專題04.代詞形容詞介詞知識(shí)梳理與精練（學(xué)生版）-2021-2022學(xué)年七年級英語暑假知識(shí)點(diǎn)鞏固與銜接大禮包(牛津譯林版)

代詞，形容詞，介詞知識(shí)梳理與精練代詞考點(diǎn)一人稱代詞1.人稱代詞主格、賓格列表如下:人稱數(shù)格單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)一二三一二三主格Iyoushe;he;itweyouthey賓格2.人稱代詞的用法(1)人稱代詞的主格在句中充當(dāng)主語。如:Sheisagoodstudent.(2)人稱代詞的賓格在句中充當(dāng)動(dòng)詞、介詞的賓語或表語。如:Idon’tknowher.Hismotheriswaitingforhimoutside.3.人稱代詞的順序幾個(gè)人稱代詞并列充當(dāng)主語時(shí),它們的順序是:單數(shù)形式(二、三、一)you,he/sheandI復(fù)數(shù)形式(一、二、三)we,youandthey根據(jù)句意,用所給人稱代詞的正確形式填空①M(fèi)ypencilisbroken.Pleasepass(I)anewone.

②WealllikeMr.Greenbecause(he)isreallycoolandfun.

③IlikereadingmusicmagazinesandIoftenbuy(they)inthebookshopnearmyhouse.

④Ms.Readwillgive(we)atalkabouthealthylifethisafternoon.

⑤Lookatthegirloverthere.(she)ismycousinSue.

考點(diǎn)二物主代詞1.物主代詞分為形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞,列表如下:數(shù)人稱詞義類型單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)一二三一二三我的你的他的她的它的我們的你們的他/她/它們的形容詞性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名詞性2.形容詞性物主代詞在句中作定語修飾名詞,一般不單獨(dú)使用。如:Hisparentsarebothofficeworkers.3.名詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于“形容詞性物主代詞+名詞”。如:Myideaisquitedifferentfromhers.4.名詞性物主代詞可與of連用作定語,相當(dāng)于“of+名詞所有格”,表示部分概念或帶有一定的感情色彩。如:Heisafriendofmine.(我的一個(gè)朋友)5.形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞的區(qū)別形容詞性物主代詞之后要接名詞,而名詞性物主代詞之后不需接名詞。如:這張票是她的,不是我的。[誤]Thisishersticket.It’snotmy.[正]Thisisherticket.It’snotmine.根據(jù)句意,用所給物主代詞的正確形式填空①Heisanewstudenthere.(his)nameisTony.

②(our)microblogisawindowforforeignerstounderstandChina.

③—Whosebookisthis?—It’sLucy’s.Andtheredpenis(her),too.

④—TomorrowisLingling’sbirthday.—Sois(my).

⑤Ourschoolisbiggerthan(their).

