專題06重點語法歸納及專練二（練習版）-2022年七年級下學期期末重難知識點串講精練（人教版）

2022年七年級下學期期末重難知識點串講+精練專題06重點語法歸納及專練（二）一、Therebe結構Therebe句型表示“某地或某時有某人或某物”。其特點主要有三個：1、該句型的一般疑問句形式將be動詞提前到句首然后大寫。其肯定回答為:Yes,there+be的適當形式否定回答為:No,there+be的適當形式+not.—Isthereabankintheneighborhood?—Yes,thereis.2、該句型的否定句形式是在be動詞的后面加not。Therearen’tanybooksonthedesk.3、該句型中be動詞人稱或數(shù)的變化與離它最近的名詞保持一致。如果有兩個或更多的名詞，be動詞要與它最靠近的名詞保持一致，即遵循“就近原則”。Therearetwopencilsandapeninmypencilcase.=Thereisapenandtwopencilsinmypencilcase.Therebe句型的用法:（1）、therebe可譯“有”,be后跟著名詞走,如果名詞是單數(shù),當用is記清楚;如果名詞是復數(shù),用are一定要記住,并列主語特殊記,“就近原則”用仔細;（2）、某人有某物要用have;Ihaveacutedog.Mr.Smithhasshortstraighthair.【專練】一、完成句子1．桌子上有—本書和兩支鋼筆。There________abookandtwopensonthedesk.2．在吉姆的書包里有一些書。There______somebooksinJim'sbag.3．墻上有一些地圖嗎？__________________mapsonthewall?4．學校里沒有學生。There____________studentsintheschool.二、根據(jù)句意填空5．There______apostofficenearhere.6．There______somewaterintheglass.7．There______somepicturesonthewall.8．There______alibraryandtwobanksintheneighborhood.9．There______somebooksandapenonthedesk.三、句型轉換10．Ourschoolhastwentyclasses.(改寫句子，句意不變)________________twentyclassesinourschool.11．Thereisapostofficeacrossfromthebank.(改為否定句)There________apostofficeacrossfromthebank.12．Therearesomebirdsinthetree.(改為一般疑問句)________________anybirdsinthetree?13．Isthereapolicestationintheneighborhood?(作肯定回答)Yes,________________.14．Arethereanypayphonesnearyourhouse?(作否定回答)No,________________.二、問路及指路的表達方式1、問路的句型Whereisthepostoffice?Excuseme.CanyoutellmethewaytotheSummerHotel?Isthereaparknearhere,please?HowcanIgettothenearestpostoffice?CouldyoutellmehowtogettotheBankofChina?2、指路的句型It’sacrossfrom/near/nexttothehospital.Goalong/downthisstreet.Turnleft/rightat…在…向/右轉Turnrightatthethirdcrossing,andthenwalkstraight.Takethesecondturningontheright/left.3、表示方位的短語(1）、ontheleft/right意為“在左/右邊”Whoissittingonyourright?、nextto…意為“在…的旁邊，緊挨著…”Thepayphoneisnexttothelibrary.、infrontof…意為“在…前面”Thereisatreeinfrontofthehouse.、behind意為“在…后面”Thereisacatbehindthedoor.、between…and…意為“在…和…之間”Thepayphoneisbetweenthepostofficeandthepark.、acrossfrom…意為“在…的對面”Thesupermarketisacrossfromthebusstop.【專練】一、單項選擇1．—Excuseme,canyoutellmethewaytothenearesttoilet?—Sure,_________thesecondturningontheright.A．go B．walk C．turn D．take2．—Excuseme,whereisRenminHospital?—Sorry,I’mnewhere.—________.A．Notatall. B．That’sOK. C．Thankyouallthesame.3．—Excuseme,________?—Walkalongthisstreetandyoucanseeitonyourright.A．whenwillyougotoschool B．whichbuscanItakeC．howcanIgettothehospital D．howfaristhecinema4．—Excuseme,where’sthemeetingroom?—______.Iwillshowyouthere.A．ehere B．That’sright C．Idon’tknow D．Thisway,please5．—__________?—Goalongthisroadandyou'llseeitonyourleft.A．Howfaristhestation B．WhichbuscanItakeC．HowcanIgettothestation D．