被動語態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)不定式被動語態(tài)

被動語態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)不定式被動語態(tài)英語得謂語動詞有兩種語態(tài)WespeakEnglish、主語謂語賓語Englishisspokenbyus、主語謂語賓語賓變主,主變賓,前加by動變被,看清be,結(jié)構(gòu)分別be+pp主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)種類時態(tài)構(gòu)成用法標(biāo)志性時間狀語一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時一般將來時現(xiàn)在進行時sbdo/does1、表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生得動作和存在得狀態(tài)2、客觀事實和普遍真理always,often,never,sometimes,usually,seldom,everyday,onceamonth,

1、was/were2、v得過去式表示過去某個時間里發(fā)生得動作和存在得狀態(tài)yesterday,lastnight,---ago,justnow,lastyear,in1999,

when,before,after,until,assoonas表示過去得時間狀語從句。1、助動詞shall/will+v原形2、begoingto+v原形表示將來某個時間要發(fā)生得動作或打算要做得事。tomorrow,nextyear,intwoweeks,later,soon,beforelong,in2010,fromnowonbe(am,is,are)+ving表示說話時正在進行得動作或發(fā)生得動詞look,listen,now,thesedays,atpresent,thisweek,at8:00種類時態(tài)構(gòu)成用法標(biāo)志性時間狀語過去將來時過去進行時現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時表示過去某一時間正在發(fā)生與進行得動作was/were+vingthistimeyesterday,atthattime,at9:00yesterdayhave/has+ved過去發(fā)生得動作對現(xiàn)在造成得影響過去得動作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并有可能還要延續(xù)had+ved表示過去某時為止或過去某個時間之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生完成得動作

bytheendof+過去時間,when,before+從句(過去式)

already,yet,just,ever,never,once,for,sincewould+v原形Was/weregoingto+v原形表示在過去看來將要發(fā)生得動作或存在得狀態(tài)常用在主句就是過去式賓語從句中Exercise:Water______(freeze)atthetemperature0、Theair_____(keep)movingallthetime、Thetown_____(lie)tothewestofthehill、I_______(believe)you________tellthetruthnow、--____myson__________(work)hardthisterm?--Oh,yes,he_________(try)hisbestnow、6、______thehat_______(fit)mewell?7、–Whathashappenedtothefish,Mary?--Mum,thecat______(eat)thefish、Justnowthecat_____(jump)ontothetableand_____(eat)itup、8、Sam____(live)inthesmalltownforfiveyearsduringthewar、9、ItisagessinceIlast____(see)you、You___(grow)taller、10、Hewon’ttelluswherehe______(get)thebook、freezeskeepsliesbelievearetellingIsworkingistryingDoesfithaseatenjumpedatelivedsawhavegrowngot常見得幾種被動語態(tài)有:(1)一般現(xiàn)在時得被動語態(tài):am/is/are+done一般現(xiàn)在時:do/does(2)一般過去時得被動語態(tài):was/were+done一般過去時:did(3)一般將來時得被動語態(tài):will/shall+bedone一般將來時:will/shall+do(4)過去將來時得被動語態(tài):would/should+bedone過去將來時:would/should+dobe+done(5)現(xiàn)在進行時得被動語態(tài):am/is/are+beingdone現(xiàn)在進行時:is/am/are+doing(6)過去進行時態(tài)得被動語態(tài):was/were+beingdone過去進行時:was/were+doing(7)現(xiàn)在完成時得被動語態(tài):have/has+beendone現(xiàn)在完成時:have/has+done(8)過去完成時得被動語態(tài):had+beendone過去完成時:had+donebe+done一般現(xiàn)在時:am/is/aredone一般過去時:was/weredone現(xiàn)在進行時:am/is/arebeingdone過去進行時:was/werebeingdone現(xiàn)在完成時:have/hasbeendone過去完成時:hadbeendone一般將來時:shall/willbedone;begoingtobedone過去將來時wouldbedone;was/weregoingtobedone當(dāng)句中含有情態(tài)動詞時,句子結(jié)構(gòu)為can/mustbedone各種時態(tài)得被動語態(tài):時態(tài)意義標(biāo)志詞語構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時Thepresenttense經(jīng)常性,習(xí)慣性得動作,存在得狀態(tài),或客觀事實、everyday,usually,always,sometimes,often,onceaweek主語+V原(當(dāng)主語就是第三人稱時,V+s或es)主語+am/is/are+V過分現(xiàn)在進行時Thepresentcontinuoustense現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生得動作now,look,listen,atthismoment,rightnow,atpresent主語+am/is/are+doing主語+am/is/are+being+V過分過去進行時Thepastcontinuoustense表示在過去一個時間點或時間短中正在發(fā)生得動作atthattime,then,atthatmoment主語+was/were+doing主語+was/were+being+V過分一般將來時Thefuturetense表示將來某時發(fā)生得動作或情況tomorrow,soon,nextmonth/week,inaweek主語+will/shall+V原主語+will/shall+be+V過分過去將來時Thepastfuturetense表示從過去得某一時間看將要發(fā)生得動作或存在得狀態(tài)twodayslater,thenextweek,thefollowingweek主語+would/should+V原主語+would/should+be+V過分一般過去時Thepasttense過去某時發(fā)生得動作或情況yesterday,ago,lastyear/week主語+V過(V+ed,還有一些不規(guī)則變化得動詞

