2025版高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)第3部分人與自然主題群2環(huán)境保護主題語境2人類生存社會發(fā)展與環(huán)境的關(guān)系教師用書教案

PAGE主題語境(二)人類生存、社會發(fā)展與環(huán)境的關(guān)系閱讀理解A(2024·全國Ⅲ·D)Wearetheproductsofevolution，andnotjustevolutionthatoccurredbillionsofyearsago.Asscientistslookdeeperintoourgenes(基因)，theyarefindingexamplesofhumanevolutioninjustthepastfewthousandyears.PeopleinEthiopianhighlandshaveadaptedtolivingathighaltitudes.Cattle-raisingpeopleinEastAfricaandnorthernEuropehavegainedamutation(突變)thathelpsthemdigestmilkasadults.OnThursdayinanarticlepublishedinCell，ateamofresearchersreportedanewkindofadaptation—nottoairortofood，buttotheocean.Agroupofsea-dwellingpeopleinSoutheastAsiahaveevolvedintobetterdivers.TheBajau，asthesepeopleareknown，numberinthehundredsofthousandsinIndonesia，MalaysiaandthePhilippines.Theyhavetraditionallylivedonhouseboats;inrecenttimes，they'vealsobuilthousesonstilts(支柱)incoastalwaters.“Theyaresimplyastrangertotheland，”saidRodneyC．Jubilado，aUniversityofHawaiiresearcherwhostudiestheBajau.Dr.JubiladofirstmettheBajauwhilegrowinguponSamalIslandinthePhilippines.Theymadealivingasdivers，spearfishingorharvestingshellfish.“Weweresoamazedthattheycouldstayunderwatermuchlongerthanuslocalislanders，”Dr.Jubiladosaid.“Icouldseethemactuallywalkingunderthesea.”In2015,MelissaIlardo,thenagraduatestudentingeneticsattheUniversityofCopenhagen,heardabouttheBajau.Shewonderedifcenturiesofdivingcouldhaveledtotheevolutionofphysicalcharacteristicsthatmadethetaskeasierforthem.“Itseemedliketheperfectchancefornaturalselectiontoactonapopulation，”saidDr.Ilardo.ShealsosaidtherewerelikelyanumberofothergenesthathelptheBajaudive.【語篇解讀】探討發(fā)覺居住在東南亞的巴瑤族人為了更好地生存，進化成了更好的潛水者。1．WhatdoestheauthorwanttotellusbytheexamplesinParagraph1?A．Environmentaladaptationofcattleraisers.B．Newknowledgeofhumanevolution.C．Recentfindingsofhumanorigin.D．Significanceoffoodselection.B[細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段中的“theyarefindingexamplesofhumanevolutioninjustthepastfewthousandyears”可以推斷，作者舉例主要是為了告知讀者人類進化的新學(xué)問，故選B。]2．WheredotheBajaubuildtheirhouses?A．Invalleys. B．Nearrivers.C．Onthebeach. D．Offthecoast.D[細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中的“Theyhavetraditionallylivedonhouseboats；inrecenttimes，they'vealsobuilthousesonstilts(支柱)incoastalwaters.”可知，巴瑤族人主要居住在沿海地區(qū)，故D項正確。]3．WhywastheyoungJubiladoastonishedattheBajau?A．Theycouldwalkonstiltsallday.B．Theyhadasuperbwayoffishing.C．Theycouldstaylongunderwater.D．Theylivedonbothlandandwater.C[細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段中的“Weweresoamazedthattheycouldstayunderwatermuchlongerthanuslocalislanders”可知，年輕的Jubilado對巴瑤族人驚異不已的地方在于他們可以在水下待很長的時間，故選C。]4．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．BodiesRemodeledforaLifeatSeaB．Highlanders'SurvivalSkillsC．BasicMethodsofGeneticResearchD．TheWorld'sBestDiversA[標(biāo)題歸納題。本文是一篇探討報道，依據(jù)其次段的探討結(jié)果“ateamofresearchersreportedanewkindofadaptation—nottoairortofood，buttotheocean”可知，本文主要講解并描述了巴瑤族人為了更好地適應(yīng)海上的生活，身體結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生了變更，所以A項適合作本文的標(biāo)題。]