第三章第5講閱讀理解（三）學(xué)案

課程主題：閱讀理解（三）學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)1.掌握詞義猜測類閱讀理解的考查類型；2.掌握詞義猜測類閱讀理解的解題技巧。教學(xué)內(nèi)容【進(jìn)門測試】Apanysasithspltedthefist3Dprintdhomerntl.Thehomewsshowntorpotesndvisitorstamusicstival.Thebuildingpanyhsdvlopdlage3Dpintrsthatbuildhomswithmort,ahrdndstrongmatril.tussrobotics,putrpogmsnddvndmatrilstomakehouss.Jsonllrdisthepn'shiefninee.Somstandinginfrontofthefist3DpintdhomeinAmric.Thishousewstullyprintdinhihwinds,blowingdustndrin."Itisimportntforthepitingpormmstooperteinbdwtheronditions,suchswtherdisastes.Theolistopinthomesindvlopingountris.Sothepintrhstobelihtnouhtomovefomonepoptytothenxt.llrdiminsthtsomeda,many3Dpinterswilloprteroundthewoldtomakehomes."tstullyalotmoresimpletobuildapintrthanitistobuildahous,"hesid.ernthispintrtboutaqurtrspdtopintthishous,ndplteditinbout48hoursofprinttim."Thepanydvlopdthistehnologynottomkemoneybuttohlpprovideaquick,hphousingsolutionforthemillionsofpoplewhonditmost.Threreboutabillionpoplethatdonthveoneoflifsmostbsichumannds,ndthatssafeshelte.llrdsashispanylrdywoksonhousingnedswithpoorfmilisindifrntrs.uthesasthattorellymkeadifrn,thepormwillndtobegetlyimpovd.Hedddthatsincethe3Dpintingpossissomuhfsterthantrditionalhomebuildin,awholemunityouldbebuiltinjustafwmonths.Heblivsovrtime,poplentthenwhomeblow$4,000withthehlpof3pinters.32.Whatkindofbuildingmaterialcanbeusedin3Dprintingaccordingtothepassage?A.lightbutstrong B.lightandsoft.C.strongbutexpensive D.hardandstrong.33.WhtisthemeningoftheundrlinedwordpoptyinPrarph3?A.lndfrfrming.landorbuildinghoussC.landorisingnimlsD.lndfrunningpanis34.twilltakebout________hourstopintahouseiftheprintristitsfullsped.A.12.24 C.36 D.4835.Whtisthebsttitleforthispassa?A.Theutureof3Dpinting.TheHistoryof3DprintingC.TheNwUseof3DpintingD.Thenstrutionsof3Dpinting【多元導(dǎo)學(xué)】某老外苦學(xué)漢語十年，到中國參加漢語考試，試題如下：題目：請解釋下文中每個(gè)“意思”的意思。阿呆給領(lǐng)導(dǎo)送紅包時(shí)，兩人的對話頗有意思。領(lǐng)導(dǎo)：“你這是什么意思？”阿呆：“沒什么意思，意思意思?！鳖I(lǐng)導(dǎo)：“你這就不夠意思了?！卑⒋簦骸靶∫馑?，小意思?！鳖I(lǐng)導(dǎo)：“你這人真有意思?！卑⒋簦骸捌鋵?shí)也沒有別的意思。”領(lǐng)導(dǎo)：“那我就不好意思了?！卑⒋簦骸笆俏也缓靡馑肌！苯Y(jié)果：老外淚流滿面，交白卷回國了……【互動(dòng)精講】詞義猜測類閱讀【知識(shí)梳理1】詞義猜測的基本要求和特點(diǎn)所謂詞義猜測是指在閱讀過程中根據(jù)對語篇的信息、邏輯、背景知識(shí)及語言結(jié)構(gòu)等的綜合理解去猜測或推斷某一生詞、難詞、關(guān)鍵詞甚至短語或句子的意義。詞義猜測題在中考中一般考一至兩道，要求學(xué)生在掌握一定的詞匯量的基礎(chǔ)上，能獨(dú)立閱讀部分生詞，理解生詞的含義?？疾閷W(xué)生通過上下文提供的線索或生詞本身的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)對詞義作出正確判斷的能力?！局R(shí)梳理2】常見的命題方式1.Whatdoestheword“_____”in.....mean?2.Itcanbeinferred（推斷，推論）/concluded（推斷）(fromthepassage)thattheword“_____”means_____.3.Theword...implies（意味，暗示）that_____.4.Whichofthefollowingistheclosestmeaningoftheword?5.Whatdoyouthinkoftheexpression_______standsfor?6.Theword“_____”inthepassageprobablymeans________.7.Inthisstorytheunderlinedword“_______”means_______.【知識(shí)梳理3】推理判斷題的常見設(shè)問方式1.Wecaninfer/concludefromthepassagethat______.2.Itcanbeinferred/concluded(fromthepassage)that________.3.Theauthorstronglysuggeststhat_______________.4.Whatdoyouthinkwouldhappen(to…)attheendofthestory?