考點(diǎn)09 被動語態(tài)（核心考點(diǎn)精講精練）高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)考點(diǎn)幫新高考

考點(diǎn)09被動語態(tài)（核心考點(diǎn)精講精練）1.高考真題考點(diǎn)分布考點(diǎn)題型謂語動詞時態(tài)、被動語態(tài)、主謂一致年份試卷類型考點(diǎn)考向語法填空20242024·新課標(biāo)I卷___60_walks__(walk)一般現(xiàn)在時與主謂一致2024·新課標(biāo)II卷__38_were_(be);_41_bebuilt__(build)一般過去時與主謂一致；被動語態(tài)2024·全國乙卷__44_were__(be)一般過去時與主謂一致2024·全國北京卷___13gives___(give)一般現(xiàn)在時與主謂一致2024·年浙江1月42_havestarted(start)現(xiàn)在完成時與主謂一致20232023·新課標(biāo)I卷//2023·新課標(biāo)II卷___65wished__(wish)一般過去時2023·全國乙卷wasamazed;means;一般過去時與主謂一致，一般現(xiàn)在時與主謂一致2023·全國甲卷//2023·年北京卷wouldthrow13.hadarrivedhasestablished一般將來時；過去完成時；現(xiàn)在完成時與主謂一致2023·年浙江1月featured一般過去時20222022·新課標(biāo)I卷were;isdesigned一般過去時與主謂一致；一般現(xiàn)在時表達(dá)語態(tài)與主謂一致2022·新課標(biāo)II卷wasfixing43.threw過去進(jìn)行時與主謂一致；一般過去時2022·全國乙卷addressed一般過去時2022·全國甲卷haswalked現(xiàn)在完成時與主謂一致2022·年北京卷caught;has;一般過去時；一般現(xiàn)在時與主謂一致；現(xiàn)在完成時與主謂一致hasincreased2022·年浙江1月isviewed或hasbeenviewedare；havepromised一般現(xiàn)在時被動語態(tài)與主謂一致；主謂一致；現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)與主謂一致2.命題規(guī)律及備考策略【命題規(guī)律】近3年新高考卷對于被動語態(tài)的考查共計(jì)3次，主要考查：1.一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)；2.一般過去時的被動語態(tài)；3.現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)?！緜淇疾呗浴?.掌握被動語態(tài)的基本時態(tài)變化；2.掌握被動語態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)形式；3.掌握不能用被動語態(tài)的幾種情況；4.掌握主動形式表示被動意義的情況。3.【命題預(yù)測】預(yù)計(jì)2025年高考語法填空中謂語動詞語態(tài)仍將是考查的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)，會與動詞的時態(tài)及其他的語法點(diǎn)結(jié)合起來進(jìn)行考查。必備基礎(chǔ)知識：被動語態(tài)（PassiveVoice）是高考英語的一個重要語法項(xiàng)目。構(gòu)成形式為“be+P.P.（過去分詞）”。是動詞的一種形式，用以說明主語與謂語動詞之間的關(guān)系。英語的語態(tài)共有兩種：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者；被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。一般來說，只有需要動作對象的及物動詞才有被動語態(tài)。漢語往往用"被"、"受"、"給"等被動詞來表示被動意義。如:Heopenedthedoor.他打開了這扇門。(主動語態(tài))Thedoorwasopened.這扇門被打開了。(被動語態(tài))01被動語態(tài)基本形式和意義被動語態(tài)通常為十種時態(tài)的被動形式，被動語態(tài)由be＋過去分詞構(gòu)成，be隨時態(tài)的變化而變化。各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)形式為（以do為例）：時體現(xiàn)在過去將來過去將來一般is/am/aredonewas/weredonewill/shallbedonewould/shouldbedone進(jìn)行is/am/arebeingdonewas/werebeingdone完成have/hasbeendonehadbeendonewill/shallhavebeendonewould/shouldhavebeendone被動語態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)形式(1)含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)為：情態(tài)動詞＋be＋過去分詞Somethingmustbedonetostopthewaterfrombeingpolluted.必須采取措施來制止水受到污染。(2)“get＋過去分詞”式被動語態(tài)在口語和非正式的語體中，常用“get＋過去分詞”表示被動語態(tài)，其中g(shù)et相當(dāng)于be動詞，起助動詞的作用。這種形式一般用來談?wù)撏蝗话l(fā)生的事，通常只表示動作，不表示狀態(tài)。Someglassesgotbrokenwhenweweremoving.我們搬家時有些玻璃杯被打碎了。幾種主動變被動的規(guī)則（1）有些動詞可以有兩個賓語，在用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)時，可以把主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一賓語仍然保留在謂語后面。通常變?yōu)橹髡Z的是間接賓語。Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday.可改為Hewasgivenapresentbyhismotherforhisbirthday.（間接賓語為主語）Apresentwasgiventohimbyhismotherforhisbirthday.（直接賓語為主語，需加介詞to）（2）當(dāng)＂動詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語＂結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，將賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)中的主語，其余不動。Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette.可改為Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette.（3）在使役動詞have,make,get以及感官動詞see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作賓語補(bǔ)語時，在主動結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式to要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時，要加to。Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.可改為Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.（4）有些相當(dāng)于及物動詞的動詞詞組，如＂動詞＋介詞＂，＂動詞＋副詞＂等，也可以用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)，但要把它們看作一個整體，不能分開。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。ThemeetingistobeputofftillFriday.(介詞off不能遺漏)當(dāng)句子的謂語為say,believe,expect,think,know,write,consider,report等時,被動語態(tài)有兩種形式:(1)謂語動詞用被動語態(tài),動詞不定式作主語補(bǔ)足語。Peoplesaidhewasasmartboy.可變?yōu)椋篹q\o\ac(○,1)Itwassaidthathewasasmartboy.eq\o\ac(○,2)Hewassaidtobeasmartboy(2)用it作形式主語,真正的主語在后面用主語從句來表示。如:類似句型有:Itissaid/known/suggested/believed/hoped/thoughtthat...02不能用被動語態(tài)的幾種情況：（1）所有的不及物動詞或不及物動詞詞組不能用于被動語態(tài)。（2）表示狀態(tài)的謂語動詞，如：last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit等。（3）表示歸屬的動詞，如have、own、belongto等。（4）表示＂希望、意圖＂的動詞，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。（5）賓語是反身代詞或相互代詞時謂語動詞用主動語態(tài)，不能用被動語態(tài)?！?024新課標(biāo)ⅠⅠ卷】Twoyearslater,asix-meter-tallpavilion,___40inspired___(inspire)byThePeonyPavilion,___41___(build)attheFirsGarden,justtenminutes’walkfromShakespeare’sbirthplace.1.【2024屆廣東省惠州市高三下學(xué)期一模擬考試】Lookingahead,themuseumsouvenirmarketinChina50(expect)tocontinuegrowing.2.（2023年人大附中高三試題）Theywerefixedonanironplatewithframesinacertainsequence.Theninkwaspaintedandapieceofpaperwaslaiddown.Aprintedsheet(create)thisway.（最新模擬試題演練）1.【安徽省蚌埠市皖北私立聯(lián)考2023-2024學(xué)年高三下學(xué)期期中】AsatraditionalChineseholiday,theSpringFestival15（characterize）byfamilyreunionsandwishesforprosperityintheupcomingyear.2.【2024屆內(nèi)蒙古呼和浩特市高三下學(xué)期二?？荚嚒緽esides,thealgaecan29(harvest)andusedtoproducefuel.Therefore,thebuildinguseslessenergyandreducesthedamagetotheenvironmentbygeneratingitsownrenewableenergy.3.（湖北省新高考部分學(xué)校2023年高三質(zhì)檢）Afterthemedalceremony,thenewOlympicchampion(invite)toapressconferenceroomtospeaktothemedia.4.【2024屆貴州省遵義市高三下學(xué)期第二次模擬測試】Chinesesauerkraut,apicklewhich3(make)ofChinesecabbage,isatraditionalspecialtyofthenortheasternregionandisnowsoldaroundthecountry4exportedoverseas.5.【2024屆安徽省馬鞍山市高三下學(xué)期三?！緼ttheheartoftheexhibition,GirlonaSwing5(surround)byblock-colorpaintingsandarecreatedgrassyarea,reflectingtheartist’sinnerworldwithcolorsofgoldencornfields,shiningsun,andexpansivegreeneryspreadingout.6.【2024屆四川省攀枝花市高三下學(xué)期第三次統(tǒng)一考試】AIiscausinghugechallengestoexam6(equal).Itisthebiggestdestructorsincecalculators7(allow)intomathtestsseveralyearsago.7.【2024屆四川省瀘州市高三下學(xué)期三?！緼ttheageof6,shestartedtohelphermothertomakeSuembroideryitems,allofwhich29(sell)tosupportthefamily.8.【2024屆河南省開封市高三下學(xué)期三?！縏hepreciselocationsoftheshipwrecksandtheassociatedculturalrelics36(determine)throughtheuseofoceanographictechnologyandunderwaterinvestigationsinvolvingmannedsubmersibles,whichconducted41divesthroughouttheyear,asconfirmedbySongJianzhong,37researcherattheNationalCenterforArchaeology.9.【2024屆內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)赤峰市赤峰市三?！緽eforethenewdiscovery,thefishingandhunting45(know)tobemainactivitiesinHongshanancestors’life.10.【2024屆廣東省佛山市禪城區(qū)高三下學(xué)期統(tǒng)一調(diào)研測試】Recentlyshe4(launch)sixCitywalkroutesindifferentcitiesonhersocialmediaaccount,aimingtooffervisitors5experienceto“walkinopen-airmuseums.”11.