2024-2025學(xué)年高中英語Unit3Inventorsandinventions單元加餐練習(xí)題含解析新人教版選修8

Unit3Inventorsandinventions單元加餐練Ⅰ.完形填空NolanBarry,8,andThomasMacKeen,9,wereontheirwayhomefromschoolinAtkinson,N．H.,withthreeotherstudentsTuesdaywhentheirridetooka__1__turn.Thedriversufferedamedicalemergencyand__2__，butthebuswasstillmoving.Nolanusuallysitsatthefrontofthebus,wherehecanseethedriver.BecauseofNolan's__3__，hewassomewhatfamiliarwiththebus__4__.Althoughheforgotwhichbuttontopress,hefigureditoutintime.Fortunately,Nolan__5__theemergencybraking(剎車)systemwhichalsoturnsontheflashingredlights,puttingthe__6__signandsafetybarout.Buttheyweren'toutofthewoodsyet;andtheycouldn'tfigureouthowtoopenthedoors.Thomaswastheoldeststudentonthebus(inthefourthgrade)andhewasableto__7__theotherstudentsdownandgetthembackintotheirseats.Anotherstudent,8-year-oldDavidSilva,wasalsoonthebus.Luckily,David'sfather,JesseSilva,wasjustdowntheroad__8__fortheschoolbustodeliverhischild,andhenoticedthekids__9__thewindshield(擋風(fēng)玻璃)andsaying“help”．Thefatherranovertothebusand__10__togetin.Hesawthedriveronthefloorandthestudentswereallshakenup.Hetriedunsuccessfullyto__11__thedriver—hereyesopenedbutshewasn'tcommunicating.Butthat's__12__theparamedics(護(hù)理人員)arrived.Thebusdriverwas__13__，butthecauseofthecollapseisstillunclear.Whatisclearisthatshewasvery__14__tohaveNolanandThomasonthebuswhenallthishappened.Andtheydofeellike__15__，“Kindof，”Nolansaidwheninterviewed.Butthey'renotlettingitgettotheirheads.“NotlikeSuperman.Notlikethat.”這是一篇記敘文。文章講解并描述的是幾個(gè)小學(xué)生憑借他們的機(jī)靈英勇勝利限制失控的校車，避開了一起交通事故的故事。1．A.exciting B．pleasantC．splendid D．scary答案：D解析：由下文可知，司機(jī)因急病昏倒了，但公共汽車還在行駛，所以車子失控發(fā)生了可怕的轉(zhuǎn)彎。故選D。2．A.passedout B．losttemperC．wentmad D．brokedown答案：A解析：由下文中的“collapse”可知，passedout(昏厥)切題。故選A。3．A.talent B．interactionsC．observations D．a(chǎn)nxiety答案：C解析：由“Nolanusuallysitsatthefrontofthebus,wherehecanseethedriver”可知，observations(視察)切題。Nolan通常坐在車的前面，所以能夠視察到司機(jī)是如何駕駛車輛的。故選C。4．A.structures B．functionsC．controls D．routes答案：C解析：由下文可知，Nolan啟動(dòng)了緊急剎車系統(tǒng)，所以Nolan熟識校車的操作裝置。故選C。5．A.destroyed B．fixedC．checked D．started答案：D解析：依據(jù)上文fortunately可知，一切很幸運(yùn)，Nolan啟動(dòng)了緊急剎車系統(tǒng)。6．A.danger B．stopC．road D．position答案：B解析：依據(jù)語境此處應(yīng)當(dāng)是停車標(biāo)記，故選B。7．A.pull B．letC．put D．clam答案：D解析：依據(jù)語境應(yīng)當(dāng)是Thomas使其他學(xué)生安靜(calmdown)下來坐回他們的座位。8．A.looking B．a(chǎn)nsweringC．longing D．waiting答案：D解析：依據(jù)生活常識，家長接孩子，都要提前等待，以免錯(cuò)過。所以waitfor“等待”符合句意。故選D。9．A.beating B．wipingC．painting D．watching答案：A解析：由上文車輛出現(xiàn)了緊急狀況可知，此處表達(dá)：他留意到孩子們不停地敲打擋風(fēng)玻璃，嘴里喊著“救命”。10．A.refused B．hesitatedC．failed D．managed答案：D解析：由下文“Hesawthedriveronthefloor”可知，這位父親是勝利地進(jìn)入了車內(nèi)。managetodo“設(shè)法做某事(強(qiáng)調(diào)勝利了)”。11．A.wake B．informC．feed D．comfort答案：A解析：依據(jù)常識可推斷出，因?yàn)樗緳C(jī)已經(jīng)昏厥，所以進(jìn)入車內(nèi)的第一件事就是救人。所以要叫醒司機(jī)。12．A.how B．whyC．when D．where答案：C解析：此處為表語從句，表示救援人員到達(dá)的時(shí)間，所以用連接副詞when，故選C。