翻譯理論與實(shí)踐教案

適用年級(jí)：商務(wù)英語(yǔ)專業(yè)本科三年級(jí)#TimeNeeded:Twoperiods(401.Helpthestudentsachieveabasicunderstandingoftranslatclassification,evaluationcriteria,theroleoftranslator,etc.2.Thedifficultiesinvolvedintranslatisourcelanguage(SL)/receptorlanguage/targetlareproduce;message/information;equivalence/correspondence2.Natureoftranslation(Eugeneb.Humantranslation/machinetranslc.Literary/scientific/political/d.Domestication(naturalization)/foreignizatione.Literaltranslation/freetranslation1.嚴(yán)復(fù)：信、達(dá)、雅(faith似4.EugeneA.Nida:natural/close;dynamic/functionalequivalenC.Whatdifficultiesmightoccurintranslatingprocess?distantbothintimeandspace;(2)itsformisverymuc2 ButI,amaid,diemaiden—RomeoandJuliet譯文1:他要借你做牽引相思的橋梁e.g.crocodile'stears;scieII.TheRoleofTransla1.Acourierofthehumanspirits(普希金)2.Asculptorwhotriestorecreateaworkofpainting5.Traduttori-traditori(Translatorsaretraitors.)B.Responsibilityoftranslator:II.TheDevelopmentofT3bysophisticatedmode#TimeNeeded:Twoperiods(40minutes2.Brieflyanalyzetheinfluence.g.Itisapity,however,thatDr.Thlessonthathistoryoffersu5e.g.Doubtsbegantocreepintopeople'oftheproject.e.g.ItjuststruckmethatIstilloweyoufortprosperityandstabilityafteritC.Subject-Prominent(主語(yǔ)句)vs.Topic-Prominent(主題句)2)IregarditasanhonorthatIam2.Cigaretteswerethedea3.IfthemanwhowasseentotakeanumbrellafromtheSundayeveningdoesnotwishtogetintotrouble,hewillreturn4.Ifyouconferabenefit,neverrememberit;ifyoureceiveone,rememberit6.Theyhadnorunningwaterwheretconveniencesoflifesresultinseriousdiseaseifcertainimportantelementsaremissi9.Bytheendofthewar,800peopleacostof200BelgianandFrenchli1.你既然沾上了手，就得干下去。(形象化)2.香煙斷送了我的性命。(靜一動(dòng))6詞)9.大戰(zhàn)結(jié)束時(shí)，這個(gè)組織拯救了800人，但那是以200多比利時(shí)人和法國(guó)7k#TimeNeeded:Twoperiods(402.BrieflyanalyzetheinfluenceA.Wordmeaninge.g.mascon,cosplay→atendencyoftranslatability(e.g.bar,dia.Polysemy(一詞多義)b.Homonymy(同形/同音異義)e.g.readymoney/pocketmoney/easymoney/hardmoney8人他是1980年5月27日在羅馬出生的。/他于1980年5月27日出A.Transformationofsecompletionoftheconstructionjobhehadbeenengagedininthe9PK臺(tái)-PleasefindthefullwordofPKanditsoriginalmeaning.-AttheendofthePPT,putinthesourceofyourknowledgeandthenamesofB.TranslatethefollowingparaItseemedapointscoredforhersidebuttheevidencecouldnotbedestroyed;agaspsofintake,whileeveryonerummagedthroughVaseline,butter,toothpaste-anythingforanurgent.Motherhadatinybottleof tleofLesson:TransferofWordMeaningk#TimeNeeded:Twoperiods(403.Amplificationofwordmeani2.AmplificationofwordmeaningIII.ChoiceofWordingMeanings(詞義的選擇)c.Wecovered400kminthref.She'scoveringtheg.I'mgoingtothedoctor'stomorrowsodoh.Willf50coveryourj.Ithinkmoresingershavecovered“Yesterday”thananyothersong.k.We'vegotalltheexitscovered,sc.