重慶市烏江新高考協(xié)作體高三下學期模擬檢測（一）英語試題

重慶烏江新高考協(xié)作體2024屆高考模擬監(jiān)測（一）英語試題（分數(shù)：150分，時間：120分鐘）第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內容結束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題：每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】Whatisthemangoingtodo?A.Holdaparty. B.Gotothebookstore. C.Celebratehisbirthday.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:There’sasalegoingon.Wouldyouliketogotothebookstorewithme?M:I’dliketo,butmyuncleisingtovisitusandI’vearrangedapartyforhim.He’llcelebratehisfiftiethbirthday.2.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】Whenwillthemancleanuphisroom?A.Injusthalfanhour. B.Afterseeingthemovie. C.Beforegoingtothecinema.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Youalwaysthrowyourclotheseverywhereandyourshoesarealloverthefloor.M:Sorry,butcanIcleanupmyroomafteringbackfromthecinema?Themoviewillbegininhalfanhour.W:Okay.3.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】Howdoesthemanusuallygettohispany?A.Bysubway. B.Bycar. C.Bybike.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Iknowyouusuallycycletowork.Howmuchtimedoyouspendgettingfromyourhometoyourpany?M:Aboutthirtyminutes.4.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】WhatwasthematterwithAlicetoday?A.Shedidbadlyinthemathtest.B.Sheforgottocheckherhomework.C.Shemademanymistakesinalltests.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Alice,youdidn’tdowellintoday’smathtest.Whatwasthematter?W:IwasinahurryandIdidn’tcheckmyanswers.M:Nowonderyoumadesomanymistakesthistime.5.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】Howmuchshouldthewomanpayintotal?A.$6. B.$18. C.$30.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Doyousellsportsshoessir?M:Yes,wedo.They’reonsaleateighteendollarsapair.Ifyoubuytwopairs,youcansavethreedollarsforeachpair.W:I’dliketogettwopairs.第二節(jié)（共15小題：每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P音頻，請去附件查看】6.WhatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenNeilandTim?A.Bossandsecretary. B.Husbandandwife. C.Driverandpassenger.7.WhenwillNeilandTimgettotheairporttomorrow?A.Atabout8:00am. B.Atabout9:00am. C.Atabout5:00pm.【答案】6.A7.B【解析】【原文】M:Goodmorning.ThisisTim.CanIspeaktoNeil?W:I’msorry.No,he’shavingabath.CanItakeamessage?M:Yes,pleasetellhimthatasusual,I’vearrangedhisschedulefortomorrow.I’vebookedtheeightamtaxiforflightseventhreezero.It’lltakeusaboutonehourtogettotheairportandcatchtheflightontime.We’llattendthemeetingatfivepm.W:Okay,I’lltellhimlater.M:Thanks.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P音頻，請去附件查看】8.Whydoesthegirlwantababybrother?A.Topleaseherdad.B.Toenjoybeingabigsister.C.Toraiseanimalstogetherwithhim.9.Whatdoesthegirlhopetodoatlast?A.Keepadog. B.Getacutecat. C.Lookafterherbrother.【答案】8.B9.A【解析】【原文】W:Dad,willIhaveababybrother?M:Sweetie,I’mnotsurenow.Youhavehadtwoelderbrothers.Whydoyouwantababybrother?W:Ithinkbeingabigsisterwillbesomuchfun.M:Yes,youcanshareyourfavoritetoyswithhimandyoucanhavefuntogether.W:Prettygood,butIthinkIshouldkeepapetandlearntosharefirst.M:Maybewecangetananimallikeadogoracat.W:Yea,thatsoundswonderful.Icansharemytoyswithacutedog.