題詳解】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：要做到這一點(diǎn)，我們需要在個人生活和職業(yè)生活中建立明確的界限。根據(jù)空格前的動詞establish可知，空格處應(yīng)該用名詞作賓語，boundary是可數(shù)名詞，前面無限定詞，此處應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)形式表示泛指。故填boundaries。D閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫一個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。IntraditionalChineseculture,TaiChiisoftenrelatedtotheChineseideaofyinandyang.Forthosewhodoit,TaiChicanbepracticedanytimeandanywhere___19___equipmentoragymnasium.Learningtodoitcorrectlygivesusapracticalway___20___(achieve)balanceandrhythmofmovement.SoitisbelievedthatpracticingTaiChicaninsomewayshelpusstand,walk,moveandrunbetter.【答案】19.without20.toachieve【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了在中國傳統(tǒng)文化中，太極拳的練習(xí)方法以及它給人帶來的幫助和好處。【19題詳解】考查介詞。句意：對于那些這樣做的人來說，太極拳可以在沒有設(shè)備或健身房的情況下隨時隨地練習(xí)。根據(jù)句意以及空后equipmentoragymnasium為名詞可知，此處為介詞without表示“沒有”，滿足句意要求。故填without?！?0題詳解】考查動詞不定式。句意：學(xué)習(xí)正確地做它給了我們一個實用的方法來實現(xiàn)平衡和節(jié)奏的運(yùn)動。此處為動詞不定式todo作后置定語修飾way，waytodo表示“做……的方法”為慣用表達(dá)。故填toachieve。第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié),38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分,共28分）閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中,選出最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AAreyoulookingforteenvolunteeropportunitiesfor2024thatprovidearewardingexperiencethatwillstaywithyouforlife?EveryyearthousandsofteenschoosetovolunteerabroadwithInternationalVolunteerHQ(IVHQ)-theworld’smosttrustedproviderofsafeandaffordablevolunteerprogramsforteens.Servicetripsforteensareavailableinmorethan50destinationsandthereare17teenvolunteerprogramsfor16to18year-olds.Someofthebestprogramsin2024includeTurtleConservationinBali,AnimalCareinCostaRicaandChildcareinTanzania.Or,ifyou’rewantingtovolunteerwithagroupofstudentsfromyourhighschool,IVHQcantailoraprogramforyourgrouptoo!Benefitsforvolunteers:Thereisnodoubtthatvolunteeringasateenagerisameaningfulwaytobroadenyoureducationandaddexperiencesthatwillstandoutonyourcollegeapplication.Crossingboundariestoworkwithpartnersfromdifferentpartsoftheworldfostersglobalunderstanding.Livinginacountrydifferenttoyourownmeansthatyouwillbeinvolvedinanewculture,cuisine,andwayofthinking.Guaranteedsupport:ChancesareyourparentswillalsowanttolearnmoreaboutIVHQ,whetherornottheywillgoabroadwithyou.Havingplacedmorethan130,000volunteersabroad,we’realwayshappytospeakwithparentstoensurealltheirquestionsarefielded.Throughouronlinesafetytraining,comprehensiveinformationbrochures,on-goingsupportfromexperiencedprogrammanagersandround-the-clocksupportfromourlocalteams,IVHQvolunteersarewellsupportedtomakethemostofthetimeabroad.Ifyou’rereadytopackyourbagsandexperienceacompletelydifferentlifestyleandwidenyourglobalperspective,pleasecontactus.IVHQwillbemorethanhappytoofferaservice.21.WhatcanIVHQprovideforahighschoolgroup?A.Rewardsforvolunteering. B.Afreeservicetrip.C.Anopportunitytostudyabroad. D.Aspecializedprogram.22.WhatdoesIVHQpromisetovolunteers?A.Localteams’assistance. B.Partners’support.C.Collegerecommendationletters. D.Parents’company23.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto_____.A.advocatevolunteering B.introducerequirementsC.advertiseaservice D.suggestalifestyle【答案】21.D22.A23.