大學(xué)英語提高班1（2023-2024-1）學(xué)習(xí)通超星期末考試答案章節(jié)答案2024年

大學(xué)英語提高班1（2023-2024-1）學(xué)習(xí)通超星期末考試章節(jié)答案2024年中譯英1.大橋?qū)⒅茀^(qū)域一體化，促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長。大橋是中國發(fā)展自己的大灣區(qū)總體規(guī)劃的關(guān)鍵。中國希望將大灣區(qū)建成在技術(shù)創(chuàng)新和經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮上能與紐約、東京的灣區(qū)相媲美的地區(qū)。2.一項又一項的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，食物和一些慢性病之間有密切關(guān)系。例如，某些慢性病(chronicdiseases)危險的降低與多吃以植物為基本成分的食物有關(guān)。因此，在過去的十年中，美國飲食協(xié)會(AmericanDieteticAssociation）敦促美國人減少動物脂肪的攝取(intake)，增加水果、蔬菜和谷物的消費。

答案:Thisbridgewillboostregionalintegrationandeconomicgrowth.ItisthekeytoChina'soverallplanforthedevelopmentoftheGreatBayArea.ChinahopestomakeitcomparabletothoseofNewYorkandTokyointermsoftechnologicalinnovationandeconomicprosperity.;Studyafterstudyhasuncoveredthefactthatthereisaclosecorrelationbetweenfoodandanumberofchronicdiseases.Forexample,adecreasedriskofcertainchronicdiseasesisassociatedwithanincreasedconsumptionofplant-basedfoods.Therefore,inthepastdecade,theAmericanDieteticAssociationhasurgedAmericanstoreducetheirintakeofanimalfats,andtoboostconsumptionoffruits,vegetables,andgrains.16.Mr.Lewisregretsthathewon’tbeabletoattendthelectureowingtoaprevious_________.A.fragment

B.investment

C.engagement

D.experiment17.Inthemidstofloudapplause,thecandidate_______totheplatformandbegantodeliverhiswell-rehearsedspeech.A.stride

B.strike

C.strode

D.token18.------“You’renotfondofwork,areyou?”saidthefather.

------“No.I_________you,”repliedthesmartyetlazyboy.A.takeafter

B.lookafter

C.takeup

D.takedown

19.Infact,manyrecentdevelopmentshaveservedto__________

thegapbetweenNorthandSouth.A.magnify

B.warmth

C.widen

D.spread20.Shedidnothingintheofficebutreadnewspapers,digestingevery_____ofnews.

A.random

B.foresee

C.fragment

D.prominent

答案:C;C;A;C;C11.Thechiefexecutive___________Mr.Smithforputtingforthsomenewideasthathelpedraiseproductivityandcutcosts.A.commanded

B.commented

C.contacted

D.commended12.AfterBretsufferedseverebraindamageintheearlymorning,hespenttheentireweekendunderclose__________inhospital.A.examination

B.investigation

C.observation

D.consideration13.Attheendofeightmonths,itwasalmostwithreluctancethatIleftthesefriendsand_________insects.A.turnto

B.turnup

C.turnout

D.turnon14.------ShouldIaskmybossforapromotion?------Nothing_________,nothinggained.A.vended

B.ventured

C.wondered

D.chased15.AlbertEinsteinsaid,“Onlytwothingsare________:theuniverseandhumanstupidity;andI’mnotsureabouttheformer.”A.infinite

B.chronic

C.destructive

D.infectious

答案:D;C;A;B;A6.Many_______foodsaremadewithsaturatedfats,largeamountofsodiumandsugar.A.process

B.proceeded

C.processing

D.processed7.Disposeofthatnuclearwasteproperlyoritwill_______thegroundwater.A.polluted

B.contaminate

C.recommend

D.containment8.Wehavereallygotto_____thisbook______bytheendoftheyear.A.get......over

B.get......away

C.get......in

D.get......out9.Theinterestsofthecountry_______tonone.A.devote

B.refer

C.comesecond

D.bow10.Museumswillpaylargeamountsofmoneyforgooddinosaurfossil_______.A.specimens

B.species

C.spacemen

D.sample

答案:D;B;D;C;A1.Wemustdosomethingabout__________ournaturalresources.A.preserving

B.present

C.reserve

D.protect2.Wewantthegovernmenttotakeactionto__________theeconomy.