1.Mr.Jacksonisapopularwriter,andwealllikereading__________books.A.his B.her C.their D.your2.—Judy,isthatboywithglasses________newclassmate?—Yes.Let'ssayhelloto________.A.we;he B.us;himself C.ours;his D.our;him3.Thedictionaryonthedeskis________Mineisonthechairoverthere.A.yours B.your C.mine D.my考點(diǎn)三反身代詞1.反身代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式,表格如下:數(shù)人稱單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱myself我自己ourselves我們自己第二人稱yourself你自己yourselves你們自己第三人稱himself他自己herself她自己itself它自己themselves他們自己2.反身代詞的常用詞組自學(xué) 自學(xué) 過得愉快;玩得高興隨便吃/用蘇醒 受傷 獨(dú)自考點(diǎn)四不定代詞、指示代詞、疑問代詞和it的用法一、不定代詞(1)普通不定代詞初中階段常用的普通不定代詞,列表如下:some;anyfew;littlenone;one;othermany;mucheither;neithereach;everyboth;all①some與anysome和any均表示“一些”,既可指代或修飾可數(shù)名詞,也可指代或修飾不可數(shù)名詞;some一般用于肯定句中,any多用于疑問句、否定句中或if,whether后。但在疑問句中,當(dāng)表示說話人希望得到肯定回答或表達(dá)請求、建議時(shí)應(yīng)用some。如:Therearen’tanystudentsintheclassroom.Look!Someboysareplayingfootball.—Wouldyoulikesomecoffee?—Yes,please.②many與muchmany指代或修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),還可以與表示程度的副詞so,too,how連用。much指代或修飾不可數(shù)名詞,也可以與表示程度的副詞so,too,how連用。如:Howmanybottlesofwaterdoyouneed?Henevereatssomuchbreakfast.③either與neither相同點(diǎn)均用于兩個(gè)人或物不同點(diǎn)either指“兩者中的任意一個(gè)”。作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。either...or...或者……或者……neither指“兩者中沒有一個(gè)”(全否定)。作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。neither...nor...兩者都不……④both與allboth表示“兩者都”,常與and連用;all指“三者或三者以上都”,常與of連用。如:BothsheandIarestudents.Bothplansaregood.Jim,LucyandLilyallagreetostayhere.注意both;all;either;any;neither;none的區(qū)別不定代詞都任何都不兩者botheitherneither三者或三者以上allanynone⑤each與every(限定詞)each和every都表示“每一”。each強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體,當(dāng)它作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,當(dāng)它作同位語時(shí),不影響謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù);every強(qiáng)調(diào)整體情況,修飾名詞時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞也要用單數(shù)形式。另外,each指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的人或事物,而every指三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或事物。如:Therearetreesoneachsideoftheroad.EverystudentinClass5haspassedtheexam.EachofuswearsayellowTshirt.WeeachwearayellowTshirt.⑥little;alittle;few;afew代替復(fù)數(shù)名詞代替不可數(shù)名詞肯定afew(一些)alittle(少量)否定few(幾乎沒有)少little(幾乎沒有)少如:Wouldyoupleasebuysomesaltforme,Tony?Thereislittleleft.Irecognizedafewofotherpeople.⑦other;theother;others;theothers;another不定代詞意義用法說明other另外的可作定語,常與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用;但如果前面有the,some,any,each,every,no,my,your,his等,則可與單數(shù)名詞連用theother兩者中的另一個(gè)常與one連用,構(gòu)成“one...,theother...”;作定語修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí),表示“其余的全部”others另一些泛指別的人或物(但不是全部),不能作定語,可以構(gòu)成“some...,others...”結(jié)構(gòu)theothers其余的特指其余所有的人或物another又一,另一一般情況下,后面接可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),但后面可加few或帶數(shù)字的復(fù)數(shù)名詞2.復(fù)合不定代詞(1)初中階段常用的復(fù)合不定代詞列表如下:somebody(某人)anybody(任何人)nobody(沒有人)everybody(每個(gè)人)someone(某人)anyone(任何人)noone(沒有人)everyone(每個(gè)人)something(某事)anything(任何事)nothing(沒有東西)everything(每一件事)如:Doyouhaveanythingspecialtotellmetoday?Listentome,boysandgirls.Ihavesomethingtotellyou.(2)在反意疑問句中,當(dāng)句子陳述部分的主語是指人的復(fù)合不定代詞,如everybody,nobody,anyone等時(shí),其反意疑問部分的主語通常用代詞they;當(dāng)句子陳述部分的主語是指物的復(fù)合不定代詞,如everything,anything,something,nothing等時(shí),其反意疑問部分的主語通常用代詞it。如:Everybodyishere,aren’tthey?Everythingisready,isn’tit?(3)當(dāng)形容詞或else修飾復(fù)合不定代詞something,everything,everyone等時(shí),形容詞或else必須放在這些詞的后面。如:Xiaoming,hehassomethingimportanttotellyou.Canyoufindanyoneelse?(4)everyone的意思等同于everybody,只能指人;everyone既可指人也可指物,還可以和of連用。如:I’dlikeeveryonetobehappy.Ihavekepteveryoneofherletters.題組訓(xùn)練根據(jù)句意,選擇方框中恰當(dāng)?shù)牟欢ù~填空anythingnobodysomethingsomebodyeverything①—Yourtea,please.—Theremustbesweetinit.Ittastesgood.

②—Istherenewintoday’snewspaper?

—Yes.Afamoussingerwillgiveaconcertinourcity.③Thereisintheclassroom.Allthestudentsareintheplayground.

④isready.Pleaseetohavedinner.

⑤Mary,iswaitingforyououtside.

1.—Wheredidyoubuythatbeautifulhat,fromashoporasupermarket?—________.Iamusedtoshoppingonline.A.Neither B.Either C.Both D.None2．—Susan,thereis___________riceand___________noodlesathome.Willyougoshoppingwithme?—Sorry,Ihavetowaitforthepostman.A.little;few B.few;little C.afew;little D.few;alittle3.—Allthevolunteerswereverytired,but___________ofthemhadarest.—Theywerebusyhelpingthefiremen.A.both. B.neither C.all D.none4.Thewildanimalsareindangernow.Let'sprotect________.A.they B.them C.their D.theirs二、疑問代詞疑問代詞主要用法例句who作主語、表語、賓語Whowantstogowithme?whomwho的賓格形式,作賓語Towhomareyoutalking?whosewho的所有格形式,作表語、定語Whosebookisthis?what/whowhat詢問某人的職業(yè)—What’syourfather?—Heisaworker.who詢問某人的身份、姓名—Whoistheboyunderthetree?—HeisLiMing.what/whichwhat指“什么”,沒有范圍的限定Whatwouldyoulike?which“哪一個(gè),哪一些”,有范圍的限制Whichonedoyoulikebest?根據(jù)句意,用恰當(dāng)?shù)囊蓡柎~填空①—doyouusuallydoattheweekend?