B(2024·天津5月卷·C)Transporthasalottoanswerforwhenitcomestoharmingtheplanet.Whilecarsandtrainsaremovingtowardsgreener，electricpower，emissionsfromairtravelareexpectedtoincreasemassivelyby2050.Ifwewantbiggreenskysolutions，weneedblueskythinking.Fortunately，there'splentyofthathappeningrightnow，particularlytheshort-haulflightspoweredbybatteries.HarbourAiristhelargestseaplaneairlineinNorthAmerica，flying30,000commercialflightsin40seaplaneseachyear.Significantly，allHarbourAirrouteslastlessthan30minutes，makingitperfectlyfitforelectricengines.“Asanairline，we'recurrentlyintheprocessofturningallourplanesintoelectricairplanes，”saysCEOGregMcDougall.Tomakethishappen，theairlinehaspartneredupwithMagniXtocreatetheworld'sfirstcommercialflightwithanelectricengine.Makingtheskieselectricisn'tjustgoodfortheenvironment;italsomakessoundfinancialsense：asmallaircraftuses$400onconventionalfuelfora100-mileflight，whileanelectriconecosts$8—12forthesamedistance，andthat'sbeforeyoufactorinthehighermaintenancecostsofatraditionalengine.There'salsotheaddedbonusthatelectricplanesarejustmuchmorepleasanttoflyin.Noloudenginenoise，nosmelloffuel，justenvironmentallyfriendlypeaceandquiet.Whiletherehasbeenrealprogressinthee-planeindustry，thetechnicalchallengesthatremainarekeepingeveryone'sfeetfirmlyontheground.Abattery，evenalithiumone，onlyprovides250watt-hoursperkilogram;comparethistoliquidfuel，whichhasaspecificenergyof11,890watt-hoursperkilogram.Carryingadequatebatteries，however，wouldmaketheplanetooheavytogetofftheground.Inaircraft，whereeverybitofweightcounts，thiscan'tjustbeignored.Thetransition(過渡)fromgastoelectricintheautomobileindustryhasbeenmadeeasierbyhybrids—vehiclespoweredbybothfuelandelectricity.Manybelievethesamepatterncouldbefollowedintheair.Fuelconsumptioncouldbereducedastheelectriccomponentisswitchedonatkeypartsofthejourney，especiallyontake-offandlanding.It'scertainlyanexcitingtimeforelectricflying.WithcompanieslikeHarbourAirtakingthelead，battery-poweredplanes，especiallyonshort-hauljourneys，aresettobecomearealityinthenextfewyears.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，講解并描述了在空運中，尤其是在短途空運中運用電能作為能量來源的可能性、好處、存在的挑戰(zhàn)以及解決方法。5．AccordingtoPara.1，whatishappeninginairtransport?A．Newexplorationsoftheskyarebeinglaunched.B．Pollutioncausedbybatteriesisbeingcontrolled.C．Effortsarebeingmadetomakeairtravelgreener.D．Demandforshort-haulflightsisincreasingmassively.C[細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段最終一句“Fortunately，there'splentyofthathappeningrightnow，particularlytheshort-haulflightspoweredbybatteries.”可知，幸運的是，人們正在構(gòu)思解決空運產(chǎn)生的環(huán)境污染的方法，如由電池供應(yīng)動力的短程航班，即現(xiàn)在人們正在努力讓空中旅行變得更加環(huán)保，故C項正確。]6．WhyisHarbourAirfitforelectricflights?A．Itrunsshortroutes.B．Ithasastrongpartner.C．Itsplanescanlandonthesea.D．Ithasplaneswithpowerfulengines.A[細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中的“Significantly，allHarbourAirrouteslastlessthan30minutes，makingitperfectlyfitforelectricengines.”可知，HarbourAir適合運用電能供應(yīng)動力的飛機的緣由是它全部航線的航行時間都不超過30分鐘，換句話說就是航線短，故A項正確。]7．Theexpression“addedbonus”referstothefactthatelectricplanes________.A．givepassengersmorepleasantviewsB．bringairlinesmorefinancialbenefitsC．offermoreenjoyableflyingexperiencesD．costlessinmaintenancethantraditionalonesC[詞義揣測題。依據(jù)第三段中的“There'salsotheaddedbonusthatelectricplanesarejustmuchmorepleasanttoflyin.Noloudenginenoise，nosmelloffuel，justenvironmentallyfriendlypeaceandquiet.”可知，“thatelectricplanesarejustmuchmorepleasanttoflyin”是同位語從句，說明說明“addedbonus”的內(nèi)容，而電動飛機飛行時沒有發(fā)動機的噪音，沒有燃油的氣味，只有寧靜，這使人們能夠獲得更加愉悅的飛行體驗，故C項正確。]