13．A.arrested B．interviewedC．treated D．a(chǎn)ccused答案：C解析：由“theparamedics(護(hù)理人員)arrived”可知，護(hù)理人員到了，所以要對病人進(jìn)行救治。故選C。14．A.sorry B．confusedC．clever D．lucky答案：D解析：依據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知是Nolan和Thomas使孩子們和司機(jī)得以脫險(xiǎn)，所以此處表達(dá)的是她是幸運(yùn)的。15．A.fools B．heroesC．experts D．drivers答案：B解析：上文講他們憑借自己的機(jī)靈英勇避開了一起事故的發(fā)生，挽救了許多人，所以Nolan在接受采訪時(shí)說，他們的確覺得自己有些像英雄。Ⅱ.閱讀理解Theproblemofrobocallshasgottensobadthatmanypeoplenowrefusetopickupcallsfromnumberstheydon'tknow.Bynextyear，halfofthecallswereceivewillbescams(欺詐)．Wearefinallywakinguptotheseverityoftheproblembysupportinganddevelopingagroupoftools，appsandapproachesintendedtopreventscammersfromgettingthrough.Unfortunately，it'stoolittle，toolate.Bythetimethese“solutions”(解決方案)becomewidelyavailable，scammerswillhavemovedontocleverermeans.Inthenearfuture，it'snotjustgoingtobethenumberyouseeonyourscreenthatwillbeindoubt.Soonyouwillalsoquestionwhetherthevoiceyou'rehearingisactuallyreal.That'sbecausethereareanumberofpowerfulvoicemanipulation(處理)andautomationtechnologiesthatareabouttobecomewidelyavailableforanyonetouse.Atthisyear'sI/OConference，acompanyshowedanewvoicetechnologyabletoproducesuchaconvincinghuman-soundingvoicethatitwasabletospeaktoareceptionistandbookareservationwithoutdetection.Thesedevelopmentsarelikelytomakeourcurrentproblemswithrobocallsmuchworse.Thereasonthatrobocallsareaheadachehaslesstodowithamountthanprecision.Adecadeofdatabreaches(數(shù)據(jù)侵入)ofpersonalinformationhasledtoasituationwherescammerscaneasilylearnyourmother'sname，andfarmore.Armedwiththisknowledge，they'reabletocarryoutindividuallytargetedcampaignstocheatpeople.Thismeans，forexample，thatascammercouldcallyoufromwhatlookstobeafamiliarnumberandtalktoyouusingavoicethatsoundsexactlylikeyourbankteller's，trickingyouinto“confirming”youraddress，mother'sname，andcardnumber.Scammersfollowmoney，socompanieswillbetheworsthit.Alotofbusinessisstilldoneoverthephone，andmuchofitisbasedontrustandexistingrelationships.Voicemanipulationtechnologiesmayweakenthatgradually.Weneedtodealwiththeinsecurenatureofourtelecomnetworks.Phonecarriersandconsumersneedtoworktogethertofindwaysofdeterminingandcommunicatingwhatisreal.Thatmightmeaneitherdevelopingauniformwaytomarkvideosandimages，showingwhenandwhotheyweremadeby，orabandoningphonecallsaltogetherandmovingtowardsdata-basedcommunications—usingappslikeFaceTimeorWhatsApp，whichcanbetiedtoyouridentity.Credibilityishardtoearnbuteasytolose，andtheproblemisonlygoingtogetharderfromhereonout.本文是一篇爭論文。介紹了騷擾電話給人們的生活帶來的影響。文章引導(dǎo)我們辯證地思索問題，運(yùn)用辯證思維模式，堅(jiān)持兩點(diǎn)論，避開走極端。這種思維模式能幫助我們意識到新興科技成果對人們生活的影響有好有壞。1．Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutthesolutionstotheproblemofrobocalls?A．Panicked. B．Confused.C．Embarrassed. D．Disappointed.答案：D解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容特殊是“Bythetimethese‘solutions’(解決方案)becomewidelyavailable，scammerswillhavemovedontocleverermeans.”