2025版高考英語總復習高考語法與寫作專題2代詞教學案外研版

PAGEPAGE1專題二代詞(一)語法講練——過學問關要點一人稱代詞、物主代詞與反身代詞1.人稱代詞(1)人稱代詞作主語用主格，作賓語、表語用賓格，但應留意以下兩種狀況：①作主語的人稱代詞假如孤立地運用于無謂語動詞的句子中，或在這種句子中與動詞不定式連用，常用賓格?！猄usan，goandjoinyoursistercleaningtheyard.—Whyme?Johnissittingtheredoingnothing.——蘇珊，去和你姐姐一起打掃院子?！獮槭裁次胰ィ考s翰坐在那里什么也沒做。(2)兩個以上的人稱代詞并列，其次序排列原則：在并列主語中，“I”總是放在最終，排列依次為：二三一(人稱)。賓格me也一樣。You,sheandIwilllbeinchargeofthecase.我、你和她三人將負責這個案件。2．物主代詞(1)形容詞性物主代詞相當于形容詞。置于名詞之前，作定語。(2)名詞性物主代詞相當于名詞，在句中作主語、表語、賓語或與of連用作定語。Iamanadmirerofyours.我是你的粉絲。3．反身代詞含有反身代詞的習慣用語devoteoneselfto致力于dressoneself自己穿衣enjoyoneself玩得興奮helponeselfto隨意吃，隨意用hideoneself把自己藏起來makeoneselfathome不受拘束saytooneself心里想seatoneself坐下teachoneself自學cometooneself復原知覺behaveoneself表現(xiàn)得體，有禮貌applyoneselfto致力于byoneself獨自地ofoneself自動地[熱點即訓]Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．(2024·全國卷Ⅲ)WhenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachother,Iwasjustgladtofind________(they)alive.[解析]考查代詞。這里用them指代上文的thegorillas。[答案]them2．(2024·浙江卷)Pahlssonscreamedsoloudlythatherdaughtercamerunningfromthehouse.“ShethoughtIhadhurt________(I)，”saysPahlsson.[解析]此處表示她以為我傷著自己了，選擇代詞時要留意代詞的功能及意義。依據(jù)句意可知，此處用反身代詞myself。當句子的主語和動詞的賓語指相同的人時，一般用反身代詞。[答案]myself3．(2024·全國卷Ⅰ)Onmyrecentvisit,Iheldalovelythreemonth－oldtwinthathadbeenrejectedby________(it)mother.[解析]句意：在我最近的一次參觀中，可愛的三個月的雙胞胎中的一個被它的媽媽遺棄了，由后面的mother可知，此處應用形容詞性物主代詞its表示所屬關系。[答案]its4．(2024·廣東卷)Nowitoccurredto________thathisfarmhadmuchpotentialandthatthedeathofthecowwasabitofluck.[解析]依據(jù)空后的“hisfarm”可知應填him。Itoccurstosb.that...“某人突然想起……”。[答案]him5．(2024·全國卷Ⅰ)Afewhoursbefore,I'dbeenathomeinHongKongwith________(it)chokingsmog.[解析]因為smog是名詞，所以須要用it的形容詞性物主代詞形式，故填its。[答案]itsⅡ.單句改錯1．(2024·全國卷Ⅱ)Theywouldsaytousthatplayingcardgameswouldhelpmybrain.____________[解析]考查代詞。此處表示“他們會對我(me)說“。[答案]us→me2．(2024·全國卷Ⅲ)Ihaddonemyselfhomework,butIwasshy.____________[解析]考查限定詞。此處特指“我的作業(yè)”，故將myself改為my/the。[答案]myself→my/the3．(2024·全國卷Ⅲ)WhenIlookatthispictureofmyself,...Thispictureoftenbringsbacktomemanyhappymemoriesofyourhighschooldays.____________[解析]此處介紹的是我的故事，因此這里應當是我中學時期的回憶，上下文的人稱應當保持一樣。[答案]your→my4．(2024·全國卷Ⅱ)Ifwegoonatripabroad,wecanbroadenyourviewandgainknowledgewecannotgetfrombooks.____________[解析]依據(jù)前面的we，故應把your改為our。[答案]your→our5．(2024·四川卷)Whenhecameback,Ifoundabunchofflowersinherhand.____________[解析]依據(jù)前面的he，故應把her改為his。[答案]her→his要點二it的用法1．指天氣、時間、距離、環(huán)境等。Ittwentymilesfromheretothevillage.(表示距離)從這里到那個村莊有20英里路。2．代替前面提過的事物?！猈hat'sinthepicture？圖畫里是什么？—Itisacat.是一只貓。3．當說話者不清晰或沒必要知道說話對象的性別時，可用it來表示。Isitaboyoragirl？是男孩還是女孩？4．用作形式主語或形式賓語，代替不定式、動名詞或從句。常用于下列句型：(1)it作形式主語的常用句型：①It＋be＋adj./n.＋(for/ofsb.)＋不定式②Itisnogood/nouse/useless/ofnousedoingsth.③It's(well)worthdoingsth.④It＋be＋名詞短語(apity/afact/nowonder/...)/adj.＋that從句⑤It＋特別動詞(seems/appears/turnedout/occurredtosb./...)＋that從句⑥It＋be＋過去分詞＋that從句⑦It＋takes＋(sb.)sometime/somemoneytodosth.(2)it作形式賓語的常用句型：①主語＋think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep/find/...＋it＋adj./n.(for/ofsb.)todo/從句②主語＋think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep/find/...