A.lift

B.boost

C.heighten

D.enhance3.Lackofchickenfeedmeansthatchickenfarmshaveto__________theirstock.A.slaughter

B.saturate

C.modernize

D.breed4.Lossof__________canbearesultofminorinfectionsorhealthconditionssuchascoughs,fever,orindigestion.A.appetite

B.appeal

C.apologize

D.apposite

5.Canyoutellthedifferencebetween__________andpoisonousmushroom?A.ideal

B.audible

C.edible

D.stable

答案:A;B;A;A;CA)

display

B)

cottage

C)

entrance

D)surprisingE)

building

F)through

G)informedH)spellI)overJ)oceanK)mindL)satisfactoryM)joylessN)consumeO)luggageImademywaydownPacificAvenue,oneofVirginiaBeach’smaindrags,andarrivedattheBeachSpaBed&Breakfast,whereownerDannySantos

(1)

methatIwouldbetheonlyguestthatevening.Theconverted1937beach

(2)

hadjustemptiedoutafterabusy

(3)

,andSanto’swife,Debble,toldmethenextmorningthatshedidn’t

(4)

thelull.Aftera

(5)

amountoftimefloppedonmybed,IrailedfordinneratAmmos,aGreekrestaurant.Thedinningroomwasjustasquietastherestoftheresortarea,nottotally

(6)

sinceitwastheMondayafterThanksgiving.Givenmychoiceoftables,Isettledintooneinfrontofthewindowswitha(n)

(7)

view.Carsslowlyrolledontheboardwalk,

(8)

theinkydarknessandpastthecity’sannualholidaylight

(9)

.AndonceI’dpolishedmygyro,itwasmyturntotakeinthefullextentofthefestive32-blockextravaganza.Oratleastitwouldbeeventually,Ispentawaytoomuchtimeconfusedbysignagetodisplay’s

(10)

,butmygrumpinessdissipatedwhenIsawheartilypeoplecheerfullywavingmeonwithwandsevenasrainfellharder.

答案:G;B;H;K;L;D;J;F;A;(10)CPartD

P.31ExerciseListentotherecordinganddecidewhetherthestatementsyouheararetrueorfalse.Write“T”fortrueand“F”forfalse.[音頻]1.______

TheincidentoftheterroristattacksonSeptember11suggeststhatmutualunderstandingbetweennationsisimportant.

2._______

MoneyisthebiggestbarriertotheUSstudentsstudyingabroad.

3.______

StudyinginanAmericanuniversitycostsonaverage$12,000ayear,includinglivingexpenses.4._____

ApplicationessaysarerequiredifyouwanttobeadmittedtosometopschoolsintheUS.

5._____

SinceSeptember11,thenumberofUSstudentsstudyingabroadhasdecreasedby11%.6.______

SomecompaniesplayapartinhelpingUSstudentsstudyabroad.

7.______

Overseasstudyisbeneficialinthatitmayenhanceone’scareerandoutlookonlife.

8.______

Thereisnodoubtthatthemostimportantbenefitofstudyingabroadisabetterunderstandingoftheworldaroundus.

答案:T;F;F;T;F;T;T;FPartC

P.29

ExerciseListentotherecordingandchoosethebestanswertoeachquestionyouhear.[音頻]1.[音頻]

a.Thelargenumberofforeignstudents.

b.BeingtheoldestuniversityintheUS.

c.Manyfamousscientistshavereceivedtrainingthere.

d.Itproducedmanyfamouspoliticians.2.[音頻]

a.Becausetheuniversitytuitionisveryhigh.

b.Becausethecompetitionforadmissionisveryfierce.

c.BecauseMIThasmanyinternationalstudents.

d.Becausetheratiooftheundergraduatesandgraduatesisn’tbalanced.3.[音頻]

a.Nearly400.

b.About180.

c.About300.

d.Closeto340.4.[音頻]

a.Intheuniversitynewspaper.

b.Onthewebsite—.

c.Onthewebsite—.

d.Intheuniversity’sadmissionsoffice.5.[音頻]

a.MITisoneoftheinternationallyprestigiousuniversities.

b.MITisfamousworldwidethoughithasashorthistory.

c.MIThasthelargestnumberofforeignstudentsintheUS.

d.MITwilladmitmorestudentsinthenearfuture.