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P音頻，請去附件查看】10.Whatdoesthemanthinkofairtransportation?A.Itsinsuranceisalwaysexpensive.B.It’sthesafestwaytosendgoods.C.It’sthefastestwayoftransportation.11.Whatwillthemanremendtosendveryheavymachines?A.Airtransportation. B.Seatransportation. C.Roadtransportation.12.Whichisthefeatureofrailwaytransportationaccordingtotheman?A.Itiseconomical. B.Itisveryflexible. C.Itbringsmuchpollution【答案】10.C11.B12.A【解析】【原文】W:Howdoyouremendyourclientstosendtheirgoodsoverseas?M:Well,itdependsonsomefactors.Forexample,ifspeedisimportant,weoftenremendairtransportation.W:Butthat’sveryexpensiveisn’tit?M:Sure,butit’sfasterthananymeansoftransportation,andit’sbettertopaymorethantobelate.Sometimestheinsuranceforairtransportationischeaperthanseatransportation.W:So,haveyoueverremendedshippinggoodsbysea?M:Yes,ifaclienthaslargequantitiesofgoodsorveryheavymachines,it’stheonlyanswer.Butit’smuchslower,andportfeesanddelayscanmakeitasexpensiveasairtransportation.W:Whataboutgoodsthataretransportednationally?Doyouremendatruckorrail?M:Usuallyatruck,becauseit’smoreflexible.Oneproblemwithroadtransportationisthepollutionfactor,andthisiswhererailhasadefiniteadvantage.Railwaytransportationsavesmoretime,money,andlabor.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】13.HowwasJane’striptotheWestCoast?A.Wonderful. B.Terrible. C.Tiring.14.WhatwasJaneunsatisfiedwithinLosAngeles?A.Theweather. B.Thebignoise. C.Thebusservice.15.WhatwastheweatherlikeonJane’stripinSanFrancisco?A.Warm. B.Cool. C.Cold.16.WhatattractedJanemostinSanFrancisco?A.Itssmallsize. B.Itslargestreets. C.Itsbeautifulscenery.【答案】13.A14.C15.B16.C【解析】【原文】M:Hi,Jane,weleback.Howwasthewestcoast?W:Fantastic.Ihadagoodtime.Itwasreallynicetogetawayfromthecityforawhile.M:WhatdidyouthinkofLosAngeles?W:Quitegood.It’sverycleanandlargeandithasalotoftrees.However,theproblemisthebusserviceandit’salittledifficulttogetaroundbybus.Finally,wehadtorentacar.M:Thatmustbeexpensive.Andwastheweathergood?W:Oh,yes,itwasniceandwarminLosAngeleswhileitwascoolbutfortableinSanFrancisco.M:Icouldn’tbelieveitwascoolinSanFrancisco.W:Itsurprisedmeabittoo.Wedidn’ttakeanysweatersandpeoplesayit’salwayslikethatinAugust.Anyway,Ilovedit.It’sprobablythemostbeautifulcityintheUS.Allthosecharmingmountains,riversandforestsimpressedmemost.M:So,doyoulikeitbetterthanLosAngeles?W:Ohyes,there’smuchmoretoseeanddoinSanFrancisco.Andbecauseit’ssmallerthanLosAngeles,it’sabiteasiertogetaround.Therearelotsofbusesandstreetcars.聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P音頻，請去附件查看】17.Whatwasthewritingsubjectaboutlastyear?A.Abedroom. B.Aplace. C.Food.18.Whocantakepartinthewritingpetition?A.Teenagers. B.Middleagedpeople. C.Oldpeople.19.Whatwillthewinnersget?A.500dollars. B.Freeticketstoazoo. C.Theclub’smagazines.20.Whatisthedeadlinefortheentry?A.The4thnextmonth. B.The14thnextmonth. C.The25thnextmonth.