2025屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀七選五解題技巧演練題專題2據(jù)“位”而思-根據(jù)三類空格位置準(zhǔn)解題目

其次講據(jù)“位”而思——依據(jù)三類空格位置準(zhǔn)解題目上一講從宏觀上解讀了解答閱讀七選五必備的思維意識，是第一遍讀題后對空格匹配選項的初判；但為了確保答案萬無一失，知其然更知其所以然，本講從空格位置及所擔(dān)當(dāng)?shù)恼Z意關(guān)系層面講解做題技法。本講內(nèi)容與上一講內(nèi)容是相輔相承的，做題時要綜合敏捷運用，融會貫穿才能游刃有余。一、設(shè)空在段首若是針對段落小標(biāo)題設(shè)空，其呈現(xiàn)形式應(yīng)和其他小標(biāo)題相同，選項應(yīng)短小精悍，多為名詞詞組、動名詞短語或祈使句。若段落首句設(shè)空，段首句要么與段落標(biāo)題相關(guān)聯(lián)，要么是段落主題句，選項要具有概括性，要么承接上段，要么是對下文的概括。思索點(一)段落主題句當(dāng)某段開頭處設(shè)空時，通常要填的內(nèi)容是該段的主題句，考生須要仔細(xì)研讀該段內(nèi)容，尤其是設(shè)空處后面的一兩句，確定線索詞，然后從備選項中查找這些線索詞的同義詞、近義詞或關(guān)聯(lián)詞。一般正確選項與空后第一句在內(nèi)容上是連貫且符合邏輯的，在意義上是緊密連接的。[典例1](2024·全國卷Ⅲ)·__37__Questionsaboutsubjectcontentaregenerallywelcomed.Beforeaskingquestionsaboutthecoursedesign,readthesyllabus(教學(xué)大綱)andlearningmanagementsysteminformationtobesuretheanswerisn’thidinginplainsight.A．That’swhattheyarefor.B．Turntoanonlineinstructorforhelp.C．Ifmoreinformationisneeded,theywillask.D．Rememberthatonlineprofessorsgetalotofemails.E．Belowaresomecommondo’sanddon’tsforonlinelearners.F．Everyonehastakenanot-so-greatclassatonetimeoranother.G．Askquestions,butmakesuretheyaregood,thoughtfulquestions.分析：本題考查段落主題句。本段主要介紹了應(yīng)當(dāng)提問什么樣的問題，所提的問題要確保答案不能自不待言。本段內(nèi)容圍繞“questions”綻開，故G項“提問題，并且要確保所提問題是經(jīng)過深思熟慮的好問題”，符合語境。故選G。思索點(二)承上啟下句當(dāng)非首段的第一句設(shè)空時，設(shè)空處有可能是承上啟下句，這就要求考生既要熟識上一段的內(nèi)容，尤其是上一段結(jié)尾的內(nèi)容，又要結(jié)合本段內(nèi)容，使所選答案能夠把兩段內(nèi)容進(jìn)行無縫對接。[典例2](2024·全國卷Ⅲ)37_B．It_is_traditional_to_bring_a_gift_to_a_housewarming_party.Somepeopleregisteralistofthingstheywantorneedfortheirnewhomeatalocalstoreorstores.Somecommonthingspeoplewillputonagiftregistryincludekitchentoolslikeknivesandthingslikecurtains.Evenifthereisn’taregistry,agoodhousewarminggiftissomethingtodecoratethenewhousewith,likeapieceofartoraplant.__38__Thisisoftenappreciatedsinceatahousewarmingthereisn’talotoffoodserved.Thereareusuallynoplannedactivitieslikegamesatahousewarmingparty.Thehostorhostessofthepartywill,however,probablygivealltheguestsatouroftheirnewhome.Sometimes,becauseahousewarmingpartyhappensshortlyafterapersonmovesintotheirnewhome,peoplemaybeaskedtohelpunpackboxes.39_A．This_isn’t_usual_though.A．Thisisn’tusualthough.B．Itistraditionaltobringagifttoahousewarmingparty.C．Youcanalsobringfoodordrinkstosharewiththeotherguests.D．Ifyou’reluckyenoughtoreceivegifts,keeptheminasafeplace.E．Italsogivespeopleachancetoseewhatthenewhomelookslike.F．Thebesthousewarmingpartiesencourageoldfriendstogettogether.G．Thiswassothatthepersoncouldkeeptheirhomewarmforthewinter.分析：本題考查段落之間的連接。前面段落所講內(nèi)容為帶禮物，可以是廚房工具、窗簾、藝術(shù)品或綠植。本空承接上文，也應(yīng)與禮物相關(guān)，依據(jù)設(shè)空處后面的句子“Thisisoftenappreciatedsinceatahousewarmingthereisn’talotoffoodserved.”可知，空處所帶的禮物應(yīng)與食物相關(guān)，故選C。二、設(shè)空在段中當(dāng)設(shè)空在段中時，通?？疾樵摽张c前后句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系和上下文的連接。