【課件】高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解專項(xiàng)精準(zhǔn)講練第3講推理判斷題

2022高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解專項(xiàng)精準(zhǔn)講練第三講

推理判斷題推理判斷題◎題型解讀1.考綱要求：推理判斷題要求考生在理解文章的基礎(chǔ)上，從文章提供的信息出發(fā)，借助一定的常識(shí)進(jìn)行分析、推理、判斷的能力。2.推理判斷題相對(duì)于細(xì)節(jié)理解題難度較高，但近年來(lái)考察比例逐漸增加。推理判斷題◎題型分類1.推斷隱含意義---一步推導(dǎo)法（立足原文，只推一步）依據(jù)文中信息，結(jié)合已有常識(shí)，進(jìn)行符合情理的推斷,切忌主觀臆斷，做到推斷有理有據(jù)注意推斷隱含意義要求

推斷言外之意或弦外之音題干常含infer(推斷),suggest,imply常有can,could,probably,likely等考情

通常每篇文段都有1道題1.推斷隱含意義---一步推導(dǎo)法（立足原文，只推一步）2021·全國(guó)乙卷B篇

GenerationXerswithyoungfamilies,likemywifeandI,canstillfinditconvenienttohaveahomephoneratherthanprovidingamobilephoneforeveryfamilymember.Thatsaid,tobehonesttheonlypeoplewhoeverringourhomephoneareourBabyBoomersparents,tothepointwhereweplayagameandguesswhoiscallingbeforewepickupthephone(usingCallerIDwouldtakethefunoutofit).

Howattachedareyoutoyourlandline?Howlonguntiltheygothewayofgasstreetlampsandmorningmilkdeliveries?Whatcanbeinferredaboutthelandlinefromthelastparagraph?A.Itremainsafamilynecessity.B.Itwillfalloutofusesomeday.C.Itmayincreasedailyexpenses.D.Itisasimportantasthegaslight.1.推斷隱含意義---一步推導(dǎo)法（立足原文，只推一步）2020年全國(guó)Ⅱ卷·31

Thenthere’sRighteousFuranditsunusualfashions.ModelPaigeMorgansays,“Togivepeopleaguilt-freeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem—Ithinkthat’sgoingtobeamassivething,atleasthereinNewYork.”DesignerJenniferAndersonadmitsittookherawhiletocomearoundtotheopinionthatusingnutriafurforhercreationsismorallyacceptable.She’stryingtocomeupwithalabeltoattachtonutriafashionstoshowitiseco-friendly.WhatcanweinferaboutwearingfurinNewYorkaccordingtoMorgan?A.It’sformal.

B.It’srisky.

C.It’sharmful.

D.It’straditional.點(diǎn)撥：由infer可知為推斷題。一找(依據(jù))：由題干中的Morgan可定位至本段第二句。二理(解字面意思)：模特佩奇·摩根說(shuō)：“給人們一個(gè)無(wú)負(fù)罪感的選擇，讓他們可以穿著(由動(dòng)物毛皮制成的衣物)而不被人潑油漆——我認(rèn)為這是一件大事，至少在紐約是這樣?！比?斷或判斷)：根據(jù)摩根的說(shuō)法,在紐約穿著由動(dòng)物毛皮制成的衣物會(huì)被潑油漆，由此可推斷：在紐約穿動(dòng)物毛皮制成的衣物是有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的。四比(較各選項(xiàng)):“正式的”“有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的”“有害的”“傳統(tǒng)的”。2.推斷觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題---字里行間法觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題四個(gè)明確明確表達(dá)情感的詞的意義,如valuable,hopeful,well,good,doubt,worry等明確是問(wèn)誰(shuí)對(duì)什么事的態(tài)度明確主旨(文段首尾),推測(cè)觀點(diǎn)明確是作者或文中人物的觀點(diǎn)而非主觀臆斷推斷作者對(duì)某事物所持的觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度要求推斷文中人物對(duì)某事所持的觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度2.推斷觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題---字里行間法2021·新高考卷I閱讀D

Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonablysup-port,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmore

beneficialthanharmful.Themostpositiveaspectofthis

popularizationisanewandmuchneededemphasis(重視）onemotionbyemployers,

educatorsandothersinterestedinpromotingsocialwell-being.Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedboththepublicandresearchersre-evaluatethefunctionalityofemotionsandhowtheyservepeopleadaptivelyineverydaylife.34.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelligence?A.Favorable.