【答案】17.C18.A19.B20.B【解析】【原文】W:Wearethemembersinthecultureclub.Welovewritingverymuchandwewantyoungpeopletoloveittoo.That’swhy,onceagain,wearegoingtoholdawritingpetition.Lastyear,weaskedparticipantstowriteabouttheirfavoritefoodintheBritishcountryside.Thisyear,thesubjectisdifferent.WewantyoutowriteaboutyourfavoriteplaceinBritain.Itcanbeabeach,aforest,apark,oramountain,butitmustbeoutdoors.Youcan’twriteaboutyourbedroom,soifyou’rebetweenthirteenandnineteenyearsold,startwriting.Lastyearyouhadtowritea500wordposition,butwehavedecidedtochangeitthisyear.Thistime,you’llonlywriteapositionbetweentwohundredandfourhundredwords.Thebestoneswillappearinourclubmagazine.ThewinnerswillalsogetfreefamilyticketstotheLondonZoo.Ifyouwanttoenter,pleasesendyourentrytoNo.25BlackStreet.Yourentrymustarrivebeforethefourteenthnextmonth.Wearelookingforwardtoreadingyourentries.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題：每小題1.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AIntoday’sclassroom,homeworkispletednotonlywiththepenandpaper,butalsowithputersandcellphones.Howtomakethebestuseofsuchdigitalproductsisanimportantquestionforteachersandstudents.Thefollowingtopdigitalportfolioplatforms(作品集平臺)offerabroadrangeoffunctions.Mostimportantly,theyprovideawaytosharestudents’workwithpride.GoogleSitesCreatingadigitalportfoliocouldnotbeanyeasierthanGoogleSitesmakesit.Itletsstudentsquicklyputincontents,suchastext,images,videos,maps,andmuchmore.Useoneoftheprovidedsixthemesorcreateacustomone,andthenpublishitasapublicorrestrictedview(限制瀏覽的)site.SeesawforSchoolsDesignedforeducation,SeesawforSchoolsprovidesaplatformthroughwhichstudentspleteandshareschoolprojects.Byrecordingtheprocessofgraduallyimprovingtheirschoolwork,kidsgainasenseofmasteryandpride,soitispopularamongthem.Plus,parentscanbeinvolvedtoo—justdownloadtheSeesawFamilyapp.ArtsoniaArtsoniaislikeadreametrueforartmindedstudents:afree,safe,educationalspacethroughwhichstudentsshowtheirdigitalcreativity.Friendsandfamilycanview,mentonandbuyobjects.Thesitealsoprovidesapleteteachers’guide.JustcelebratetheartisticskillswithArtsonia!EdublogsOneoftheoldestandbestknownwebplatformsforeducation,EdublogsmakesiteasyforteachersandstudentstostartbuildingafreeWordPressplatform.Thefreeplanoffers1GBofstoragespace,classmanagementtools,andnoadvertising.AsetofeducatorguidesandmunityparticipationisanotherbigplusforEdublogs.21.WhatisspecialaboutGoogleSites?A.Itletsstudentslearnfromothers’work.B.Itiscontrolledbyeducatorsforsafety.C.Itoffersstudentsonlinepublishingrightsforfree.D.Itallowsstudentstocreatecontentsindifferentforms.22WhyisSeesawforSchoolspopularamongkids?A.Ithelpschecktheirschoolwork.B.Itcantracktheirprogress.C.Itrequiresteamworkwithparents.D.Itprotectstheirpersonalinformationwell.23.WhatdoArtsoniaandEdublogshaveinmon?A.Theyofferprofessionaladvice.B.Theyrequiresupportfromteachersandparents.C.Theyremindstudentstohandinhomeworkontime.D.Theycanstorelargeamountsofinformation.【答案】21.D22.B23.A【解析】【導語】本文為應用文。文章主要介紹了可以分享學生作業(yè)的幾個數(shù)字投資組合平臺。【21題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)GoogleSites部分中的“Itletsstudentsquicklyputincontents,suchastext,images,videos,maps,andmuchmore.