8．Whatmightbethebiggestchallengeofelectricflying?A．Toimprovethegroundservicefore-planes.B．Tofindqualifiedtechniciansforthee-planeindustry.C．Tocalculatetheenergyneededtopowere-planes.D．Tobalancepowerandweightofbatteriesine-planes.D[推理推斷題。依據(jù)第四段中的“Carryingadequatebatteries，however，wouldmaketheplanetooheavytogetofftheground.Inaircraft，whereeverybitofweightcounts，thiscan'tjustbeignored.”可知，假如攜帶足夠的電池，飛機就會過重而無法起飛，由此可知，平衡電池重量與電量是電力飛行面臨的最大挑戰(zhàn)，故D項正確。]9．Whatcouldbedoneduringthetransitionfromgastoelectricinairflight?A．Toproducenewelectriccomponents.B．Toincreasebatteryconsumption.C．Tousemixed-powertechnology.D．Toexpandthelandingfield.C[細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段可知，很多人認為，燃料和電力同時供能這種模式，即混合型供能技術(shù)可以運用在空運中，故C項正確。]10．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheprospectofelectricflying?A．Short-sighted. B．Wait-and-see.C．Optimistic. D．Skeptical.C[觀點看法題。依據(jù)最終一段的內(nèi)容可知，作者認為電力飛行，尤其是短途旅行中的電力飛行確定會在接下來的幾年中成為現(xiàn)實。由此推知，作者對電力飛行持樂觀看法，故C項正確。]C(2024·全國卷Ⅱ·C)Whenyouweretryingtofigureoutwhattobuyfortheenvironmentalistonyourholidaylist，furprobablydidn'tcrossyourmind.Butsomeecologistsandfashion(時裝)enthusiastsaretryingtobringbackthemarketforfurmadefromnutria(海貍鼠)．UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynhaveshowcasednutriafurmadeintoclothesindifferentstyles.“Itsoundscrazytotalkaboutguilt-freefur—unlessyouunderstandthatthenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlandseveryyear，”saysCreeMcCree，projectdirectorofRighteousFur.ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedtopayhunters$5atail.SomeofthefurendsupinthefashionshowsliketheoneinBrooklynlastmonth.NutriawerebroughttherefromArgentinabyfurfarmersandletgointothewild.“Theecosystemdowntherecan'thandlethisnon-nativespecies(物種)．It'sdestroyingtheenvironment.It'sthemorus，”saysMichaelMassimi，anexpertinthisfield.Thefurtradekeptnutriaincheckfordecades，butwhenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthelate1980s，thecat-sizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.BiologistEdmondMoutonrunsthenutriacontrolprogramforLouisiana.Hesaysit'snoteasytoconvincepeoplethatnutriafurisgreen，buthehasnodoubtaboutit.Huntersbringinmorethan300,000nutriatailsayear，sopartofMouton'sjobthesedaysistryingtopromotefur.Thenthere'sRighteousFuranditsunusualfashions.ModelPaigeMorgansays，“Togivepeopleaguilt-freeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem—Ithinkthat'sgoingtobeamassivething，atleasthereinNewYork.”DesignerJenniferAndersonadmitsittookherawhiletocomearoundtotheopinionthatusingnutriafurforhercreationsismorallyacceptable.She'stryingtocomeupwithalabeltoattachtonutriafashionstoshowitiseco-friendly.【語篇解讀】本文介紹了海貍鼠破壞了生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，穿海貍鼠皮毛制成的衣服并不會對環(huán)境造成威逼，而且人們也不會有負罪感。11．WhatisthepurposeofthefashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklyn?A．Topromoteguilt-freefur.B．Toexpandthefashionmarket.C．Tointroduceanewbrand.D．Tocelebrateawinterholiday.A[細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中的“UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynhaveshowcasednutriafur”及“Itsoundscrazytotalkaboutguilt-freefur...everyyear”可知，時裝秀的意圖是推銷無罪惡感的皮毛草交易。故選A。]12．Whyarescientistsconcernedaboutnutria?A．