—Ioftenstayathomeandhelpwiththehousework.②—istheboyunderthetree?

—HeismybrotherJohn.③—doyoulikebetter,runningorswimming?

—Ilikeswimmingbetter.④—glovesarethese?

—They’reMissLi’s.三、it的用法1.指代前面提到過的事物。如:Thebookonthedeskisnotmine.ItisJim’s.2.代替指示代詞this或that。如:—What’sthat?—Itisapencil.3.指代嬰兒或不明身份的人。如:Someoneisknockingatthedoor.Pleasegoandseewhoitis.4.指代時(shí)間或季節(jié)。如:—What’sthetimenow?—It’steno’clock.5.指代天氣。如:—What’stheweatherliketoday?—It’ssunny.6.指代距離。如:Howfarisitfromyourschooltoyourhome?7.it的常用句型:(1)Itis+adj.+(forsb.)todosth.如:Itisimportantforustoworkhard.(2)It’stimetodo/for/that...如:It’stimetogetup/forlunch/thatwewenthome.(3)Itseemsthat...好像……如:Itseemsthatyouareright.(4)It’sone’sturntodo...輪到某人做……如:It’syourturntosing.8.it,one,that作代詞時(shí)的區(qū)別(1)it特指上文提到的同一對象,是同一事物。如:Thebookismine.It’sveryinteresting.(2)one泛指上文提及的同類事物中的一個(gè),同類而不同物。如:—Whohasapen?—Ihaveone.(3)that常用于比較結(jié)構(gòu)中,代替前面提到的名詞,以避免重復(fù)。如:TheweatherinBeijingiscolderthanthatinGuangzhouinwinter.1.—______________doyouvisityourgrandparents,Tom?—Twiceamonth.A.Howmuch B.Howoften C.Howlong D.Howsoon2.—LotsofpeopleliketogiveoutHongbaotoeachotheronWechat.—That'strue.I'vejustreceived________frommyfriend.A.it B.that C.one3.Molly,mydictionaryisnothere.Doyouhave________?A.it B.that C.one4.—Oh,Iforgettobringmyumbrella.—I’vegot_________.Youcanshare_________.A.it;my B.one;mine C.it;I D.one;me5.—_________isyourschoolfromyourhome,Gina?—Onlytenminutes’walk.A.Howlong B.Howfar C.Howmany D.Howsoon6.—Pleasetellme_____________youhavelearntEnglish.—Forthreeyears.A.howlong B.howoften C.howsoon7.Boysandgirls,youshouldlookafter________whenyourparentsarenotathome.A.himself B.herself C.yourselves D.themselves形容詞考點(diǎn)一形容詞詞義辨析ing形容詞和ed形容詞ing形容詞ed形容詞例句surprising令人驚訝的surprised感到驚訝的Thisisasurprisingstory.Iamsurprisedattheeresting有趣的interested感興趣的Ihaveaninterestingbook.Heisinterestedinscience.exciting令人興奮的excited感到興奮的Haveyouheardoftheexcitingnews?Weareexcitedaboutthetraveling.pleasing令人愉快的pleased感到愉快/滿意的Thisisapleasingtrip.Theteacherispleasedwithourperformance.frightening令人恐懼的frightened感到恐懼的Thisisafrighteningstory.Wearefrightenedoftheghost.moving令人感動(dòng)的moved受感動(dòng)的Titanicisamovingfilm.WearemovedbyHongZhanhuideeply.tiring令人疲倦的tired感到疲倦的It’salongtiringday.I’mtootired.fascinating迷人的fascinated著迷的Whatafascinatingvoice!Manyboysarefascinatedbyputergames.特點(diǎn):表示主動(dòng)意義,多指事物對人的影響,一般修飾事物特點(diǎn):表示被動(dòng)意義,多指人對事物的感受,一般修飾人,常用于“sb.+be+ed形容詞+介詞”結(jié)構(gòu)Weareallinterestedintheinterestingstory.