話題閱讀16語言與文化（原卷版）-2022年中考英語閱讀理解

備戰(zhàn)2022年中考英語話題閱讀專項訓(xùn)練專題16語言與文化(原卷版)¤話題01¤話題01 通過漫畫看中西方文化差異¤話題02 中國不同地區(qū)的人們給客人上茶的方式¤話題03 中國古老的武術(shù)——太極¤話題04 剪紙藝術(shù)的由來和發(fā)展歷程¤話題05 英國和美國短語和習(xí)語的差異¤話題06 中國的傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)皮影戲¤話題07 在美國，人們?yōu)榱朔奖憬?jīng)常使用的省略說法¤話題08 中國元宵節(jié)的由來，習(xí)俗和傳統(tǒng)¤話題09 關(guān)于谷雨的風(fēng)俗¤話題10 中國人在標(biāo)志和日常用語中的英語不地道使用

Passage1（2021·遼寧遼陽·中考真題）WhataretheculturaldifferencesbetweenChinaandtheWest?YoumightbeabletofindtheanswerinCaoSiyu’sics（漫畫）.Cao,32,wasborninBeijing,butlefthomeat20andhasstudiedandlivedintheUS,theUK,andFrancefor12years.Havingseensomanycultures,Caowantedtouseherdrawingsillstoshowthedifferencesshehasexperienced.SoshecreatedthecartoonseriesTinyEyesics.“Myexperienceshowsthatalthoughtravelismucheasierandfastertoday,thedistance（距離）betweencultureshasn’tshortened,”Caosaid.Shehopestobuildbridgesandbreakdownmisunderstandingsbetweendifferentcultures.Oneofhercartoonsshowswaterformsindifferentcountries.Threeglassesofwaterareshown.TheglassofwaterfromtheUShasice;theonefromFranceisfullofsparklingwater（氣泡水）;theonefromChinaissteaming（冒熱氣的）.Caoalsouseshercartoonstoshowdifferentwaysofthinkingandsocialcustoms.DuringtheCOVID﹣19pandemic,sheusedhericstoexplainwhyChinesepeopleprefertowearmaskswhilewesternpeopledon’t.“HersimplepictureshaveplayedabigpartinreflectingChineseculture,”ItalianmagazineGraziareported.ManyforeignreaderssaythatCao’sicshelpthemunderstandChina,whileChineselivingabroadhavefeltthattheyareseenandunderstood.Shesaidthatthisvoicehasbeenthebiggestmotivation（動力）forhertokeepcreating.1．CaoSiyushowspeopletheculturaldifferencesby________.A．livingabroad B．creatingics C．writingforanItalianmagazine D．talkingaboutherexperience2．Cao’sicideasefromherstudiesandlifein________countries.A．3 B．12 C．20 D．323．Theunderlinedword“misunderstandings”means________.A．融合 B．交流 C．差異 D．誤解4．Wecaninferfromthepassagethat________ismorepopularinChina.A．coldwater B．icewater C．sparklingwater D．hotwater5．Thebesttitleofthepassageis“________”.A．TravelismucheasierandfastertodayB．icsshowushowwearedifferentC．SchoollifeabroadisbusyandlonelyD．DifferentwaysofthinkingandbehavingPassage2（2021·遼寧朝陽·中考真題）InChina,ahostusuallyservesavisitingguestacupofteafirstwhenheentershishouse.ItisatraditionalcustominChina.Butdoyouknowhowtoserveacupofteatoavisitingguest?Well,indifferentplaces,thewaysofservingteaaredifferent.InJiangsuandZhejiangprovinces,aclaycupisusuallyusedtobrew(沖泡)Longjing,Biluochun,Maojianorjustgreentea.Chrysanthemumteaissometimesusedinthehotsummerseasontoreducethehotfromoutside.ServingacupofteaisaverypopularcustomintheNorthChinacities.Inthecoldernortheasternprovinces,thehostswouldprovidewarmblackteawithsugarfortheirguests.InsomecoastalprovincessuchasGuangdongProvinceandFujianProvince,apotofOolongteaorPuerteaistheusualtreat.ServingteatoguestsisamonpracticeinChina.However,differentteaisusedindifferentplaces.InInnerMongolia(內(nèi)蒙古),aguestisusuallytreatedwithmilkytea.IntheJingpofamily,youwouldbegivenbakedtea(teainwaterandbakedinanoventobemadehot).6．WhatkindofteasetsshouldbeusedtobrewLongjing?A．Aglasscup B．Apapercup C．Aplasticcup D．Aclaycup7．Whichkindofteacanmakepeoplefeelcoolinhotsummer?A．Oolongtea B．Puertea C．Chrysanthemumtea D．Milkytea8．Whenyouarevisitingafriendin________,youmightbeofferedwarmblackteawithsugar.A．Suzhou B．Changchun C．Hangzhou D．Baotou9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“coastal”inParagraph4mean?A．內(nèi)陸的 B．邊境的 C．沿海的 D．沿河的10．Thepassageismainlyabout________.A．thewaysofservingteainChina. B．thedifferentkindsofteainChina.C．thewaysofdrinkingteainChina. D．