專題05不定式動(dòng)名詞分詞高頻考點(diǎn)（原題版）-2024年中考英語真題題源解密

專題05不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞非謂語動(dòng)詞首先是一種動(dòng)詞形式，其次是這種動(dòng)詞形式不能做謂語。非謂語動(dòng)詞包含四種形式，即不定式、動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞。非謂語動(dòng)詞一直是英語學(xué)習(xí)的難點(diǎn)，也是中考的?？键c(diǎn)，主要為動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞，在單項(xiàng)填空、詞形填空題型中均有涉及。本專題目的在于歸納一些高頻考題及梳理一些解題技巧，以幫助同學(xué)們高效復(fù)習(xí)。考點(diǎn)考向考法/命題角度不定式非謂語動(dòng)詞基本用法，及非謂語一般形式；主要考點(diǎn)為動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞，分詞少有涉及。需使用不定式做賓語的動(dòng)詞；省去to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞；不定式做表語。動(dòng)名詞一些常接動(dòng)名詞做賓語的動(dòng)詞及句型分詞現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞做表語區(qū)別動(dòng)詞不定式1.作表語；2.信號(hào)詞：wish,hope,dream,work,task,duty,ambition,etc.etc.1.Mywishistobeeateacher.2.ThefirstthingIwanttodoistovisitmygrandfather.作定語(后置)I

have

nothing

___________

(send)

you.Wemustnevermissthechance_______(show)loveforourparents.1.Ihavenothingtosayaboutthatthing.2.Sorry,Ican’tgowithyou;Ihavealotofclothestowash.3.Chinaisthethirdcountrytosenditsastronautsintothespace.作賓語及賓補(bǔ)want/promise/manage/plan/expectdecide/choose/refuse/pretendtodosth.make/let/havesb.dosth.(注：被動(dòng)帶to)ask/tell/order/enable/allow/encouragesb.todosth.warnsb.nottodosth.wouldliketodo5.hadbetter(not)do1.Alicewantedtogetanothercupofcoffee.2.Hetoldmetobehereontime.3.Ourparentsoftentellusnottoswimaloneintheriverinsummer.4.Pauldoesn'thavetobemadetolearn_.Healwaysworkshard.5.

You’d

better

_________(try)

this

medicine.

作狀語

不定式常在句子里作目的、原因和結(jié)果狀語如：inorderto;soastoHeransofastastocatchthefirstbus.（目的狀語）He

searched

the

room

only

to

find

nothing.（結(jié)果狀語）I'mgladtoseeyou.（原因狀語）動(dòng)詞不定式與疑問詞連用(1)Hedoesn’tknowhowtousethemachine.

(不定式作賓語)(2)Howtousethemachineisaquestion.(不定式作主語)(3)Thequestioniswhentogothere.(不定式作表語)(4).Themenuhassomanygoodthings!Ican’tdecidewhichtoeat.不定式的特殊句型：1.句型：too…to…：太…而不能…2.句型：be+adj+enough+todosth.足以做…3.句型：It's+adj.+forsbtodosth4.句型：Whynot+動(dòng)詞原形"表達(dá)向某人提出建議，翻譯為："為什么不……?"5.句型：soas(not)todo:表示目的6.不定式的否定形式，如:warnsbnottodo/neverto/inordernotto/soasnotto等7..比較：usedtodo/beusedtodoing8..比較：Ittakes…todo/sbspends…doingHeistooexcitedtospeak.Thechildisoldenoughtogotoschooll.Whynottakeaholiday?Goinquietlysoasnottowakethebaby.1.The

box

is

too

heavy

for

me____it.

A.carrying

B.carries

C.carry

D.to

carry2.We

are

often

told_____at

people

in

trouble.

A.not

to

smile

B.to

smile

C.not

to

laugh

D.to

laugh3.YesterdaymorningIgotupearly________belatefortheexam.inordertoB.inordertonotC.soasnottoD.soasto動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞做賓語1.信號(hào)詞：enjoy,keep,mind,finish,practice/practise;deny;imagine;risk;consider;admit;forgive,avoid;escape;2.詞組：giveup/begoodat/dowellin/can'thelp/keepon/feellike/beusedto/referto/payattentionto/devoteoneselfto/getusedto/lookforwardto/succeedin/beworth3.howabout/whatabout+doing4.preferdoing….todoing/prefertodo....ratherthando5.介詞后面+doing6.固定搭配：goshopping/godancing/goswimming1.MaryandIenjoyplayingbadminton.2.It'sabitcold.Wouldyoumindmyclosingallthewindows?3.The

new

term

is

ing.

