英語一版自考課程代碼00012一串講筆記

自考英語（一）串講筆記TextANon-verbal一、New1）nonverbal（a.）verbal自考英語（一）串講筆記TextANon-verbal一、New1）nonverbal（a.）verbal言語的，言詞的；non不……，非……2）dislike（vt./n.）1）listener（n.）writer（n.）manager（n.）1.經(jīng)理；2.2）European（a.）1.歐洲的；2.（n.）an結(jié)尾表示“人”3）approve（v.）approval（n.）1.批準(zhǔn)，通過；2.arrive/arrival4）reaction（n.）1.反應(yīng)（力），反作用（力）；2.5）appearance（n.）1.出現(xiàn)，露面；2.6）closeness（n.）1.緊密；2.7）tenseness（n.）緊張；繃緊intense（a.）8）embarrassment（n.）1.窘迫；2.9）culture（n.）cultural（a.）1.文化的；2.10）invasion（n.）invade（v.）11）nervous（a.）1.神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的；2.nerve（n.）12）casually（ad.）1.偶然地，碰巧地；2.“by1）oral（a.）Forexample：OralEnglish2）frown（vi.）1.“by1）oral（a.）Forexample：OralEnglish2）frown（vi.）1.皺眉；2.不滿，用皺眉對…表示不滿（Forexample：Heisfrowningatthosewordsonthewall.3）staff（［復(fù)］staffs）（n.）1.全體職工，全體人員；2.（vt.）為…Forexample1：Theschool'steachingstaffisexcellent.Forexample2：Fivestaffmemberswenttodiscusstheirworkingconditionswithmanager.4）appearance（n.）1.出現(xiàn)，露面；2.Forexample：Thelion'sappearanceinthevillagecausegreatpanic.5）control（vt./n.）1.控制，支配；2.incontrolof控制了outofcontrolbeyondundercontrol6）false（a.）1.假的，偽造的；2.wrong（錯的）←→right（正確的）7）confess（vt./vi.）1.承認(rèn)；2.4.Phrasesand1）forshortForexample：WearetalkingaboutNationalBasketballAssociationNBAforshort.們正在談?wù)搰一@球協(xié)會，縮寫是2）tofiddlewith1.擺弄，玩弄；2.Forexample：Asaaccountantyoushouldnotfiddlewithaccounts.Forexample：Asaaccountantyoushouldnotfiddlewithaccounts.3）tolackin在…Forexample：Theyoungalwayslackinexperience.4）andsoon/andsoforth/etcForexample：Mymotherboughtmanyvegetablesfromthemarketsuchas.5）Sofar迄今為止，就此范圍（或程度等）SofarbyForexample：SheisthehardeststudentIhaveseensofar.6）Infact7）AsthesayinggoesForexample：Asthesayinggoesdon'ttrytorunbeforeyoucanwalk.在你學(xué)會走路之前不要想著去跑。（你還沒有具備那樣的能力，就不要硬逞能。8）TospeakvolumesForexample：Whatthespeakersaidattheendofthelecturespeaksvolumes.那個二、TextNonverbalCommunication（非語言文字的交流Ifanyoneaskedyouwhatwerethemainmeansofcommunicationbetweenwhatwouldyousay？Thatisn'tacatch1.catch做動詞表示“抓住、趕上”catchhardtoanswer，“答的”Theanswerissimpleandobvious.Itwouldalmostcertainlyrefertomeanscommunicationthatinvolvetheuseof2.refertoSpeakersandlisteners-oralcommunication，andwritersandreaders-writtencommunication.Andyou'dbequiteright.Thereis，however，anotherformcommunicationwhichweallusemostofthetime，usuallywithoutknowingit.Thissometimescalledbodylanguage.Itsmoretechnicalnameissometimescalledbodylanguage.Itsmoretechnicalnameisnon-verbalNon-verbal，becauseitdoesnotinvolvetheuseofwords.NVCfor文字進(jìn)行的?？s寫是Whensomeoneissayingsomethingwithwhichheagrees，theaverageEuropeanwillsmileandnodapproval.Ontheotherhand，ifyoudisagreewithwhattheyaresaying，youmayfrownandshakeyourhead.Inthiswayyousignalyourreactions，andcommunicatethemtothespeakerwithoutsayinga3.average（n./a.）4.signaln.