Nutriadamagetheecosystemseriously.B．Nutriaareanendangeredspecies.C．Nutriahurtlocalcat-sizedanimals.D．Nutriaareillegallyhunted.A[細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中的“thenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlandseveryyear”以及第四段中的“Theecosystem...It'sdestroyingtheenvironment.”可知，因為海貍鼠破壞濕地進而破壞了環(huán)境，所以科學(xué)家對它們很擔(dān)憂。故選A。]13．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“collapsed”inParagraph5probablymean?A．Boomed. B．Becamemature.C．Remainedstable. D．Crashed.D[詞義揣測題。依據(jù)畫線詞前的“Thefurtradekeptnutriaincheckfordecades”可知，幾十年來，毛皮貿(mào)易使海貍鼠(的數(shù)量)處于限制之下。依據(jù)畫線詞后的“thecat-sizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy”可知，這種像貓大小的動物瘋狂地繁殖。由此可推知，20世紀(jì)80年頭末海貍鼠市場癱瘓了。collapse的意思應(yīng)是“崩潰”，故選D。]14．WhatcanweinferaboutwearingfurinNewYorkaccordingtoMorgan?A．It'sformal. B．It'srisky.C．It'sharmful. D．It'straditional.B[推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段中的“Togivepeopleaguilt-freeoption...amassivething，atleasthereinNewYork.”可知，在紐約，穿毛皮衣服具有風(fēng)險性。故選B。]閱讀七選五(2024·浙江1月卷)Let'stakeaminutetothinkaboutthewaterweuse.Thehumanbodyis60%waterandweneedtodrinklotsofwatertobehealthy.Whenwearethirstywejustgotothekitchenandfillaglasswithcleanwater.1Forexample，farmers，whoproducethefoodweeat，usewatertomaketheplantsgrow.WhenweturnonalightorswitchonaTVoracomputerweuseenergyandweneedwatertoproducethisenergy.Thetruthisthatweareluckyenoughtohavecleanwaterwheneverwewant，butthisisnotthecaseformanypeoplearoundtheworld.2That'saroundonein10peopleintheworld.Ifwedrinkdirtywater，wecancatchdiseasesfromthebacteriaandbecomeill.Everyyearover500,000childrendiefromdiarrhoea(腹瀉)fromdirtywater.That'saround1,400childreneveryday！Also，insomecountrieschildrenwalkmanykilometreseverydaytogetwater.3Therefore，theydon'thavetimetolearnhowtoreadorwriteanddon'tgetaneducation.4Onthisdayeveryyear，countriesaroundtheworldholdeventstoeducatepeopleabouttheproblemsofdirtywaterandthatcleanwaterissomethingthateveryoneshouldhavearoundtheworld.AtoneschoolintheUK，childrenbetweentheagesof10and15walk6kmwithsixlitresofwater.5Peoplegivethemmoneytodothisandallthemoneyhelpsgetcleanwatertoasmanypeopleaspossiblearoundtheworld.A．Weusewaterindirectlytoo.B．Everysysteminourbodydependsonwatertofunction.C．Itistoinspirepeopletolearnmoreaboutwater-relatedproblems.D．Ifchildrenwalkmanyhoursadaytogetwater，theycan'tgotoschool.E．Didyouknowthataround750millionpeopledonothavecleanwatertodrink?F．In1993theUnitedNationsdecidedthatMarch22ndistheWorldDayforWater.G．Inthisway，theyknowhowitfeelstowalkalongdistancecarryingheavybottles.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文，主要介紹了水的重要性。當(dāng)前世界上很多人喝不到干凈的水，我們要珍惜水資源。1．A[結(jié)合上文的“Thehumanbodyis60%waterandweneedtodrinklotsofwater”和下文的“usewatertomaketheplantsgrow”“weneedwatertoproducethisenergy”可知，第一段講解并描述了人類干脆用水，而其次段講解并描述了人類間接用水，故選A項。]2．E[結(jié)合下文的“That'saroundonein10peopleintheworld.Ifwedrinkdirtywater”可知，此處講解并描述世界上還有很多人缺少干凈的飲用水，而這與E項中的“donothavecleanwatertodrink”信息一樣。特殊要留意選項中及下文的關(guān)鍵詞“people”的呼應(yīng)和選項中及上文的“cleanwater”的呼應(yīng)。]3．D[結(jié)合上文提到的“Also，insomecountrieschildrenwalkmanykilometreseverydaytogetwater”和下文的“Therefore，theydon'thavetimetolearnhowtoreadorwriteanddon'tgetaneducation”可知，在一些國家，孩子們?yōu)榱巳∷氁ㄙM大量的時間，因此不能上學(xué)。故選D項。