They

are

busy

cleaning

the

classrooms4.—Mum,

I’m

hungry.

—What

about

_____(go)

to

McDonald’seatingfried

chicken?5.Knives

are

used

for

_________(cut)

things.

動(dòng)名詞做主語及表語Walkingisgoodexercise.走路是很好的運(yùn)動(dòng)Myfavoritesportisswimming.我最喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)是游泳現(xiàn)在分詞感官動(dòng)詞+sb.+doingsee,hear,find,smell,watch,find,listento,lookat,notice,observeIheardsomeoneknockingatthedoor.Isawhimdancinginthehallyesterday.TherewefoundhimwatchingTV.?考向一動(dòng)詞不定式高頻易混易錯(cuò)梳理/歸納動(dòng)詞不定式的特殊句型:①too…to…“太……而不能……”。如：Theboyistooyoungtolookafterhimself.那個(gè)男孩太小而不能照顧自己。②…enoughto…“……足夠……”。如：Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.他足夠大能去上學(xué)了。③Whydon’tyou+省略to的不定式？=Whynot+省略to的不定式？為什么不……呢？如：Whydon'tyougetheraphotoalbum?=Whynotgetheraphotoalbum?為什么不給她買個(gè)相冊呢？④hadbetter+（not）+省略to的不定式。最好（不要）做……如：You'dbetternotstayheretoday.你今天最好別待在這兒。⑤Willyouplease+省略to的不定式?你愿意……嗎？如：Willyoupleaseclosethedoor?能請你把門關(guān)上嗎？⑥prefertodosth.ratherthandosth.“寧愿做某事而不愿做某事”如：Iprefertodomoreworkratherthandonothingathome.我寧愿做更多的工作也不愿在家無所事事。⑦Itis+adj.+for/ofsb.+todo.“做某事是……的”如：Itisnecessaryforustobrushourteethtwiceaday.一天刷兩次牙對(duì)我們是有必要的。It+be+形容詞+不定式It’shardtosaywhichoneisbetter.很難說哪一個(gè)更好。It+be+名詞+不定式Itwasgreatfuntohaveapicnicthere.在那里野餐很有意思。It+動(dòng)詞+名詞/副詞+不定式Ittookme2hourstofinishmyhomework.完成作業(yè)花了我兩個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間。1．（2022·上海·統(tǒng)考中考真題）TheInternetenablesfarmers_______fruitsandvegetablesacrossthecountry.A．sell B．selling C．tosell D．sold2．（2021·上?！そy(tǒng)考中考真題）Themanageraskedhissecretary________thereportbeforeFriday.A．finish B．finishes C．finishing D．tofinish3．（2020·上?！そy(tǒng)考中考真題）Doctorstellus________ourhandsbeforeandaftereverymeal．A．wash B．washed C．washing D．towash4．（2019·上海·中考真題）Thehosttoldajokeatthepartyandmadetheguestsalot.A．laugh B．laughing C．tolaugh D．laughed5．（2018·上?！ぶ锌颊骖}）Mr.Zhouisgoodatcookingandhehasdecided______hisownrestaurant.A．open B．opened C．toopen D．opening6．（2017上·八年級(jí)課時(shí)練習(xí)）Ican'ttellyouwhatshesaid.I'vepromised________itasecret.A．keep B．tokeep C．keeping D．kept7．（2017·上?！ぶ锌颊骖}）Vivianrefuses___________herchildrentotheweekendtrainingcentreforextraclasses.A．tosend B．sending C．sent D．sends8．（2014·上海·中考真題）Harryhasdecided

__________anonlineshopaftergraduatingfromschool.A．open B．toopenC．opened D．opening9．（2012·上?！ぶ锌颊骖}）Don’tjumptoaconclusion!Let’s__theproblemfirst.A．todiscuss B．discuss C．discussed D．discussing10．（2015·上?！ぶ锌颊骖}）Myfriendinvitedme______theartclub,andIaccepteditwithpleasure.A．join B．tojoin C．joined D．joining11．（2013·上海·中考真題）EvenTony’sgranddaughter，afiveyearoldgirl，askedhim__________smoking．A．giveup B．gaveup C．togiveup D．givingup12．（2022·上?！そy(tǒng)考中考真題）Thejournalisthopedtothebraveactofthefireman.（reporter）13．（2021·上海·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Somerainforestsarelikelytoifwedon’ttakeactiontoprotectthem.(appear)?考向二動(dòng)名詞高頻易混易錯(cuò)梳理/歸納常跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞有：enjoy喜歡；