三個(gè)小時(shí)我們趕了400公里路。2.back:b.Shebackedthecaroutofthenarrowroad.e.Ourcathasbrokenoneofherbacklegs.f.Whenyouhavedonewiback.e.g.exercise:exerciseoptions(行使選擇權(quán));exerciseresponsibility(履行責(zé)任);exerciseinfluence(施加影響)andgreensIV.CommendatorySenseorDerogatorySense(詞義的褒貶)A.Theworditselfhascommendatorysenseorderogatorysense2.Hisnotorietyasarakedi3.Thetaskscarriedoutbythemarepraiseworthy.4.HenrykeepsboastingthathehastalkedtothePB.Theworditselfisneutra1.Thosewhodonotremember2.Hewasamanofintegrity,butunfortunatC.Theworditselfhasbothcommendatorysense3.HitlercarriedoutanaggressivepolicA.虛實(shí)引申e.g.DuringthemeetingB.術(shù)語(yǔ)移用我認(rèn)為自己是個(gè)動(dòng)詞(獨(dú)立而富于行動(dòng));而不是個(gè)人稱代詞(從屬C.邏輯引申whatasuitofclothingcosts,howlongyoucankeepthebutcherwaiting.Findthedifferentmeaningofthesichain鏈條；連鎖店charity救濟(jì)金；施舍物；寬大cords燈心絨褲damage損害expectations前程，成功的前景地平線眼界，見識(shí)責(zé)任；不利條件負(fù)債，債務(wù)peanut很少的錢possibility可能性possibilities發(fā)展前途；潛在價(jià)值proceeds(貨款)收益，收入refreshment精神爽快refreshments茶點(diǎn)，點(diǎn)心sanction批準(zhǔn)，認(rèn)可#TitleofLesson:ConvertingWeek#TimeNeeded:Twoperiods(40minutesperperiod)3.Nounswithsuffix“-er”donotalway4.Nounsastheprinciplepartofafixedexpression(作為習(xí)語(yǔ)主體的名詞)aware,careful,cautious,certain,concerned,confident,deignorant,glad,grateful,sorry,suree.g.Thedesignaimsatautomaticoperation,easy形式)A.NounsConvertedintoAdjectives(a/an+n.)2.Thelanguageofthepoemiscolloquial,yetit'sdeepinitsunderstandingof4.Traditionally,therehadalwaysbeengoodrelationsbetweenthem.uldsendthememorif6.Itisimpossibletoliveinsociety7.ThelecturewascalledThieves,andwasademonstrationth9.Sheskimmedoverthelawn,upthep3.有獨(dú)立見解的觀察家們對(duì)你們?cè)谶@方面取得的成就給予了積極的評(píng)價(jià)。5.難怪老一輩的人見了這個(gè)就會(huì)想起36年前的往事。(n.→v.)8.年輕的學(xué)者吃著簡(jiǎn)單的飯食，住在寒冷的茅屋，靠著昏暗的燈光，長(zhǎng)時(shí)間9.她輕盈地越過(guò)草地，跑上小道，跨上臺(tái)階，穿過(guò)涼臺(tái)，走進(jìn)了門廊。Itis,perhaps,noaccidentthatmanyoftheoutstandingfiguresofthepastwereexceptionallyversatilemen.Rightupuntilcomforanintelligentpersontoacquainthimselfwithalmosteverybranchofknowledge.careersatonceasamatterofcourse.DaVinciwassobusywiinventionsthathebarelyfoundthetimetocompletehispaRenaissanceidealofthe“universalman”,themanwhowasToday,werarely,ifever,hearthatamusicianhasjustinventedanewtypeofnarrowly-definedcompartments.Thespeciworldofhighly-skilled“experts”whohavehadtodevotethegreaterpartoftheirlivestoaverylimitedfieldofstudyinordertocompeteWiththishighdegreeofspecialization,thefrontbeingpushedbackmorerapidlythaneverbefore.Buwithoutconsiderablecost.Thescientist,whooutsidehisownbarelyawareofthetremendousstridesthathavebeenmadeintechnology.Similarly,specializationhasindirectlyaffectedquactivitieswhichwereoncepursuedfortheirowntheyrequiretechniques,theexpertstellus,whichtakealife-timetomaster.Littlebylittle,wearebecomingmorimpossibletotalktoyourneighborabouthisjob,evenifheisengagedinroughlythesameworkasyouare.Tthemosteminentscientistsinthecountry.Yetitisevenhere,asoneofitsFellowsputatalectureunderstand50%ofwhatisbeingsaid!