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，是InternationalVolunteerHQ為志愿者提供的服務(wù)的廣告?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Or,ifyou’rewantingtovolunteerwithagroupofstudentsfromyourhighschool,IVHQcantailoraprogramforyourgrouptoo!(或者，如果你想和你高中的一群學(xué)生一起做志愿者，IVHQ也可以為你的小組量身定制一個項目！)”可知，IVHQ能為高中團(tuán)體提供一個專門的項目。故選D?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Guaranteedsupport:部分的“Throughouronlinesafetytraining,comprehensiveinformationbrochures,on-goingsupportfromexperiencedprogrammanagersandround-the-clocksupportfromourlocalteams,IVHQvolunteersarewellsupportedtomakethemostofthetimeabroad.(通過我們的在線安全培訓(xùn)、全面的信息手冊、經(jīng)驗豐富的項目經(jīng)理的持續(xù)支持以及當(dāng)?shù)貓F(tuán)隊的24小時支持，IVHQ志愿者可以充分利用國外的時間。)”可知，IVHQ對志愿者的承諾是當(dāng)?shù)貓F(tuán)隊的協(xié)助。故選A?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是最后一段“Ifyou’rereadytopackyourbagsandexperienceacompletelydifferentlifestyleandwidenyourglobalperspective,pleasecontactus.IVHQwillbemorethanhappytoofferaservice.(如果您準(zhǔn)備好打包行李，體驗完全不同的生活方式，拓寬您的全球視野，請與我們聯(lián)系。IVHQ將非常樂意為您提供服務(wù)。)”可知，本文是InternationalVolunteerHQ為志愿者提供的服務(wù)的廣告，因此目的是為一種服務(wù)做廣告。故選C。BAnArtClassWhenKellywastwelve,shestartedtakingclassesatMissGrace’sSchoolforArt.Shedidn’tlikeitatfirst:the“noviceartists”—thekidswhohadn’treallydoneartbefore-workedmostlywithclay,andKellywasaterriblesculptor.Itwasn’tuntilherthirdyearthatKellyfoundsomethingshewasreallygoodat-charcoaldrawing(素描).Shelovedwatchingthelinesspreadunevenlyacrossthepageasshemovedthebitsofcharcoalbackandforthoverthepaper.Oneday,Sophia,thebestartistinherclass,satdownandsetuphereasel(畫架)nexttoKelly.Kellyfeltasinkingfeelinginherstomach.She’dactuallyfoundanartformthatsheenjoyedandwasgoodat-andnowSophiawasgoingtooutshineheragain?KellyfoughtbacktearswhenMissGraceenteredtheroom.“HelloclassMissGracesaid.”We’llcontinuetoworkontheprojecttoday.WhatmasterpiecewouldSophiahavecomeupwith?KellylookedatSophia’seaselandshecouldn’tbelieveit-itwasamess!Forabriefmoment,Kellycouldn’tactuallybelieveherdrawingwasbetterthanSophia’s.ButthenshelookedatSophia,whowaswatchingKellywithananxiousexpression.“I….Icouldn’tdecidewhattodo,”Sophiasaid.“Andyou’resogood.SometimesIfeellikemystuffisjustsobadincomparison.”KellylookedtoseeifSophiawasjoking,butsheseemedcompletelyserious.NowKellywasshocked.“I’mnottalented...MissGraceseldompraisesme.You’rethebestoneinourclass!”Sophiaraisedhereyebrows.“Imightbeareallygoodcopierofthestuff,butIhavenoideawhattodowhenitcomestomakingupmyownimages.Youaresogreatatmakingnewthingsoutoftheoldstuff.I’velovedyourworks.”“I’velovedyours,too,”Kellysaid.“Well,definitelynotthisone,”Sophiasaid.Kellysmiled.“Maybenotrightnow.Butifyoumovetheselinesup...”shesaid,pointingherfingeronSophia’spaper.Sophiawasquietforamoment.“That’sagreatidea!”shesaidfinally.Kellysmiledandturnedbacktoherdrawing,lookingeverysooftenatSophia’sworktoseethatshewastakingheradvice,downtothelastline.24.WhenKellystartedclassesattheartschool,she_____.A.wasnotgoodatthecourse B.lackedconfidenceindrawingC.wasoftenpushedbyMissGrace D.didnotgetalongwiththeotherkids25.HowdidKellyfeelwhenSophiasatbesideher?A.Thrilled. B.Confused. C.Frustrated. D.Relieved.26.WhatdidKellydointheartclass?A.SheinspiredSophia. B.ShepraisedSophia’screativity.C.ShedecidedtooutshineSophia. D.ShefinishedthedrawingforSophia.27.