主語+was/were+V過分現(xiàn)在完成時

Thepresentperfecttense表示在過去已發(fā)生或已完成,但與現(xiàn)在情況有聯(lián)系得動作或狀態(tài)already,just,yet,ever,recently,forthreedays,since1998,inthepast20years主語+have/has+V過分主語+have/has+been+V過分過去完成時Thepastperfecttense表示在過去某一時刻或動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成得動作(過去得過去)bytheendoflastyear/term主語+had+V過分主語+had+been+V過分Thebridge

(build)lastyear、TheOlympicGames

(hold)everyfouryears、Theproblem

(discuss)atthemeetingnow、Hisnewbook

(publish)nextmonth、Theclassroom

(notclean)yet、

6、Themachine

(repair)atthistimeyesterday、7、Shesaidthereport

(type)byLiMeifortwoweeks、8、MissLisaidthebook

(give)tothestudentsthenextmorning、9、BytheendofnexttermtwothousandEnglishwords

(learn)、10、Hesaidtheproject

(finish)by2010、wasbuilt

areheldisbeingdiscussed

willbepublished

hasnotbeencleaned

wasbeingrepairedhadbeentypedwouldbegiven

willhavebeenlearnedwouldhavebeenfinished

大家學(xué)習(xí)辛苦了，還是要堅持繼續(xù)保持安靜Thebridge

(build)lastyear、TheOlympicGames

(hold)everyfouryears、Theproblem

(discuss)atthemeetingnow、

Hisnewbook

(publish)nextmonth、Theclassroom

(notclean)yet、

6、Themachine

(repair)atthistimeyesterday、7、Shesaidthereport

(type)byLiMeifortwoweeks、8、MissLisaidthebook

(give)tothestudentsthenextmorning、9、BytheendofnexttermtwothousandEnglishwords

(learn)、10、Hesaidtheproject

(finish)by2010、wasbuilt

areheldisbeingdiscussed

willbepublished

hasnotbeencleaned

wasbeingrepairedhadbeentypedwouldbegiven

willhavebeenlearnedwouldhavebeenfinished

1、不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)。

如:belong,happen,takeplace,last,etrue,remain,succeed,fall,die,arrive,等。

*Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthiscity、

*Thatbikedoesn’tbelongtoMike、

不用被動語態(tài)得幾種情況:表示“發(fā)生、進行”得不及物動詞\短語,如:happen,last,takeplace,breakout,eout,eabout,etrue,runout,giveout,turnout等以主動表示被動例:1、Howlongdiditlast?2、GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinShanghaiinthelastfewyears、3、Iwishmydreamwouldetrue、不用被動語態(tài)得幾種情況:2、表示靜態(tài)得及物動詞不用被動語態(tài)have/fitIhaveaTVset、Thecoatfitsmewell、不用被動語態(tài)得幾種情況:3、系動詞沒有被動態(tài)和進行時態(tài)這魚味道很好。這條圍巾摸上去很軟。Thefishtastesgood、Thescarffeelssoft、break,catch,clean,drive,lock,open,sell,read,write,wash等,當(dāng)她們被用作不及物動詞來描述主語特征時,常用其主動形式表達(dá)被動意義,主語通常就是物。4、某些動詞形式就是主動,但含有被動得意思。這書很好賣。這種布很好洗。Thebooksellswell、Thiskindofclothwashesverywell、這書賣完了。Thebookissoldout、5、Itissaidthat+從句及其她類似句型一些表示“據(jù)說”或“相信”得動詞如