(它允許學生快速輸入內容，比如文本、圖像、視頻、地圖等等。)”可知，GoogleSites允許學生創(chuàng)建不同形式的內容。故選D。【22題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)SeesawforSchools部分中的“Designedforeducation,SeesawforSchoolsprovidesaplatformthroughwhichstudentspleteandshareschoolprojects.Byrecordingtheprocessofgraduallyimprovingtheirschoolwork,kidsgainasenseofmasteryandpride,soitispopularamongthem.(SeesawforSchools專為教育設計，為學生提供了一個完成和分享學校項目的平臺。通過記錄他們逐漸改進作業(yè)的過程，孩子們獲得了一種掌控感和自豪感，所以在他們中很受歡迎)”可知，SeesawforSchools可以跟蹤他們的進度，所以受孩子們的歡迎。故選B?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Artsonia部分中的“Thesitealsoprovidesapleteteachers’guide.JustcelebratetheartisticskillswithArtsonia!(網(wǎng)站還提供了一個完整的教師指南。用藝術的技巧來慶祝吧!)”以及Edublogs部分中的“AsetofeducatorguidesandmunityparticipationisanotherbigplusforEdublogs.(一套教育工作者指南和社區(qū)參與是Edublogs的另一大優(yōu)勢)”可知，Artsonia和Edublogs的共同之處是他們提供專業(yè)建議。故選A。BTheCarterCentersaidrecentlythatonly13humancasesofGuineawormdiseasewerereportedworldwidelastyear.Thatisamajordropfrom3.5millioncasesofinfectedpeoplein1986,inwhichyeartheAtlantabasedCarterCenterjoinedtheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)inthefightagainstGuineawormdisease.ThecentersaidtheremaininginfectionoccurredinfourcountriesinsubSaharanAfrica.SixhumancaseswerereportedinChad,fiveinSouthSudan,oneinEthiopiaandoneintheCentralAfricanRepublic.AndtheCentralAfricanRepubliccaseremainsunderinvestigation.GuineawormdiseaseisadiseasethataffectspoormunitiesindistantpartsofAfricaandAsiawherepeopledonothavesafewatertodrink.Peoplewhodrinkuncleanwatercangetparasites(寄生蟲)thatcangrowupto1meter.Thewormgrowsinpeopleforuptoayearbeforepainfullyingout,oftenthroughthefeetorothersensitivepartsofthebody.TheWHOsaysthereisneitheradrugtreatmentforGuineawormdiseasenoravaccinetopreventit.Butitcanbepreventedbytrainingpeopletofilter(過濾)anddrinkcleanwater.Guineawormdiseasecouldbethesecondhumandiseasetobeendedaftersmallpox,accordingtotheCarterCenter.AdamWeiss,adirectorofaprogramtofightagainstthedisease,saysthateradicatingthediseasefinallycouldbedifficult,forthepopulationswhereGuineawormdiseasestillexistsoftenfaceinsecurity,includingconflict,whichcanpreventworkersandvolunteersfromgoinghousetohousetooffersupport.Weisswarns,“Ifsupportforthesemunitiesslowsorstops,there’snoquestionthatyou’regoingtoseeasuddenincreaseinGuineaworm.”However,headds,“We’recontinuingtomakeprogress—evenifitisnotasfastasweallwantittobe,thatprogresscontinues.”24.WhatdoweknowaboutGuineawormdiseasefromthetext?A.It’sstillabigproblemworldwide. B.Itwasfirstfoundintheyear1986.C.Ithasbeenwellcontrolledinthepastyears. D.Itonceexistedinmostcountriesworldwide.25.WhatwillhappenafteroneisinfectedwithGuineawormdisease?A.Hecanbeingreatpainwithinafewdays. B.Hewillendupbeingverysensitive.C.Hewillmainlysufferstomachaches. D.Hemaysufferalotintheend.26.HowcanGuineawormdiseasebebesthandled?A.Byhavingavaccinetopreventit. B.Byensuringdrinkingwaterisclean.C.Byreceivingagooddrugtreatment. D.Byavoidinggettingintouncleanwater.27.