Howlongisthestation二、填寫適當?shù)木渥友a全對話根據(jù)下面的對話情景，在每個空白處填上一個適當?shù)木渥樱箤υ挼囊饬x連貫、完整。A:Excuseme,whereisthepostoffice?B:_______6_______Youcanaskthepoliceman.A:Thanks.(Thewomangoestothepoliceman.)A:Excuseme,_______7_______C:No.Butthereisonenexttothesupermarket.A:_______8_______C:It’saboutonekilometeraway.A:_______9_______C:YoucantaketheNo.9bus.A:_______10_______C:It’sapleasure.三、補全對話7選5根據(jù)對話內(nèi)容，從文后選擇恰當?shù)倪x項填入對話相應的空白處，使對話完整，合乎情景（有兩個多余選項）。A:Excuseme,canyouhelpme?___11___B:Sure,wherewouldyouliketogo?A:I’dliketogotothemuseum,butIcan’tfindit.___12___B:No,notreally,it’sabout2kilometers.A:DoIneedtotakeabus?B:No.___13___Nowgodownthestreettothetrafficlights,canyouseethem?A:Yes,Ican.B:OK.___14___A:BridgeStreet?B:Right.ThenwalkdownBridgeStreet.___15___A:Great,thanksforyourhelp.B:You’rewele.A．It’seasytogetthere.B．TurnleftatthetrafficlightsintoBridgeStreet.C．Iamlost.D．Howfarisit?E．Isitfar?F．Icanwalkwithyou.G．Themuseumisattheendofthestreet.四、詢問及描述人的外貌特征的句型1、詢問長相What+do/does+sb.+looklike?Whatdoyoulooklike?Whatdoeshelooklike?2、描述長相:三種描述方法①、主語+be+形容詞（表外貌特征的形容詞）②、主語+have/has+名詞（名詞前可有多個形容詞修飾）③、主語+beof+…h(huán)eight（指個頭）He/Sheistall/short/thin/heavy.He/Sheisofmediumheight.He/Shehaslong/short/curly/straighthair.3.、多個形容詞的排列順序在英語中，常用單個形容詞修飾名詞,但有時也用多個形容詞修飾同一個名詞，這些形容詞有其固定的排列順序?；卷樞驗椋合薅ㄔ~（冠詞、指示代詞、物主代詞、數(shù)詞等）+表示觀點的描述性形容詞（beautiful,clever等）+大小長短+形狀（round，straight等）+新舊+顏色+國籍/地區(qū)+材料（wooden等）+名詞。Shehasbeautifullongcurlyblondehair.IhavealovelysmallwhiteFrancecat.形容詞的排列順序：大小、形狀、描述性，年齡、顏色后跟定；產(chǎn)地、材料和用途，先后順序已排清。五、選擇疑問句選擇疑問句是提出兩個或者兩個以上可能的答案供對方選擇的句式一般前半句為疑問句,選擇對象or鏈接，回答選擇疑問不能yes或no回答，需要在or鏈接的對象中擇其一來回答。Doyoulikeapplesororanges?Ilikeapples/Ilikeoranges/Idon’tlikethem.Isyourfathertallorshort?Heistall/short.Whichonedoyoulike,theredoneortheblueone?Iliketheredone./Iliketheblueone./Idon’tlikethem.【專練】一、單項選擇1．What________yourfather________like?A．do;look B．do;looks C．does;look D．does;looks2．Heisnotverytall,andheisnotveryshort.Heis________.A．heavy B．fat C．ofmediumheight D．small3．Myuncle________tallandhe________bigeyes.A．has;is B．is;has C．is;is D．has;has4．—Hi,Carol.Isyourbrotherthinorheavy?—________.A．Yes,heis B．He'salittleheavyC．No,heisn'theavy D．He'stall5．—What'syourfavoritesubject,math,Chinese________English?—English.A．a(chǎn)nd B．butC．or D．because二、完成句子6．你是騎自行車去上學還是步行去上學？________yourideyourbiketoschool________________toschool?7．你是十三歲還是十四歲？________youthirteen________________?8．杰克個子高還是矮？________Jacktall________________?9．瑪麗留著長發(fā)還是短發(fā)？________Maryhavelonghair________________________?10．你想要哪一件T恤衫，紅色的還是藍色的？WhichTshirtdoyouwant,theredone________________________________?三、句型轉換11．Mysisterisreallythin.(就句子畫線部分提問)________________yoursister________________?12．Mikehasbrownhair.(改為一般疑問句)________Mike________brownhair?13．