答案:c;b;d;c;aPartB

P.27

Exercise1Listentotherecordingandchoosethebestanswertoeachquestionyouhear.[音頻]1.[音頻]a.Byplane.

b.Bytrain.c.Bytaxi.

d.Bytheabovethreemeansoftransport.2.[音頻]a.Acorrespondent.

b.Alawyer.c.Asecretary.

d.Adoctor.3.[音頻]a.LocalpeopleinSunderlandhaveaccentsowingtoScottishinfluences.b.It’seasytotravelinEngland.c.“Getinthequeue”hasadifferentmeaningfrom“getinline”.d.TherearesomeculturaldifferencesbetweentheUSandtheUK.4.[音頻]a.Theuniversityofferedtheprogramshewantedtotake.b.HerparentswantedhertostudyinSunderland.c.Herfatheroncestudiedthere.d.ShewasfascinatedbyBritishculture.5.[音頻]a.Shefeltexcitedtohaveachancetostudyabroad.b.Shewaseagerfortheclassestobegin.c.Shewasgladtobefullypreparedforthesemesterahead.d.Shethoughtshemighttakeatripawaybeforethesemesterbegan.

答案:d;a;c;a;bPassageTwoPhonics,whichinvolvessoundingoutwordssyllable(音節(jié))bysyllable,isthebestwaytoteachchildrentoread.Butinmanyclassrooms,thiscanbeadirtyword.Somuchsothatsometeachershavehadtosneakphonicsteachingmaterialsintotheclassroom.MostAmericanchildrenaretaughttoreadinawaythatstudyafterstudyhasfoundtobewrong.Theconsequencesofthisarestriking.LessthanhalfofallAmericanadultswereproficientreadersin2017.Americanfourthgradersrank15thontheProgressinInternationalLiteracyStudy,aninternationalexam.Americaisstuckinadebateaboutteachingchildrentoreadthathasbeengoingonfordecades.Someadvocateteachingsymbol-soundrelationships(thesoundkcanbespelledasc,k,ck,orch),knownasphonics.Otherssupportanimmersiveapproach(usingpicturesofacattolearnthewordcat),knownas"wholelanguage".Mostteacherstoday,almostthreeoutoffouraccordingtoasurveybytheEdWeekResearchCentrein2019,useamixcalled"balancedliteracy".Thiscombinationofmethodsisineffective."Youcan'tsprinkleinalittlephonics,"saysTenetteSmith,executivedirectorofelementaryeducationandreadingatMississippi'seducationdepartment."Ithastobesystematicandexplicitlytaught."Mississippi,oftenbehindinsocialpolicy,hassetanexamplehere.Inastateoncenotoriousforitslowreadingscores,theMississippistatelegislaturepassednewliteracystandardsin2013.SincethenMississippihasseenremarkablegains.Itsfourthgradershavemovedfrom49th(outof50states)to29thontheNationalAssessmentofEducationalProgress,anationwideexam.In2019itwastheonlystatetoimproveitsscores.Forthefirsttimesincemeasurementbegan,Mississippi'spupilsarenowaveragereaders,aremarkableachievementinsuchapoorstate.Mississippi'ssuccessisattributedtoimplementingreadingmethodssupportedbyabodyofresearchknownasthescienceofreading.In1997CongressrequestedtheNationalInstituteofChildHealthandHumanDevelopmentandtheDepartmentofEducationtoconveneaNationalReadingPaneltoendthe"readingwars"andsynthesizetheevidence.Thepanelfoundthatphonics,alongwithexplicitinstructioninphonemic(音位的)awareness,fluencyandcomprehension,workedbest.Yetovertwodecadeson,"balancedliteracy"isstillbeingtaughtinclassrooms.Butadvancesinstatisticsandbrainimaginghavedisprovedthewhole-languagemethod.Totheteacherwhoisaproficientreader,literacyseemslikeanaturalprocessthatrequireseducatedguessing,ratherthanthedeliberateprocessemphasizedbyphonics.Teacherscanimaginethattheylearnedtoreadthroughosmosis(潛移默化)whentheywerechildren.Withoutpropertraining,theybringthistoclassrooms.1.WhatdowelearnaboutphonicsinmanyAmericanclassrooms?A)Itisillreputed.