thereasonsofservingteainChina.Passage3（2021·江蘇宿遷·中考真題）Ifyouwalkthroughaparkinthemorningorintheevening,youmightseealotofpeopledoingtheseslowandbeautifulmovements—CarrythetigeroverthemountainandWhitecranespreadsitswings.Infact,theyaredoingTaichi.Taichiisanancientmartialart(武術(shù)).ItisamonkindofexerciseinChina.Morethan100millionpeopleinover150countriespracticeTaichiatpresent.RecentlyUNESCO(聯(lián)合國教科文組織)hasaddedTaichitoitsIntangibleCulturalHeritageList(非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)名錄).Manytaichifanswerehappytohearofit.“Thiswillmaketaichimorepopulararoundtheworld.Hopefully,morepeoplewillbeehealthierbypracticingit.”saidChenBin.HeisaTaichimasterfromthevillageofChenjiagou,HenanProvince.ThisvillageisthebirthplaceofChenstyleTaichi.It’struethatdoingTaichiisgoodforourhealth.Itcanmakeuswalkandmovemorefreely,anditcanalsomakeusstronger.Duringslowmovements,wecanfocuson(專注)ourhandsandfeet.Wecancontrolthembetter.Slowmovementsalsohelpustotakedeepandlongbreaths.Taichialsofocusesontheharmony(和諧)betweenyin(陰)andyang(陽).ItshowshowtheancientChinesepeoplesawtheworld.Theworldisfullofyinandyang:darkandlight,softandhard,femaleandmale.Buttheydon’toppose(對立)eachotherabsolutely(絕對地).Asweseeinthepicture,awhitespotisintheblackareaandablackspotisinthewhitearea.Afteradarknight,thesunwillrise.Leavesfallinautumnbutgrowinspring.Everythingkeepschanging—thatishowweshouldseetheworld.TaichicarriestraditionalChinesephilosophy(哲學(xué)),suchasbeinginharmonywithnatureandusingsoftnesstobeathardness.IthasbeeasymbolofChineseculture.11．HowmanypeoplepracticeTaichiintheworldnow?A．About10million. B．Lessthan150thousand.C．Atmost100thousand. D．Morethan100million.12．WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribethemovementsofTaichi?A．Slowandbeautiful. B．Slowandexciting. C．Fastandfree. D．Strongandtiring.13．WhyhasTaichibeenaddedtoIntangibleCulturalHeritageListrecently?A．BecauseitisasymbolofChineseculture. B．BecauseitisfromthevillageofChenjiagou.C．Becauseitcanmakeuswalkmorefreely. D．Becauseitcanusesoftnesstobeathardness.14．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A．ToaskpeopletodoTaichiintheirfieetime. B．Tointroduceanancientmartialart—taichi.C．ToteachpeoplehowtodoTaichicorrectly. D．ToexplainwhyTaichiisgoodforourhealth.Passage4（2021·新疆·中考真題）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，在A、B、C、D四個選項中選擇一個正確答案。Yangzhoupapercutting,withahistoryof2,000years,canbedatedbacktotheSuiDynasty,makingYangzhouoneoftheplaceswherepapercuttingfirstbecamepopular.IntheSuiDynasty,thepeopleofYangzhouwouldcutcolourfulpaperorsilkandsatin(緞子)tocelebratefestivals.ItissaidthatEmperorYangcametoYangzhouthreetimes.Inwinter,theflowersandtreesinthegardenbecamedryandweak.Theemperororderedthegrilservantstocutfinesilkandsatinintoflowersandleavesandusethemtodecoratethetreesandlakes,copyingnicelythelooksofspringandsummer.Sincethen,“colorfulcutting”hasbeeapopularartinYangzhou.IntheTangDynasty,thepapercuttingindustrywashighlydevelopedandalargeamountofhighqualitypaperwasmadeaspresentstotheCourt(宮廷).IntheQingDynasty,becauseoftheeconomicdevelopment,thepeopleofYangzhoubecameinterestedinwearingfineclothing,especiallyembroidered(刺繡的)clothing.Theembroidereddesignswerebasedonpapercuts,themostwellknowofthemwasfromBaoJun,apapercuttingmaster.Hewonahighreputation(名聲)asMagicScissorsforhiswonderfulcuttingskills.AfterthePeople’sRepublicofChinawasstarted,theChinesegovernmentacceptedtheimportanceofpapercuttinglikemanyotherartsandskills.In2007,ChinaPapercutsMuseumopenedtothepublicinthebackgardenoftheWang’sResidence(住所),Yangzhou,greatlyhelpingthedevelopmentofYangzhoupapercutting.15．Whendid“colourfulcutting”beeapopularartinYangzhou?A．IntheSuiDynasty. B．IntheTangDynasty.C．IntheMingDynasty. D．IntheQingDynasty.16．Theunderlinedword“decorate”inParagraph2means______inChinese.A．種植 B．裝飾 C．澆水 D．砍伐17．WhendidChinaPapercutsMuseumopentothepublic?A．In2007. B．In2008. C．In2009. D．In2010.18．Wherecanweprobablyfindthepassage?A．Inapoem. B．Inanovel. C．Inamagazine. D．Inadictionary.19．