多面手非但不受人欽佩，反而常常遭到懷疑。當(dāng)今的世界是精通專業(yè)的“專家”呢?秀的科學(xué)家。然而，令人深感不安的是，正如它的是在這里舉辦一次講座，也只有10%的會(huì)員能夠聽懂其中50%的內(nèi)容!#TitleofLesson:Adding#TimeNeeded:Twoperiods(403.Addingwordswhichindicatetheplura5.Addingwordswhichsuggestthetextual/socialc2.Addingwordswhichindicatethetense3.Addingwordswhichsuggestthetextual/socialcoII.Abriefintroductionofaddinge.g.Therewerenospeeches,noforeigndiplomats,no“ordinarye.g.Afterthebanquets,thece.g.I'mreallybusythismorning:2classes,ameeting,andaninterview.e.g.Whataday/life!—多么(熱/冷/難熬/幸福/悲慘)的一天/生活啊!—那個(gè)小女孩照顧她的年邁的母親是多么地細(xì)心周到啊!一人群漸漸地散去了?！婚_講，就滔滔不絕地講個(gè)沒(méi)完。一起床后她難道不洗漱(洗臉?biāo)⒀?嗎?e.g.Hesometimesforgetstowashbefor—他有時(shí)忘記洗腳就上床睡覺(jué)。一她日復(fù)一日地做著同樣的家務(wù)：洗衣服，拖地板，做飯。一這臺(tái)收音機(jī)真是物美價(jià)廉。一她是個(gè)性格復(fù)雜的人：喜怒無(wú)常，多愁善感，疑神疑鬼。e.g.Afterallpreparati—一切準(zhǔn)備工作就緒后，運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)開始了。thesummerof1969,thegovernmentpubliclyurgedf—一九六九年夏天，政府公開主張緩和與中國(guó)的緊張關(guān)系?！械叫刂杏科鹆艘还蓯蹏?guó)熱情。e.g.Heallowedthefathertobeoverruledbythejudge,anddeclaredhis—法官的職責(zé)戰(zhàn)勝了父子之情，他最終判決自己的兒子有罪。VII.Addingwordswhichindicatethepluralform漢語(yǔ)中名詞的復(fù)數(shù)沒(méi)有詞型變化，很多情況下不必表達(dá)出來(lái)，但要表達(dá)諸位或獨(dú)立使用“大家”;表達(dá)事物的復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)可用“若干”等。此外，英語(yǔ)名詞復(fù)數(shù)漢譯時(shí)還可根據(jù)情況，增加重疊詞、數(shù)詞或其他一些詞來(lái)表達(dá)，以提高修辭效果。A.增加重疊詞表示復(fù)數(shù)e.g.Flowersbloominthefields.一朵朵鮮花開滿原野。e.g.Everysummer,touristsgot一一到夏季，旅游者紛紛涌到海濱城市。千山，千難萬(wàn)險(xiǎn))等；還有些詞，如、群、眾、歷、叢等也表示數(shù)量e.g.Thecrowdmadeawayforhim.一眾人給他閃開了一條道。e.g.Iboughtanewbikeyesterday.一我昨天買了一輛新自行車。e.g.Shallwehavearest?一我們休息一下好嗎?X.Addingauxiliarywordswhichindicateth表達(dá)原文的修辭色彩。e.g.Don'ttakeitsoseriou一不要當(dāng)真嘛!我不過(guò)是跟你開玩笑罷了。e.g.Asforme,Ihavenothingtosay.—我呢，也沒(méi)有什么可說(shuō)的了。—這是你的書嗎?—Yes,itis.一是我的。e.g.—what?Don'tyoulovehim?—Yes,ofcourseIdo.—什么?難道你不愛他?—我當(dāng)然愛他!B.排比句e.g.“Readingmakethafullexactman...”—“讀書使人充實(shí)，討論使人機(jī)智，筆記使人準(zhǔn)讀書》王佐良譯)C.比較句e.g.Betterbewisebythedefe.g.ThevillagersareasreadytolooD.隱含條件句e.g.AtthetimeofKennedy'sassassi一肯尼迪遇刺時(shí)，人們認(rèn)為，假如他再任一屆總統(tǒng)的話，大概不是功高蓋世，就是禍國(guó)殃民。e.g.ButwithoutAdolfHitler,therealmostcertainlywoXII.Addingwordswhichindice.g.InApril,therewasthe“ping”heardaro“ponged”.如只照原文譯出“四月份，全世界聽到乒的一聲；七月里，這乒聲乓了一下。”讀者肯定不知所云。根據(jù)中美建交的背景知識(shí)，把這段外交史話譯為：英漢語(yǔ)中都有概括詞。對(duì)應(yīng)譯成總之等等即可。