人教版英語八年級(jí)下冊(cè)Unit4 詞匯、短語、語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理及拓展

/?/0c4知例點(diǎn)雙招展

一、詞匯拓展

______（反義詞，正確的）

1wrona(adj.)—

2relation(n.)——________（n.關(guān)系）

3.communicate(v.)-—_（n.交流）

4aroue(v.)——（n.爭論,爭吵）

5cloud(n.)—__（adj.多云的）

6old(adj.)—（adj.年紀(jì)較長的）

7offer(v.)——_______（近義詞）

=（不合理的，不合適的）

（adv.合理地）一_一

o.^UCIJ.j=

（n.秒）

9.secondly(adv.)—,（adj.第二）一-

10exolain(v.)——_________（n.解釋）

（V.按，壓）

11.pressure(n.)一（n.近義詞）一=====

______________（n.競爭者）一

12.compete(v.)—.(n.比賽)———

_（adj.有競爭力的）

______（近義詞）

13.opinion(n.)一

14.skill(n.)—（adi熟練的）

（典型地）

15.typical(adj.)一.adv.

快)--（近義詞）

16.quick(adj.)一(adv.

17oush(v.)——（反義詞）

_adj

18.development(n.)—___________(V)—___________adj_—

19.usual(adj.)一(adv.通常)一(反義詞，adj.不尋常的)

20.perhaps(adv.)一(近義詞)

21.clearadj.一(adv.清晰地，明顯地)一(adj.不清楚的，不確定的)

22.normaladj.一adv.一(反義詞)

-用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。

1.Thoughitwasraining,theycontinued(work)inthefield.

2.Noneofthemtookpartinyesterday'sEnglishspeech(compete).

3.Ihadan(usual)experiencelastnight.Icouldn'tbelieveitatall.

4.Themanisa(skill)workerandweshouldlearnfromhim.

5.Let'sbookthewindowseatssothatwemayseethennightskymore(clear).

6.Iwillnottakethisbag.Firstly,itisexpensive,and(second),it'snotofgoodquality.

7.EricandFrankstopped(argue)whentheysawtheteachercomingintotheclassroom.

8.Wedon'thaveanyfreetime(do)thethingwelike.

9.(what)Ido,myparentsalwaysencouragemetogetoutofdifficulties.

10.Wemadeanimportant(decide)attheendofthemeeting.

11.It'snotright(copy)others'homework.

12.Whenpeoplehavedifferentideas,(argue)isofnouse.

13.Althoughtheinternetmakesourlifeeasier,itsometimes(cause)troubletous.

14.Good(communicate)isimportantforbusiness(業(yè)務(wù)).

15.Itried(pull)onehandfreeandfinallymanaged(break)theropes.

16.WemustbeproudofbeingaChinesetoseethegreat(develop)ofourcountry.

17.Idon'tseeany(relate)betweenthetwoproblems.

18.ThoughJackisyoung,hecanplaytheviolinaswellashis(old)brother.

19.Asteenagers,weshouldmanageourtime(proper)andneverputofftoday'sworktill

tomorrow.

20.Motherssendtheirsmallkidstoallkindsofclasses.Andtheyarealways(compare)themwith

otherchildren.

二、短語復(fù)習(xí)

1.有空閑時(shí)間2,允許人做某事

3.與某人閑逛4.課外活動(dòng)課

5.與某人吵架/打架

7.與某人交談__________________8.生某人的氣___________________

9.給某人寫信_(tái)_________________10.打電話給某人________________

12.令某人驚訝________________12.翻看，瀏覽________________

13.成功地發(fā)展；解決14.和睦相處；關(guān)系良好

15.主動(dòng)提出做某事16.以便_____________________

17.介意某人做__________________18.一直______________________

19,今后_________________20.使某人生氣________________

21.擔(dān)心某事________________一22.進(jìn)入，走進(jìn)_________________

23.給某人施壓__________________24.與某人吵架_______________

25.與某人競爭__________________26.取得更好的成績

27.提出某人的觀點(diǎn)28.學(xué)習(xí)應(yīng)試技巧

29.體育訓(xùn)練___________________30.刪除______________________

-即時(shí)練習(xí)

1.在我看來，我們應(yīng)該每天打掃我們自己的房間。

,weshouldcleanourownroomeveryday.

2.我爸媽不允許我晚上與朋友出去閑逛。

Myparentsdon'tmewithmyfriendsatnight

3.胡老師正在給學(xué)生們發(fā)新書。

Mr.Hunownewbookstothestudents

4.盡管她做得不對(duì)，但也沒什么了不起的。

she'swrong,it*snot.