What’sthemainideaonthepassage?A．Howtomakepapercutting.B．Thewaytocutpaper.C．TheimportanceofYangzhoupapercutting.D．ThehistoryanddevelopmentofYangzhoupapercutting.Passage5（2021·四川自貢·中考真題）Ifyou’reridingina“l(fā)ift”oran“elevator”,oreating“chips”versus“fries”,thesewordsalldependonwhetheryou’reintheUKorUS.AlthoughtheybothspeakEnglish,therearemanyphrasesandidiomsthatdifferbetweenthecultures.Forexample,haveyoueverjustnotbeeninthemoodtogooutwithfriends?IntheUSyoumightsayyoudon’tfeellikedoingthatactivity,butintheUKyouwouldsay,“Ican’tbeasked.”Maybeyou’reabouttotakeatestandfeelalittleanxious.IntheUS,youmightsayyouarenervous,butintheUK,onecouldsaytheyare“havingkittens”.IfsomeoneintheUKwerefeelingtheywereunderpressure,theymightsaytheyare“underthecosh”.EvenmanynativeEnglishspeakersareoftenconfusedbythemeaningsoftheseterms.StephanieStone,aUSnative,recallsherexperiencestudyingintheUK.“Peoplewouldask,‘Youallright?’FormonthsIthoughtIlookedunwelluntilIrealizeditjustmeant‘How’sitgoing?’.”IfyouwanttoknowmoreaboutUSandUKidioms,you’dbetter“haveabutcher’shook”atsomephrasebooks.Itcanbequiteinterestingtofind,theequivalent（對應(yīng)的）phrasesinyourownlanguage.20．WhatwouldyousayinAmericaifyouareunwillingtogooutwithfriends?A．Ican’tbeasked. B．I’munderthecosh. C．Idon’tfeellikedoingthat.21．HowmightStephanieStonefeelatfirstwhenasked‘Youallright?’intheUK?A．Surprised. B．Pleased. C．Tired.22．Whatdoesthephrase“haveabutcher’shook”inthelastparagraphmean?A．Getmanyskills. B．Havealook. C．Findsomewords.23．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．ThemeaningsofphrasesandidiomsintheUKandUS.B．ThehistoryofphrasesandidiomsintheUKandUS.C．ThedifferencesofphrasesandidiomsintheUKandUS.Passage6（2021·重慶八中九年級期中）Shadowpuppetplay(皮影戲),alsocalled“shadowplay”,isatraditionalChineseartofstorytelling.Dramaswereplayedoutinscreenorwallsforthousandsofyearstoentertain(娛樂)andteach.ItwasverypopularinmanypartsofChinaduringtheTang(618907)andSong(9601279)periods.Shadowpuppetsaremadeofhardleather(皮革).Theleatheriscutoutintheshapeofaperson,ananimaloranobject.Eachpuppetispaintedinbrightcolorsandputonastick.Differentcolorsareusedtoshowgoodandbadofpersoninthedrama.Somepuppetshavemovablearmsandlegs.They’reshownonthewhitescreenthroughthelight.Duringashadowpuppetplay,theplayersstandbehindawhitescreenwithlightsbehindit.Theaudiencesitinfrontofthescreen.Theplayersholdthepuppetsveryclosetothescreensotheaudiencecanseethepuppets’shadowsclearly.Thentheymovethepuppetsaroundanddothevoicesofthedifferentroles.NowbecauseofTVandfilms,shadowpuppetplaysarenotaspopularasbefore.Butthebasicprinciple(原理)andwaysofshadowperformanceplayedanimportantroleintheinventionofthemodernmovieandthedevelopmentofthemoviesandcartoons.Nowadays,theChineseshadowpuppetplayshavebeencollectedbymuseumsofmanycountriesintheworld.Itisthetreasureintheworldcultureandartfamily.24．Shadowpuppetplaywasverypopular________.A．betweentheyear907andtheyear960 B．beforetheTangandSongperiodsC．throughtheTangandSongperiods D．a(chǎn)ftertheTangandSongperiods25．________dothevoicesofthedifferentroles.A．Thepuppets B．Theplayers C．Theinventors D．Thescreen26．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A．Shadowplayisanartofstorytellingtoentertainandinstruct.B．Thecolorsofeachshadowpuppethavedifferentmeanings.C．Shadowplayisregardedasthetreasureintheworldculture.D．Shadowplayisunimportantforthedevelopmentofcartoons.27．Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe________.A．ShadowPlay—ATraditionalChineseArt B．TheHistoryofChineseShadowPlayC．HowtoPutonaShadowPlay D．TheStepstoMakeShadowPuppetsPassage7（2021·浙江·慈溪市上林初級中學(xué)九年級期中）Americansoftentrytosaythingsasquicklyaspossible.So,forsomeexpressions,weusethefirstlettersofthewordsinsteadofsayingeachword.Manymonexpressionsorlongnamesareshortenedthisway.BYOBisashortwayofsaying,“BringYourOwnBottle.”ThelettersBYOBareoftenfoundatthebottomofawritteninvitationtoasimplesocialeventorgatheringoffriends.Forexample,let’ssayIhadaNewYear’sEveparty.Imightincludeontheinvitation,“PleaseetomypartyandBYOB．”