但有時(shí)英語(yǔ)句子中e.g.Theforeignminis一中、俄、日、美四國(guó)外長(zhǎng)在東京會(huì)晤。e.g.ChinaiswillingtoexchangeviewsXIV.Addinglinkingwordse.g.Yes,helikesfootball.Lotsofpeopledothesedays.Sort—你犯了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤，而且還是個(gè)嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。A.PresentationTask:translatethefollowingsenten2.Airpressuredecreaseswithaltitu4.Accordingtoscientists,ittakesnature500yearstocre6.Courageinexcessbecomes7.Hebecomesextremelyexcmountains,waters,flowers,plants,fishesandbirds.B.Translatethefollowingpassages:ownhistory,orforwardintoit.Thateveningwhenyouwentfyourfaithfulfriend,thefriendfromwhomyonothing!Youwere,intruth,somewhatinclinedtohidefromhimtheparticularmatterwhichmonopolizedyourmindthatevening,butsomehowasyourfaithfulfriendwassympathewhisper:Myboy,sheissimplymiraculous!thedomainofliterature.象(提示),僅此而已(再多就辦不到了)。我就試著給大家提供這么一個(gè)印#TitleofLesson:Cutting#TimeNeeded:Twoperiods(40minutesperperiod)e.g.Butit'sthewayIam,andtryasImighte.g.Beforehandinginyourtranslation,youhavetoreade.g.Fortwoweeks,hehadbeenD.CuttingthepronounincomparativesentE.Cutting“it”A)Cutting“it”asimpersonalpronounII.Cuttingconjun一離別不是件容易的事(離別真叫人難受),我們還是簡(jiǎn)短些吧。e.g.Ifwintercomes,cansprin一冬天來(lái)了，春天還會(huì)遠(yuǎn)嗎?(雪萊《西風(fēng)頌》)—早知如此我就不說(shuō)了。e.g.Atlonglast,onJundecidedandHitlerlicked,the—1944年6月6日，歐洲戰(zhàn)局基本已見分曉，希特勒敗局已定，—夜晚11點(diǎn)，戰(zhàn)役打響了。(比較：戰(zhàn)役在夜晚11點(diǎn)打響。)—?dú)鈮旱?，沸點(diǎn)就低。他妹妹是個(gè)(女)演員。thosewhohadnot.—報(bào)考大學(xué)的人，有工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)的將優(yōu)先錄取。1.ButHumboldtnevertooktotheplentyoffoodanddrinkandalltheworkdoneforthembytheasHumboldtwasconcerned,theyonlydidhimonepositivestookhislettersandsawthattheywpresentlyhaditseffectonthem.Theytalkednotonlywithout3.Despitetheprivation,andthemountingtollofdeadandwou4.Shecurtseyedagain,andwouldhaveblusheddeeper,ifshecouldhaveblusheddeeperthanshehadblushedallthe6.Thesedevelopingcountriescovervastterritoriespopulationandaboundinnaturalresour7.TheministerwishednoWhoeverhasmadeavoyageuptheHudsonmustrememberthekaatskillMountains.Theyareadismemawaytothewestoftheriver,surroundingcountry.Everychangeofseason,everychanghouroftheday,producessomechangeinthemagicalhuesandshapesofthesemountains,andtheyareregardedbyallthegoodwivesfarandnearabarometers.Whentheweatherisfairandsettled,tandprinttheirboldoutlinesonthecleareveningsky;butsometimeswhenthelandscapeiscloudless,theywillgatherahoodofgrayvaporsaboutthewhich,inthelastraysoftheseAtthefootofthesefairymountains,thevoyagermayhavedescribedthelightsmokecurlingupfromavillagewhosesingle-roofsgleamamongthetreethebluetintsoftheuplandmeltawayintothefreshgreenofthenearerlandscape.Itisalittlevillageofgreatantiquity,havingbeenintheearlytimesoftheprovince,justaboutthebeginningofthegovernmentofthegoodPeterStuyvesant(mayherestinpeace!),andthereweresomeofthehousesoftheoriginalsettlersstandingwithinafewyears,builtofsmallyellowbricfromHolland,havinglatticedwi造的，格子窗，人字門墻(正面是山形墻),屋頂裝著風(fēng)向標(biāo)(風(fēng)信雞)。