/next?5.Wecaninferfromthetextthat_______.6.Fromthestorywecanguess_____7.Here“it”means________.8.Theunderlinedword“it”inthepassagerefersto_______.9.Thepassageisprobablyfrom_______【知識(shí)梳理4】詞義猜測解題技巧1.結(jié)合語境猜測【例題精講】例1.Amotherheldhernewbabyandveryslowlyrockedhimbackandforth,backandforth,backandforth.Andwhilesheheldhim,shesang:I'llloveyouforever,I'lllikeyouforalways,AslongasI'mliving,mybabyyou'llbe.Thelittleboygrew.Hegrewuntilhewasnineyearsold.Andheneverwantedtoeinfordinner,heneverwantedtotakeabath,andwhengrandmavisited,healwayssaidbadwords.Sometimeshismotherwantedtosellhimtothezoo!Theboygrew.Hegrewuntilhewasateenager.Hehadstrangefriendsandheworestrangeclothesandhelistenedtostrangemusic.Sometimesthemotherfeltlikeshewasinazoo!Thatteenagergrew.Hegrewuntilhewasagrownupman.Helefthomeandgotahouseacrosstown.Well,thatmother,shegotolder.Shegotolderandolderandolder.Onedayshecalleduphersonandsaid,"You'dbetteretoseemebecauseI'mveryoldandsick."Sohersoncametoseeher.Whenhecameinthedoorshetriedtosingthesong:I'llloveyouforever,I'lllikeyouforalways,Butshecouldn'tfinishbecauseshewastoooldandsick.Thesonwenttohismother.Heheldherinhisarmsveryslowlyrockedhimbackandforth,backandforth,backandforth.Andhesangthissong:I'llloveyouforever,I'lllikeyouforalways,AslongasI'mliving,myMommyyou'llbe.34.Theunderlinedphrase“Aslongas”meanssimilarto___________?A.since B.if C.while D.though例2.Houseworkisanendlessargumentbetweenlazyhusbandsandtheirhardworkingwives,butwomenarewarnednottoexpectmentosharehouseworkanytimesoon.AstudyfromOxfordUniversityhasfounditseemsimpossibleformentobedoinganequalshareofhouseworkbefore2050.Motherswillcontinuetoshouldertheburden(負(fù)擔(dān))ofchildcareandhouseworkforthenextfortyyears,largelybecausehouseworksuchascleaningandcookingisstillthoughtoftobe“women’swork”.Thegap(鴻溝)hasnarrowedslowlyoverthepast40years.Womenexpecttrueequality(平等).Butwhatmakesthemdownisthatitwilltakeanotherfortyyearsbeforeitisachieved.TheresearchfoundthatinthenorthernEurope,theburdenofhouseworkissharedmoreequallybetweenmenandwomen.IntheUK,awomanspendsaroundfourhoursandfortyminuteseachdayonhousework,paredwithtwohoursandtwentyeightminutesformen.Thisisanimprovementfromthe1960s,whenBritishwomentypically(典型地)spentsixhoursadayonhousework,whilemenspentjust90minuteseveryday.Butprogresstowardshouseworkequalityappearstobeslowinginsomecountries.DrOrielSullivan,aresearchreader,said,“we’velookedatwhatisinfluencingtheequalityinthehome,andwehavefoundthatcertaintasksseemtobegivenaccordingtowhethertheyareviewedas‘men’swork’or‘women’swork’.”DrSullivansaidculturalattitudes(態(tài)度)taughtatschoolmaydecidetheviewsofhousework.