C)Itisarbitrarilyexcluded.B)Itismostlymisapplied.

D)Itismisrepresented.2.WhathasAmericabeenwitnessingfordecades?A)Anobsessionwithinnovatingteachingmethodologiesofreading.B)Anenduringdebateovertheapproachtoteachingchildrentoread.C)Anincreasingconcernwithmanychildren'sinadequacyinliteracy.D)Anever-forcefuladvocacyofacombinedmethodforteachingreading.3.WhydoesTenetteSmiththinkacombinationofteachingmethodsisineffective?A)Elementaryschoolchildrenwillbefrustratedwhentaughtwithseveralmethodscombined.B)Phonicshastobesystematicallyappliedandclearlytaughttoachievethedesiredeffect.C)Sprinklinginalittlephonicsdeterstheprogressofevenadequatelymotivatedchildren.D)Balancedliteracyfailstosustainchildren'sinterestindevelopingagoodreadinghabit.4.WhatdoestheauthorsayMississippi'ssuccessisattributedto?A)ConveningaNationalReadingPaneltosynthesizeresearchevidence.B)Placingsufficientemphasisuponbothfluencyandcomprehension.C)Adoptingscientificallygroundedapproachestoteachingreading.D)ObtainingsupportfromCongresstoupgradeteachingmethods.5.Whathaveadvancesinstatisticsandbrainimagingprovedineffective?A)Theteachingofsymbol-soundrelationships.

C)Effortstoendthereadingwars.B)Explicitinstructioninphonemicawareness.

D)Theimmersiveapproach.

答案:A;B;B;C;DPassageOneTechnologyisneveraneutraltoolforachievinghumanends.Technologicalinnovationsreshapepeopleastheyusetheseinnovationstocontroltheirenvironment.Artificialintelligence,forexample,isalteringhumanity.WhilethetermAIconjuresupanxietiesaboutkillerrobotsorcatastrophiclevelsofunemployment,thereareother,deeperimplications.AsAIincreasinglyshapesthehumanexperience,howdoesthischangewhatitmeanstobehuman?Centraltotheproblemisaperson'scapacitytomakechoices,particularlyjudgmentsthathavemoralimplications.Aristotlearguedthatthecapacityformakingpracticaljudgmentsdependsonregularlymakingthem—onhabitandpractice.Weseetheemergenceofmachinesassubstitutejudgesinavarietyofeverydaycontextsasapotentialthreattopeoplelearninghowtoeffectivelyexercisejudgmentthemselves.Intheworkplace,managersroutinelymakedecisionsaboutwhotohireorfireandwhichloantoapprove,tonameafew.Theseareareaswherealgorithmic(算法的)prescriptionisreplacinghumanjudgment,andsopeoplewhomighthavehadthechancetodeveloppracticaljudgmentintheseareasnolongerwill.Recommendationengines,whichareincreasinglyprevalentintermediariesinpeople'sconsumptionofculture,mayservetoconstrainchoiceandminimizeluck.Bypresentingconsumerswithalgorithmicallyselectedchoicesofwhattowatch,read,streamandvisitnext,companiesarereplacinghumantastewithmachinetaste.Inonesense,thisishelpful.Afterall,machinescansurveyawiderrangeofchoicesthananyindividualislikelytohavethetimeorenergytodoontheirown.Atthesametime,though,thisselectionisoptimizingforwhatpeoplearelikelytopreferbasedonwhatthey'vepreferredinthepast.Wethinkthereissomeriskthatpeople'soptionswillbeconstrainedbytheirpastinanewandunanticipatedway.Asmachinelearningalgorithmsimproveandastheytrainonmoreextensivedatasets,largerpartsofeverydaylifearelikelytobecomeutterlypredictable.Thepredictionsaregoingtogetbetterandbetter,andtheywillultimatelymakecommonexperiencesmoreefficientandpleasant.Algorithmscouldsoon—iftheydon'talready—haveabetterideaaboutwhichshowyou'dliketowatchnextandwhichjobcandidateyoushouldhirethanyoudo.Oneday,humansmayevenfindawayformachinestomakethesedecisionswithoutsomeofthebiasesthathumanstypicallydisplay.Buttotheextentthatunpredictabilityispartofhowpeopleunderstandthemselvesandpartofwhatpeoplelikeaboutthemselves,humanityisintheprocessoflosingsomethingsignificant.Astheybecomemoreandmorepredictable,thecreaturesinhabitingtheincreasinglyAI-mediatedworldwillbecomelessandlesslikeus.1.WhatdowelearnaboutthedeeperimplicationsofAI?A)Itiscausingcatastrophiclevelsofunemployment.