#TitleofLesson:Repeating#TimeNeeded:Twoperiods(Introducetothestudentsoneofthetranslatingmethods:repeating.Repeatingforthesakeofexplicit#DifficultTeachingThetranslationof“n.+substitute”與寫作一樣，本應(yīng)精練；但為明確、強(qiáng)調(diào)和生動(dòng)，往往需要將一些關(guān)鍵詞加以重I.Forthesakeofexplicitness有些詞在英語(yǔ)中無(wú)需重復(fù)，可是譯成漢語(yǔ)就必須e.g.Gas,oilandelecA.RepetitionofNoune.g.JackkickedtheballtoHenryandHenrykickeditbacktoJack.—杰克把球踢給亨利，亨利又(把球)踢回給杰克。e.g.Strikingthroughtheneitherignorenorunde—有一個(gè)聲音響了起來(lái)，刺穿了他對(duì)親人的思念。這聲音他既不能充耳不聞，又不能領(lǐng)會(huì).....他不知這聲音是什么,到底來(lái)自e.g.OurlabisinBuil—我們的實(shí)驗(yàn)室在四號(hào)樓，他們的實(shí)驗(yàn)室在主樓。e.g.Myroomislighterthan—我的屋子比隔壁的屋子亮。e.g.Ifyouneedanymoremoney,youmuse.g.ThebestwatchesarethosemadeinSwitzerland.—最好的表是e.g.“Ithoughttheactingwassplendid.”“SodidI” “我認(rèn)為表演好極了。我也這樣認(rèn)為。”e.g.He'llcomeifhesaidso.—如果他說(shuō)要來(lái)，他就會(huì)來(lái)?！掠涗浐托掳l(fā)明不斷產(chǎn)生。B.RepetitionofVerbe.g.Isheafriendoranenemy?—他是—他們談到他的家庭，(談到)他的工作，還談到他的前程。e.g.Whoeverbreaksthelawshouldbepunished.—誰(shuí)犯法，誰(shuí)就該受到—你什么時(shí)候有空，就什么時(shí)候過(guò)來(lái)聊聊。*英語(yǔ)中常用some...andothers.../some...others結(jié)構(gòu)，漢譯時(shí)常用謂e.g.OnSundays,somereviewtheir一星期天，有的復(fù)習(xí)功課，有的去逛街。(星期天，復(fù)習(xí)功課的復(fù)習(xí)功課，逛街的逛街。)e.g.In1974,wegraduatedfrom—1974年，我們高中畢業(yè)。有的上大學(xué)去了，有的參軍了，我則回村做了教師。II.Forthesakeofem為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，英語(yǔ)中往往重復(fù)關(guān)鍵詞，以使讀者加深印象。漢譯時(shí)可以采用同樣手段。A.英文中有重復(fù)的詞，譯文也重復(fù)同樣的詞e.g.Gentlemenmaycrypeace,peace,-butthereisnopeace.一先生們盡管高喊和平，和平，但是依然沒(méi)有和平。closertovictory.”—“我們一天天逼近巴格達(dá)，我們一天天接近勝利?！眅.g.Bloodmustatoneforblood.—血債要用血來(lái)還。e.g.Prominentamongthemostprominentuponthemostprominentbook—在最顯眼的書架上最顯眼的書籍中最顯眼的要數(shù)12卷的不列顛百科全書了。B.英文中有重復(fù)的詞，譯文則使用不同的重復(fù)詞e.g.Shewouldreadandre-readtheletter.—她會(huì)把那封信一遍又一遍地—他們的生意蒸蒸日上/越做越大/越做越紅火。英語(yǔ)原文中即使沒(méi)有詞的重復(fù)，翻譯時(shí)為使譯文生動(dòng)，有時(shí)也采用一些重復(fù)歲年年人不同、尋尋覓覓，凄凄慘慘戚戚等。還有一種迭詞，如把清楚說(shuō)成清清楚楚，明白說(shuō)成明明白白等。英譯漢時(shí)，可運(yùn)用e.g.Eyeforeye,toothfore.g.Outofsight,outofmind.—眼不見，心不念。2.Watercanbedecomposedbyenergy,acurrentof5.Thespaceprobepassedwithin6,000milesofMarsandtransmittedbackto6.JohnismoreEnglishth7.Thatfellowisworsetwasnotfromsnobbery,atleastnotfromsnobberyofthemostdirtwoandahalfyearsCarterhadbeeninthearmyhehadcometohatandprivilegedinarmylife.Tenormoussandwichinonehand,andabottleofbeerintheother,sCarterhadbeenonthevergeofthrowinghisfoodintoacook'theservingline.Hisangecasualheavythumpoftheservingspoonintohisplate,ortheresentfulconvictionthatthecookwasnotservinghimenough.Simarriage,thisrageoverapparentlyharmlessdetailswasnotasignofunbalance.Everysoldierfoundsomeparticularhabitofthearmyspouseimp4.