考查的邏輯關(guān)系：總分關(guān)系、說明關(guān)系、例證關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系、遞進(jìn)關(guān)系和并列關(guān)系7大關(guān)系。有時會出現(xiàn)下列連接詞語：first,second,then,next,later,soon,so,but,however,additionally,what’smore,thatis,namely,inotherwords,foronething...foranother等。思索點(一)總分關(guān)系[典例3](2024·全國卷Ⅰ)Thefriendswhointroducedmetocampingthoughtthatitmeanttobeapioneer.__37__Wesleptinatent,cookedoveranopenfire,andwalkedalongdistancetotaketheshowerandusethebathroom.ThisbriefvisitwithMotherNaturecostmetwodaysofffromwork,recoveringfromabadcaseofsunburnandthedoctor’sbillformyson’sfoodpoisoning.A．Thistimetherewasnotent.B．Thingsaregoingtobeimproved.C．Thetriptheytookmeonwasaroughone.D．Iwastolearnalotaboutcampingsincethen,however.E．ImustsaythatIhavecertainlycometoenjoycamping.F．Afterthetrip,myfamilybecamequiteinterestedincamping.G．Therewasnoshadeasthetreeswerenomorethan3feettall.分析：本題考查總分關(guān)系。依據(jù)下文的描述“我們睡在帳篷里、在篝火上做飯、走很遠(yuǎn)的路去洗澡和上廁所”可知，這次野營比較艱難。設(shè)空處是總體評價，后面是具體描述。故選C。思索點(二)說明關(guān)系[典例4](2024·全國卷Ⅱ)Imagineachildstandingonadivingboardfourfeethighandaskinghimselfthequestion:“ShouldIjump？”Thisiswhatmotivationorthelackofitcando.Motivationandgoalsettingarethetwosidesofthesamecoin.__36__Likethechildonthedivingboard,youwillstayundecided.A．Thiscanaffectyourwork.B．Sohowshouldyoumotivateyourself?C．However,thisshouldnotdiscourageyou.D．Sowhyshouldwetrytosetspecificgoals?E．Theycanchangeaccordingtocircumstances.F．Motivationiswhatyouneedmosttodoagoodjob.G．Withoutmotivation,youcanneithersetagoalnorreachit.分析：本題考查說明關(guān)系。設(shè)空處前一句的句意“動力和目標(biāo)設(shè)定是同一枚硬幣的兩面”，設(shè)空處說明二者之間的關(guān)系“沒有動力，你既不能設(shè)定目標(biāo)，也不能去實現(xiàn)它”。故選G。思索點(三)例證關(guān)系[典例5](2024·全國卷Ⅰ)Therearethreemaintypesofcryptography.__37__Forexample,thefirstlettersof“Myelephanteatstoomanyeels”spelloutthehiddenmessage“Meetme.”A．Itisveryhardtobreakacodewithoutthecodebook.B．Inanylanguage,somelettersareusedmorethanothers.C．Onlypeoplewhoknowthekeywordcanreadthemessage.D．Aslongastherehavebeencodes,peoplehavetriedtobreakthem.E．Youcanhideamessagebyhavingthefirstlettersofeachwordspellitout.F．Withacodebook,youmightwritedownwordsthatwouldstandforotherwords.G．Anotherwaytohideamessageistousesymbolstostandforspecificlettersofthealphabet.分析：本題考查例證關(guān)系。設(shè)空處前一句的句意為“有三種主要的密碼術(shù)”?？蘸蠼又徒o出一個例子“你可以通過拼法每個單詞的第一個字母來隱藏信息”。故選E。思索點(四)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系[典例6](2024·新高考全國卷Ⅰ)Someindividualsarebornwithagiftforpublicspeaking.__16__Doyouwanttobeagoodpublicspeaker?Herearesomeprinciplesyoumustmaster.A．Dotheopposite.B．Youwanttobeaneffectivepublicspeaker.C．Youdon’tneedtoapologizeforaminorslip.D．Whenitcomestopublicspeaking,lessisusuallymore.E．Theobjectiveofmostspeechesistobenefittheaudience.F．Takethefearoutofpublicspeakingbyfocusingonyourlisteners.G．However,themajorityofpeopleareeffectivespeakersbecausetheytraintobe.分析：本題考查轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。設(shè)空處前一句的句意為“有些人天生就有公眾演講的天賦”。