“Atschoolitismucheasierforagirltobeatomboy,butitismuchmoredifficultforaboytoenjoycookinganddancing,”shesaid.37.Theunderlined“it”inParagraph3refersto(指代)___________.A.theresearch B.truehouseworkC.trueequality D.thegap【鞏固練習(xí)】StephenHawking,themostfamousscientistofhistime,diedwhenhewas76onMarch14,2018.HediedpeacefullyonWednesdayathishomeinCambridge,England.Hawkingwasaphysicist.Hewasknownworldwideforexplainingsubjectslikethebeginningsoftheuniverse(宇宙)andwhatblackholesare.HegottheALS(漸凍癥)in1963,.Atthattime,doctorssaidhewouldonlyliveafewyears,Butheprovedthemwrongbylivingforover50yearsmoreandgoingonwithhisscientificwork.Thediseasefinallyputhiminawheelchairandtookawayhisabilitytospeak,Formanyyears,Hawkingmunicatedbyusingaspecialtoolbutnotinhisownvoice.His1988book“BriefHistoryofTime"becameaninternationalbestsellerandmadehimworldfamousHawkingwasalsoknownforhissuccessfulresearchonblackholes.HisworkisknownasHawkingradiation.Inhis2013book“MyBriefHistory”,Hawkingwroteabouthisideasoftheillness,Ifeltitwasveryunfairwhyshouldthishappentome?"Headded,"Atthetime,IthoughtmylifewasoverandthatIwouldneverrealizetheabilityIfeltIhad.""Butnow,mygoalissimple,”Hawkingoncesaid."Itisapleteunderstandingoftheuniversewhatitisandwhyitisthere.”Hawkingwasabigsupporterofhumanspacetravel,especiallythespacetraveltotheMoonandMars.HesaiditwouldhelphumansinamonpurposeofspreadingthemselvesbeyondtheEarth."Wearerunningoutofspaceandtheonlyplacestogotoareotherworlds.Itistimetoexploreothersolarsystems.Spreadingoutmaybetheonlythingthatsavesusfromourselves.IbelievethathumansneedtoleavetheEarth“hesaidlastyear.36.StephenHawkingwasagreatscientistandhe_______.A.wasbornin1940inCambridgeB.passedawaypeacefullyinahospitalC.wasfamousforhistraveltotheMoonD.madepeopleunderstandtheuniversebetter37.Paragraph3showsthat_____.A.HawkingdiedonlyafewyearsafterhegottheALSB.doctorsplayedanimportantroleinHawking’sdailylifeC.howHawking'sdiseasewascausedandhowhewastreatedD.HawkingmanagedtogoonwithscientificworkwiththeALS38.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"inParagraph6mean?A.runningoutofthespaceB.asupporterofspacetravelC.amonpurposeofhelpinghumansD.humanspacetraveltotheMoonandMars39.Therightorderofthefollowingeventsshouldbe_____.a.HawkinggottheALSin1963b.HawkingpassedawaythisMarchc.Hawkingwrote"MyBriefHistory“whichisabouthisillness2013d.Hawkingwrote"ABriefHistoryofTime“anditmadehimworldfamous1988A.a,d,c,bB.a,b,c,dC.b,a,c,dD.d,ac,b40.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat______.A.Hawkingalwaysbelievedthathewouldbesuccessful.B.Hawkingmunicatedbyaspecialtoolinhisownvoice.C.HawkingbelievedspreadingoutcouldhelpsavepeopleontheEarth.D.Hawkingdidn’tbeefamousuntil"MyBriefHistory"waspublished.2.通過定義或釋義關(guān)系來猜測詞義【例題精講】例1.DoyouknowthatsomewordsinEnglishweretakenfromChinese?TheyaremostoftenfromCantonese,thelanguageusedbypeoplefromGuangdongProvince.Word1:typhoonInEnglish,atyphoonisaverypowerfulstormthathappensaroundtheChinaSea.AccordingtothemerriamwebsterNewBookorWordHistories,thefirsttyphoonsreportedintheEnglishlanguagewereinIndiaandwerecalled‘touffons’or‘tufans’.Theymeantgreatstormorflood.Later,whenEnglishshipsmetviolentwindandrainintheChinaSea,EnglishmenlearnedtheCantoneseword"taifung",whichmeansgreatwind.ThemodernformofthewordtyphoonwasspelledinanotherwaytomakeitlikeanEnglishword.Word2:ketchupMostAmericanswouldhaveahardtimebelievingthatketchupwasnotcreatedrighthereintheUSA.KetchupisAmericasmostpopularsauce.Butthestoryofketchupbeganmorethan500yearsagoinsoutheastAsia.Theword‘ketchup’probablycamefromaChineseword‘ketsiap’.ThewordfirstmettheEnglishlanguageinthelate17thcentury,whenaBritishpersoninIndonesiafoundthissauce.BackinEngland,‘ketchup’onceincludedmanytypesofsauces.Later,EnglishpeoplebroughtketchupwiththemtotheUSAandputtomatoesinituntilthemid19thcentury.28.Theunderlinedword‘violent’inParagraph4means_______A.softB.strongC.quietD.noisy例2.Hannahwalkedaloneinthewoodsandfeltsad.Shewasnineyearsoldbutshehadalreadyseenmanychangesinhershortlife.Theyweren’tallbadthings.Somewereprettywonderful.Hannahlovedhavinghernewlittlesisterandherstepmother,Emma,wasjustlovely.Shehadtostartatanotherschoolsoon,butshewasalwaysabletomakefriends.Evenso,hersecretselfwishedthatthingsdidn’thavetochangeatall.“Whydopeoplehavetoleave,familiesmove,alittlegirlgrowsup?”Thesethoughtsmadeherfeelworried.Hannahkickedastoneonthepathandithitahugeoaktree.Shewalkednearertothetree.“AmIdreaming?”Hannahrubbed(揉)hereyes.Thetreewasmoving!Itsbigbrancheswerereachingouttoher.Soon,shewasencircled(包圍)bybranchesandleaves.Thenshebecameonewiththetree.Herbrownhairgrewlongerandlonger,asitcurledaroundtheleaves.Herbodygrewstronganditmixedwiththeoutercoveringoftreeuntiltheysharedonetrunk.Herarmsandlegsreachedout.Hannah’sspiritsoftlysettledintoitsnewhomeandshebecameaforestgoddess.Hannahwasnowpartofthewoodland.Seasonschangedandbroughtwonderandwarmthtoher.Winterwasquietandpeaceful.Inthespringtime,shebreathedintherichsmellofthesoilandenjoyedthegreennewlifeintheforest.Herfavoriteseasonwasautumn.Herleavesbecamewonderfulcolorsandshelovedtowatchthemdancinginwind.Hannahobservedhowthingsdidn’tstaythesameinnature’sworld.Shesawyounganimalsbornandthespiritofoldcreaturespasson.Withinthetree,shespenthoursseeingthecloudsmoveacrossthesky.Sometimesitwasfair,andsometimesheavyandgray.Intheeveningshewatchedthestarstwinkleagainstthenightsky.Aspartoftheforest,Hannahcametolovethechangingworldaroundher.Suddenly,anuthitherhead.Asquirrelhidfromthetreequickly.Oh,sherealizedherselfnapping(打盹)undertheoaktree.Whatawonderfuldream!Hannahleanedhercheekagainstthebarkandgavethanksfortheirtimetogether.Thenshewentbackhome,thinkingandsmiling…37.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“She”inparagraph1referto?A.Hannah.B.Thelittlesister.C.Emma.D.Thestepmother.39.What’sthepossiblemeaningof“observed”inParagraph5?A.watchedcarefully.B.atecarefully.C.dancedhappily.D.sanghappily.例3.Haveyoueverthoughtabouthowmuchwateryouuseinaday?StartingFebruary1st,eachpersoninCapeTown,SouthAfricareceivedadailysupplyof13.2gallonsofwaterwhichisonlyenoughfora10minuteshower!Thisrestriction(限制)wasintroducedinpreparationforApril22nd,alsoknownasDayZero,onwhichthecitywillturnoffallmunicipal(市政)watertapsbecauseoftheoveruseoffreshwatertheseyears.Overthepastthreeyears,CapeTownhassufferedfromadangerousdrought(干旱).That,alongwithagrowingpopulationoffourmillionpeople,hascausedwatersupplydropstrongly.AsofNovember2017,thewaterlevelintheirlargestwaterreservoir(水庫)haddroppedto28%from102.9%in2014.Thatamountisexpectedtoedownto13.5%