現(xiàn)在，雷達(dá)是一種常用的東西，利用雷達(dá)可以5.太空探測(cè)器在不到六千英里處飛過(guò)了火星，并把火星表面的一些照片發(fā)6.約翰是地地道道的英國(guó)人(約翰比英國(guó)人還象英國(guó)人)。7.那家伙壞得不能再壞了(壞透了)。8.書有種種，好壞不一。炊事兵越來(lái)越反感。對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)，他們的存在是部隊(duì)生活里一切腐敗、專橫、愚蠢和特權(quán)的象征。一想到炊事兵，腦子里就浮現(xiàn)出一個(gè)(腦子里浮現(xiàn)出來(lái)的炊事兵形象是個(gè))肥頭大耳的家伙，一手拿一大塊三明治，一手拎一瓶啤酒，豬似的肥幫家伙，我可沒(méi)那么多閑工夫!(利索點(diǎn)，小子，我可不想整天都耗在這兒!)”跡象，每個(gè)士兵都會(huì)在部隊(duì)這個(gè)配偶(這另一半)身上發(fā)現(xiàn)某種叫人難以忍受的#TitleofLesson:Negat#TimeNeeded:Twoperiods(40minutesperperiod)一我沒(méi)有得到這樣一—第一批炸彈沒(méi)有擊e.g.Timeiswhatwewantmost,what,alas,manyuseworst.(ad.)e.g.Theplanisnotfinal.(a.)e.g.Whatyou'vesaidisaboveme.(prep.)—你說(shuō)的我不懂。相對(duì))—這個(gè)解釋遠(yuǎn)不能令人滿意。e.g.Morehaste,lessspeed.—欲速則不達(dá)。e.g.Hitler'sundisguisedefforttopersecutetheJewsmete.g.Don'tlosetimeinpostingthisletter.e.g.Students,withnoexception,aree.g.Inevergopasttheh—知識(shí)和實(shí)踐越多越好。II.Affirmative/NegativeBothApplicablee.g.Thereisnotanyadvantagewithoutdisadvantage.population,whichmeaboth...note.g.Butyousee,webothcannotgo.1.Asaresult,manypeopleavoidedtheveryatte2.Itwillgenerallybefoundt4.BeforeIcouldgetinaword,heha7.Whenwereadwemayvisitthemostbeautifulp8.Thethoughtofreturningtohisnativelandneverdesertedhim.9.ItalsoincludesaltheBritishParliamentandofThatcher3.我才不想帶著兩個(gè)孩子，開車趕500英里的路。#TitleofLesson:Dividing&CombiningWeek#TimeNeeded:Twoperiods(Introducetothestudentsthetranslatingmethodsofdividingandcombining.2)TranslationofLoTranslationoflongsentencese.g.ChairmanMaomighthavespokenwithunderstandableprideofhispolicyof“self-reliance”.(a.)—一眼就能看出，那家伙是頭老狐貍。e.g.Amovieofhimleavingthefoxholewouldlooklikeashe—他離開掩體的動(dòng)作要是拍成電影的話，會(huì)象出膛的子彈。e.g.Theirpowerincreasedwiththeirnumber.—他們?nèi)藬?shù)增加了，實(shí)力也隨之增強(qiáng)。e.g.AnotherGulfWarintheregionwouldc—如果海灣地區(qū)再次發(fā)生戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，勢(shì)必使國(guó)際局勢(shì)更加緊張。e.g.Hehadmadeseveralattemptstohelpt—他試過(guò)幾次要幫他們逃出去，但都沒(méi)有成功。e.g.Asauniversallyacceptedlaw,energycanneitherbec—能量既不能被創(chuàng)造也不能被毀滅，這是一條公認(rèn)的規(guī)律。e.g.Thecookturnedpalee.g.Theyremarkednowhetookadifferentseatfromthatwhichoccupiedwhenhechosetoattenddi—往常做禮拜時(shí)，他總是坐在固定的座位上，可是那天他們發(fā)現(xiàn)他—她出生在中國(guó)北方一個(gè)沿海的小鎮(zhèn)。—我們對(duì)她的贊揚(yáng)不僅僅是出于禮貌。