要留意選項中的children和getwater與上文的呼應(yīng)，以及選項中的school與下文的“readorwrite”和“getaneducation”的呼應(yīng)。]4．F[依據(jù)下文的“Onthisdayeveryyear，countriesaroundtheworldholdeventstoeducatepeople”可知，下文詳細提到了每年這一天人們要做的事情，這是F項的進一步拓展，由此答案選F項。]5．G[結(jié)合上文的“childrenbetweentheagesof10and15walk6kmwithsixlitresofwater”可知，這所學(xué)校的孩子要體驗取水的艱辛，10－15歲的孩子要提著6升水走6千米，這與選項G中的“walkalongdistancecarryingheavybottles”相符。要留意選項中的Inthisway“通過這種方式”，是對上文的延長。故答案為G項。]Ⅰ.寫出所給單詞的漢語意思1．evolutionn．發(fā)展，進化2．genen．基因3．a(chǎn)daptv．調(diào)整，適應(yīng)4．a(chǎn)ltituden．海拔5．northernadj.北方的6．traditionallyadv.傳統(tǒng)上地7．coastaladj.海岸的8．batteryn．電池9．maintenancen．維護10．specificadj.明確的11．a(chǎn)dequateadj.足夠的12．transitionn．過渡，轉(zhuǎn)變13．enthusiastn．愛好者，狂熱者14．collapsev．倒塌，崩潰15．multiplyv．乘，大量繁殖16．doubtn．懷疑17．massiveadj.巨大的18．thirstyadj.渴的19．truthn．事實Ⅱ.依據(jù)所給漢語寫出英文單詞1．digestv．消化，汲取2．a(chǎn)ctuallyadv.事實上3．increasev．增加4．progressn．進步5．ignorev．忽視6．nativen．當(dāng)?shù)厝?．diseasen．疾病8．thereforeadv.因此Ⅲ.依據(jù)所給提示寫出派生單詞1．selectvt.選擇；選擇→selectionn．選擇2．enginen．引擎→engineern．工程師3．electricityn．電→electricaladj.電的4．promotev．促進，提升→promotionn．提升，晉升5．guiltn．內(nèi)疚；犯罪→guiltyadj.內(nèi)疚的Ⅳ.依據(jù)所給漢語寫出慣用習(xí)語1．when_it_comes_to當(dāng)談到，就……而言2．take_the_lead領(lǐng)先3．let_go放開，釋放4．keep_in_check約束5．come_up_with提出，想到[即時演練]單句語法填空1．Thecompanyhas_evolved(evolve)intoamajorchemicalmanufacturer.2．Thesupplieswere_transported(transport)tothelocalpeopleimmediatelytheearthquakehappened.3．Totellyouthetruth，I'mgratefulforyourhelpingmemakemydreamcometrue.(true)4．Hehadapleasant，liltingnorthern(north)accent.5．Youhavetoanswereveryquestionasspecifically(specific)aspossiblewhenthepolicecome.6．Thefestivalistraditionally(tradition)heldinMay.7．ThePresidentisdeeplyconcernedaboutthisissue.8．Drinkwheneveryoufeelthirsty(thirst)duringexercise.9．Payattentiontoyouremotionalenergyandkeepitincheckespeciallyinpublic.Ⅰ.熟詞生義(寫出句中黑體詞的漢語意思)1．Whenyouweretryingtofigureoutwhattobuyfortheenvironmentalistonyourholidaylist,furprobablydidn'tcrossyourmind.出現(xiàn)在腦海中2．NutriawerebroughttherefromArgentinabyfurfarmersandletgointothewild.放生3．DesignerJenniferAndersonadmitsittookherawhiletocomearoundtotheopinionthatusingnutriafurforhercreationsismorallyacceptable.一段時間Ⅱ.似易實難(將句中黑體詞部分譯成漢語)1．TheBajau,asthesepeopleareknown，numberinthehundredsofthousandsinIndonesia,MalaysiaandthePhilippines.[譯文]這些人被稱為“巴瑤人”，在印度尼西亞、馬來西亞和菲律賓有數(shù)十萬人。2．Transporthasalottoanswerforwhenitcomestoharmingtheplanet.[譯文]當(dāng)談到對地球的危害，運輸業(yè)負有很大責(zé)任。Ⅲ.困難晦澀(分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)并譯成漢語)1．Shewonderedifcenturiesofdivingcouldhaveledtotheevolutionofphysicalcharacteristicsthatmadethetaskeasierforthem.[分析]本句是復(fù)合句。shewondered是主句，if引導(dǎo)賓語從句，表示“是否”，從句主語是centuriesofdiving，謂語部分是couldhaveledto...，that引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾先行詞physicalcharacteristics，that在從句中作made的主語。[譯文]她想知道數(shù)百年的潛水生活是否引起了身體特征的進化，從而使他們的潛水變得更簡潔。2．Makingtheskieselectricisn'tjustgoodfortheenvironment;italsomakessoundfinancialsense:asmallaircraftuses$400onconventionalfuelfora100-mileflight,whileanelectriconecosts$8—12forthesamedistance,andthat'sbeforeyoufactorinthehighermaintenancecostsofatraditionalengine.[分析]本句是兩個并列分句，中間用分號(；)連接。前面分句是簡潔句，主語是makingtheskieselectric。后邊分句也是簡潔句，謂語部分是makessoundfinancialsense。冒號后面是說明說明，這部分是while連接的兩個并列分句，在while后面的分句中，又加入了一個由and連接的并列句。