信號；v.Forexample：Hesignaledmetositdown.Ireferredamomentagoto“theaverageEuropean”，becausebodylanguageisverymuchtiedtoculture，andinordernottomisunderstand，ornottobemisunderstood，5.tie——n.領(lǐng)帶；v.系、關(guān)聯(lián)；常用短語：betiedtobeconnectedwith和……有關(guān)聯(lián)、和QuitealotofworkisnowbeingdoneonthesubjectofNVC，whichisobviouslyimportant，forinstance，tomanagers，whohavetodealeverydaywiththeirstaff，andhavetounderstandwhatotherpeoplearefeelingiftheyaretocreategoodworking譯：關(guān)于“非語言文字的交流”6.bebeing+7.dealwithsth意思是“處理……事情dealwithsb意思是“跟某人打交道”betodoBodylanguage，orNVCsignals，aresometimesBodylanguage，orNVCsignals，aresometimescategorisedintofivekinds：1.bodyappearance；and5.thequalityofspeech.Iexpectyouunderstoodallthose，exceptperhaps“proximity.Thissimplymeans“closeness”Insomecultures-andIamsurethisisaculturalfeatureandnotanindividualone-itisquitenormalforpeopletostandclosetogether，ortomoreorlessthrusttheirfaceintoyourswhentheyaretalkingtoyou.Inothercultures，thisisdisliked；Americans，forinstance，talkaboutinvasionoftheir譯：在某些文化習(xí)俗當(dāng)中——8.moreorlessSomesignalsareprobablycommontoallofus.Ifapublicspeaker（likeaprofessor，forexample）isallthetimefiddlingwithapencil，orwithhisglasses，whileheistalkingtoyou，heistellingyouquiteclearlythatheisnervous.Apersonwhoholdsahandoverhismouthwhenheistalkingissignalingthatheislackinginconfidence.Ifyoustartwrigglinginyourchairs，lookingsecretlyatyourwatchesoryawningbehindyourhands，IshallsoongetthemessagethatI'mboringyou.Andsoon.I'msureyoucouldmakeawholelistofsuchsignals-anditmightbefunifyou等。我敢肯定你們會把這類感到厭倦的信號列出一整張紙來——9.makealist（of）羅列（羅列什么東西）；list自身可以做動詞“羅列Forexample：MakealistoftheitmightbefunifyoudidAllthesignalsIhavementionedsofarcanbecontrolled.Ifyouareawarethatyouaredoingthesethings，youcanstop.Youcanevenlearntogivefalsesignals.Mostpublicspeakersareinfactnervous，butagoodspeakerlearnstohidethisbygivingoffsignalsof10.mentionspeakofsofarbeawarethatinfact11.bygivingoff通過發(fā)出（虛假信號）OtherkindsofNVCarenotsoeasytocontrol.Eyecontact，forinstance.Unlessyouareconfessingintenselove，beawarethatinfact11.bygivingoff通過發(fā)出（虛假信號）OtherkindsofNVCarenotsoeasytocontrol.Eyecontact，forinstance.Unlessyouareconfessingintenselove，youhardlyeverlookintosomeoneelse'seyesforveryIfyoutryit，you'llfindtheywillsoonlookaway，probablyinwhichconcernthewaypeopledressandthewaytheyspeak.Thesearebothprettyobvioussignals.Peoplemaydresscasuallyandspeakcasually，whichsignalsthattheyarerelaxed.Ortheycandressformallyandspeakformally，showingtheirtenseness.Infact，non-verbalcommunicationcan，asthesayinggoes，speak12.pretty（a.）beautifulquite、very三、VocabularyⅠ。Foreachsentencefillintheblankwiththeproperformsofthewordsgivenatbeginning.Pleasepayattentiontothepartofspeechofeach1.embarrassment（n.）