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“eradicating”inParagraph4mean?A.pletelyending. B.Carefullystudying.C.Exactlyknowing. D.Suddenlychanging.【答案】24.C25.D26.B27.A【解析】【導語】這是一篇新聞報道。文章主要說明了卡特中心最近表示，去年全球僅報告了13例麥地那龍線蟲病病例，與1986年的350萬感染病例相比，這是一個很大的下降。文章介紹了這種疾病的一些背景信息?！?4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Thatisamajordropfrom3.5millioncasesofinfectedpeoplein1986,inwhichyeartheAtlantabasedCarterCenterjoinedtheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)inthefightagainstGuineawormdisease.(與1986年的350萬感染病例相比，這是一個很大的下降。1986年，總部位于亞特蘭大的卡特中心與世界衛(wèi)生組織（WHO）一起抗擊麥地那龍線蟲病)”可知，在過去這些年里，這種疾病被控制得很好。故選C?！?5題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Thewormgrowsinpeopleforuptoayearbeforepainfullyingout,oftenthroughthefeetorothersensitivepartsofthebody.(這種蠕蟲在人體內生長長達一年，然后痛苦地出來，通常通過腳或身體的其他敏感部位)”可知，這種疾病最后會讓人很痛苦。故選D。【26題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Butitcanbepreventedbytrainingpeopletofilter(過濾)anddrinkcleanwater.(但它可以通過訓練人們過濾和飲用干凈的水來預防)”可知，最好的解決辦法是保證飲用水干凈。故選B?！?7題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞后文“thediseasefinallycouldbedifficult,forthepopulationswhereGuineawormdiseasestillexistsoftenfaceinsecurity,includingconflict,whichcanpreventworkersandvolunteersfromgoinghousetohousetooffersupport”可知，因為麥地那龍線蟲病仍然存在的人群經(jīng)常面臨不安全，包括沖突，這可能會阻止工作人員和志愿者挨家挨戶地提供支持，說明“徹底根除”這種疾病不容易。故劃線詞意思是“徹底結束”。故選A。CThosewhohadthepleasureofwatchingBennyGoodmanatworksawaratherordinarylookingmaninrimlessglassesandaconservativebusinesssuit;buttheyalsosawahumanbeingwhocouldplaytheclarinet(單簧管)likenoonebeforeorsince.ThismadeBennyGoodmanauniqueindividual.OtherAmericanswhohavestoodoutfromtheflockincludeJoeDiMaggio,BeverlySill,ErnestHemingwayandJonasSalk.They,likeBennyGoodman,wererecognizedandhonoredfornootherreasonthanexcellence.Itisdoingsomethingbetterthanotherpeoplethatmakesusunique.Yetasurprisingnumberofpeoplestillseeindividualityasasurfacething.Theyweargarishclothes,dyetheirhairstrangecolorsanddecoratetheirskinwithtattoostomakesomekindofsocialstatement.Butanordinaryguywhohasdyedhishairpurpleororangeisnothingmorethanthesamepersonwithafunnylookinghead.Thewholepurposeofindividualityisexcellence.Thosewhoinvent,whoimprovise(即興發(fā)揮),whoknowmoreaboutasubjectthanotherpeopledo,andwhotakesomethingthatdoesn’tworkandmakeitwork––thesepeoplearetheverysoulofcapitalism.CharlesKetteringdidn’tliketheideaofcrankingacartomakeitstart,soheinventedtheelectricstarter.HenryFordfiguredouttheassemblylinetechniqueandmadeitpossibletomassproduceautomobiles,andElishaOtis,inventoroftheelevator,indirectlycreatedthecityskyline.Thesepeopleunderstoodthatindividualismmeansworkingatthetopofone’scapacity.Theoneswiththepurplehairandthefunkyjewelryarejustalongfortheride,tryingtobe“different”andnotknowinghowtogoaboutit.ThestudentwhoearnsstraightA’sonhisreportcardhasgraspedtheideaandhasfoundtherealmeaningofindividuality.Sohastheyoungsterwhohasdesignedhisownspaceship,whogivespianorecitals,whopaintspicturesoftheworldaroundhim.BennyGoodmanunderstoodittoo.Thisiswhyhewasathisbest,blowinghisclarinet,inabluesuitandblackshoes.28.TheauthormentionstheappearanceofBennyGoodmanto_________.A.showwhatatalentedmusicianshouldlooklikeB.introduceanimportantfigureinthemusicalworldC.contrastwithhistalentinmusicperformanceD.indicatethathecan’tstandoutfromtheflock29.Theauthorwouldmostprobablyagreethat_________.A.anindividualisttendstoseekdifferencebothincharacterandappearanceB.theessenceofindividualismliesinpursuingexcellencetothefullC.beingdifferentinappearanceistheveryfirststeptobeingindividualD.thosewhostrivetowintherecognitionofothersarerealindividualists30.Accordingtothepassage,whichindividual’sactionsmaynottrulyembodytheessenceofindividualism?AAscientistwhoconductsresearchsolelyadvancingknowledgeforthegreatergoodratherthanforpersonalrecognition.B.Asocialmediainfluencerwhoconformstopopularopinionstomaintainalargefollowing.C.Anartistwhocreatesuniqueworksbutfailtogainfameandrecognitionfromothers.D.Anentrepreneurwhoprioritizesethicalconsiderationsoverprofitinhisbusinesspractices.31.Forthemainthread,thearticleisorganizedbywayof__________.A.specifictogeneral B.causeandeffectC.examplesandconclusion D.parisonandcontrast【答案】28.C29.B30.B31.D【解析】【導語】本文為一篇說明文。文章介紹了什么是個人主義，個人主義有什么特點?！?8題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“ThosewhohadthepleasureofwatchingBennyGoodmanatworksawaratherordinarylookingmaninrimlessglassesandaconservativebusinesssuit;buttheyalsosawahumanbeingwhocouldplaytheclarinet(單簧管)likenoonebeforeorsince.ThismadeBennyGoodmanauniqueindividual.(那些有幸觀看本尼·古德曼工作的人看到的是一個相當普通的人，戴著無框眼鏡，穿著保守的西裝;但他們也看到了一個能演奏單簧管的人，在這之前和之后都沒有人能做到。這使本尼·古德曼成為一個獨特的個體。)”可知，作者提到本尼·古德曼的外表與他在音樂表演方面的天賦形成對比。故選C?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Thewholepurposeofindividualityisexcellence.Thosewhoinvent,whoimprovise(即興發(fā)揮),whoknowmoreaboutasubjectthanotherpeopledo,andwhotakesomethingthatdoesn’tworkandmakeitwork—thesepeoplearetheverysoulofcapitalism.(個性的全部目的就是追求卓越。那些發(fā)明創(chuàng)造，即興發(fā)揮，比別人更了解一個主題，并采取無效的東西，并使其發(fā)揮作用的人這些人是資本主義的靈魂。)”可知，作者可能同意個人主義的本質在于追求卓越。故選B。【30題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段“CharlesKetteringdidn’tliketheideaofcrankingacartomakeitstart,soheinventedtheelectricstarter.HenryFordfiguredouttheassemblylinetechniqueandmadeitpossibletomassproduceautomobiles,andElishaOtis,inventoroftheelevator,indirectlycreatedthecityskyline.Thesepeopleunderstoodthatindividualismmeansworkingatthetopofone’scapacity.(查爾斯·凱特林不喜歡用曲棍發(fā)動汽車，所以他發(fā)明了電動啟動器。亨利·福特發(fā)明了裝配線技術，使大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)汽車成為可能，而電梯的發(fā)明者伊萊沙·奧蒂斯間接地創(chuàng)造了城市的天際線。這些人明白，個人主義意味著盡自己最大的努力工作。)”可知，一個符合大眾觀點保持大量追隨者的社交媒體影響者不能真正體現(xiàn)個人主義的本質。故選B。【31題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“ThosewhohadthepleasureofwatchingBennyGoodmanatworksawaratherordinarylookingmaninrimlessglassesandaconservativebusinesssuit;buttheyalsosawahumanbeingwhocouldplaytheclarinet(單簧管)likenoonebeforeorsince.ThismadeBennyGoodmanauniqueindividual.(那些有幸觀看本尼·古德曼工作人看到的是一個相當普通的人，戴著無框眼鏡，穿著保守的西裝;但他們也看到了一個能演奏單簧管的人，在這之前和之后都沒有人能做到。這使本尼·古德曼成為一個獨特的個體。)”