byApril22,2018.What’sworse,thelast10%ofthereservoir’slevelsarenotpotable(safetodrink)becauseofthedirtatthebottom.Firstly,researchersthoughtthecauseofthedroughtwasElNi?o.CapeTowncouldbeethefirstevermajorcitytorunoutofwater.Thegovernmenthascalledonpeopletoconservethelittlewatertheyhaveleftbywayofprevention,includingstoppingcarwashingandfillingupswimmingpools.Theyareaskingthepublictocutshowerstotwominutesandreusebathingwatertoflushthetoilet.WhenCapeTownreachesDayZero,therewillbe200waterstationsscatteredacrossthetownforpeopletoreceivetheirdailysupplyof6.6gallons.Armedguardswillstandbytomakesurethereisnoviolenceortheft.ThewatershortagehasalreadyinfluencedallpartsofCapeTown.People’slivesarebeingaffected,withthoseinthetourismindustryandbusinesseslikecarwashing,seeingnochancetomakealiving.Therelationshipbetweenpeoplealsobeesworseasneighborsareencouragedtoreporteachotherforwaterwasteandthegovernmentplanstocollectadroughttaxastheyarelosingtaxmoneybecauseofthelowwateruse.38.WhatdoesthewordconserveinParagraph4mean?A.produce B.protect C.promise D.prepare3.通過同義詞和反義詞的關(guān)系猜詞【例題精講】例1.Let’ssupposeitisamondayof2060.Ofcourse,thingshavechangedandlifeisverydifferent.TripstotheMoonarebeingmadeeveryday.TakingaholidayontheMoontodayisaseasyastakingaholidayinEuropein2016.Atanumberofscenicspots(風(fēng)景勝地)ontheMoon,manyhotelshavebeenbuilt.InorderthateveryonecanenjoythebeautifulsceneryontheMoon,everyroomhasatleastonepicturewindow.Everythingimaginableisprovidedforentertainmentoftheyoungandold.Whatarepeopleeatingnow?Peoplearestilleatingfood.Butmanyfoodsnoweinpillform,andthefoodthatgoesintothepillesmainlyfromgreenplants.Farming,ofcourse,isveryhighlydeveloped.Veryfewpeoplehavetoworkonthefarm.Itispossibletorunthefarmbyjustusingafewputers.Peoplearenowlargelyvegetarians(素食者),andtheyeatonlybread,vegetables,fruitandsoonandtheydon’teatmeatorfish.Yousee,asthenumberofpeopleincreases,thenumberofanimalsdecreases.Sopeoplehavetobevegetarians.Wearehealthierbothinourbodiesandinourminds,andweknowhowtodealwithallkindsofillnesses.Noonehastobeillanymore.39.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“decrease”meaninParagraph4?A.Tobeeless. B.Tobeeexact.C.Tobeelarger. D.Tobeeunknown. 【課堂檢測】閱讀理解限時(shí)訓(xùn)練（每篇58分鐘）1.Rickisastudentatanexpensiveprivateuniversity.Heisluckybecausehehasawonderfulofferfromtheuniversity’ssportsdepartment.Hecanstudyforfreebecauseheisagreatbasketballplayer,andtheteamneedshim.ButRicklikesgoingtopartiesmorethanstudying.Hegoesoutwithhisfriendsfourorfivetimesaweek.Rickmissesalotofclassesbecauseheusuallydoesn’tfeelwellinthemorningafterpartyingallnight.Hetriestodohisbestatbasketballpractice,buthefeelssicktheresometimes,too.RickgetssometeammatestogooutwithhimonaWednesdaynight.Theyareallhavinglotsoffunverylatethatnightanddrinkingalot.Theydecidetoplaybasketballoutside.Astheyplay,oneteammatefallsandbreakshisarm.Theyhavetotakehimtothehospital,andtheyareallveryupset.Naturally,Rick’scoachisveryangry.