C)Itisalteringmoraljudgments.

B)Itisdoingphysicalharmtohumanoperators.

D)Itisreshapinghumanity.

2.Whatistheconsequenceofalgorithmicprescriptionreplacinghumanjudgment?A)Peoplelosethechancetocultivatetheabilitytomakepracticaljudgments.B)Peoplearepreventedfromparticipatinginmakingmajordecisionsintheworkplace.C)Managersnolongerhavethechancetodecidewhichloantoapprove.D)Managersdonotneedtotakethetroubletodeterminewhotohireorfire.3.Whatmayresultfromincreasingapplicationofrecommendationenginesinourconsumptionofculture?A)Consumerswillhavemuchlimitedchoice.

C)Itwillbeeasiertodecideonwhattoenjoy.B)Consumerswillactuallyenjoybetterluck.

D)Humanswilldeveloptastessimilartomachines'.4.Whatislikelytohappentolargerpartsofourdailylifeasmachinelearningalgorithmsimprove?A)Theywillturnouttobemorepleasant.

C)Theycanbecompletelyanticipated.B)Theywillrepeatourpastexperience.

D)Theymaybecomebetterandbetter.5.WhydoestheauthorsaythecreatureslivinginthemoreandmoreAI-mediatedworldwillbecomeincreasinglyunlikeus?A)Theywillhavelostthemostsignificanthumanelementofbeingintelligent.B)Theywillnolongerpossessthehumancharacteristicofbeingunpredictable.C)Theywillnotbeabletounderstandthemselvesaswecandotoday.D)Theywillbedeprivedofwhattheirpredecessorswereproudofaboutthemselves.

答案:D;A;A;C;BInthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphformwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.

答案:A、UniversitiesBranchOutAsneverbeforeintheirlonghistory,

universitieshavebecomeinstrumentsofnational

competitionaswellasinstrumentsofpeace.

Theyaretheplaceofthescientificdiscoveries

thatmoveeconomiesforward,

andtheprimarymeansofeducatingthetalentrequiredto

obtainandmaintaincompetitiveadvantage.