Thebottleeachpersonbringsiswhatthepersonwantstodrinkatthepartyorwantstoshare.However,aninvitationtoaspecialeventsuchasaweddingwouldneversayBYOB．Aninvitationtoanofficialorveryspecialeventoftenhasotherletterswrittenatthebottom.ThelettersareRSVP.TheselettersrepresenttheFrenchexpression,“RepondezS’ilVousPlait.”InEnglishthewordsmean,“RespondIfItPleasesYou.”Americansusethelettersasashortwaytosay,“Pleaseanswerthisinvitation.”AnotherexpressionusuallyusedforbusinessandnotpartiesisASAP.So,acolleaguemightsaysheneedssomethingdoneASAP.Itmeansassoonaspossible.ShemightalsoneedsomethingdonebyCOB．Thatmeansshewantstofinishitby“CloseOfBusiness”ortheendoftheworkday.Beginninglettersareoftenusedtorepresentthenamesofuniversities.AfamousoneisMIT.ThatisshortfortheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology.AnothermajoruniversityisUCLLA．Almostnooneeversaysitsrealname,theUniversityofCaliforniaatLosAngeles.Thattakeswaytoolong!28．WhyaresomemonexpressionsorlongnamesshortenedbyAmericans?A．Becauseit’seasytoread. B．Becauseitisquicktosay.C．Becauseitsoundsgood. D．Becauseit’sfasttowrite.29．RSVPmightbewritten________.A．a(chǎn)tthetopofaninvitationtoabusinesspartyB．a(chǎn)tthetopofaninvitationtoaweddingC．a(chǎn)tthebottomofaninvitationtoanofficialeventD．a(chǎn)tthebottomofaninvitationtoyourfriend’sparty30．Ifyouwanttochangeatopicwhenyouaretalkingwithsomeone,youmaysay________.A．BTW B．IDK C．TBH D．OMG31．What’sthepurposeofthispassage?A．Tointroduceashortwayofsaying.B．Toteachushowtosaysomethinginashortway.C．Totelluswhyweshouldsaysomethinginashortway.D．Toencourageustosaysomethinginashortway.Passage8（2021·江西·臨川一中九年級月考）TheLanternFestivalfallsonthe15thofthefirstmonthofthelunarcalendar（陰歷）.Thisdayisalwaysthefirstfullmooninthenewyear.AncientpeoplealsocalleditShangyuanFestival.CelebrationsandtraditionsonthisdaybeganfromtheHanDynasty（朝代）andbecamepopularintheTangDynasty.Watchingtheredlanternsisoneofthemaintraditions.Lanternsofdifferentshapesandsizesareusuallyputontrees,oralongriverbanksonshow.ItissaidthatskylanternswerefirstusedbyZhugeKongmingtoaskforhelpwhenhewasintrouble.Today,whenthelanternsslowlyriseintotheair.Anothertraditionisguessinglanternriddles（謎語）.Theriddlesareusuallyshort,wise（漢字）,afamousperson’sname,oraplacename.Themostimportantthingistoeatsweetdumplingswithdifferenttastes.InnorthernChina,theyarecalledyuanxiaowhileinsouthernpartthey’renamedtangyuan.Becausemakingsweetdumplingsislikeagameoranactivity,theyareusuallydonehappilybyagroupoffriendsorfamilymembers.Inoldtimes,theLanternFestivalwasalsoromantic（浪漫的）.Watchinglanternsgaveyoungpeopleachancetomeeteachother.AlinefromXinQiji,showsthis:HundredsandthousandsoftimesIsearchedforherinthecrowd.SuddenlyIturned,andthereshestood,inthedim（昏暗的）.32．WhendidcelebrationsandtraditionsoftheLanternFestivalstartfrom?A．TheHanDynasty. B．TheTangDynasty. C．TheSongDynasty. D．TheYuanDynasty.33．WhatwereskylanternsfirstusedforbyZhugeKongminginancienttimes?A．Makingwishes. B．Celebratingbirthdays.C．Encouragingthesoldiers. D．Askingforhelp.34．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutsweetdumplings?A．Theyhavedifferenttastes.B．Theyarenamed“yuanxiao”alloverthecountry.C．Peopleenjoytheprocessofmakingthem.D．AtLanternFestivalpeopleeatsweetdumplings.35．ThelinefromXinQijiinthepassageshowstheLanternFestivalwas________inoldtimes.A．boring B．humorous C．romantic D．excitingPassage9（2021·浙江·蕭山北干初中九年級月考）ThetraditionalChineselunarcalendardividestheyearinto24solarterms.GrainRain（谷雨）,asthelastterminspring,startsonApril19andendsonMay4.GrainRainesfromtheoldsaying,“Rainbringsupthegrowthofhundredsofgrains”,whichshowsthatthisperiodofrainfall