窘迫a.Ioftenfeelembarrassedinthepresenceofb.Thelittlegirlraisedaratherembarrassingc.Youcan'timaginemyembarrassmentathavingforgottenherd.Themodernchildembarrasseslesseasilythan50years2.close（a.）close（v.）closeness（n.）a.Shemadeaclosestudyoftherelationshipbetweencultureandb.ThebankhasdecidedtocloseitsNewYorkc.Asphereisaclosedsurfaceofd.Insomecountriesmoreeyecontactimpliesmoreclosenessof3.approve（v.）approval（n.）disapprove（v.c.Asphereisaclosedsurfaceofd.Insomecountriesmoreeyecontactimpliesmoreclosenessof3.approve（v.）approval（n.）disapprove（v.）a.Wealllikeotherstoshowapprovalofwhatweb.Heshookhisheadinc.Thegovernmenthasapprovedthefinancialprogramforthecomingd.Istronglydisapproveofyour4.appearancedisappearappeara.Theappearanceoftheoldgrayhousemadeusthinkthatitwasb.Theadvertisementdidn'tappearinyesterday'sNewYorkc.Thedisappearanceoftheairplanebroughtaboutasearchofthed.Thetruckdisappearedintothe5tense（v.）intense（a.）tenseness（n.）intensity（n.）a.Abadburncausesintenseb.Theheatcontinueswithincreasedc.Hismusclestensedwhenheheardthebadd.Onemustlearntohideone'stensenesswhenspeakinginFillinthefollowingblankswiththewordslistedbelowintheirpropernon-1.Theboyconfessedthathehadbrokenthe2.Theplanesuddenlywentoutof3.Theoldmandislikeshiswifealthoughtheyhavebeenmarriedforthirty4.Theyoungladyismakingherfirstappearanceatthe5.Theheadmasterandhisstaffshouldallspeakatthe6.Doyouknowhowtopracticeoral7.Theprofessormadeabriefintroductiontohis8.Art，likegesture，isa7.Theprofessormadeabriefintroductiontohis8.Art，likegesture，isaformofnon-verbal9.Thefatherexpressedhisapprovalofwhattheson10.HeonlycasuallyputinaremarkwhenwetalkedabouttheTextBBody一、NewForexample：asatisfyingspeech.Forexample：Myfatherissatisfiedwithmystudy.ForexamplebookloverForexamplebooklover4.Phrasesand1）totakealikingto（for）Forexample：HehasagreatlikingforChinesegreentea.2）toworryaboutForexample：Hehasbeenoutofhomeforthreemonths，sohismotherworrieshissafetyverymuch.3）apartfrom除去，撇開，除…Forexample：Apartfromthecostoflivinghisuniversitylifeisquitegood.4）tocomplainof/aboutForexample：Don'talwayscomplainoftheothers.5）toletalone1.不管，不弄；2.Forexample：Whenachildiscryingyoushouldletitaloneorhewillcrymore6）attimes7）totakenoteofForexample：Whenyoumakeexperimentsinthelaboratoryyoushouldtakenoteofthechanges.當(dāng)你在實驗室做實驗的時候，你應(yīng)當(dāng)注意所發(fā)生的變化。二、TextBodyTalk（身體語言Haveyoueverwonderedwhyyousometimestakeanalmostimmediatelikingtopersonyouhavejustmet？Orworriedaboutwhysomeoneyouweretalkingtobecamecoolanddistant？Thechancesarethatitbecamecoolanddistant？