設(shè)空處后一句的句意為“你想成為一個好的公眾演說家嗎？”。依據(jù)邏輯推斷，設(shè)空處應(yīng)與前一句構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故G項“然而，大多數(shù)人之所以能成為有效的演講者，是因為他們受過訓(xùn)練”符合語境。思索點(五)因果關(guān)系[典例7](2024·全國卷Ⅱ)Writtencommunicationscanoftenreadascoldanddull.Usingemojiscanaddhumorandfeeling,keepingintentionclear.__37__，encouragingbetterandmorefrequentcommunication.A．MessagewithemojisfeelmoreconversationalB．EvenaformalemailcanseemcoldandunfriendlyC．SendingsmilingfacestocolleaguesmayseemstrangeD．ThepopularityoftheseplatformsisspreadinggloballyE．GivingemployeesthetoolsenablesthemtocommunicatehonestlyF．StudiesshowthatfriendliercommunicationleadstoahappierworkplaceG．Aneasywaytobringallworkgenerationstogetheriswithachatplatform分析：本題考查因果關(guān)系。依據(jù)下文“encouragingbetterandmorefrequentcommunication(激勵更好、更常見的溝通)”可知，設(shè)空處所填的句子是下文的緣由。A項“運用表情符號的信息讓人感覺更適合交談”符合語境。故選A。思索點(六)遞進(jìn)關(guān)系[典例8](2024·全國卷Ⅱ)Anotherwayofsettingrealisticgoalsistoanalyzeyourshortandlongtermobjectives,keepinginmindyourbeliefs,valuesandstrengths.Rememberthatgoalsareflexible.__39__Theyalsoneedtobemeasurable.Youmustkeepthesepointsinmindwhilesettingyourgoals.A．Thiscanaffectyourwork.B．Sohowshouldyoumotivateyourself?C．However,thisshouldnotdiscourageyou.D．Sowhyshouldwetrytosetspecificgoals?E．Theycanchangeaccordingtocircumstances.F．Motivationiswhatyouneedmosttodoagoodjob.G．Withoutmotivation,youcanneithersetagoalnorreachit.分析：本題考查遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。依據(jù)上句“Rememberthatgoalsareflexible.(要記住目標(biāo)是敏捷的。)”可知，E項“目標(biāo)可以依據(jù)狀況做出變更”，承接上文，與上一句為遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。故選E。思索點(七)并列關(guān)系[典例9](2024·新高考全國卷Ⅰ)Yourgoalisnottobeaperfectpublicspeaker.__19__Andlikeeverythingelseinlife,thattakespractice.Remember,evenworldchampionathletespracticetheirskillsonaconsistentbasis.A．Dotheopposite.B．Youwanttobeaneffectivepublicspeaker.C．Youdon’tneedtoapologizeforaminorslip.D．Whenitcomestopublicspeaking,lessisusuallymore.E．Theobjectiveofmostspeechesistobenefittheaudience.F．Takethefearoutofpublicspeakingbyfocusingonyourlisteners.G．However,themajorityofpeopleareeffectivespeakersbecausetheytraintobe.分析：本題考查并列關(guān)系。由本段第一句“Yourgoalisnottobeaperfectpublicspeaker.”及空后一句“And...takespractice.”可以鎖定B選項為正確答案，它們之間構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系。三、設(shè)空在段尾思索點(一)總結(jié)句當(dāng)設(shè)空在段尾時，通常是結(jié)論性、概括性語句，是對上文的概括總結(jié)。假如缺的是結(jié)論性、概括性的語句，考生應(yīng)快速閱讀七個備選項，留意選項中是否出現(xiàn)表示結(jié)果、結(jié)論、總結(jié)等的信號詞，如so,therefore,asaresult,inshort,inaword,allinall等詞或短語，快速縮小選擇范圍，再依據(jù)段落主題一樣性原則，從而確定正確選項。[典例10](2024·全國卷Ⅰ)·Recognizeallofyourstrengths.Writethemdowninajournal.Begintotrainyourbraintolookatstrengthbeforeweakness.Listallofyouraccomplishmentsandachievements.Youhaveajob,earnedyourdegree,andyougotoutofbedtoday.__39__A．Feelingupsetagain?B．Wheredoyoustart?C．Nothingistoosmalltocelebrate.D．Remember,youareonlyhuman.E．Setanintentionforself-acceptance.F．