句中sound是形容詞，表示“合理的，明智的”；factor是動詞，表示“作為因素考慮進來”。[譯文]運用電動飛機不只是對環(huán)境有利，而且在節(jié)約財政支出上也頗有意義。同樣飛行一百英里，一架傳統(tǒng)燃油小型飛機花費400美元，而一架電動飛機只需8—12美元，而且這還沒有考慮傳統(tǒng)飛機發(fā)動機維護的昂揚費用。3．Togivepeopleaguilt-freeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem—Ithinkthat'sgoingtobeamassivething,atleasthereinNewYork.[分析]本句破折號前面不是完整句子，可以理解為破折號后that所指代的內(nèi)容。破折號前半句中的that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，說明說明前面的option。破折號后的that是一般代詞，不是從句引導(dǎo)詞。[譯文]給人們一個無內(nèi)疚感的選擇，他們可以穿皮草，沒有人會朝他們潑油漆——我覺得這會是一件大事，至少在紐約是這樣的。4．Onthisdayeveryyear,countriesaroundtheworldholdeventstoeducatepeopleabouttheproblemsofdirtywaterandthatcleanwaterissomethingthateveryoneshouldhavearoundtheworld.[分析]本句是復(fù)合句。主句主謂結(jié)構(gòu)為countriesholdevents，toeducatepeople是不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作目的狀語，在目的狀語中，第一個that引導(dǎo)educate的賓語從句，that不作成分。其次個that引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾先行詞something，作shouldhave的賓語。[譯文]每年的這一天，世界各地都舉辦活動，宣揚污水帶來的問題，告知人們?nèi)澜缑恳粋€人都應(yīng)當(dāng)飲用干凈的水。1．occurvi.發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)(1)occurto出現(xiàn)在(2)occurrencen．發(fā)生(的事情)agoodideaoccurredtome我想到一個好辦法itoccurredtomethat...我想到……afrequentoccurrence常常發(fā)生的事[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空①Yearsago，acriticaleventoccurred(occur)inmylifethatwouldchangeitforever.②Itneveroccurredtoherto_ask(ask)foranyonewhenshewasintrouble.[實力提升]——完成句子他想起他應(yīng)該向老師尋求幫助。It_occurred_to_him_thatheshouldturntohisteacherforhelp.2．a(chǎn)daptvt.使適應(yīng)；改編(1)adaptto適應(yīng)adaptoneselfto(＝adjustoneselfto)使自己適應(yīng)……(2)adapt...from...依據(jù)……改編……adapt...for...改編……為……用(3)adaptableadj.能適應(yīng)的；可修改的adaptationn．適應(yīng)；改編；改寫本adaptmyselftolifeinthecity使自己適應(yīng)城市生活adapttotheenvironment適應(yīng)環(huán)境anoveladaptedfortelevision改編成電視劇的小說anewfilmadaptedfromanovelbyJaneAusten依據(jù)簡·奧斯汀的一部小說改編的新電影[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空①Thegoodthingaboutchildrenisthattheyadaptveryeasilytonewenvironments.②Iholdthefirmbeliefthatshewilldealwiththechangesverywell,becausesheisveryadaptable(adapt)．③Mike,MaryandIhadadiscussionabouttheadaptation(adapt)oftheclassicliteratureyesterday.[實力提升]——完成句子/句式升級①一般表達：Theculturemade_it_difficult_for_him_to_adapt_to_(使得他很難適應(yīng))thenewenvironmentabroad.②高級表達：It_was_the_culture_that_made_it_difficult_for_him_to_adapt_to_the_new_environment_abroad.(強調(diào)句)3．unless除非(1)unless是連詞，相當(dāng)于ifnot,意為“除非，假如不”，引導(dǎo)的是一個條件狀語從句。(2)unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來意義，主句多用一般將來時。(3)在unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中，假如主句、從句的主語一樣，且從句中有be動詞，可省略從句中的主語和be動詞。[金句推送]You'llfailtheexamunlessyoustudyhard.除非你努力學(xué)習(xí)，否則你考試會不及格。unlessfullycoveredinthickclothes除非全身穿著厚衣服unlessotherwisespecified除非另有說明[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空①(2024·江蘇卷)Unless_youcansleepwell,youwilllosetheabilitytofocus,planandstaymotivatedafteroneortwonights.②Allthephotographsinthebook,unlessstated(state)otherwise,datefromthe1950s.[實力提升]——完成句子/句式升級除非被邀請，否則我不會參與明天舉辦的聚會。①一般表達：Iwon'tattendthepartytobeheldtomorrowunless_I'm_invited.②高級表達：Iwon'tattendthepartytobeheldtomorrowunless_invited.(省略句)4．concernedadj.關(guān)切的；擔(dān)憂的；有關(guān)的(1)beconcernedabout/for關(guān)切；掛念beconcernedwith/in與……有關(guān)；參與；牽涉asfaras...beconcerned就……而言(2)concernn．