＋it＋useless/worth/worthwhile/nouse/nogood/awasteoftime(money/energy...)＋doing...③主語＋think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep/find/...＋it＋important/necessary/natural/essential/clear＋that...(should)．..Itistheteachers'dutytoteachthestudents.教學生是老師的職責。Ihavemakeitclearthatnobodyisallowedtosmokehere.我已經(jīng)講得很清晰，任何人不準在這兒吸煙。5．用于like,enjoy,hate,love,appreciate等表示喜愛、情感的動詞以及dependon/upon,seeto等動詞短語后，再接when,if,that等引導的從句。I'dappreciateitifyoucouldattendourparty.假如你能參與我們的聚會，我將不勝感謝。[熱點即訓]Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．(2024·全國卷Ⅰ)Ifyouaretimepoor,youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefitsasothersports,soperhapsweshouldallgive________atry.[解析]考查固定搭配。giveitatry為固定搭配，意為“試一試”，依據(jù)語境可知，it指代running，故可填it或running。[答案]it/running2．(2024·浙江卷)Manywesternerswho/thatcomtoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheap________canbetoeatout.[解析]考查代詞。此處應用it作形式主語，真正的主語是toeatout。[答案]it3．(2024·全國卷Ⅱ)However,therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccessandwithinsixmonths,morethan25,000peoplewereusing________everyday.[解析]句意：然而，該地鐵很快被證明是巨大的勝利，在六個月內(nèi)，每天超過25000人運用它。依據(jù)語境可知，此處應用it指代文中的therailway。[答案]it4．(2024·遼寧卷)Raiseyourlegandlet________stayintheairforseconds.[解析]依據(jù)語境可知此處應當填入指代leg的代詞。[答案]it5．(2024·廣東卷)Lastyear,mybrotherandIwenttoMiamiforavacation.Someofmyfriendswhohadbeentherebeforesaid________wasawonderfulholidaydestination.[解析]從空后的“awonderfulholidaydestination”可以知道，這個地方就是Miami，用it指代前面提到的地點。[答案]itⅡ.單句改錯1．(2024·全國卷Ⅰ)Onmyrecentvisit,Iheldalivelythree－month－oldtwinthathadbeenrejectedbyitmother.____________[解析]此處應用its修飾mother，故把it改為its。[答案]it→its2．(2024·四川卷)Bythattime,thepandanolongerneededitmotherforfood.____________[解析]此處應用its修飾mother，故把it改為its。[答案]it→its3．(2024·浙江卷)Closetotheschooltherewasabeautifulparkwithmanytreesaroundthem.____________[解析]依據(jù)此處指代abeautifulpark，故應用it。[答案]them→it4．(2024·遼寧卷)Raiseyourlegandletthemstayintheairofseconds.____________[解析]依據(jù)語境可知此處指代leg的，故把them改為it。[答案]them→it5．(2024·廣東卷)Lastyear,mybrotherandIwenttoMiamiforavacation.Someofmyfriendswhohadbeentherebeforesaidthatwasawonderfulholidaydestination.____________[解析]從空后的“awonderfulholidaydestination”可以知道，這個地方就是Miami，用it指代前面提到的地點，故把that改為it。[答案]that→it要點三不定代詞1．both,all,either,any,neither,none的用法I'veboughttwobooks;youcanhaveeither.我買了兩本書，你要哪本都行。I'msorryIcan'tlendyouany(money)．對不起，我不能借給你(錢)。Noneofthismoneyismine.這筆錢沒有一點是我的。[名師指津]any表示“一些”，多用于否定句、疑問句和條件句中；用于確定句中，表示“任何的或任何一個”。Anychildcandothat.任何一個孩子都能做到。2．one,another,theother,some,others,theothers的用法Idon'tlikethishat.Pleaseshowmeanotherone.我不喜愛這頂帽子。請讓我看看另外一頂。Ihavetwobooks:oneisEnglish,andtheotherisFrench.我有兩本書，一本是英語的，另一本是法語的。Therearemanybooksonthetable.SomeareEnglish,andtheothersareChinese.桌子上有很多書。一些是英語的，其余的是漢語的。3．none,nnobody/noone,nothing的用法—Howmuchmoneydoyouhave？你有多少錢？—None.一點也沒有。Iwishedsomeonecouldhelpme,buttherewasnooneatthemoment.我希望當時有人能幫我，但當時沒有人?！猈hatareyoudoingnow？你現(xiàn)在在做什么？—Nothing.什么也沒做。[名師指津]none后面可跟of短語，而something/anything/everything/nothing和someone/anyone/everyone/noone卻不能。