和第三段“Itisdoingsomethingbetterthanotherpeoplethatmakesusunique.Yetasurprisingnumberofpeoplestillseeindividualityasasurfacething.Theyweargarishclothes,dyetheirhairstrangecolorsanddecoratetheirskinwithtattoostomakesomekindofsocialstatement.Butanordinaryguywhohasdyedhishairpurpleororangeisnothingmorethanthesamepersonwithafunnylookinghead.(比別人做得更好讓我們與眾不同。然而，令人驚訝的是，仍有相當多的人認為個性只是表面現(xiàn)象。他們穿著花哨的衣服，把頭發(fā)染成奇怪的顏色，用紋身裝飾自己的皮膚，以表達某種社會聲明。但是一個把頭發(fā)染成紫色或橙色的普通人只不過是一個長著滑稽腦袋的人。)”可知，本文主要采用比較和對比的方式進行組織。故選D。DHowmanybossescouldrelyontheiremployeesthreateningtoquitinmassiftheywereabruptlyforcedout?SamAltmanreceivedsuchashowofsupportfrommorethan700staffafterhewasfiredfromOpenAIthathewasswiftlyrestoredtohispositionbytheboard.Butthislevelofloyaltyisnottypicalandmaynotalwaysbeagoodthing.Managementexpertssaystaffwhoareloyaltotheiremployerareinclinedtoinvestmoretimeandeffortintheirjobs,helpingtocreateanengagedandhigherperformingworkplace.Inturntheyreceivepromotionsandpayrises.Theyhaveagreatersenseofbelongingandpotentiallyalongercareeratthesameorganisation.Butitisnotallrosy.Peoplewhoaretooloyalaremorelikelytotakeactionsthataredeemedwrongtokeeptheirjobsandprotecttheiremployer,accordingtoa2021academicpaper.Theymightoverlookwrongdoingandbelesslikelytoexposecorruption.Loyaltyissometimesseenassuchaforceforgoodthatitcanbeusedtojustifybadbehavior.Oftenpaniesandseniorbossesaretherealwinneraofemployeeloyalty.ResearchledbyMatthewStanleyatDukeUniversity’sFuquaSchoolofBusinesspublishedthisyear,foundthatmanagersweremorelikelytoexploitloyalindividuals.Stanleyrecruitedalmost1,400managerstoreadaboutafictional29yearoldemployeecalledJohn,whoworkedforapanythatwastryingtokeepcostsdown.TheyhadtodecidehowwillingtheywouldbetoaskJohntoworklongerhoursandtakeonmoreworkwithoutmorepay.ResearcherscreatedvarioussituationsincludinglabellingJohnasloyalversusothertraitssuchashonestandfair.ManagersweremorewillingtoaskloyalJohntotakeontheburdenofunpaidwork.However,ConsultancyGallup’slateststateoftheworkplacereportshowedthathalfofthe122,416employeeswhotookpartinaglobalsurveywerelookingoutfornewwork.“Youcan’tguaranteeanyonewillstickaroundthesedays,”saysaconsultantwhoadvisesboards.Thisisparticularlytrueofyoungergenerations.Theytrusttheirbosseslessandarenotaspatientwhenitestocareerprogression,seeinglittlebenefitinkeepingtheirheadsdownandfollowingordersiftheydonotseeresultsquickly.32.WhatdoestheauthorwanttosaybymentioningSamAltmaninParagraph1?A.OpenAI’sstaffloyaltyisquitehigh.B.Staffloyalty’srosysideinthework.C.SamAltmancouldcountonhisemployees.D.Thislevelofloyaltyisnotalwaysgood.33.HowdidMatthewStanleyconducthisresearch!A.ThroughglobalsurveysconcerningafictionalemployeenamedJohn.B.BycreatingdifferentsituationstoaskJohntatakeonmoreunpaidwork.C.ByaskingmanagerstomakedecisionsaboutworkarrangementsofJohn.D.Byrecruitingmanagerstoreadfictionaboutworktraitslikeloyalandhonest.34.Whatcanyoulearnfromthepassage?A.Loyaltycanbeusedbymanagementtoexploitemployees.B.Youngergenerationsaremorepatienttowardstheiremployers.C.Employeeswhoareloyalaremorelikelytoreportwrongdoing.D.Loyaltytoanemployeralwaysleadstoapositiveworkenvironment.35.