isveryimportantforthegrowthofcrops.Here’ssomethingthatyou

maynotknowabouttheGrainRain.HighertemperatureGrainRainfallsbetweentheend

ofspringandthebeginningofsummer,andthetemperature

risesmuchhigherthanitdoesinMarch.Withdrysoilandheavy

winds,sandstormsmayhappenmoreoften.DrinkingteaThereisan

oldcustominsouthern

ChinathatpeopledrinkteaonthedayofGrainRain.SpringteaduringGrainRainisgoodforthe

eyes.It

isalsosaidthatdrinkingteaonthisdaywouldpreventbadluck.Eatingtoonasinensis(香椿)PeopleinnorthernChinahavethetraditiontoeatthevegetabletoonasinensisduringGrainRain.AnoldChinesesayinggoes“toonasinensisbeforetherainisastenderassilk”（嫩如絲）.Thevegetableisgoodforthestomachandskin.TheGrainRainFestivalTheGrain

RainFestivaliscelebratedby

fishing

villagesinnorthernChina.GrainRainmarksthestartofthefishermen’sfirstvoyage（航行）ofthe

year.Thecustomdatesbacktomorethan2000yearsago,whenpeoplebelievedtheyowedagoodharvesttothegods,whoprotectedthemfromthestormyseas.36．HowmanypiecesofinformationdoesthepassagegiveaboutGrainRainthatwemaynotknow?A．2 B．3 C．4 D．537．WhichdayisinGrainRain?A．April13 B．April25 C．May6 D．May1938．Whichofthefollowingisnotthebenefitofeatingthevegetabletoonasinensis?A．Keepingyourskinsmooth B．MakingyourstomachstrongC．Tastingreallygood D．Breathingsmoothly39．InthecoastalareasofnorthernChina,theGrainRainFestivalmeans_________.A．eatingthevegetables B．thestartofthefishermen’sfirstvoyageoftheyearC．thestartoftheheavyrain D．thestartofdrinkingteaPassage10（2021·河北·獻(xiàn)縣教育體育局教研室九年級期末）EnglishisbeingmoreandmorepopularinChina.Itcanbe