5.關(guān)于這件事，你應(yīng)該向你的老師解釋。

Aboutthething,youyourteacher.

6.我今天早上上課遲到了，所以老師生我的氣了。

Iwaslateforclassthismorning,sotheteacherme.

7.由于污染，許多人擔(dān)心他們的健康。

Manypeople__________________________________becauseofthepollution.

8.當(dāng)我離開家的時(shí)候，我總是感到孤獨(dú)和焦慮。

IalwaysfeelwhenIamawayfromhome.

9.如果你的父母遇到問題，你應(yīng)該主動(dòng)提供幫助。

Ifyourparentsarehavingproblems,youshould.

10.很多孩子不喜歡和他們的父母交流。

Manychildrendon'tliketheirparents.

11.這個(gè)問題太困難了。我認(rèn)為我們找不到一種新的方法來解決它。

Thisproblemissodifficult.Idon'tthinkwecanfindanewway_______________________________________.

12.我不得不在學(xué)校和同學(xué)競爭，因?yàn)槲业母改缚偸前盐液推渌⒆颖容^。

Ihavetoclassmatesatschoolbecausemyparentsalwaysotherchildren.

13.每個(gè)人都喜歡鮑勃，因?yàn)樗芎推渌瑢W(xué)相處得很好。

EverybodylikesBobbecausehecan___________________________________otherclassmates.

14.花更多的時(shí)間在你學(xué)習(xí)上面，然后你可以取得更好的成績。

Spendmoretimeonyourstudyandyoucan.

15.隨著5G技術(shù)的發(fā)展，我們的日常生活變得越來越方便。

___________________________________5Gtechnology,ourdailyliveshavebecomemoreandmoreconvenient.

16.這兩個(gè)人過去常?；ハ酄幷?，以證明誰更強(qiáng)壯。

Thetwomen_______________________________eachothertoprovewhoisstronger.

17.期末考試即將到來。你應(yīng)該恰當(dāng)?shù)赜?jì)劃你的時(shí)間，并且你會(huì)成功的。

Thefinalexamiscoming.Youshould____________________________________andyouwillmakeit.

18.史密斯先生是個(gè)殘疾人。但在一名志愿者的幫助下，他過著正常的生活。

Mr.Smithisadisabledperson.Butwiththehelpofavolunteer,he_______________________________________.

19.對(duì)于孩子來說，沒有必要有太多的壓力。最好刪掉一些課外課程。

Thereisnoneedforkidstohavetoomuchpressure._____________________________afewafter-schoollessons.

20.當(dāng)你演講時(shí)，你應(yīng)該說話比平時(shí)更大聲，以便大家都容易聽到你的聲音。

Whenyoumakeaspeech,youshouldspeak________________________________inordertomakeeveryonehear

youeasily.

三、知識(shí)詳解

petev.比賽

________________________為得到某物與某人競爭

Hecompetedagainsthisbestfriendforthefirstprize.

【練習(xí)】完成句子梁博在“中國好聲音”中獲得冠軍。

LiangBowasoftheVoiceofChina.

2.allow允許，許可

allow常見用法如下：

⑴.“允許某人做某事"

Myparentsallowmetogooutatnight.

⑵“允許做某事"+v_ing

Thelibrarydoesn'tallowtakingloudly.

(3)allow+名詞Wecan'tallowsuchathing.

【練習(xí)】Theyoungshouldbeallowed(achieve)theirdreamsontheirown.

Doyouoftenallowuntil11:00p.m.?

A.tostayupB.stayupC.stayingupD.andstayup

1.我的父母不允許我上學(xué)的晚上上網(wǎng)。，

2,他們不允在這條街上停車。.

3.workout產(chǎn)生...效果，進(jìn)展...

Thingsworkedoutquitewellforus.

【拓展】workout““

Heworkedouttheanswerbycomputingagain.butmorecarefully.

You'dbetterworkoutaplantoimproveyourwritingskills.

【練習(xí)】保持句意基本不變

Jessicasolvedthephysicsproblemswithoutanyhelp.

Jessicathephysicsproblemswithoutanyhelp.

4.getonwith“與……相處"+sth”進(jìn)展”二

MrsSmithgetsonwellwithherneighbors.

表示相處的如何，在with前加well（好）或badly（差）等修飾詞。

Doyougetalongwellwithyourclassmates?