&v.關(guān)切；擔(dān)憂show/expressconcernabout/for對……表示關(guān)切/擔(dān)憂(3)concerningprep.關(guān)于parents'concernfortheirchildren父母對子女的關(guān)愛expressconcernabout/over/fortherisingunemployment對不斷上升的失業(yè)率表示擔(dān)憂feel/beconcernedabouthersafety對她的平安感到擔(dān)憂thejobconcernedwithcomputer與計算機有關(guān)的工作allindividualsconcerned全部相關(guān)人員[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空①(2024·全國卷Ⅱ)Itdoespointoutthatmanyparentsstilllimitelectronicreading,mainlyduetoconcernsabout/forincreasedscreentime.②Concerned(concern)aboutthehealthofherson,Mrs.Jacksonwenttotheschooltovisithimeveryweek.③Iamwritingtoseeifitispossibleforyoutoprovidemewithinformationconcerning(concern)thewayoflearningEnglish.④Asweallknow,parentsfocustheirattentionontheirchildren'sstudy,becauseitisconcernedwiththeirfuture.[實力提升]——詞匯升級一般表達：Inmyopinion,youcanhaveabetterunderstandingoftheSpringFestivalthroughtheactivities.高級表達：_As_far_as_I_am_concerned，youcanhaveabetterunderstandingoftheSpringFestivalthroughtheactivities.1．Carryingadequatebatteries,however,wouldmaketheplanetooheavytogetofftheground.但是，攜帶足夠電池，會使飛機過重而無法飛離地面。[句型公式]句中too...todosth.意為“太……而不能做某事”，是一個表示否定意義的句型?！皌oo...to...”不同搭配下的不同含義：(1)某些形容詞與“too...to...”句型連用時，too(＝very)表示確定的意義。這些形容詞多為表示情感的詞，如glad，pleased，surprised，delighted，happy，easy，willing，ready，eager，anxious等。(2)當(dāng)在too前加上only,but,all,simply，quite或just時，“too...to”結(jié)構(gòu)表示確定意義，此時too帶有贊許的感情色調(diào)。(3)“too...to...”結(jié)構(gòu)和never,not等否定副詞連用時，表示確定意義，意為“無論……也不過分；越……越好”。[金句推送]Heisstilltooyoungtoknowthehardshipoflife.他年齡太小，還不懂得生活的艱辛。[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空①(2024·北京卷)Studentsshouldhaveaproperattitudetowardscollegebeforethinkingaboutwhichcollegetoattend,andit'snevertooearlyto_make(make)necessarypreparationsforahealthyandmeaningfulcollegeexperience.②Youcan'tbetoocarefultodoyourhomework.③Youcanneverbecarefulenoughto_deal(deal)withtheproblem.[實力提升]——一句多譯瑪麗學(xué)習(xí)太專注了，以至于沒有聽到外面的嘈雜聲。①Marywastoo_absorbed_in_her_study_to_hearthenoiseoutside.(too...to...)②Marywasso_absorbed_in_her_study_that_she_couldn't_hearthenoiseoutside.(so...that...)2．DesignerJenniferAndersonadmitsittookherawhiletocomearoundtotheopinionthatusingnutriafurforhercreationsismorallyacceptable.設(shè)計師JenniferAnderson承認，她過了一段時間才接受了這個觀點：運用海貍鼠皮來創(chuàng)作在道義上是可以接受的。[句型公式]Ittakes(sb.)sometimetodosth.意為“(某人)花費時間做某事”，it在句中為形式主語，后面的不定式短語todosth.是句子的真正主語。此外，take還表示“須要”。(1)sb.spendsometimeonsth./(in)doingsth.某人花費多少時間做某事(2)sb.spendsomemoneyonsth./(in)doingsth.某人花多少錢買某物/做某事(3)sb.paysb.somemoneyforsth.某人為某事/物付給某人多少錢[金句推送](2024·天津卷)Ittookhimalongtimetoacquiretheskillsheneededtobecomeagooddancer.他花了很長時間才獲得成為一名好的舞蹈家所須要的技能。[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空①(2024·全國卷Ⅲ)Ittookafewyouthfulanddaringbusinessmento_get(get)theballrolling.②(2024·浙江卷)Amonthbeforetheevent,Ispenthoursworking(work)outascheduleoutliningmygoalsandpracticalsteps.③Thewatchwasverygood,andhepaid20percentdownforit.[實力提升]——一句多譯公園很擁擠，因此我們花了一段時間才找到一個合適的場地。①Theparkwasverycrowded,soittook_us_some_time_to_findanavailablesite.(take)②Theparkwasverycrowded,sowespent_some_time_(in)_findinganavailablesite.(spend)夯基固本·學(xué)問落實Ⅰ.用所給詞的正確形式填空1．Theprogramcountsthenumberofoccurrences(occurrence)ofanyword，withinthetext.2．Ihave_spent(spend)100dollarsonbookssofar.3．