mind介意；

finish

完成；keep持續(xù)；

suggest建議；

practice練習(xí)；consider考慮；

miss錯(cuò)過；imagine想象；avoid避免；

can’thelp忍不住；goon繼續(xù)；beworth值得；

bebusy忙于

giveup放棄；succeedin成功，設(shè)法；lookforwardto期待；beusedto習(xí)慣于；endup以……結(jié)束putoff推遲；payattentionto注意；beinterestedin對(duì)……感興趣注意：含有介詞to的固定短語：make(a)contribution(s)to為……做貢獻(xiàn)devoteoneselfto獻(xiàn)身，致力于……lookforwardto期待，盼望preferto比起……更喜歡……beusedto習(xí)慣……，適應(yīng)……payattentionto注意某些動(dòng)詞后接不定式和動(dòng)名詞的區(qū)別1.forgetdoingsth.忘記做過某事forgettodosth.忘記要做某事（未做）Iforgettobringmyhomework.我忘記帶作業(yè)了。Iforgetbringingmyhomework.我忘記已把作業(yè)帶來了。2.rememberdoingsth.記得做過某事remembertodosth.記得去做某事（未做）Pleaseremembertopostmyletter.請記得把我的信寄走。Irememberpostingyourletter.我記得把你的信寄出去了。3.trydoingsth.嘗試做某事trytodosth.盡力做某事Pleasetrytodobetternexttime.下次請?jiān)O(shè)法做得更好些。HetriedspeakinginEnglish.他試著用英語講。4.hear/seesb.doingsth.聽見/看見某人正在做某事hear/seesb.dosth.聽見/看見某人做了某事Ioftenseehimplayfootball我經(jīng)常看見他踢球IsawhimplayingfootballwentIpassed當(dāng)我經(jīng)過的時(shí)候，我看見他正在踢球5.Stoptodosth停下去做某事Stopdoingsth停止做某事Stoptothinkaboutitforamoment.停下來想一下這件事。Stoptalking,please.請不要說話。6.Meantodosth打算做某事Meandoingsth意味著Imeantogo,butmyfatherwouldnotallowmeto.我想去,但我父親不肯讓我去。Doingthatmeanswastingtime.做那件事意味著浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。1．（2017上?！そy(tǒng)考中考真題）Aftershefinished________thestory,Alicewroteareviewforherschoolnewspaper.A．read B．reads C．toread D．reading2．（2022·上?！そy(tǒng)考中考真題）Theyoungplayerspendsfourhours_______volleyballeveryday.A．practise B．practising C．topractise D．practised3．（2021·上?！そy(tǒng)考中考真題）Michaelandhisfriendspractise________tabletennisafterschooleveryday.A．play B．played C．playing D．toplay4．（2020·上海·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Theengineerswillkeep________theprojectwiththemanagerofthepany．A．discuss B．discussed C．discussing D．todiscuss5．（2019·上?！ぶ锌颊骖}）WouldyoumindcareofmypetfishwhileI'mawayonholiday?A．take B．taken C．totake D．taking6．（2012·上?！ぶ锌颊骖}）Stop______aboutthetraffic.Justthinkaboutwhatwecandotoimproveit.A．plaining B．toplain C．plain D．plained7．（2018·上海·中考真題）Suepractices______theviolinhardandoftengiveswonderfulperformances.A．play B．played C．toplay D．playing8．（2017·上?！ぶ锌颊骖}）（2017﹒上海）Theworkersarebusywindowstothenewbuildingthesedays.A．fix B．fixed C．fixing D．tofix9．（2015·上?！ぶ锌颊骖}）Martinwassobusy______theoldthathegaveuphisparttimejob.A．helping B．helped C．tohelp D．help10．（2013·上海·中考真題）Theretiredcoupleenjoy_____photos.TheyalwaysgooutwiththeircamerasA．take B．tookC．totake D．taking11．（2014·上?！ぶ锌颊骖}）Iwouldn’tmind______aroommate.Wecanhelpeachotherandsavemoneyaswell.A．having B．tohaveC．have D．had?考向三分詞高頻易混易錯(cuò)梳理/歸納現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別1.在語態(tài)上,現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)意義,過去分詞表示被動(dòng)意義。thesurprisingnews令人驚訝的消息asurprisedman一個(gè)感到驚訝的人amovingfilm一部感人的電影themovedpeople被感動(dòng)的人們2.在時(shí)間上,現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,過去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。