HowareyougettingonwithyourEnglishstudy?

Heisgettingalongwellwithhisclassmates.

【練習(xí)】杰克會(huì)和同學(xué)們相處得很好。

Jackwillhisclassmates.

5.callsb.up打電話給某人

Sheisbusywithherhomework.Don'tcallherup.

【拓展】打電話給某人的不同表達(dá)方式

ringsbupgivesbaring/callphonesbmakeaphonecalltosbcallsb

【練習(xí)】改為同義句

1）Don'tcallupMary.Don't--Mary.

2）Sheoftencallsupheroldclassmates.Sheoften-heroldclassmates.

6.communicatev,交流信息;溝通一communicationnJ交流

和…交流/溝通

【練習(xí)】找出能代替句中劃線部分的一項(xiàng)。

Peoplechoosetokeepintouchwiththeirfriendsbye一mail.Theunderlinedpartmeans.

A.writeB.readC.agreeD.communicate

7.argue爭吵，爭論

argue作不及物動(dòng)詞，名詞形式為

________________________________“與某人爭論

-Ihadanargumentwithmybestfriend.

與某人爭論，其中argue有“爭辯，爭論”的意思，常指

根據(jù)一定的理由想要說服他人。

Ihadanargumentwithmybestfriend.

Don'targuewithyourmother.

如果表示“為某事與某人爭辯”時(shí)，常用

They'realwaysarguingwitheachotheraboutmoney.

【辨析】argue與discuss

argue著重于自己的看法、立場，提出論證說理，以理說服他人。

discuss重在交換意見，進(jìn)行討論，不含說服對(duì)方的成分。

【練習(xí)】Ineverargue-myparents.A.inB.toC.forD.with

Dowhatyouwereorderedanddon'tme.

A.quarrelB.argueC.arguewithD.discuss

8.instead代替，頂替

【辨析】instead與insteadof

單詞/短語詞性意義或用法

instead副詞指舍去______________________可_________位于________________。

insteadof介詞（短語）指舍去后面的成分而取前面的成分，不能____________________

-Hedidn'tanswerJnstead,heaskedhisfather.

-Weeatnoodlesinsteadofricesometimes.

【練習(xí)】用instead或insteadof填空

1.Davewentfishinggoingskating.

2.Mybrotherisn'tgoodatmath.,heisgoodatEnglish.

3.Ilikereadinginthelibraryintheclassroom.

4.YesterdayJohnMr.ZhanggaveusatalkonAmericanhistory.

5.Davewentcyclinggoingskating.

6.Mybrotherisn'tgoodatmath.,heisgoodatEnglish.

7.Mr.Zhanglikesreadingnewspapersbooks.

8.Ilikereadinginthelibraryintheclassroom.

9.offerV.提供；提出，建議

(l)offer"提供"，其后可接雙賓語，即.=

Sheofferstheoldmanacupoftea.=Sheoffersacupofteatotheoldman.

(2)offer還有“提出，建議”的意思，

其后接不定式時(shí)表示“主動(dòng)提出做某事”

Heofferedtolendmesomebooks.

【練習(xí)】Thelittleboyhisseattoanoldladyonthecrowdedbus.

A.lentB.offeredC.tookD.brought

10.comparev."比較，和...相比”

____________________________和….作比較

Henevercompareshimselfwithothers.

［拓展］“把……比作……”，

Lifeiscomparedtovoyage.

Peopleoftencomparethelifetoastage.

【練習(xí)】Myhandwritingcannotbecomparedfather's.

A.toB.withC.onD.for

11.continue為動(dòng)詞，“繼續(xù)”

(1)continue作及物動(dòng)詞，“繼續(xù)(做某事)”+名詞、代詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞

=繼續(xù)做某事

Themeetingwillbecontinuedafterabreak.

Theyoungmancontinuedhisstudyafterhisfatherdied.

Theraincontinuedfalling/tofallallafternoon.

(2)continue用在直接引語后，表示“接著說”

llllikeyourcountryverymuch,"hecontinued.

【練習(xí)】Althoughwearetired,wework.

A.continuesB.continuetoC.continuingD.continued

12.cutout剪裁，刪去

Sheiscuttingoutacoat.Youmustcutoutimportantdetails.

【練習(xí)】Hedecidedtocutsmoking.

A.upB.onC.outD.in

13.cause的用法

(l)cause用作動(dòng)詞，“使產(chǎn)生，使發(fā)生”

Aburningcigarettecausedthefire.Whatcausedhisillness?