Joelikesblackandblue.(改為否定句)Joe________likeblack________blue.14．Hisnewfriendistall.(用short改為選擇疑問句)________hisnewfriendtall________________?六、可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞1、含義：可數(shù)名詞指可以計數(shù)的事物的名詞。有單、復數(shù)形式之分?？梢灾苯佑貌欢ü谠~a/an或具體的數(shù)詞如one,two,three等來修飾。不可數(shù)名詞指不可以計數(shù)的事物的名詞。沒有復數(shù)形式，但有量的變化。不能使用不定冠詞或數(shù)詞直接修飾，如要表示確切數(shù)量時，要用“數(shù)量詞+of+不可數(shù)名詞”結構。1）、常見可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的分類可數(shù)名詞個體名詞用來指單個人或單個事物的名詞car汽車student學生puter電腦desk桌子集體名詞用來指一群人或一些事物總稱的名詞army軍隊family家庭police警察class班級不可數(shù)名詞*物質名詞用來指無法分為個體的物質、材料的名詞water水tea茶bread面包air空氣*抽象名詞用來指人或事物的品質、情感、狀態(tài)、動作等抽象概念的名詞love愛health健康time時間happiness幸福2）、既可作可數(shù)名詞也可作不可數(shù)名詞的詞有些名詞既可作可數(shù)名詞，也可作不可數(shù)名詞，但意義上有很大區(qū)別。例如：aglass一個玻璃杯glass玻璃achicken一只雞chicken雞肉afish一條魚fish魚肉aroom一個房間room空間anorange一個橙子orange橙汁可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。Waterisimportanttous.Agirlisreadinginthelibrary.Twogirlsarereadinginthelibrary.3）、可數(shù)名詞的變化規(guī)則（1）、規(guī)則的可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)變化規(guī)則*一般在詞尾加sdesk→desks書桌m(xù)ile→miles英里*以s，x，sh，ch結尾的加esbrush→brushes刷子watch→watches手表*以“輔音字母＋y”結尾的詞，把y變成i，再加esfactory→factories工廠*以f或fe結尾的詞，一般把f或fe改為v，再加eswolf→wolves狼wife→wives妻子以o結尾，有生命的加espotato→potatoes土豆tomato→tomatoes西紅柿以o結尾，無生命的zoo→zoos動物園加sradio→radios收音機（2）、不規(guī)則的可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)變化規(guī)則改變單數(shù)名詞中的元音字母:foot→feet,tooth→teeth,man→men,woman→women單復數(shù)形式相同:Japanese,Chinese,sheep,deer,fish只有復數(shù)形式:trousers,glasses,clothes,shorts其他:mouse→mice,child→children易錯點提醒：由man和woman構成的合成詞，其復數(shù)形式也是將man改為men。但German不是合成詞，故其復數(shù)形式直接加s?！緦＞殹恳弧雾椷x擇1．Thereissome________inthenoodles.A．beef B．egg C．potatoes D．vegetable2．—Howmany_______doctorsarethereinyourhospital,David?—_______themisoveronehundred.A．woman;Thenumberof B．women;AnumberofC．woman;Anumberof D．women;Thenumberof3．Afamilyof________wereinthekitchenonSaturdaymorningwhentheysawabigcat.A．mouses B．mice C．mouse4．Iofteneatsome________and________forbreakfast.A．eggs;bread B．breads;eggs C．eggs;breads D．egg;bread5．—CanIhelpyou,madam?—Yes,please.Iwant________.A．twobowlofrice B．twobowlsofriceC．twobowlofrices D．twobowlsofrices二、完成句子6．這個籃子里有一些西紅柿和雞蛋。Therearesome_________________________inthebasket.7．在學校有太多規(guī)則。Thereare______________________atschool.8．我需要一雙鞋。I____________________________shoes.三、根據(jù)漢語提示填空9．Iliketomatoes,butIdon’tlike________(土豆).10．Don’treadinthesun.It’sbadforyour________(眼睛).11．Weshouldbrushour________(牙齒)everyday.12．Peopleoftendodifferentthingsindifferent__________(國家).13．Infall,manypeoplegotoWestHillandseethebeautifulred_______（葉子）.四、改寫句子14．Look!Thisisatomato.(變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)句)Look!