Thetestrecordstheelectrical(electricity)activityofthebrain.4．Successfulbusinessesarehighlyadaptable(adapt)toeconomicchange.5．Thesebuildingsarepartofournational(native)heritage.Ⅱ.在空白處填入一個適當(dāng)?shù)脑~1．Thesuccessofthesystemisnotindoubt.2．He'signorantaboutmoderntechnology.3．Itisnevertoolatetoreformulateyourgoals.4．Don'thesitatetoaskifyouhaveanyqueriesorconcernsabouthealthcare.5．Hecouldn'tcomeupwithananswer.強技提能·學(xué)問應(yīng)用Ⅰ.閱讀七選五(2024·重慶八中等3月檢測)Whenitcomestogreenbuildings，wetendtothinkofnewones—thekindofhigh-tech，solar-paneledmasterpiecesthatmakethecoversofarchitecturemagazines.1Theyarethewitnessofthecountry.Anditwouldbeincrediblywastefultotearthemalldownandreplacethemwithgreenerversions.2What'smore，itwouldtakeanaverageof65yearsforthereducedcarbonemissionsfromanewenergy-efficienthometomakeupfortheresourceslostbydestroyinganoldone.3ButthereisanunavoidablefactthatnearlyhalfofU．S.carbonemissionscomefromheating，coolingandpoweringthoseagedhouses.“Yourcan'tdealwithclimatechangewithoutdealingwithexistingbuildings，”saysRichardMoe，thepresidentoftheNationalTrust.Withsomeexceptions，theoldesthomestendtobetheleastenergy-efficient.4Housesbuiltbefore1939useabout50%moreenergypersquarefootthanthosebuiltafter2000.5HistoriconeslikeLincoln'sCottagecanbetransformedthroughefficiencyupgrades.Theycannotonlyhelpprotectpropertyownersfromrisingpowercosts；theycansavetheearth.A．Buthowtochangetheirconditions?B．ButtheU．S.hasmorethan100millionexistinghomes.C．Someeffectivemeasuresshouldbetakenbythegovernment.D．Sosomepeoplesaythatthegreenestwayistomaintainoldones.E．Fortunately，somerelativelysimplechangescangreenolderhomes.F．Vastenergyandresourceswentintotheconstructionofthosehouses.G．Themaincauseisthecracksthatexpandovertimeandletoutsideairin.【語篇解讀】本文為說明文。美國現(xiàn)有超過1億套住房，大量的能源和資源被用于建立這些房屋，而重建一個節(jié)能的新居子所削減的碳排放平均須要65年才能彌補因破壞舊房子而損失的資源。文章分析了這些老房子不節(jié)能的緣由以及解決方案。1．B[過渡句。上文談到了綠色建筑，下文主要說明白美國住房存在的問題，由此可知，上下文內(nèi)容構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。下文中代詞They與B選項中“100millionexistinghomes”呼應(yīng)。]2．F[細微環(huán)節(jié)句。依據(jù)上文“Anditwouldbeincrediblywastefultotearthemalldownandreplacethemwithgreenerversions.”可知，假如把它們都拆了，換成更環(huán)保的房屋，那就太奢侈了。由此可知，本句是在說明這些現(xiàn)有的房屋投入了大量能源和資源，不應(yīng)當(dāng)干脆拆除它們換成更環(huán)保的房屋。這與F選項“大量的能源和資源被用于建立那些房屋”呼應(yīng)。]3．D[細微環(huán)節(jié)句。依據(jù)上文可知，一個節(jié)能的新居子所削減的碳排放平均須要65年才能彌補因破壞舊房子而損失的資源。由此推斷有些人會認為最環(huán)保的方法就是修理這些舊的房子。]4．G[過渡句。上文提到除了一些例外，最古老的房子往往是最不節(jié)能的。由此推斷本句應(yīng)當(dāng)承接上文說明老房子不節(jié)能的緣由。這與G選項“主要緣由是隨著時間的推移，裂縫會擴大，會讓外面的空氣進來”一樣。]5．E[過渡句。下文提到像林肯小屋這樣的歷史建筑可以通過提高能效來改造。由此可知，本段是在說明改造這些舊房子的方案，即通過一些變更來讓這些老房子變得更加環(huán)保節(jié)能，這與E選項“幸運的是，一些相對簡潔的變更就可以綠化老房子”一樣。]Ⅱ.語法填空DietshavechangedinChina—andsotoohasitstopcrop.Since2011，thecountry1.________(grow)morecornthanrice.Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentover2.________past25years,whilericehasincreasedonly7percent.Atasteformeatis3.________(actual)behindthechange：Animportantpartofitscornisusedtofeedchickens，pigs，andcattle.Anotherreasonforcorn'srise：Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice4.________(improve)waterquality.Cornuseslesswater5.________riceandcreateslessfertilizer(化肥)run-off.Thisswitchhasdecreased6.________(pollute)inthecountry'smajorlakesandreservoirsandmadedrinkingwatersaferforpeople.AccordingtotheWorldBank，Chinaaccou