考點(diǎn)二其他用法一、常見名詞變形容詞的方法名詞構(gòu)成方法意義舉例表示天氣的名詞y充滿……的多……的cloud—cloudywind—windy表示方位的名詞ern……方位的朝……方的west—westerneast—eastern表示稱謂的名詞ly……般的friend—friendlymother—motherly表示時(shí)間的名詞ly每……的week—weeklymonth—monthly表示物質(zhì)的名詞en……制成的wood—woodengold—golden表抽象意義的名詞fulyless……的……的無……的care—carefuluse—usefulluck—luckyhope—hopelesscare—careless表示大洲與國家的名詞n……的……人的Asia—AsianAmerica—American二、形容詞的排列順序當(dāng)名詞由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的形容詞(包括一些具有形容詞功能的限定詞)修飾時(shí),這些詞的順序通常遵循一定的規(guī)則,一般不得隨意調(diào)換,也不能依照漢語的意思去排列。通?？砂聪旅娴拇涡蚺帕?1.限定詞,包括:冠詞、指示代詞、形容詞性物主代詞、名詞所有格、數(shù)詞等。2.表示觀點(diǎn)的描繪性形容詞,如:beautiful,fine,interesting等。3.表示大小、長短、高低等形狀的形容詞,如:tall,high,small,little,round等。4.表示年齡、新舊的形容詞,如:young,old,new等。5.表示顏色的形容詞,如:black,white,blue等。6.表示國籍、地區(qū)、出處的形容詞,如:Japanese,American,English,rural(鄉(xiāng)村的)等。7.形成中心名詞的材料的形容詞,如:plastic,silky,wooden等。如:tworoundblueplasticplates兩個(gè)圓形的藍(lán)色塑料盤twobigroundnewChinesewoodentables兩張新的中式的木制大圓桌三、易混形容語辨析1.good,well,fine和nice(1)good是形容詞,用作表語和定語,它表示電影、書籍等某種東西的內(nèi)容好;表示人品好、善良等。如:Thisisagoodbook.這是一本好書。(2)well兼作形容詞和副詞,作形容詞時(shí),只作表語,指身體健康。如:—Howareyou?——你(身體)好嗎?—I’mverywell.——我(身體)很好。(3)fine通常指天氣好、氣質(zhì)好等。如:It’safinedaytoday.今天天氣晴朗。(4)nice往往指“令人喜悅的,討人喜愛的”人、味道、言語、天氣等。如:Youlookverynice.你很好看。2.ill和sick兩個(gè)詞都是“病的,生病的”之意,都可以作表語,但作定語時(shí)只能用sick而不能用ill(ill作定語時(shí)表示“壞的”)。如:Thesickmanishisuncle.那位病人是他叔叔。Hehasbeenillfortwodays.他已經(jīng)病了兩天了。3.black和dark都可作形容詞,也可作名詞,區(qū)別為:black的意思是“黑色(的)”,指顏色,其反義詞是white;dark的意思“暗、天黑、黑暗”,指無光。如:Thedoorsarepaintedblack.這些門被漆成黑色。Itisadarkhouse.這是間黑屋子。副詞一．知識(shí)拓展常用易混副詞和副詞詞組1.howlong,howsoon,howoften和howfar意義及用法說明例句howlong多久,多長時(shí)間,對一個(gè)持續(xù)的時(shí)間段提問,常用“for+時(shí)間段”或“since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)”回答—HowlonghaveyoubeeninChina?—Forthreemonths.——你來中國有多久了?——有三個(gè)月了。howsoon多快,多久以后,對一個(gè)短暫性動(dòng)作提問,用于一般將來時(shí)的句子中,常用“in+時(shí)間段”回答—Howsoonwillheeback?—Infiveminutes.——他多久以后才能回來?——5分鐘后。howoften多長時(shí)間一次,對頻率提問,常用once/twice/threetimesaweek等回答—Howoftendoyouvisityourgrandparents?—Onceaweek.——你多久去看望你的祖父母一次?——一周一次。howfar多遠(yuǎn),對距離提問—Howfarisitfromyourhometoyourschool?—Abouttwokilometers.——你家離學(xué)校有多遠(yuǎn)?——大概兩千米。2.hard和hardly意義及用法說明例句hard努力地,大量地,猛烈地It’sraininghard.雨下得很大。hardly幾乎不,是否定副詞Icanhardlyunderstandhiswords.我?guī)缀趼牪欢f的話。3.muchtoo和toomuch意義及用法說明例句muchtoo非常,極其,太,中心詞是too,much修飾too,以加強(qiáng)語氣,muchtoo修飾形容詞或副詞原級Thecarismuchtooexpensive.這輛小轎車實(shí)在太貴了。toomuch太多,中心詞是much,too修飾much,以加強(qiáng)語氣,toomuch修飾不可數(shù)名詞,與toomany相對應(yīng),toomany修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)There’stoomuchraininsummer.夏天雨水太多了。4.too,aswell,also和either意義及用法說明例句too也,一般用于肯定句,常放在句末HelikesEnglish,too.他也喜歡英語。aswell也,一般用于肯定句,常放在句末Ilikeyouaswell.我也喜歡你。also也,常放在be動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞之后,行為動(dòng)詞之前Icanalsoswim.我也會(huì)游泳。either也,用于否定句,常放在句末Idon’tknowFrench,either.我也不懂法語。5.too,enough和so意義及用法說明例句too太,很,用于too...to...結(jié)構(gòu),表示否定意義“太……而不能……”He’stooyoungtogotherebyhimself.他太小了,不能獨(dú)自去那