thedevelopingcountry發(fā)展中國家thedevelopedcountry發(fā)達(dá)國家therisingsun正在升起的太陽therisensun升起來的太陽易混句式havesb.dosth.,havesb.doingsth.和havesth.done的區(qū)別1.havesb.dosth.意為“讓某人做某事”,have可以用let,make代替。不定式往往表示一次性的具體動(dòng)作,且強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成或尚未發(fā)生。Thesoldiershadtheboystandwithhisbacktohisfather.士兵們讓這個(gè)男孩背對(duì)他的父親站著。2.havesb.doingsth.表示“使某人作出某種反應(yīng)”或“勸說/命令某人做某事”;用于否定句時(shí)表示“允許/容忍某人做某事”。Withinminuteshehadthewholeaudiencelaughingandclapping.短短幾分鐘內(nèi)他就令全體觀眾歡笑、鼓掌。3.havesth.done意為“讓某事被別人做”,即asksb.elsetodosth.,過去分詞(done)所表示的動(dòng)作由他人(非主語本身)來完成。Thedriverhadhiscarwashedonceaweek.這個(gè)司機(jī)一周讓人洗一次車。1．（2011·上?！ぶ锌颊骖}）Asweallknow,it’snotpolitetokeepothers_________foralongtime.A．wait B．waited C．towait D．waiting2．（2023·上海長寧·統(tǒng)考二模）I’msorryIhavekeptyou________forsuchalongtime.Thetrafficwasterrible.A．waiting B．wait C．waited D．towait3．（2023·上海奉賢·統(tǒng)考一模）WhenIwaswalkingonthestreet,Isawadrone(無人機(jī))________overmyhead.A．flies B．flying C．flew D．fly4．（2022·上海徐匯·統(tǒng)考二模）WhenIwalkedpastthemusicroom,Iheardsomeone________thepianoinit.A．toplay B．played C．playing D．play5．（2022·上海浦東新·統(tǒng)考一模）IsawTom________footballwithhisclassmatesatthreethisafternoon.A．plays B．played C．playing D．toplay6．（2019上·上海虹口·九年級(jí)上外附中校考周測）—Wedidn’tfindTom________thelecture.—Noonehadtoldhimabout________alecturethefollowingday.A．toattend;theretobe B．a(chǎn)ttending;therebeingC．a(chǎn)ttended;therebe D．a(chǎn)ttend;therewas7．（2019上·上海虹口·九年級(jí)上外附中?？贾軠y）Whentheclerksawakindoffacewrinkledinanapologeticsmile,shestood________totheground,________whethertostayorleave.A．rooted;wondering B．toberooted;wonderC．rooting;towonder D．toroot;wondered8．（2019上·上海虹口·九年級(jí)上外附中校考周測）Thetrafficrulesaysthatyoungchildrenundertheageoffourand________lessthan40poundsmustbeinachildsafetyseat.A．beingweighed B．toweigh C．weighed D．weighing9．（2020上·上海浦東新·九年級(jí)?？茧A段練習(xí)）Onmywayhome,Ialwaysnoticesomechildren________aroundinthegarden.A．ran B．torun C．running D．runs10．（2019上·上?！ぞ拍昙?jí)上海市民辦新竹園中學(xué)?？茧A段練習(xí)）Atthattimesomeboys________basketballontheplayground.A．wereseenplaying B．wereseentoplay C．sawtoplay D．sawandplayed11．（2019·上海虹口·九年級(jí)校考期中）Thebookhe_______onthetableisstill_______there.A．lay,lying B．laid,laying C．lied,lying D．laid,lying12．（2022上·上海寶山·九年級(jí)統(tǒng)考開學(xué)考試）Therearealtogethersome200peopleinourvillage,theoldpeopleandchildren_________.A．including B．included C．a(chǎn)reincluded D．a(chǎn)reincluding命題點(diǎn)一：非謂語動(dòng)詞基本用法1．（2023上·上海靜安·九年級(jí)?？计谥校㏄arentsoftenexpecttheirchildren________allthethingsthattheycouldn’tdointhepast.A．todo B．doing C．did D．do2．（2023上·上海徐匯·九年級(jí)位育中學(xué)?？计谥校㎏eepingpets________usknowalotabouthowtocareforothers.A．helps B．help C．helping D．helped3．（2023上·上海徐匯·九年級(jí)位育中學(xué)校考期中）I’mseeingapatient.Wouldyoumind________outsideforamoment?A．wait B．waiting C．towait D．haswaited4．（2023上·上海楊浦·九年級(jí)統(tǒng)考期中）Ourskiingcoachwarnedus________straightdownthehill.A．notgo B．notgoing C．nottogo D．don’tgo5．