II.TranslationofLongSentencese.g.InthespiritoffranknesswhichIhopewillcharacterizeourtalksweek,letusrecognizeattheoutsetthesepointhepastbeenenemies.Wehavegreatdifferencestoday.Whatbringsustogetheristhatwehavecommoninterestswhichtranscendthese—我希望我們?cè)诒局艿臅?huì)談將會(huì)是坦率的。讓我們本著這種坦率的passengerstotheirdeaths,hasb一白星公司的郵輪泰坦尼克號(hào)在1912年的處女航中因撞上冰山而requiredlabour,tensofthousandsofhomelessandhungryagriculturalsearchofwork,anywork,underanycondit—于是，就出現(xiàn)了這樣的情況：正當(dāng)新辦的工廠紛紛成立、需要只要讓他們活得下去就行(不讓他們餓死就行)?！覀兘?jīng)常看到關(guān)于芝加哥街頭槍戰(zhàn)的驚險(xiǎn)故事，卻忘記了在一些e.g.Suddenlyheseesas 忽然他發(fā)現(xiàn)女主人露出一種奇怪的表情(臉色異常),兩眼直愣e.g.Now,aroughstrategicbalancehasevolvedbetweenEastandWest.Morenationshavethetechnicalabilitytoproduceadvancedweapons.Manyothershaveamassedhuge—現(xiàn)在，東西方之間大體上已形成了戰(zhàn)略均勢(shì)。越來(lái)越多的國(guó)家擁time.”Richardson,whoservedasbothSHealth,EducationandWelfareduriconclusionlastweekaftersixyeawantedhimshotasaYankeespy,butthecoat,whohadseeminglydroppedf3.WereceivedthetrophyfromthehandsofthePresidentoftheRepublicofMexico,GustavoDiazOrdaz,andwegaveanOlympicmar4.ButwithoutAdolfHitler,whowaspossessedofademoniacpersonality,agranitewill,uncannyinstinctsuccess,beoverreachsituations,therealmostcertainlywouldneverhavebeen2.說(shuō)不定他是來(lái)自外太空的生物也未可知哩。這家伙也不知是從哪兒憑空杯，然后在巨大的體育場(chǎng)內(nèi)繞場(chǎng)一周。一路上五冷酷無(wú)情的心腸、非凡的智力、高超的想象力以及對(duì)人和局勢(shì)驚人的判斷力只是到了最后，他被權(quán)力和勝利沖昏了頭腦，失去了這種判斷#TitleofLesson:CohesionWeek#TimeNeeded:Twoperiods(40#TeachingObjectives:Brieflyintroducethemeansofachiev#DifficultTeachingLinkingbygrammatiunityratherthanacasualcombinatwithitseverypartlinkinguplogically,thetranslatormustgivehis/considerationtothecoherenceofthewholetext,firstlyintermsynonymous,antonymous,supplementary,part-and-wholeanddividedbyHolidayandHassawnintotwokinds:collocation(同現(xiàn)關(guān)系)andreiteration(復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系).Thetranslatormustchoosetheproperwordintranslationwhichcanfaithfullyreflectitsrelationshipwithotherwordsint詞匯銜接指通過(guò)詞的重復(fù)、同義、反義、互補(bǔ)語(yǔ)義連貫。韓禮德和哈桑把詞匯銜接關(guān)系分為兩大類A.Collocation(同現(xiàn)關(guān)系)Themostcommonformofcollocationistheemploymentofwordchain-aseriesofwordswiththeirmeaningcloselyrelatingto在同現(xiàn)關(guān)系中，詞匯鏈?zhǔn)且环N常用的銜接手e.g.CaptainWeston,whohadbofthebargain,forwhenhiswifedied,afterathreeyears'marriage,hewasratherapoorermanthanatfirst,andwithach—許多人，尤其是邱吉爾夫婦，曾經(jīng)認(rèn)為魏斯吞上尉的婚姻是驚人言(例如makeagoodmatch應(yīng)理解為找到好對(duì)象),這與全篇的B.Reiteration(復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系)e.g.Duringalltheyearsoname,thatworldonwhichIknowon害，以及我對(duì)這個(gè)世界的仇恨表現(xiàn)得淋漓盡致。