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Interestisthebestteacher. B.Youarewhatyoubelievetobe.C.Everyonehastheirownstrengths. D.Hardworkwilleventuallypayoff.【答案】24.A25.C26.A27.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講的是Kelly在一節(jié)藝術(shù)課上所發(fā)生的事情?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Shedidn’tlikeitatfirst:the“noviceartists”—thekidswhohadn’treallydoneartbefore-workedmostlywithclay,andKellywasaterriblesculptor.(她一開始并不喜歡：那些“新手藝術(shù)家”——那些以前沒有真正做過藝術(shù)的孩子——主要是用粘土創(chuàng)作的，而凱利是個糟糕的雕塑家。)”可知，當(dāng)Kelly開始在藝術(shù)學(xué)校上課時，她不擅長這門課。故選A?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Kellyfeltasinkingfeelinginherstomach.She’dactuallyfoundanartformthatsheenjoyedandwasgoodat-andnowSophiawasgoingtooutshineheragain?(Kelly感到胃里有一種下沉的感覺。她真的找到了一種自己喜歡并擅長的藝術(shù)形式，而現(xiàn)在索菲亞又要比她更耀眼了？)”可知，當(dāng)索菲亞坐在凱莉身邊時，她感覺到沮喪。故選C?！?6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“Kellysmiled.“Maybenotrightnow.Butifyoumovetheselinesup...”shesaid,pointingherfingeronSophia’spaper.(Kelly笑了。“也許不是現(xiàn)在。但是如果你把這些線往上移動……她用手指著索菲亞的紙說。)”和倒數(shù)第二段“That’sagreatidea!(好主意！)”可知，Kelly在美術(shù)課上啟發(fā)了索菲亞。故選A?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第六段“Youaresogreatatmakingnewthingsoutoftheoldstuff.(你很擅長從舊事物中創(chuàng)造出新事物。)”可知，我們能從文章中了解到每個人都有自己的長處。故選C。CThesoundsoftheNorthernLightshavebeenamysterytoscientistsforoveracentury.Butnowitseemsthataresearcherhasfiguredouthowauroras(極光)reallymakesounds.“Ithasprettymuchbeenconfirmedallovertheworld,”historianFionaAmerysaid.“InCanada,NorwayandRussia,theyareallhearingverymuchthesamesounds.”“Theaurorascanoccurhundredsofkilometersabovetheground,whichstrengthensopinionsthattheirsoundsarejustafalseimpression,”saidFiona.Manyscientistsarguedthataurorasweretoofarawaytohearandthatanysoundwouldtakeseveralminutestoreachtheground,soitwasimpossibleforthemtochangeintimewiththeauroras.However,otherscientistswereconvincedthattheNorthernLightsreallymadenoises.Inthe1920s,CanadianastronomerClarenceChantfirstsuggestedamechanismbywhichtheycouldoccur:Themotionoftheauroracausedchangesintheelectrificationoftheatmospherethatcreatedcracklingsoundsclosetotheground.Almost100yearslater,Clarence’ssuggestionseemsclosetowhatcouldbethetruereasonforthesounds.In2012,anexpertnamedUntoLaineshowedarecordingofauroralsoundsafteryearsofmonitoringauroras.In2016,heannouncedthemechanismthatmakesthesounds:aninversionlayer(逆溫層)ofcoldairintheatmospherethatcanformbelowanauroraandashortdistanceabovethegroundincalmweather.Untoarguesthatvisiblechangesintheauroracausechangesintheinversionlayer,causingaccumulatedelectricitytodischargeassparks(火花)thatcreatesoundsthatcanbeheard.Thatexplainshowthesoundscorrespondwiththeaurora’svisiblemovements—theybegintohappenintheinversionlayeronlyabout75metersabovetheobserver.28.WhatarethewordsFionasaidinParagraph2mainlyabout?A.TheexistenceofthesoundsoftheNorthernLights.B.TheneedtomakefulluseoftheNorthernLights.C.TheproblemscausedbytheNorthernLights.D.ThecauseoftheNorthernLights.29.WhatcanwelearnaboutClarence’ssuggestioninthe1920s?A.Itmatchedalotofoldideas. B.Itwaswellrecognizedthen.C.Itmightbeofgreatvalue. D.Itwasatotalfailure.30.Howdoestheauthorconveyhisideainthetext?A.Bylistingresearchnumbers. B.Bymakingcomparisons.C.Byprovidingexplanations. D.Bygivingexamples.31.