B.Intolerant.

C.Doubtful.

D.Unclear.2.推斷觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題---字里行間法2020年全國(guó)Ⅲ卷·29“Wefloatedtheideatomymumofsharingahouse,”saysKathrynWhitehead.Ritacutsin:

“WespokemorewithNickbecauseIthinkit’sabigthingforNicktolivewithhismother-in-law.”AndwhatdoesNickthink?“Frommystandpoint,itallseemstoworkverywell.WouldIrecommendit?Yes,IthinkIwould.”WhatisNick’sattitudetowardssharingthehouse

withhismother-in-law?A.Positive. B.Carefree.C.Tolerant. D.Unwilling.3.推斷寫(xiě)作意圖---“主旨推意”法推斷寫(xiě)作意圖主旨推斷法

根據(jù)文章或段落主旨推斷作者的寫(xiě)作目的

寫(xiě)作目的開(kāi)篇提問(wèn)：引出話題或讓讀者關(guān)注主題講述相關(guān)之事：引出主題或提供背景舉例、引語(yǔ)或數(shù)據(jù)：證明某一觀點(diǎn)或說(shuō)明某個(gè)主題文體推斷法根據(jù)文章體裁判斷作者寫(xiě)作意圖3.推斷寫(xiě)作意圖---“主旨推意”法2021·新高考卷I閱讀DWeprefertodescribeemotionalintelligenceasaspecificsetofskillsthatcanbeusedforeithergoodorbadpurposes.Theabilitytoaccuratelyunderstandhowothersarefeelingmaybeusedbyadoctortofindhowbesttohelpherpatients,whileacheatermightuseittocontrolpotentialvictims.Beingemotionallyintelligentdoesnotnecessarilymakeoneamoralperson.33.Whydoestheauthormention“doctor”and“cheater”inparagraph2?A.ToexplainaroleB.ToclarifyaconceptC.TopresentafactD.Tomakeaprediction3.推斷寫(xiě)作意圖---“主旨推意”法2020年新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷·11Inthemid-1990s,TomBisselltaughtEnglishasavolunteerinUzbekistan…Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea.Hisvisit,however,endedupinvolvingalotmorethanthat.Hencethisbook,ChasingtheSea:LostAmongtheGhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia,whichtalksaboutaroadtripfromTashkenttoKarakalpakstan,wheremillionsofliveshavebeendestroyedbytheslowdryingupofthesea.ItisthestoryofanAmericantravellingtoastrangeland,andofthepeoplehemeetsonhisway:Rustam,histranslator,alovely24-year-oldwhopickeduphiscolorfulEnglishinCalifornia,OlegandNatasha,hishostsinTashkent,andastringofforeignaidworkers.ThisisaquicklookatlifeinUzbekistan,madeoffriendlinessandwarmth,butalsoitsdarkersideofsociety.InSamarkand,MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders,whileonhiswaytoBukharahegetsatasteofpolicemethodswhensuspectedofdrugdealing.InFerghana,heattendsamountainfuneral(葬禮)followedbyastrangedrinkingparty…MrBissellskillfullyorganizeshistoricalinsightsandculturalreferences,makinghistaleawell-roundedpictureofUzbekistan,seenfromWesterneyes…Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A.Tointroduceabook.B.Toexplainaculturalphenomenon.C.Torememberawriter.D.Torecommendatraveldestination.4.推斷文章出處---“文體特征”法根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容和文體的結(jié)構(gòu)特征來(lái)推斷其出處原則推斷文章出處題干