（2023上·上海浦東新·九年級(jí)校聯(lián)考期中）YesterdayIgotupearly________belateforthelecturemadebyawellknownprofessor.A．inorderto B．soasnotto C．inordertonot D．sothat6．（2023上·上海浦東新·九年級(jí)校聯(lián)考期中）Peterconsiders________apetdogsothathewon’tfeellonelyathome.A．keep B．keeping C．keeps D．tokeep7．（2023上·上海黃浦·九年級(jí)統(tǒng)考期中）Jennydenied________anythingaboutthemissingpurseyesterdayafternoon.A．know B．toknow C．knowing D．knew8．（2023上·上海浦東新·九年級(jí)上海市實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)校?？计谥校㏒usanfinallybecameapopularsingeraftershepracticed________foryears.A．sing B．tosing C．singing D．sang9．（2023上·上海浦東新·九年級(jí)上海市實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)校?？计谥校㊣willspendasmuchtimeasIcan_________thelesson.A．goover B．togoover C．goingover D．goneover10．（2023上·上海浦東新·九年級(jí)統(tǒng)考期中）Manypeople________inShanghaiafterspendingseveralyearshere.A．usedtolive B．usedtolivingC．a(chǎn)reusedtolive D．a(chǎn)reusedtoliving11．（2023上·上海浦東新·九年級(jí)統(tǒng)考期中）Tomtoldajokeinclassandmadeallofus_______alot.A．laugh B．tolaugh C．laughing D．laughed12．（2017下·八年級(jí)課時(shí)練習(xí)）Aftershefinished________thestory,Alicewroteareviewforherschoolnewspaper.A．read B．reads C．toread D．reading13．（2021下·上海浦東新·八年級(jí)上海市進(jìn)才中學(xué)北校校考期末）Onlinecoursesenablestudents________attheirpace.A．learn B．learning C．tolearn D．tolearning14．（2022上·廣東湛江·九年級(jí)統(tǒng)考階段練習(xí)）________mypronunciation,Ireadaloudeverymorning.A．Practice B．Practicing C．Topractice D．Practiced15．（2022下·九年級(jí)單元測試）Moreandmoreparentsexpecttheirchildren________onputersless.A．depend B．todepend C．depending D．depends16．（2019·上海徐匯·統(tǒng)考三模）Themonitorsuggested________anoutingafterthemiddletermexamattheweekend.A．toorganize B．organized C．organizing D．organize17．（2023上·上海嘉定·九年級(jí)?？计谀㊣nmyopinion,oneofthebestwaystoloseweightis________regularly.A．exercise B．toexercise C．exercised D．exercises18．（2023上·上海嘉定·九年級(jí)?？计谀〢liceispracticing________inthemusicroombecauseshewillgiveaperformanceattheSchoolArtFestival.A．singing B．sang C．tosing D．sings19．（2023上·上海嘉定·九年級(jí)校考期末）IfIcan’tfinish________thereport,Iwon’tgotothecinemawithyoutomorrow.A．type B．typed C．totype D．typing20．（2023上·上海徐匯·九年級(jí)校聯(lián)考期末）Pansydenied______anarticleaboutdetectivesontheputerlastweek.A．write B．towrite C．writing D．towriting命題點(diǎn)二：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞與詞性轉(zhuǎn)換21．（2023上·上海浦東新·九年級(jí)?？计谥校㏕hemagicianSimoncanmakethecoininhishandinaminute.(appear)22．（2023上·上海浦東新·九年級(jí)校聯(lián)考期中）“Ourjobistocustomerswell,pleasekeepitinmind”Themanagersaid.(service)23．（2023上·上海浦東新·九年級(jí)統(tǒng)考期中）Thegovernmentisplanningtomorejobsfortheyoung.(creative)24．（2023上·上海浦東新·九年級(jí)上海市實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)校?？计谥校〥on’talwaystrytoothers.It’sbadmanners.（foolish）25．（2021上·上海黃浦·九年級(jí)統(tǒng)考期中）Ifyourneighborsaretoonoisythenyouhavethereasonfor.(plaint)26．（2023上·上海徐匯·九年級(jí)校聯(lián)考期末）OurChineseteacheroftensaysit’sgoodforustomoreChinesepoems.(memory)27．（2023·上海嘉定·統(tǒng)考二模）Lookattheinformationboard,andfindtherightwa