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.CanWeEnjoytheNorthernLights?B.DotheNorthernLightsMakeSounds?C.WhyShouldWeStudytheNorthernLights?D.HowDotheNorthernLightsComeintoBeing?【答案】28.A29.C30.D31.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。北極光是否會發(fā)聲對科學(xué)家來說一直是個謎，但現(xiàn)在有研究證實了北極光是能夠發(fā)聲的?！?8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“‘Ithasprettymuchbeenconfirmedallovertheworld,’historianFionaAmerysaid.‘InCanada,NorwayandRussia,theyareallhearingverymuchthesamesounds.’”（歷史學(xué)家菲奧娜·阿梅里說：“這幾乎在全世界都得到了證實?！薄霸诩幽么?、挪威和俄羅斯，他們都聽到了非常相同的聲音?！保┛赏浦诙蜦iona所說的話主要表明北極光聲音是存在的。故選A項?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Inthe1920s,CanadianastronomerClarenceChantfirstsuggestedamechanismbywhichtheycouldoccur:Themotionoftheauroracausedchangesintheelectrificationoftheatmospherethatcreatedcracklingsoundsclosetotheground.Almost100yearslater,Clarence’ssuggestionseemsclosetowhatcouldbethetruereasonforthesounds.”（20世紀(jì)20年代，加拿大天文學(xué)家克拉倫斯·錢特首次提出了一種可能發(fā)生極光的機(jī)制：極光的運(yùn)動引起了大氣帶電的變化，在接近地面的地方產(chǎn)生了噼里啪啦的聲音。近100年后，克拉倫斯的推測似乎接近了這些聲音產(chǎn)生的真正原因。）可知，人們發(fā)現(xiàn)克拉倫斯·錢特在20世紀(jì)20年代提出的推測似乎接近極光聲音產(chǎn)生的真正原因，所以它現(xiàn)在仍然可能有很大的價值。故選C項?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段FionaAmery所說、文章第四段“Inthe1920s,CanadianastronomerClarenceChantfirstsuggestedamechanismbywhichtheycouldoccur:Themotionoftheauroracausedchangesintheelectrificationoftheatmospherethatcreatedcracklingsoundsclosetotheground.”（20世紀(jì)20年代，加拿大天文學(xué)家克拉倫斯·錢特首次提出了一種可能發(fā)生極光的機(jī)制：極光的運(yùn)動引起了大氣帶電的變化，在接近地面的地方產(chǎn)生了噼里啪啦的聲音。）和文章倒數(shù)第二段“In2012,anexpertnamedUntoLaineshowedarecordingofauroralsoundsafteryearsofmonitoringauroras.”（2012年，一位名叫托恩·萊恩的專家在對極光進(jìn)行了多年的監(jiān)測后，展示了一段極光聲音的錄音。）可知，文章列舉了FionaAmery、ClarenceChant和UntoLaine對北極光發(fā)聲原理的研究，所以作者是通過舉例的方法來表達(dá)他的想法。故選D項?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文并結(jié)合文章第一段“ThesoundsoftheNorthernLightshavebeenamysterytoscientistsforoveracentury.Butnowitseemsthataresearcherhasfiguredouthowauroras(極光)reallymakesounds.”（一個多世紀(jì)以來，北極光的聲音對科學(xué)家來說一直是個謎。但現(xiàn)在，一位研究人員似乎已經(jīng)弄清楚了極光(極光)是如何發(fā)出聲音的。）可知，文章主要是圍繞對“北極光的聲音”這一謎團(tuán)的研究展開。故B選項“DotheNorthernLightsMakeSounds?(北極光會發(fā)出聲音嗎?)”是最佳標(biāo)題。故選B項。DSeptember2022wasapparentlythemonthartificialintelligenceessayanxietyboiledovernacademia,afterauserofanAIwritingserviceclaimedtobegettingstraightA'swithessayswritten"usingartificialintelligence.Mostprofessorsexpressedconcern.Onewrote,“GradingsomethinganAlwroteisanincrediblydepressingwasteofmylife.”Asallthisonlinedepressionwasplayingout,Iaskedmystudents,whoweremostlymajorsinwriting,tosubmita2,000-wordproposalaboutalocalissue.IaskedthemtorelyontheAIasmuchaspossible.Afterreviewingtheir22AIessays,Icantellyouconfidentlythatthetechnologyjustisn'tthere.Mystudentsusedfreeaccessibletextgeneratorsonlineandputinalotofeffort.But,ifIhadbelievedtheseweregenuinestudentessays,theverybestwouldhaveearnedsomewherearoundaCorC-minus.ManyoftheessayshadobviousredflagsforAlgeneration:outdatedfacts,quotesfromprioruniversitypresidentspresentedascurrentpresidents,fictionalprofessorsandnamedstudentorganizationsthatdon’texist.Atthesametime,thestudentsreportedthatusingAlrequiredfarmoretimethansimplywritingtheiressaystheold-fashionedwaywouldhave.TherehasbeenafairamountwrittenaboutthesupposedimpressivenessofAl-generatedtext.Thereareevenseveralhigh-profileAl-writtenarticles,essaysorevenscientificpapersorscreenplaysthatshowcasethisimpressiveness.Inmanyofthesecases,the“authors”haveaccesstohigher-qualitylanguagemodelsthanmoststudentsarecurrentlyabletouse.But,moreimportantly,thepublishedexamplesaregenerallythepolishedformofprofessionalwritersandeditors.Incontrast,manyofmystudents’Al-generatedessaysshowedthecommonproblemsofstudentwriting—uncertaintyabouttheappropriatewritingstyle,issueswithorganizationandtransitions,andinconsistentparagraphing.Obviously,producingaqualityessaywithAIrequireshavinghighwritingskillandrevisingskilltoproduceappropriateoutputs.MyexperimentsotellsmethatagoodassignmentsheetisthebestdefenseagainstAIessays.Ifyourassignmentis“DescribethereasonsfortheU.S.CivilWar”,youaremorelikelytogetAIordownloadedessaysubmissions.Myassignmentwasachallengebecauseitaskedstudentstoaddresslocalissuesofconcern.TherearejustnotenoughrelevantexamplesinthedatatheAItextgeneratorsaredrawingfrom.Ithasbeenjustoverfiveyearssincecomputerscientistsdeclared,“Weshouldstoptrainingradiologist(放射科醫(yī)生)now.Deeplearningisgoingtodobetterthanradiologists.”Well,we’restilltrainingradiologists,andthere’snoindicationthatdeeplearningisgoingtoreplacehumandoctorsanytimesoon.Inmuchthesameway,Istronglysuspectfull-onrobotwritingwillalwaysandforeverbe“justaroundthecome”.32.WhatdoestheauthorimplyinParagraph3?A.Onlinetextgeneratorsarefarfromreliable.B.Genuinestudentessaysdeservehighermarks.C.Studentsneedtohavebettermasteryoftechnology.D.RevisingapplicationsdecidethequalityofAIessays.33.Intheauthor'sopinion,whatmaydiscouragetheuseofAItextgenerators?A.Standardcriteria B.Strictregulations.C.Clearinstructions. D.Uniquewritingtasks.34.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.ToassessAI'sinfluenceonstudents'writing.B.TodiscussthethreatofAltotheteachingofwriting.C.ToappealfortheappropriateapplicationofAItextgenerators.D.ToanalysethedifferencesbetweengenuineandAl-writtenessays.【答案】32.A33.D34.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要討論了人工智能引發(fā)的學(xué)術(shù)焦慮，作者通過實驗告訴我們，我們不需要過于擔(dān)憂人工智能的使用。【32題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“But,moreimportantly,thepublishedexamplesaregenerallythepolishedformofprofessionalwritersandeditors.Incontrast,manyofmystudents'Al-generatedessaysshowedthecommonproblemsofstudentwriting-uncertaintyabouttheappropriatewritingstyle,issueswithorganizationandtransitions,andinconsistentparagraphing.Obviously,producingaqualityessaywithAIrequireshavinghighwritingskillandrevisingskilltoproduceappropriateoutputs.(但是，更重要的是，發(fā)表的例子通常是專業(yè)作家和編輯的潤色形式。相比之下，我的許多學(xué)生的人工智能論文顯示了學(xué)生寫作的常見問題——不確定合適的寫作風(fēng)格，組織和過渡的問題，以及不一致的分段。顯然，用人工智能寫一篇高質(zhì)量的文章需要有很高的寫作技巧和修改技巧來產(chǎn)生適當(dāng)?shù)妮敵觥?”可以推斷，用AI文本生成器想寫一篇高質(zhì)量的文章是不太可能的。