常含befrom,comefrom,betaken,appear等

營(yíng)養(yǎng)、健康飲食:ahealthmagazine旅游景點(diǎn)介紹:atravelguide/brochure博物館介紹:博物館參觀指南(amuseumguide)新產(chǎn)品/影片或演出介紹:advertisement文化教育類文章:educationsction文章前有日期、地點(diǎn)或通訊社名稱:newspaper文中有鏈接:website類別

介紹科研或發(fā)現(xiàn)成果asciencemagazinesciencesectionasciencereport時(shí)尚、名人或娛樂(lè)介紹:magazine,journal,entertainment人物介紹:biography,autobiography活動(dòng)介紹:announcement,notice4.推斷文章出處---“文體特征”法2021·全國(guó)甲卷閱讀A

Takeaview,

theLandscape(風(fēng)景）Photographer

oftheYearAward,

wastheideaofCharlieWaite,

oneoftoday’smostrespectedlandscapephotographers.Eachyear,

thehighstandardofentrieshasshownthatthe

AwardsaretheperfectplatformtoshowcasetheverybestphotographyoftheBritishlandscape.Takeaviewis

adesirableannualcompetitionforphotographersfromall

cornersoftheUKandbeyond.23.Wherecanthetextbefound?A.Inahistorybook.

B.Inanovel.

C.Inanartmagazine.

D.Inabiography.2019年全國(guó)Ⅰ卷·31

Asdataandidentitytheftbecomesmoreandmorecommon,themarketisgrowingforbiometric(生物測(cè)量)technologies—likefingerprintscans—tokeepothersoutofprivatee-spaces.Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive,though.ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevice(裝置)thatgetsaroundthisproblem:asmartkeyboard.Thissmartkeyboardpreciselymeasuresthecadence(節(jié)奏)…Italsodoesn’trequireanewtypeoftechnologythatpeoplearen’talreadyfamiliarwith.Everybodyusesakeyboardandeverybodytypesdifferently.Inastudydescribingthetechnology,theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword“touch”fourtimesusingthesmartkeyboard.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferentparticipants…Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?Adiary.B.Aguidebook.C.Anovel.D.Amagazine.4.推斷文章出處---“文體特征”法

2020·全國(guó)卷II

C28.WhatisthepurposeofthefashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklyn?A.Topromoteguilt-freefur.B.Toexpandthefashionmarket.C.Tointroduceanewbrand.D.Tocelebrateawinterholiday.29.Whyarescientistsconcernedaboutnutria?A.Nutriadamagetheecosystemseriously.B.Nutriaareanendangeredspecies.C.Nutriahurtlocalcat-sizedanimals.D.Nutriaareillegallyhunted.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“collapsed”inparagraph5probablymean?A.Boomed. B.Becamemature. C.Remainedstable. D.Crashed.31.WhatcanweinferaboufwearingfurinNewYorkaccordingtoMorgan?A.It’sformal. B.It’srisky. C.It’sharmful. D.It’straditional.◎真題演練

Whenyouweretryingtofigureoutwhattobuyfortheenvironmentalistonyourholidaylist,furprobablydidn’tcrossyourmind.Butsomeecologistsandfashion(時(shí)裝)enthusiastsaretryingtobringbackthemarketforfurmadefromnutria(海貍鼠).UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynhave(showcased)nutriafurmadeintoclothesindifferentstyles.“Itsoundscrazytotalkaboutguilt-freefur-unlessyouunderstandthatthenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlandseveryyear”,saysCreeMcCree,projectdirectorofRighteousFur.

ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedtopayhunters$5atail.SomeofthefurendsupinthefashionshowsliketheoneinBrooklynlastmonth.

NutriawerebroughttherefromArgentinabyfurfarmersandletgointothewild.

“Theecosystemdowntherecan’thandlethisnon-nativespecies(物種).It’s