believe,consider,expect,report,say,suppose,think等可用于句型

“It＋be＋過去分詞＋that從句”

或“主語＋be＋過去分詞＋todosth、”Itissaidthat…據(jù)說,Itisreportedthat…據(jù)報道,Itisbelievedthat…大家相信,Itishopedthat…大家希望,Itiswellknownthat…眾所周知,Itisthoughtthat…大家認(rèn)為,Itissuggestedthat…據(jù)建議。例:Itissaidthattheboyhaspassedtheexam、Theboyissaidtohavepassedtheexam、語態(tài)時態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone進行式tobedoing/完成進行式tohavebeendoing/

動詞不定式得被動語態(tài)

思考:動詞在句子中一般做什么成分？謂語非謂語動詞動詞不定式to+動詞原形

判斷下列句子中得動詞就是謂語還就是非謂語1、Helikes

toplaybasketball、2、Ihavealotofthingstodothisafternoon、

3、Hepretended

tobereadingwhenIcamein、4、TomsaidthathewasveryhappytohearthenewswhichwastoldbyMary、非非非謂謂謂謂非謂謂謂1、Hepretended(假裝)tobereading、2、ItisimportantforustostudyEnglishwell、3、Toseeistobelieve、4、Hespokeloudlytobeheard、5、Thestudentsweremadetodotheirhomeworkafterclass、6、Ihavenochancetogoabroad、

下列句子中畫線部分都就是什么？在句中做什么成分？(主、賓、賓補、定、表、狀)賓主主表狀賓補定

語態(tài)時態(tài)

一般式

完成式

進行式完成進行式不定式得時態(tài)和語態(tài)

todo

tobedone

tobedoing

tohavedone

tohavebeendone

tohavebeendoing--------------------主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)(not)(not)1、Ihavesomedishes(餐具)____________(wash)inthekitchen、Sentencemakingwashtobewashed

Practicemakesperfect!【考點】tobedone2、Thehouseis__________(sell)、tobesoldsell24receive4、Iexpectthemail________________(receive)quickly、tobe3、Thesingerrefused____________________(photograph)、photographedphotographreceivedtobe5、Hehadtoshout____________(hear)、5heartobeheard6、Itisunlucky___________(see)bysuchabiganimal、tobeseensee6

在下列情況中用不定式得主動形式表示被動意思。

1)不定式作后置定語,與被修飾得名詞或代詞構(gòu)成邏輯上得動賓關(guān)系,但又與該句主語(或另一名

詞/代詞)構(gòu)成邏輯上得主謂關(guān)系時,Hehasnothingtoeat、

分析:eat動→nothing賓/he主→eat謂

Iwillgiveyouabooktoread、

分析:_____動→________賓/_____主→_____謂這個優(yōu)雅得女人有事情要宣布。readabookyoureadTheelegantladyhadsomethingtodeclare、★比較:Ihavealotofletterstotype、(我有很多信件要打印:Iwilltypetheletter)Ihavealotofletterstobetyped、(意思為:Igetsb、totypetheletter)1)I’llgotoNewYork、Haveyouanything____________(take)toyourwifethere?2)Haveyouanyclothes____________(wash),

sir?”askedthemaid3)IcannotgooutnowasIhavealotofclothes___________(wash)tobetakentobewashedtowash★注意:若句子得主語并非不定式得邏輯主語時,不定式則必須用被動式。

在下列情況中用不定式得主動形式表示被動意思。

2)在“主語+表語(形容詞)todo”中,主語也就是

不定式得邏輯賓語,即不定式動詞和主語之間就是

動賓關(guān)系。

Thisquestioniseasytoanswer、

(分析:answer(動)------thisquestion(賓))