Noneofthemknewabouttheplanbecauseitwaskeptasecret.他們中沒有人知道那項安排，因為那還是個隱私。4．many,much,few,little,afew,alittle的用法HecanspeakalittleFrench,butheknowslittleEnglish.他能說點法語，但幾乎不懂英語。5．不定代詞用于固定搭配中nothingbut僅僅，只是anythingbut決不somethingof有幾分，略微orsomething諸如此類的人或物allbut幾乎，差不多everyotherday每隔一天eachother(兩者)相互oneanother(三者或三者以上)相互[熱點即訓]Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．(2024·浙江卷改編)Inmanyways,theeducationsystemintheUSisnotverydifferentfrom________intheUK.[解析]that用來替代theeducationsystemintheUS。[答案]thatⅡ.單句改錯1．(2024·全國卷Ⅱ)Itdoesnotcostmany,yetwecanstilllearnalot.____________[解析]此處表示花費多少錢，故用much，所以要把many改為much。[答案]many→much2．(2024·全國卷Ⅲ)AtfirstIthoughtIkneweverythingandcouldmakedecisionsbymyself.However,myparentsdidn'tseemtothinksuch.____________[解析]thinkso“認為這樣”，故把such改為so。[答案]such→so3．(2024·陜西卷)Iwantedtodoanythingspecialforhimathisretirementparty.____________[解析]一般來說some(thing)用于確定句，any(thing)用于疑問句和否定句。[答案]anything→something4．(2024·四川卷)It'sbeenthreeSaturdaysnowanditreallycostsmemany.____________[解析]many代替可數(shù)名詞，much代替不行數(shù)名詞。[答案]many→much5．(2024·浙江卷)Dadlosthosjob,andasMomexplained,“Hewasluckytofindotherone.”____________[解析]表示“兩者中的另一個”用theother，而表示“(三者以上)另外的一個”用another。[答案]other→another(二)語法寫作——過應用關代詞在書面表達中的增分點[增分技法]運用好代詞，寫出正確美麗句子。①在我看來，我們學生應當遵守學校制度，做學校讓我們做的事情。Inmyopinion,westudentsshouldobeytheregulationsofourschool,anddowhateverourschoolaskustodo.②在冬季，北京的天氣比廣州的天氣冷得多。Inwinter,theweatherofBeijingismuchcolderthanthatofGuangzhou.[巧用增分]①張老師是一位特別受人敬重的老師，一位我們余生都不會遺忘的老師。(amostrespected,one,fortherestofourlives)Mr._Zhang_is_a_most_respected_teacher,_one_we'll_never_forget_for_the_rest_of_our_lives.②每個人都應關切環(huán)境。我們中的每一個人都應當為愛護環(huán)境做出貢獻。(everyone，careabout,theenvironment,everyone,makeacontributionto)Everyone_should_care_about_the_environment_and_every_one_of_us_should_make_a_cont_ribution_to_protecting_it.③一些人支持這個觀點，然而，其他人反對它。(infavorof,stronglyagainst)Some_are_in_favor_of_the_idea;_however,_others_are_strongly_against_it.④你盡可放心，他明天會按時來的，因為他是世界上最值得信任的人。(dependonit，turnup,reliable)You_can_depend_on_it_that_he_will_turn_up_on_time_tomorrow,_because_he_is_the_most_reliable_person_in_the_world.[專題過關訓練]Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．(2024·遼寧沈陽二中模擬)WhenteaandcoffeewerefirstintroducedtoEuropeinthe18thcentury,peoplehaddifferentideasabout________(they)use.[答案]their2．________isimportanttothinkaboutthepeopleofadestinationcountryandhowtourismaffectsthem.[答案]It3．Yesterdayevening,justbeforedusk,Ispottedapigeonbadlytiedupwithasharpstring,hittingthewallandthetreebranches,tofree________(he)fromthekitestring.[答案]himself4．(2024·福建龍海二中模擬)Manysinglessaytheregulardatingscenehasjustledthemfromonebadexperienceto________andarereadytotrysomethingelse.[答案]another5．(2024·陜西教學質(zhì)量檢測)Allofushavereadthrillingstories.Inmanyof________(they)theyherohadonlyalimitedandspecifiedtimetolive.[答案]them6．(2024·湖南雅禮中學模擬)Whenwelookatsomeone,maybeeven________(us),weseetheexternalclay.[答案]ourselvesⅡ.單句改錯1．