【2024屆安徽省合肥市高三下學(xué)期二?！縐ponreturn,Huang8(appoint)chiefscientistofChina’sbiggestdeepearthexplorationprogram.12.【2024屆江西省新余市高三下學(xué)期二模】Cleaningmustbedonebeforetheholiday,46(typical)inJanuaryorFebruary,sincesweepingafterthefestivities47(see)asremovinggoodluck.13.【2024屆河南省通義大聯(lián)考高三下學(xué)期最后一卷】“I’mjustwaiting.Itrustmyteam.Oncethedecision52(make),Iwillrevieweverything.Twoyearswouldbelong,inthecaseofoneyearImightsee.14.【2024屆湖南省永州市高三下學(xué)期第三次模擬】Itsterracedfieldsfollow3landformofthemountains,atheightsrangingfrom300to1,200metersabovesealevel.Sofar,fromswiftlyflowingrivervalleystomist-coveredmountains,denseforestsandsteepcliffs,whereverthereiswaterandsoil,terraces4(dig).15.【2024屆遼寧省重點(diǎn)高中協(xié)作校聯(lián)考高三下學(xué)期4月高考模擬】Porcelainisthecreativefruitof8workingpeopleofancientChina.SincetheHanandTangDynasties,porcelain9(export)worldwide.16.（2023年山東省實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)高三模擬）Thecrosstalkrealizesitsartisticpresentationbymeansofimitation,talking,teasing,andsinging.Thejokes(hide)inthebaofu,or“package”.17.（2023年湖南省郴州市九校聯(lián)盟高三）TheImperialResort(list)inthedirectoryoftheworld’sculturalheritagesin1994.18.（2023年黑龍江省哈爾濱師范大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)高三）Anumberofshortfilms(upload)todateinJiangsuProvinceandFuzhou.【2024·山東青島·三?！块喿x下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Lhasa,thesecondmostpopulousurbanareaontheTibetanPlateau,hasbeentheadministrativecapitalofTibetsincethemid-17thcentury.Ifyou’veeverhadthechance41(visit)it,therearemanyplacesyou.42(simple)cannotmiss.TheJokhangTempleisliketheultimatehotspotforpilgrims(朝圣者),43totalmusttosee.ItstandsasoneofthemostappealingsitesinTibetasit44(house)thestatueofShakyamuniBuddhathat’smorethan2,500yearsold,withtonsofpeople45(look)around.Thetemplesurroundingshavebecomequitecommercializedovertheyears.TheBarkhorStreet,46allhightechhasbeenusedtocreateagoodatmosphere,isapopularplacefor47(local)andnowfortourists.ThelocalcrewteamedupwiththebrainiacsfromtheChineseAcademyofSciencesandbuiltthiswirelessstreetlampnetwork.Nomore48(mess)wiresruiningyourviewsonowyoucanbecomecompletelyinvolvedinthescenery49anythingthatturnsyourattentionaway.Youcanfindmanysurroundingsitesattractiveandgetalmosteverythinghere:beautifulobjects,aconstantstreamoftouristsandsomeseriouslypassionatepilgrims.Allthisis50makesthisplaceamagicalone-of-a-kinddestination.2024年1.【2024新課標(biāo)ⅠⅠ卷】Twoyearslater,asix-meter-tallpavilion,___40___(inspire)byThePeonyPavilion,___41___(build)attheFirsGarden,justtenminutes’walkfromShakespeare’sbirthplace.2.【2024北京卷】OnApril5,2024,JohnTinniswood___15___(name)theworld’soldestlivingman.3.【2024浙江1月卷】However,thoughit’snicetogetafewcentsoffapackofsausages,itwouldhelpevenmoreiftheycouldsometimes____41____(offer)insmallerpacks.Eventhebiggestsausagefandoesn’twanttoeatthemeveryday.2023年1.【2023年全國甲卷】Carsonprovesthatasimpleliteralformthathasbeenpasseddownthroughtheagescanstill____50____(employ)todaytodrawattentiontoimportanttruths.2.【2023年浙江1月卷】Citizensofhighersocialclasses59(permit)toliveclosertothecenterofthecircles.2022年1.【2022新高考I卷】TheGPNP__________(design)toreflecttheguidingprincipleof“protectingtheauthenticityandintegrity(完整性)ofnaturalecosystems,preservingbiologicaldiversity,protectingecologicalbufferzones,andleavingbehindpreciousnaturalassets(資產(chǎn))forfuturegenerations”.2.【2022年浙江卷1月】Travellingtoconferences,lectures,wo