Thechancesarethatitwasn'tanythingthatwassaidsomethingthathappened：agesture，amovement，atakealikingto1.Thechancesarethat…whathappenswhenpeoplegettogether，apartfromtheiractual社會科學(xué)家們現(xiàn)在特別注意“非語言文字的交流”2.devoteto投身于……，獻(xiàn)身于whatnonverbalcommunicationProfessorErvingGoffmanoftheUniversityofPennsylvaniaisinvolvedinacontinuingstudyofthewaypeoplebehaveinsocialinteraction.Hefeelsthatgestures，3.beinvolvedinTheclosenessoftwopeoplewhentalking，movementtowardsandawayfromeachother，andtheamountofeyecontactallrevealsomethingaboutthenatureoftherelationshipbetweenthetwoindividuals.Wetendtobeonlysubconsciouslyaware，ifatall，ofthevariouspatternsandritualsofsocialbehavior.Weexpectotherpeopletoactaccordingtothesame“rules”thatwedo，somuchsothatthemannersandbehaviorofpersonsfromanotherculturecanbeextremely“規(guī)矩”辦事，以致于來自4.ifatall“rulesthatwedodo5.somuchsothatFoxexample，NorthAmericanstendtoexpectmorephysicaldistancebetweentwospeakersthandoLatinAmericans.Consequently，whentheLatinAmericanseemstobeleaningtooclose，theNorthAmericancomplainsof“invasionofhisspace.”TheLatinAmerican，ontheotherhand，oftenconsiderstheNorthAmericantobe“cold”or“distant”becausehekeepsagreaterdistancebetweenhimselfandthepersonheisspeaking“侵犯了他的私人空間”相反，拉丁美洲的人經(jīng)常認(rèn)為北美洲的人待人都很“冷淡”或“疏遠(yuǎn)”“侵犯了他的私人空間”相反，拉丁美洲的人經(jīng)常認(rèn)為北美洲的人待人都很“冷淡”或“疏遠(yuǎn)”，因為北美洲人自己總是跟談話對方之Eyecontactisonewayofmeasuringthedegreeofclosenessofrelationshipbetweentwospeakers，althoughthereareculturalvariationsinthemeaningofeyecontact.IntheMiddleEast，forexample，itisconsideredextremelyprovocativeforawomantoletamancatchhereye，letalonereturnhisgaze.SocialpsychologistMichaelArgyleobservesthatthereismoreeyecontactbetweenpeoplewholikeeachotherthanthosewhoareindifferentorhostiletowardseach6.catchone'seyes7.beindifferenttobehostiletoAndthelongerthelengthofthegaze，themorelikelyitisthatthelistenerismoreinterestedinthepersonwhoisspeaking，thantheactualtopicofconversation.Frequentlylookingdowncanindicatesubmissivenessorembarrassment.Lookingawayrepeatedlymayexpressboredomordislike.Womentendtoengageinmoreeyecontactthanmen，especiallywhentalkingtoother8.engageinButtoosteadyeyecontactcanmakeonefeeluneasyattimes.Mostpeoplebecomeuncomfortableundertheintensegazeofastare.Onescientistsuggeststhatperhapsonereasonthatmanbecomestenseundertheforceofastareisinhisbiologicalancestors：inapes，astaresignifiesaggressivenessandhostility.ThepersonwhoinsistentlyfixeshiseyesonourfaceisoftenmoresuccessfulinarousingourdislikethanimpressinguswithhisdirectnessandSimilarly，thesmilecannotalwaysbeinterpretedasasignoffriendliness.Thepersonwhosmilesalmostconstantlyandwithlittleapparentreasonmakesusuneasy.Eventhoughhemaybelievethatheisexpressingfriendliness，hemayreallyseemnervousandtense.Inotheranimals，baredteethareawarninggesture，adangerGenuinewarmthorinterestcanberevealedintheeyes，suggestsDr.Genuinewarmthorinterestcanberevealedintheeyes，suggestsDr.EckhardHessoftheUniversityofChicago，whobelievesthatthepupilso