(2024·蕪湖模擬)At10：00,weputonperformances,likesinginganddancing.Thentheyplayedgamestogether！____________[答案]they→we2．(2024·洛陽統(tǒng)考)MyfatheristhemanIrespectmost.Strictashemaybe,heneverfailstoshowhercareandconsideration.____________[答案]her→his3．About36%ofthemarefondofsurfingtheInternet,whichhelpshimknowaboutthelatestnewsandcurrentaffairsintheworld.____________[答案]him→them4．(2024·攀枝花模擬)Finally,weputthefigurines(面人)wemadethemonthetableandtookpictureswiththeoldcraftsman.____________[答案]去掉them5．(2024·廣東六校聯(lián)考)Itispossiblethatsomeofwemayhaveabrotherorsister.____________[答案]we→us6．(2024·湖北八校聯(lián)考)Yesterday,oneofmyfavoritestampswaslost,whichmademereallyupset.Ilookedforiteverywhereandaskedeverybodyintheroom,butstillcouldn'tfindthem.____________[答案]them→itⅢ.寫作訓練1．運用語法寫靚句①(2024·北京卷書面表達)“長江之行”和“泰山之旅”這兩條旅行線路都值得舉薦。(trip,recommend)____________________________________②(2024·天津卷書面表達)我寫信告知你最近我生活和學習的一些事。(recent)____________________________________③一些人支持這個觀點，然而，其他人劇烈反對它。(infavorof,stronglyagainst)____________________________________④在我看來，我們學生應當遵守學校制度，做學校讓我們做的事情。(inone'sopinion,obey,whatever)____________________________________⑤你告知我你是否便利好嗎？(convenient)____________________________________⑥張老師是一位特別受人敬重的老師，一位我們一輩子都不會遺忘的老師。(most,respected,one,fortherestofourlives)____________________________________[答案]①OfthetwotripstotheYangtzeRiverandMountTai,botharehighlyrecommended.②I'mwritingtotellyousomethingaboutmylifeandstudyinrecentdays.③Someareinfavoroftheidea;however,othersarestronglyagainstit.④Inmyopinion,westudentsshouldobeytheregulationsofourschool,anddowhateverourschoolasksustodo.⑤Wouldyoutellmeifit'sconvenientforyou?⑥Mr.Zhangisamostrespectedteacher,onewe'llneverforgetfortherestofourlives.2．語法填空(2024·鄭州模擬)Flyingcarsmaysoonbecomea①____________(real).TherideshareserviceUberhasasked②____________expertfromNASA,theAmericanspaceagency,③____________(help)thecompanydevelopcarsthatcanfly.Uberplanstouseflyingvehicles④____________thefuturetoavoidtrafficinandaroundcities.Thecompanywantstousesmall,totallyelectricaircraft,⑤____________couldtakeoffandlandlikeahelicopterontopofparkinggarages.Ubersaiditsflyingvehicleswouldbemuch⑥____________(quiet),costlesstooperateandproducelesspollutionthanhelicopters.OnepersoninSanFrancisco⑦____________(write)onTwitter,“Iusedtothinkthattheflyingcarwasaridiculousidea.⑧____________changedmymindthismorningwhenIsatinheavytraffic.”AnotherpersonaddedfromMumbai,India:“l(fā)'mreadingaboutUber⑨____________(hire)aNASAengineertobuildflyingcars,whileI'mstuckintraffic.Thereishope.”Theexpertpredictstherewillbeseveralearlymodelsofcarsthatcan'tfly⑩____________(they)butwithhumanpilotswithinonetothreeyears.[答案]①reality②an③tohelp④in⑤which⑥quieter⑦wrote⑧But⑨hiring⑩themselves3．短文改錯(2024·棗莊模擬)Itismygrandfather'seightybirthdaytoday.Asusual,allmyfamilygottogethertocelebratehim.Weboughthimalotofpresent,andmyfatherpreparedabigbirthdaycake.Atthedinnerparty,wesingtheHappyBirthdaysong.Hemadeawishhappybeforeheblewthecandiesout.Withasurprisegift,Icookedadishforhim.AsIhadnevercookedbefore,hewassosurprisedthatthedishwasserve