★注意:

如果動詞為不及物動詞,則要注意介詞得搭配。

Johnisdifficulttodealwith、

(分析:_________(動)----________(賓))如:這扶手椅坐起來很舒服。這題目很難算出來。dealwithJohnThearmchairisfortabletositinThequestionisdifficulttoworkout注意:

非謂語動詞得主動形式表被動意義在某些句型中可用動名詞和不定式得主動形式表被動意義

。

在need,want,require等詞得后面,動名詞用主動形式表示被動意義,其含義相當(dāng)于動詞不定式得被動形式。例:Thehouseneedsrepairing、 toberepaired、1、Allendoesn’tthinkherEnglishisgoodenoughtoworkabroad,anditneeds_________(improve)、2、Allofusehere________(learn)knowledge、3、MrSmithwarnedhisdaughter______________(notdrive)afterdrinking4、Thisproblemissaidto________(discuss)twice、5、Shepretended____________(read)Englishwhentheteachercamein、1、__________(sleep)lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm2、Heisthought______(kill)inanaircrash、3、Ihurriedtothemeetinghall,only___________(tell)thatthemeetinghadbeenputoff、4、Theplay______________(produce)nextmonthaimsmainlytoreflectthelocalculture用所給詞得正確形式填空1、Allendoesn’tthinkherEnglishisgoodenoughtoworkabroad,anditneeds__________________________(improve)、2、Allofusehere__________(learn)knowledge、3、MrSmithwarnedhisdaughter______________(notdrive)afterdrinking4、Thisproblemissaidto_________________(discuss)twice、5、Shepretended____________(read)Englishwhentheteachercamein、tobeimproved/improvingtobereadinghavebeendiscussednottodrivetolearn不定式與高考題1、__________(sleep)lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm、(2001年北京春季高考)2、Heisthought________________(kill)inanaircrash(空難)、(2008上海秋季)3、Ihurriedtothemeetinghall,only___________(tell)thatthemeetinghadbeenputoff、(2011年高考江浙卷)4、Theplay______________(produce)nextmonthaimsmainlytoreflectthelocalculture、(2009年安徽卷)tobetoldtobeproducedTosleeptohavebeenkilled1、Itwilltakeseveralweeksforyourputer

to____________(repair)、2、Iknewhim___________________(catch)by

thepolice、3、Avoteisrequired______________(take)inourpanyatonce、4、Thismakesitpossibleforthem________(make)metalsintoanyrequiredshapes、5、Dickspedonthemotorwayonly____________(fine)、6、Whensomemoneywentmissingfromthebank,Thomaswasbelieved______________(steal)it、berepairedtohavebeencaughttobetakentomaketohavestolentobefined練習(xí)7、Ihope_______________(admit)toZhongshanUniversity、8、Thebookissaidto____________________(translate)intoseverallanguages、9、Ifeelgreatlyhonored_________________(wele)intotheirsociety、10、eon!Itisaneasysentence______________(translate)、11、WhenIcamein,hepretendedto_____________、(read)12、Allthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediately_____________(receive)intimeforChristmas、13、MrsSmithwarnedherdaughter______________(notdrive)afterdrinking、totranslatetobeweledhavebeentranslatedtobeadmittedbereadingtobereceivednottodrive14、Hearingthegoodnews,hewastooexcited____________(speak)、15、Ithappened__(rain)whenIgotthere、16、Iamterriblysorry___________(lose)yourkey、17、Iamsorry__________(say)thatheisgoingfrombadtoworse、18、Heasked______________(send)totheplacewherehewasmostneeded、19、Whathehopedwas______________(admit)intotheuniversity20、Hegottothestationonly________(find)alltheticketshadbeensoldout、21、Iamsorry________________(keep)youwaitingsolong、tospeaktoberainingtohavelosttosaytobesenttobeadmittedtofindtohavekept22、Ontheirreturnthefatheraskedhisson_________(explain)whathehadlearnt、23、Myadvisorencouragedme_________(take)asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills、24、Idon’tknowwhetheryouhappen____________