(2)cause有可用作名詞，“\"Thedogwasthecauseoftheaccident.

【練習(xí)】翻譯句子

許多車禍都是因?yàn)殚_車不小心造成的。

14.theTaylors

【解析】the+姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)形式表示“"，作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用

例如：

TheTaylorsareatypicalAmericanfamily.

a/an+姓氏單數(shù)”表示。例如：

HiswifeisaKennedy(=amemberoftheKennedyfamily)

【做一做】

1.TheBrowns(be)fromNewYork.

2.John一家人在看電視。

TheJohnsnow.

3.史密斯一家人正在吃飯。

TheSmithsatthedinninghall.

四、語法串講

1.用could,should提建議

could和should都是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，后接

(1)could和should用于陳述句中的辨析

在陳述句中，could用來向?qū)Ψ教峁┮粋€(gè)選擇的內(nèi)容,

“可以，不妨"，should表示,指按照常理該怎么樣，“應(yīng)

該”

Wecouldwritealettertotheheadmaster,我們不妨給校長寫封信。

Weshouldwritealettertotheheadmaster,沃恩應(yīng)該給校長寫封信。

(2)could和should用語疑問句中的用法

1)在疑問句中，could用于以委婉語氣向別人提出要求、建議或勸告，此時(shí)could不表示過

去，肯定回答用can或sure,否定回答用can，t或sorry.

-----CouldIhaveacupoftea?-----Yes,youcan./Sure.

2)在疑問句中，should只用于主語為第一人稱的時(shí)候，表示征詢意見或建議，語氣比could委

婉。

-----ShouldIopenthewindow?-----OK.

【練習(xí)】用should或could填空

(1)--------Itakethebooksoutoftheroom?-----No,youcan't.

(2)YouspeakEnglishinEnglishclass.

(3)youpleasehelpmewithmyChinese?

(4)Ifyougooutatnight,youtellyourparents.

(5)rmnotsureifyoutellherthenews.

2.Whydon'tyoudo...?

【解析】Whydon'tyoudo…?是常見的提建議的句型，該句型還可以用來發(fā)出禮貌的邀請(qǐng)。

同樣表示征求對(duì)方意見的句型：

2

(4)________________________

【做一做】

1.——Whynot(wear)ahat?-----Goodidea.

2.——Howabout(visit)ourteacher?-----Thatsoundsgood.

3.——Let's(take)thedogforawalk.---Sorry,Ican't.

4.Wouldyoumindmy(open)thedoor?---Ofcoursenot.

5.Wouldyoulike(come)tomyparty?-----rdloveto,but…

1.——Tomorrowwillbesunny.Howabouthavingapicnicinthepark?

——ButIhavetopreparefortomorrow'sexam.

A.Tdlove.B.Tdloveto.C.That'sright.

2.——Anew3Dmovieison.Shallwegoandseeitthisweekend?--__!What'sit?

A.ImustbegoingnowB.YouarerightC.WhynotD.Mypleasure

3.——Look!Ifsrainingheavily.__takearaincoatwithyou?——Well,I'IItakeoneright

now.

A.WhynotB.Whydon'tC.WouldyoumindD.Wouldyoulike

4.A:Wouldyouliketodancewithme?B:.Ihavetoomuchhomework.

A.Sorry,Ican't.B.Ofcoursenot.C.That'sOK.D.Tdliketo.

過關(guān)檢測(TEST)

Time：Score：Name：Marks：

1.Hisfatherdoesn'tallowhimswimmingalone.

A.goesB.togoC.goingD.go

2.givehimawatch?

A.WhataboutB.LefsC.Whydon'tD.Whydon'tyou

3.Youcouldsavesomemoney.youcanbuyagiftforyourmother.

A.inordertoB.becauseC.soD.sothat

4.heisverypoor,hefeelsveryhappy.

A.AIthough；butB.AIthough；/C.Because；soD.Because；/

5.Ithinktheresultmusthimverymuch.

A.surpriseB.surprisedC.surprisingD.surprises

6.Thismathquestionistoodifficult.Canyouhelpme?

A.workonitB.workoutitC.workitoutD.workforit

7.Hehastwosons.TheyareJimandTom.JimisTom'sbrother.

A.oldB.olderC.elderD.young

8.Theoldmanlooksveryunhappy,becausehelives,andhefeelsvery.