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.HowJobLoyaltyAffectstheWorkEnvironment?B.WhyStaffLoyaltyisNotAlwaysaGoodThing?C.AreLoyalEmployeesMoreLikelytobePromoted?D.DoesWorkLoyaltyHelpCareerProgressMoreQuickly?【答案】32.B33.C34.A35.B【解析】【導語】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要針對員工忠誠度的問題，通過引用實例、研究數(shù)據(jù)和報告，分析了員工忠誠度的利弊，以及它對雇主和員工自身的影響。【32題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Howmanybossescouldrelyontheiremployeesthreateningtoquitinmassiftheywereabruptlyforcedout?SamAltmanreceivedsuchashowofsupportfrommorethan700staffafterhewasfiredfromOpenAIthathewasswiftlyrestoredtohispositionbytheboard.Butthislevelofloyaltyisnottypicalandmaynotalwaysbeagoodthing.(有多少老板能相信，如果他們突然被迫離職，他們的員工會威脅集體辭職？SamAltman在被OpenAI解雇后，得到了700多名員工的支持，董事會迅速恢復了他的職位。但這種程度的忠誠并不典型，可能并不總是一件好事。)”可知，SamAltman在被OpenAI解雇后，得到了700多名員工的支持，董事會迅速恢復了他的職位。由此可知，作者在第一段提到SamAltman是為了說明員工忠誠在工作中的好的一面。故選B?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Stanleyrecruitedalmost1,400managerstoreadaboutafictional29yearoldemployeecalledJohn,whoworkedforapanythatwastryingtokeepcostsdown.TheyhadtodecidehowwillingtheywouldbetoaskJohntoworklongerhoursandtakeonmoreworkwithoutmorepay.ResearcherscreatedvarioussituationsincludinglabellingJohnasloyalversusothertraitssuchashonestandfair.ManagersweremorewillingtoaskloyalJohntotakeontheburdenofunpaidwork.(Stanley招募了近1400名經(jīng)理來閱讀一個虛構的29歲員工John的故事，他在一家試圖降低成本的公司工作。他們必須決定他們是否愿意讓John工作更長時間，承擔更多的工作而沒有更多的報酬。研究人員創(chuàng)造了不同的情境，包括給John貼上忠誠和誠實、公平等其他特質的標簽。經(jīng)理們更愿意讓忠誠的John承擔無償工作的負擔。)”可知，Stanley招募了近1400名經(jīng)理來閱讀一個虛構的29歲員工John的故事，從而決定他們是否愿意讓John工作更長時間，承擔更多的工作而沒有更多的報酬。故選C。【34題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“ResearcherscreatedvarioussituationsincludinglabellingJohnasloyalversusothertraitssuchashonestandfair.ManagersweremorewillingtoaskloyalJohntotakeontheburdenofunpaidwork.(研究人員創(chuàng)造了不同的情境，包括給John貼上忠誠和誠實、公平等其他特質的標簽。經(jīng)理們更愿意讓忠誠的John承擔無償工作的負擔。)”可推斷，管理者可能會利用員工的忠誠度，讓他們承擔更多的工作，甚至可能是無償?shù)墓ぷ?，即管理層可以利用忠誠度來剝削員工。故選A?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Butthislevelofloyaltyisnottypicalandmaynotalwaysbeagoodthing.(但這種程度的忠誠并不典型，可能并不總是一件好事。)”、第二段“Managementexpertssaystaffwhoareloyaltotheiremployerareinclinedtoinvestmoretimeandeffortintheirjobs,helpingtocreateanengagedandhigherperformingworkplace.Inturntheyreceivepronotionsandpayrises.Theyhaveagreatersenseofbelongingandpotentiallyalongercareeratthesameorganisation.Butitisnotallrosy.Peoplewhoaretooloyalaremorelikelytotakeactionsthataredeemedwrongtokeeptheirjobsandprotecttheiremployer,accordingtoa2021academicpaper.(管理專家表示，對雇主忠誠的員工傾向于在工作上投入更多的時間和精力，這有助于創(chuàng)造一個敬業(yè)、高效的工作場所。反過來，他們也會得到好處和加薪。他們有更大的歸屬感，可能在同一家公司有更長的職業(yè)生涯。但也不全是美好的。根據(jù)2021年的一篇學術論文，過于忠誠的人更有可能采取被認為是錯誤的行動來保住工作和保護雇主。)”以及全文內容可知，在這篇文章中，作者主要討論了員工忠誠度對雇主和員工自身的利弊影響，特別是強調了忠誠度并不總是好事，有時可能導致不良行為或對員工造成不公平的負擔。選項B“WhyStaffLoyaltyisNotAlwaysaGoodThing?(為什么員工的忠誠并不總是一件好事？)”最能夠概括文章的主要觀點，即員工忠誠度并不總是積極的，有時也可能帶來負面影響。故選B。第二節(jié)（共5小題：每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Forthesakeofsurvivingintheworldwit