Butatthesametime,

theopeningofnational

borderstotheflowofgoods,

services,

informationandespeciallypeoplehasmade

universitiesapowerfulforceforglobalintegration,

mutualunderstandingandgeopolitical

stability.;C、Oftheforcesshapinghighereducation,noneismoresweepingthanthemovementacrossborders.Overthepastthreedecadesthenumberofstudentsleavinghomeeachyeartostudyabroadhasgrownatanannualrate,of3.9percent,from800,000in1975to2.5millionin2004.Mosttravelfromonedevelopednationtoanother,buttheflowfromdevelopingtodevelopedcountriesisgrowingrapidly.Thereverseflow,fromdevelopedtodevelopingcountries,isontherise,too.Todayforeignstudentsearn30percentofthedoctoraldegreesawardedintheUnitedStatesand38percentofthoseintheUnitedKingdom.Andthenumbercrossingbordersforundergraduatestudyisgrowingaswell,to8percentoftheundergraduatesatAmerica'sbestinstitutionsand10percentofallundergraduatesintheU.K.IntheUnitedStates,20percentofthenewlyhiredprofessorsinscienceandengineeringareforeign-born,andin-Chinamanynewlyhiredfacultymembersatthetopresearchuniversitiesreceivedtheirgraduateeducationabroad.;D、Universitiesarealsoencouragingstudentstospendsomeoftheirundergraduateyearsinanothercountry.InEurope,morethan140,000studentsparticipateintheErasmusprogrameachyear,takingcoursesforcreditinoneof2,200participatinginstitutionsacrossthecontinent.AndintheUnitedStates,institutionsarehelpingplacestudentsinsummerinternshipsabroadtopreparethemforglobalcareers.YaleandHarvardhaveledtheway,offeringeveryundergraduateatleastoneinternationalstudyorinternshipopportunity,andprovidingthefinancialresourcestomakeitpossible.;E、Globalizationisalsoreshapingthewayresearchisdone.Onenewtrendinvolvessourcingportionsofaresearchprogramtoanothercountry.YaleprofessorandHowardHughesMedicalInstituteinvestigatorTianXudirectsaresearchcenterfocusedonthegeneticsofhumandiseaseatShanghai’sFudanUniversity,incollaborationwithfacultycolleaguesfrombothschools.TheShanghaicenterhas95employeesandgraduatestudentsworkingina4,300-square-meterlaboratoryfacility.Yalefaculty,postdoctorsandgraduatestudentsvisitregularlyandattendvideoconferenceseminarswithscientistsfrombothcampuses.Thearrangementbenefitsbothcountries;Ox’sYalelabismoreproductive,thankstothelowercostsofconductingresearchinChina,andChinesegraduatestudents,postdoctorsandfacultygeton-the-jobtrainingfromaworld-classscientistandhisU.S.team.;F、Asaresultofitsstrengthinscience,theUnitedStateshasconsistentlyledtheworldinthecommercializationofmajornewtechnologies,fromthemainframecomputerandtheintegratedcircuitofthe1960stotheInternetinfrastructureandapplicationssoftwareofthe1990s.Thelinkbetweenuniversity-basedscienceandindustrialapplicationisoftenindirectbutsometimeshighlyvisible:SiliconValleywasintentionallycreatedbyStanfordUniversity,andRoute128outsideBostonhaslonghousedcompaniesspunofffromMITandHarvard.Aroundtheworld,governmentshaveencouragedcopyingofthismodel,perhapsmostsuccessfullyinCambridge,England,whereMicrosoftandscoresofotherleadingsoftwareandbiotechnologycompanieshavesetupshoparoundtheuniversity.;G、Forallitssuccess,theUnitedStatesremainsdeeplyhesitantaboutsustainingtheresearch-universitymodel.Mostpoliticiansrecognizethelinkbetweeninvestmentinscienceandnationaleconomicstrength,butsupportforresearchfundinghasbeenunsteady.ThebudgetoftheNationalInstitutesofHealthdoubledbetween1998and2003,buthasrisenmoreslowlythaninflationsincethen.Supportforthephysicalsciencesandengineeringbarelykeptpacewithinflationduringthatsameperiod.Theattempttomakeuplostgroundiswelcome,butthenationwouldbebetterservedbysteady,predictableincreasesinsciencefundingtherateoflong-termGDPgrowth,whichisontheorderofinflationplus3percentperyear.;H、Americanpoliticianshavegreatdifficultyrecognizingthatadmittingmoreforeignstudentscangreatlypromotethenationalinterestbyincreasinginternationalunderstanding.Adjustedforinflation,publicfundingforinternationalexchangesandforeign-languagestudyiswellbelowthelevelsof40yearsago.InthewakeofSeptember11,changesinthevisaprocesscausedadramaticdeclineinthenumberofforeignstudentsseekingadmissiontoU.S.universities,andacorrespondingsurgeinenrollmentsinAustralia,SingaporeandtheU.K.ObjectionsfromAmericanuniversityandbusinessleadersledtoimprovementsintheprocessandreversalofthedecline,buttheUnitedStatesisstillseenbymanyasunwelcomingtointernationalstudents.;I、MostAmericansrecognizethatuniversitiescontributetothenation’swell-beingthroughtheirscientificresearch,butmanyfearthatforeignstudentsthreatenAmericancompetitivenessbytakingtheirknowledgeandskillsbackhome.TheyfailtograspthatwelcomingforeignstudentstotheUnitedStateshastwoimportantpositiveeffects:first,theverybestofthemstayintheStatesand-likeimmigrantsthroughouthistory-strengthenthenation;andsecond,foreignstudentswhostudyintheUnitedStatesbecomeambassadorsformanyofitsmostcherishedvalueswhentheyreturnhome.Oratleasttheyunderstandthembetter.InAmericaaselsewhere,fewinstrumentsofforeignpolicyareaseffectiveinpromotingpeaceandstabilityaswelcominginternationaluniversitystudents.Findingourhistory:African-Americannames