“Ispoketoyourteachers,”hiscoachsays.“Youmisslotsofclassesandyourgradesareverybad.Andifyoudonotimproveyourgrades,youwillhavetoleavetheteamandtheuniversity.Youhavesomethinkingtodo.”Rickisshockedathiscoach’swords.Hedoesnotwanttoleavetheteam!Hethinksabouthisparentsandhisgrandparents.Theyaresoproudofhim,andhislittlebrothertoldRickhewashishero.Rickknowsthathecandomuchbetter.Rickwantstoshowhisfamilyandhisteamthatheisresponsible.Andmostofall,hisdreamistoplaybasketballatabiguniversity!Hewillnotthrowitawaybypartyinganddrinkingtoomuch.Fromnowon,Rickdecidestobetemperate(節(jié)制的)andenjoywhathelovesmost.32.WhichofthefollowingaboutRickisTRUE?A.Ricklikesstudyingmorethanhelikesgoingtoparties.B.Rickdecidesnottopartyanddrinktoomuchanylonger.C.Rickmissesalotofclassesbecausehepracticesplayingbasketball.D.Rickstudiesintheuniversityforfreebecausehedoeswellinallsubjects.33.Whatdoes“shocked”inParagraph5mostprobablymean?A.veryangry.B.veryhelpless.C.verynervous.D.verysurprised.34.Whichisthecorrectorderaccordingtothepassage?①Rick’scoachisveryangrywithhisbadgrades.②OneofRick’steammatesfallsandbreakshisarm.③Rickentersanexpensiveprivateuniversity.④Rickoftengoestopartiesinsteadofstudying.⑤Rickdecidestodohisbesttostudyandpracticeharder.A.③④②①⑤B.④③⑤②①C.③④①②⑤D.⑤③④②①35.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.Nevergiveup B.NevershowoffC.BetterlatethanneverD.Practicemakesperfect2.Fromthetimehewasalittlelovedtofigureouthowtomakethingsmove.Hisfatheronceaskedhimtofeedthechickensatsixthirtyinthemorning—everyhadanidea—whatifhecouldfeedthechickenswithoutleavinghisbed?Heriggedupsomepulleys(滑輪)andranropefromthechickencoop(雞籠)doortohisbedroomwindow.Thatnight,hespreadchickenfeedoutsidethechickencoopdoor.Thenextmorning...Tonypulledontherope,andthedoortothechickencoopopened!Thechickensatetheirbreakfast,Tonystayedsnuginhisbed,andhisdad,soimpressed,nevermadeTonydoanotherthing.26.Whatwasinterestedin?A.makingthingsmoveB.feedingthechickensC.riggingupsomepulleysD.pullingontherope27.Basedonparagraphs2–4,whatdoesthepicturemainlyshow?A.howtheinventionworksB.howtheinventionchangesthefamilyC.whyfeedingchickensisahardthingD.whyfeedingchickensisdoneinthemorning28.Whatdoes“snug”meanintheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph4?A.angryB.fortableC.surprised D.healthy【要點(diǎn)回顧】詞義猜測類解題方法：1）結(jié)合語境猜測；2）通過定義或釋義關(guān)系來猜測詞義；3）通過同義詞和反義詞的關(guān)系猜詞?！緶毓手隆縇ongago,therewasacamelwholivedaloneinthedesert.Hewaslazy.Insteadofworking,hespenthisdayschewing(嚼碎)sticks,eatingtwigs,anddrinkingwater.Manyotheranimalsworkedhard,andtheytriedtogetCameltohelpthem.Buteachtime,thestubborncamelsimplysaid,“Humph.”O(jiān)neday,Zebracarriedstickstomakeafireforanimals.“Camel,eandcarrysticksliketherestofus,”saidZebra.“Humph,”saidCamel.Thenextday,Hi