Stopcomparingyourselfwithothers.G．Whendoesthecomparisongamestart?分析：本題考查段落總結(jié)句。由本段首句可知本段主題是“相識到你全部的優(yōu)點”，段中列舉了一些小的成果，如有了一份工作，拿到了學(xué)位等，段尾對這些成果做了一下總結(jié)：沒有什么事情太小而不值得慶祝。故選C。思索點(二)段落過渡句當(dāng)設(shè)空在非尾段段末時，也有可能是考查承上啟下的過渡句。假如所缺的是段落間的過渡句，首先可以關(guān)注表示邏輯關(guān)系的連接詞，再結(jié)合詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)等原則進(jìn)行答案的選擇。[典例11](2024·全國卷Ⅰ)IfanyonehadtoldmethreeyearsagothatIwouldbespendingmostofmyweekendscamping,Iwouldhavelaughedheartily.Campers,inmyeyes,werepeoplewhoenjoyedinsectbites,ill-cookedmeals,anduncomfortablesleepingbags.Theyhadnothingincommonwithme.__36__Thefriendswhointroducedmetocampingthoughtthatitmeanttobeapioneer.37_C．The_trip_they_took_me_on_was_a_rough_one.Wesleptinatent,cookedoveranopenfire,andwalkedalongdistancetotaketheshowerandusethebathroom.ThisbriefvisitwithMotherNaturecostmetwodaysofffromwork,recoveringfromabadcaseofsunburnandthedoctor’sbillformyson’sfoodpoisoning.A．Thistimetherewasnotent.B．Thingsaregoingtobeimproved.C．Thetriptheytookmeonwasaroughone.D．Iwastolearnalotaboutcampingsincethen,however.E．ImustsaythatIhavecertainlycometoenjoycamping.F．Afterthetrip,myfamilybecamequiteinterestedincamping.G．Therewasnoshadeasthetreeswerenomorethan3feettall.分析：考查段落過渡句。依據(jù)空處上文“假如三年前有人告知我，以后我的大部分周末時間都會露營，我會放聲大笑。在我看來，露營者是喜愛讓昆蟲咬、吃不好吃的飯菜和睡令人不舒適的睡袋。這些和我毫不相干”和下一段的“介紹我去露營的摯友們認(rèn)為這是一次具有開創(chuàng)性的露營。這次露營比較艱難。我們睡帳篷、在篝火上做飯、走很遠(yuǎn)的路去洗澡和上廁所。這次對大自然母親的短暫造訪讓我請了兩天假，要在皮膚嚴(yán)峻灼傷后進(jìn)行復(fù)原，并且還要支付來自醫(yī)生治療我兒子食物中毒的賬單”可知，兩段之間有轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以要填一個承上啟下的過渡句，D項“然而，從那時起我卻學(xué)到了許多關(guān)于露營的學(xué)問”符合語境。故選D。思索點(三)補充信息句段末設(shè)空還有可能是對前文內(nèi)容進(jìn)行補充說明，這時要選擇補充性的語句。[典例12](2024·全國卷Ⅲ)·Don’tsharepersonalinformationorstories.Professorsarenottrainednurses,financialaidexpertsoryourbestfriends.Ifyouareinneedofadeadlineextension,simplyexplainthesituationtotheprofessor.__39__A．That’swhattheyarefor.B．Turntoanonlineinstructorforhelp.C．Ifmoreinformationisneeded,theywillask.D．Rememberthatonlineprofessorsgetalotofemails.E．Belowaresomecommondo’sanddon’tsforonlinelearners.F．Everyonehastakenanot-so-greatclassatonetimeoranother.G．Askquestions,butmakesuretheyaregood,thoughtfulquestions.分析：本題考查邏輯關(guān)系。本段主要講的是“不要把個人信息和經(jīng)驗告知教授，假如你須要延長最終期限，向教授說明境況即可”。C項“假如須要了解更多信息，他們會問你的”是對上文內(nèi)容的補充說明，符合語境。故選C。[隨堂體驗落實]Havingalearningdisabilitydoesn’tmeanyoucan’tlearn.Learningdisabilitieshappenbecauseofthewayaperson’sbraintakesinandprocessesinformation.__1__Thetrickwillbefiguringouthowyoulearnbest.Learningdisabilitiesaren’tcontagious(傳染的),buttheycanbegenetic.Thatmeanstheycanbepasseddowninfamiliesthroughthegenes,likemanyothertraitswegetfromourparentsandgrandparents.Someonewithalearningdisabilityprobablyhasotherfamilymemberswhohavehadsomelearningtroubles,too.Kidswithlearningproblemsaresometimessurprisedtofindoutthatoneoftheirparentshadsimilartroubleswhenheorshewasinschool.__2__It’sveryhardforakidtoknowifhe