答案:A、"Agoodname,"wroteSpanishauthorMiqueldeCervantes,“isbetterthanriches.”Mostofusneverfacethepossibilityofhavingsomethingsoprecioustakenfromus,buthowwouldyoufeelifitweretohappen?Itwouldleaveyouwithoutanidentity,and,perhapsevenworse,robyouofavitallinktoyourheritage(遺產(chǎn))andancestry.;B、Thismaysoundlikeawrittenoutlineofasciencefictionmovie,butitactuallyhappenedtothousandsofAfricanslaveswhowererippedfromtheirhomesandbroughttotheUnitedStatesseveralhundredyearsago,primarilyascheaplabortoworkthefieldsofslaveowners.Fortunately,theverybasicrighttobearnamesoftheirownchoosingthatreflectedtheirancestryandheritagewasrestoredtothesepeoplefollowingtheCivilWar.;C、TheslavesbroughttotheUSfromAfricahadtoendureanumberofviolentcrimesagainstthem,notdieleastofwhichwasbeingstrippedofthenamestheyweregivenintheirnativecountries.Thesenamesheldgreatimportance,astheywereoftenpresentedduringspecialceremoniesheldtocelebratethegivingofanewname.Thisforcedabandonmentofsomethingsopreciousdestroyedavitallinktotheircountriesoforiginandtookawayaheritagethatdatedbackmuchfurtherthanthatoftheirenslavers.;E、Thesenewslavenameswereoftenbasedonthepopularnamesofthetime,buttheywereusuallygivenintheirpetorshortenedforms.Iftherewasmorethanoneslavewiththesamenameinanygivengroup,theywereassignedvariousidentifierssuchas“l(fā)ittle”or“big”,soeachwouldknowwhowasbeingcalledfor.Typicalnamesfromthisperiodincluded:?BiblicalnameslikeAdamandEve(thenamesoftengiventothefirstmanandwomanbroughtaboardeachslaveship);?ShortandsimplenameslikeTom,Jack,orBill;?ClassicalnamessuchasCato,Nero,Caesar,Pompey,Phoebe,andVenus,whichcamefromsuchliterarysourcesastheplaysofShakespeareandpopularnovelsofthetime;?NicknameslikeCurly,Tomboy,Prince,andDuke.;F、IntheyearsjustpriortotheCivilWar,italsobecamefashionableamongslavefamilies,asitwasamongtheirowners,tousethesurnamesofAmericanleadersasfirstnames.Washingtonwasthenamemostoftenused;MadisonandJeffersonalsowerepopular.;G、AftertheconclusionoftheCivilWar,oneofthefirstthingsthatmanyfreedslavesdidwastocastasidethenamesthathadbeenforceduponthembytheirformermastersandadoptnewnamesthatreflectedtheirfreedom.Somecelebratedtheirnewstatusbyadoptingthefullformsoftheirshortenednames.Otherstooktheirnewnamingfreedomonestepfurtherandembellished(裝飾)thesenamesbyaddingprefixesorsuffixes(suchasMedgar,thevariationofEdgargiventocivilrightsleaderMedgarEvers).Stillotherschangedthespellingoftheir