A.alone；aloneB.lonely；lonelyC.alone；lonelyD.lonely；alone

9.Heshouldtheteacher.

A.explainB.explaintoC.explainedD.explainedto

10.一What'swrong?—Ican'tdomyhomeworknow.Imyhomeworkintheclassroomthis

morning.

A.leaveB.forgetC.forgotD.left

11.1'mnotsure.Hisfatherintheoffice.

A-.maybeB.maybeC.mayD.is

12.Heisveryangrywithhismother,becausehismotheralwayshimwiththebeststudent.

A.comparesB.complainsC.tellsD.makes

13.1sthereinthisstory?

A.wonderfulsomethingB.somethingwonderfulC.wonderfulanythingD.anything

wonderful

14.ltistooloud.Pleasetheradio.

A.turnonB.turnoffC.turndownD.turnup

15.Couldyoupleasethatmeetingfrommyschedule?

A.cutdownB.cutoutC.cutoffD.cutup

16.——InourEnglishstudy,readingismoreimportantthanspeaking,Ithink.

----1don'tagree.Speakingis____reading.

A.asimportantasB.themostimportantC.thesame

17.Maybeyoushould.

A.callinherB.callupherC.callherup

18.Charles'cousinisthesameagehim.Theygetonwelleachother.

A.as,withB.as,onC.as,in

19.he'sold,hecanstillcarrythisheavybag.

A.ThoughB.SinceC.For

20.IhurriedIwouldn'tbelateforclass.

A.sinceB.sothatC.unless

21.1homeuntilfinishmyhomework.

A.won'tgoB.willgoC.goD.went

22.They5re.

A.enoughbusyB.busyenoughC.enoughbusiesD.busytoenough

23.Wefoundhissisterhereatthatmoment.

A.playB.playedC.playing

24.Yesterday,theytalkedaboutsomethingimportantthephone.

A.inB.ofC.on

25.Shelookedwhensheheardthenews.

A.surprised;surprisingB.surprising;surprisedC.surprising;surprising

課后作業(yè)大挑戰(zhàn)

14-year-oldboyfromtheUSAwasdescribedasahero（英雄）yesterdayafterhesavedthelifeofawoman

inanothercountry.

DeanBlueyfromDallas,Texas,wasaschoolboywhohasmuch1incomputer.Oneday,he2an

emailtoafriendontheInternet.Suddenlyhereceivedamessagesaying"Help!Pain!Help!".Themessage

w.asfromFinland,3kilometersawayfromAmerica.

"Ididn'tknow4Ishoulddo,"Deansaidtoareporterafterwards."Itwasreallydifficulttotell

ifthemessagewasreal.nSoDeandidnothingatfirst.5themessagekeptcoming.

“Bythenitwaseasytoseethatsomeonewasintrouble,"Deansaid.He6andfoundthatthe

senderwasastudentcalledTarja,whowasaloneinauniversitylibrary.Shewasill.WhatwasJ,there

wasnophonearoundher.Heronlywayofcommunicatingwiththeworldwasbye-mail.Dean8the

policeimmediately.Andtheyrealizedthatthesituationwasquiteserious.TheycalledthepoliceinFinland.

Thenanambulancehurriedtothelibrary.9,shewasstillaliveandwassenttothehospitalqu.ickly.

,Tmgladshe'sOK,"Deansaid,"It'shardtobelieve,but10savedherlife."

1.A.interestB.interestedC.interestingD.Interests

2.A.sentB.sendsC.wassendingD.issending

3.A.hundredB.thousandC.thousandsD.thousandsof

4.A.howB.whatC.whereD.when

5.A.SoB.AndC.ButD.As

6.A.telephonedB.repliedC.foundD.talked

7.A.betterB.worseC.harderD.easier

8.A.contactedB.invitedC.interviewedD.offered

9.A.HardlyB.HappilyC.LuckilyD.Carefully

10.A.aboyB.doctorsC.thepoliceD.email

完成對(duì)話：

Boyl:Hey,Peter,?

Boy2:Ihadanargument_2___mybestfriend.?

Boyl:Well,youshould___4_himaletter.

Boy2:ldon'tthinkso.Idon'tlikewritingletters.

Boyl:.

Boy2:No,Idon'twant_6___talkaboutit_7____thephone.

Boyl:Well,youshouldsayyou'resorry.

Boy2:Yes,IknowIshould,butit'snoteasy.

Boyl:Maybeyoucouldgotohishouse.

Boy2:1guessIcould,butIdon't