可推知，作者對騷擾電話的解決方案感到悲觀(disappointed)，故選D項(xiàng)。panicked驚惶的；confused迷惑的；embarrassed尷尬的。2．Takingadvantageofthenewtechnologies，scammerscan________.A．a(chǎn)imatvictimsprecisely B．damagedatabaseseasilyC．startcampaignsrapidly D．spreadinformationwidely答案：A解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容特殊是“Thesedevelopmentsarelikelytomakeourcurrentproblemswithrobocallsmuchworse.Thereasonthatrobocallsareaheadachehaslesstodowithamountthanprecision.”以及“Armedwiththisknowledge，they'reabletocarryoutindividuallytargetedcampaignstocheatpeople.”可知，技術(shù)的發(fā)展好像會(huì)使騷擾電話問題變得更糟，騷擾電話之所以讓人頭疼，主要在于詐騙者能精確地瞄準(zhǔn)受害者，故選A項(xiàng)。3．Whatdoesthepassageimply?A．Honestyisthebestpolicy.B．Technologiescanbedouble-edged.C．Therearemoresolutionsthanproblems.D．Credibilityholdsthekeytodevelopment.答案：B解析：推理推斷題。技術(shù)的進(jìn)步給人們的生活帶來便利的同時(shí)，也給居心不良之人供應(yīng)了可乘之機(jī)——詐騙者撥打騷擾電話進(jìn)行詐騙。所以說技術(shù)是把雙刃劍，故選B項(xiàng)。4．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．WheretheProblemofRobocallsIsRootedB．WhoIstoBlamefortheProblemofRobocallsC．WhyRobocallsAreAbouttoGetMoreDangerousD．HowRobocallsAreAffectingtheWorldofTechnology答案：C解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。文章介紹了隨著技術(shù)的發(fā)展，騷擾電話問題變得更加糟糕，而騷擾電話之所以讓人頭疼，主要在于詐騙者能精確地瞄準(zhǔn)受害者。騷擾電話影響了人們的生活，正變得越來越危急，文章介紹了這種狀況發(fā)生的緣由，故選C項(xiàng)。Ⅲ.讀后續(xù)寫Tocelebratehisgirlfriend'sbirthday,LukeFortunedrovefromasmalltowninCentralOregontoPortland,whereheparkedhiscarinapaidgarageovernight.Thenextmorning,hediscoveredthatthecar'swindowhadbeensmashed,alongwithhisdreamsforthefuture：Hisbackpackandcomputerweregone.“Everythingimportanttomewasonthatcomputer，”saidFortune,21,whoisstudyingtobecomeaparamedic(護(hù)理人員)．“Myclasswork,everypaperI'dwritten,andalltheprogramsIneededformyparamedictests.EveryletterIwasworkingonforjobapplications.Ifeltsick.”Twodaysafterthetheft,anotheryoungmanwasstandingoutsidehisapartment,alsoinPortland.MasoudAlmazrouei,29,isanexchangestudentfromtheUnitedArabEmirates.Hehadbeenapproachedbyamanwhosaidhehadacomputerforsale.Only$200.Almazrouei,whohadbeenintheUnitedStatesforonlyayear,admitsnowthathewasnaive(天真)．Butheneededacomputer,soheboughtit,tookithome,andturnediton.Withinseconds,hesawfilesandphotographs.“Iwonderedwhowouldsellacomputerwithallofthisonit，”hesaid.“Irealizeditcouldbestolen.”Almazroueifoundwhatappearedtobetheowner'scellphonenumberandcalledit.“Thisguywithathickaccenttoldmehehadmycomputer，”Fortunesaid.“Hetoldmethestoryandsaiditwashisfault.Ithoughtitwasascam(騙局)．Itoldhimifhereallyhadthecomputer,heshouldtakeittothepolice.”Soonafter,apoliceofficercalledFortunetosaythatamanhaddroppedthecomputeroffandhadsaidhewassorry.Hepassedalongtheman'snumber.留意：1．所續(xù)寫短文的詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2．續(xù)寫部分分為兩段，每段的開頭語已為你寫好。答案Paragraph1：FortunecalledandthankedAlmazroueiandinsisted