而譯者卻忽視詞復(fù)現(xiàn)(它、天下),如此處理淡化了world的復(fù)現(xiàn)鏈接，這樣一e.g.IreadhisProgressandPoverty,andwenttoameetingofHyndman'sMarxistDemocraticFederation,whereIroseandprotestedagainstitsdrawingaredherringacrossthetrailblazedbyGeorge.I—我看了他的《進(jìn)步與貧窮》,又去參加海德門的馬克思主義組seen,aflavortasted,a部分可以改譯為：聲音必須聽到過(guò)，顏色必須看到過(guò)，滋味必須嘗到worldandwhichbringstogetherinitsranks,initsforwardmarch,allpeoples2.Historianshavecalledourselves,ourvaluesandourimagepunitivelawsdesignedasmuchtoprovidecheaplaborfmorning,withaheadache,hewouldrailattheworldforitsneglegenius,andabuse,withagoreason,thefools,hisbro2.(Whenoneindividualinflictsdeathresults,wecallthedeedman-slaughter;whentheassailansocietyplaceshundredsofproletariansinsuchapositionthattheyinevitablymeetatooearlyandanunnviolenceasthatbytheswordorbullet;whenitdnecessariesoflife,placesthemunderconditionsinwhichtheycannotlivethousandsofvictimsmustperish,andyetpermitstheseconditionstoremain,itsdeedismurderjustassurelyasthedeedofthesingleindividual;disgnotseemwhatitis,becausenomanseesthemurderer,becausethedeathofthevictimseemsanaturalone,sincetheoffenceismoreoneofothatofcommission.(Butmurderitremains.)I.句子翻譯1.他們知道，他們參加的運(yùn)動(dòng)正撼動(dòng)著整個(gè)世界，并把渴望自由和正義的#TitleofLesson:CoherenceWeek#TimeNeeded:Twoperiods(40discourse,whichisoftenrealizedbytheconsistentthemesorpurposesoftheofcoherence,thereasonablearrangementofinformationandtheperceptionoftheI.MarksofCoherence(連貫標(biāo)記)間的先后，故譯文加上表示時(shí)間的邏輯連接詞起初、現(xiàn)在，從而復(fù)制出availableeverywhere,coalwhichcanbeminedthroughautomaticand譯1:塑料是由無(wú)處不在、取之不絕的自然資源譯2:(兩個(gè))孩子穿上衣服，藏好裝備，懷著悲傷和疑惑的心情離開了(樹meaning,whichembodiestheintentionoWilly:Idon'tplaythatkindofgame!查理(收起牌，朝門口走):好吧!下次我?guī)б桓队形鍙圓的牌來(lái)。查理(轉(zhuǎn)身面對(duì)他):你不怕害臊!*(這句話譯為：你也不害臊!/你害不害臊!/你怎么不知道害臊!似威利(朝著他的后影摔上門):沒(méi)知識(shí)!greatestburstofenergyreleasedonepatient.Butwealsoknow,toourcost,thatheneveroverlooksamistake,or3.Britishnewspapers-allofthemsomeofthetime,andsomeofttime-behavebadlhurtfullyintopeople'sprivacy;andtheypublishinaccurate,sommade-upstories.Thevictimshav#TitleofLesson:DiscourseTranslation#TimeNeeded:Twoperiods(40BrieflyintroducetheprocessofdiscoursetranslatiⅡ.ProceduresofTranslationII.StepsofTranslatione.g.Returning,then,totheconsiderationorotherisitsgreatobject,andnnarroworfantastictype,as,forinstance,thatofan“Englishin.(人云亦云)2)WhetherthestylisticformistrulyThreeCriteria:accurate,concise,bea他比(班上其他任何一個(gè)同學(xué))班上的同學(xué)都高e.g.Ihavesoughtlove,first,becauseitbringB.Impropercollocation搭配不當(dāng)thenewlyinventedtelescopee.g.Quiteclearly,thethirtheiroldcliché-riddenimageofthatperiodcanhardlyapplytotheme.g.-Itappearsthatyou'vegottheofferofaverygoodjob.-Awonderfuljob.e.g.Hewasabouttoleavewhenhenofe.g.ThemostcomplexandenigmaticofGiacometti'sSurrealistworPalaceatFourA.M.,isasculpturalconstructseeminglyunrelatedobjectsplacedinafragileenthethinwoodenskeletalframeofthe“palace.”TitleofL