__________are___________.15．Thosearesomestrawberries.(改為單數(shù))__________a__________.七、wouldlike的用法1、含義:wouldlike的意思是“想要”，相當于want,但語氣比want委婉。wouldlike?？s寫為“’dlike”wouldlike在使用時,一般沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。Iwould(I’d)/Shewould(She'd)likesomebeefnoodles.2、wouldlike具體用法(1)、后接名詞或代詞，表示具體“要”某樣東西Hewouldlikesomefood.Wouldyoulikealargebowlofbeefnoodles？(2)、wouldliketodosth.意為“想要做某事”We’dliketogotoBeijingforaholiday.She’dliketobuyacar.(3)、wouldlikesb.todosth.意為“想要某人做某事”I’dlikeyoutogotothecinemawithme.Mymotherwouldlikemetodomyhomework.3、wouldlike的常見句型（1）、Wouldyoulike+some+名詞/代詞？常用于征求對方的意見。注意此句中的some不用改為any。回答：Yes,please.No,thanks.—Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat?—Yes,please./No,thanks.好的。/不用,謝謝。（2）、Wouldyoulike+todosth.？表示向對方有禮貌地提出建議或發(fā)出邀請。Yes,I’dlove/liketo.或I’dlove/liketo,but…—Wouldyoulike/lovetoetomyparty?—Yes,I’dlike/loveto.I’dlike/loveto.ButI’mtoobusy.、“Wouldyoulike…?”和“Doyouwant…？”都表示“你想…？”，但前者是禮貌用語,無人稱和數(shù)的變化；后者常用于好友或家庭成員之間,有人稱和數(shù)的變化。（1）、Wouldyoulike（todrink）acupoftea?你想喝杯茶嗎?（很禮貌地詢問）Doyouwant（todrink）acupoftea?你想吃個蘋果嗎？（一般性地詢問）（2）、wouldlike與feellike都表示“想要…”，但兩者后面所接動詞短語的形式不同，wouldlike接動詞不定式，feellike接動詞ing形式。Wouldyouliketogotothezoo?Idon’tfeellikedoinganything.Ifeelverytired.【專練】一、完成句子1．我爸爸想要—杯咖啡。Myfather________________acupofcoffee.2．“你愿意和我們外出嗎？”“是的，我愿意。”—Wouldyoulike________________________withus?—________,________________________.3．——米勒先生想要什么？——他想要一杯茶?！猒___________Mr.Millerlike?—____________acupoftea.4．“您想要哪種面？”“我想要牛肉面?！薄猈hat________________noodles________you________?—I’dlike________________.5．“你想要些橙汁嗎?”“不，謝謝。我現(xiàn)在不想要飲料?！薄猈ouldyoulike______orangejuice?—No,thanks.Idon’twant______drinksnow.二、句型轉換6．She'dlikesomemuttonandpotatoesforlunch.(就句子畫線部分提問)____________shelikeforlunch?7．I’dliketogoshoppingwithyou.（改寫句子，句意不變）I__________________shoppingwithyou.8．Ilikedumplingsbest.(改寫句子，句意不變)____________foodisdumplings.9．I'dlikesomeeggs.(改為一般疑問句)______you____________eggs?10．Wouldyoulikesomeapples?(作否定回答)______,______.八、一般過去時1、定義一般過去時表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),常和表示過去的時間狀語連用。Hewenttoschoolbybikeyesterday.2、構成(1)、be動詞的過去式：am，is的過去式是was；are的過去式是were。(2)、實義動詞的過去式：①、一般在詞尾加edplay—played；clean—cleaned②、以字母e結尾的直接加dlive—lived；like—liked③、以“輔音字母+y”結尾的,變“y”為“i”,再加edstudy—studied；worry—worried④、末尾只有一個輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)單詞,先雙寫這個輔音字母,再加edstop—stopped；plan—planned⑤、不規(guī)則變化(需熟記P141的不規(guī)則動詞表)let→let；put→put；cut→cut；do→did；go→went；have→had；eat→ate；buy→bought；write→wrote；swim→swam，sing→sang，begin→began3、句型（1）、含be動詞過去時的句型:其否定句是在was/were后加not其一般疑問句和特殊疑問句是把was/were提到主語前—Wereyouathomeyesterday?—Yes,Iwas./No,Iwasn't.（2）、含實義動詞過去時的句型：①、肯定句:主語+動詞過去式+其他.②、否定句:主語+didnot(didn't)+