因此，作者認(rèn)為AI文本生成器并不可靠。故選A。【33題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“MyexperimentsotellsmethatagoodassignmentsheetisthebestdefenseagainstAIessays.Ifyourassignmentis"DescribethereasonsfortheU.S.CivilWar",youaremorelikelytogetAIordownloadedessaysubmissions.Myassignmentwasachallengebecauseitaskedstudentstoaddresslocalissuesofconcern.TherearejustnotenoughrelevantexamplesinthedatatheAItextgeneratorsaredrawingfrom.(我實驗告訴我，一份好的作業(yè)表是對抗人工智能論文的最佳方法。如果你的作業(yè)是“描述美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)的原因”，你更有可能得到人工智能或下載的論文提交。我的作業(yè)是一個挑戰(zhàn)，因為它要求學(xué)生解決當(dāng)?shù)仃P(guān)注的問題。AI文本生成器所使用的數(shù)據(jù)中沒有足夠的相關(guān)例子。)”可知，作者認(rèn)為如果不想讓學(xué)生使用AI文本生成器，教師可以布置獨(dú)特的寫作任務(wù)，這樣學(xué)生就無法使用AI文本生成器。故選D。【34題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“September2022wasapparentlythemonthartificialintelligenceessayanxietyboiledovernacademia,afterauserofanAIwritingserviceclaimedtobegettingstraightA'swithessayswritten"usingartificialintelligence.(2022年9月顯然是人工智能論文焦慮在學(xué)術(shù)界爆發(fā)的一個月，此前一名人工智能寫作服務(wù)的用戶聲稱，用人工智能“寫”的論文得到了全A。大多數(shù)教授對此表示擔(dān)憂。)”以及最后一段“Inmuchthesameway,Istronglysuspectfull-onrobotwritingwillalwaysandforeverbe"justaroundthecome”.(同樣地，我強(qiáng)烈懷疑完全的機(jī)器人寫作將永遠(yuǎn)是“指日可待”。)”以及全文內(nèi)容可知，文章的目的是討論了人工智能對于寫作教學(xué)的威脅，作者認(rèn)為人們無需太過于擔(dān)憂機(jī)器人寫作會代替學(xué)生寫作。故選B。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分,共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。“Istheglasshalfemptyorhalffull?”ThisoldEnglishsayinghaslongbeenusedtodifferentiateapessimistfromanoptimist.Formostyoungpeopletoday,theanswerisusually“halffull”,becausewehavebeentaughtthatapositiveattitudetowardslifeisoneoftheprimarykeystosuccess.____35____Recentstudiesindicatethatitalldepends.Thereissuchathingastoomuchpositivity,alsoknownastoxicpositivity.Ithappenswhensomeoneremainsinahappyandpositivestateandignoresanybadandnegativeemotionsacrossallsituations.____36____Thedeathofapet,alowscoreonatest,oramountainofnewhomeworkshouldleadtoemotionssuchassadness,frustrationandanger.Ifwehidetheseemotionsjustbecausewewanttolookoptimisticinfrontofourfriendsandfamily,theycanbuildupinsideofusandenduperuptinginunexpectedways.____37________38____Imaginehavinghadabadday,andwantingtotalkaboutitwithyourfriend.However,insteadoflisteningtoyourproblemsandsympathizingwithyou,theysimplytoldyouto“bepositive”andto“l(fā)ookonthebrightside.”Bysayingsuchthings,theygiveyoutheimpressionthatyourproblemsarebeingcompletelyignored.Moreover,sinceyoudon’thavetheright“attitude,”yourproblemsareultimatelyyourownfault.Thatbeingsaid,nobodylikestobearounddepressedpeople.Justtakeeverythingasitcomesandexpresshowyoureallyfeel.____39____.GiveneverythingIhavealreadysaid,mysimpleadvicetoyouistodothatwhichgivesyouthebest“attitude”inlife,whateverforyouthatmightbe.Regardlessofwhetheraglassishalf-emptyorhalf-full,itnonethelessstillhasspacetofill.A.However,isbeingnegativenecessarilyabadthing?B.Thismakesyouhumanandyourtruefriendswillalwaysstickbyyou.C.Butactually,itisnormalforustoexperiencearangeofemotionsinaday.D.AndthisiswhyIwouldwanttowriteaboutstayingpositiveinthesedifficulttimes.E.Evidencesuggeststhatoverlypositivepeopleareatahigherriskofde