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資料整理【淘寶店鋪:向陽(yáng)百分百】專題05三角函數(shù)易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)一:三角函數(shù)值正負(fù)判斷不清導(dǎo)致錯(cuò)誤(任意角、弧度制及任意角的三角函數(shù))1.角的概念(1)任意角:①定義:角可以看成平面內(nèi)一條射線繞著端點(diǎn)從一個(gè)位置旋轉(zhuǎn)到另一個(gè)位置所成的圖形;②分類:角按旋轉(zhuǎn)方向分為正角、負(fù)角和零角.(2)所有與角α終邊相同的角,連同角α在內(nèi),構(gòu)成的角的集合是SKIPIF1<0.(3)象限角:使角的頂點(diǎn)與原點(diǎn)重合,角的始邊與x軸的非負(fù)半軸重合,那么,角的終邊在第幾象限,就說(shuō)這個(gè)角是第幾象限角;如果角的終邊在坐標(biāo)軸上,就認(rèn)為這個(gè)角不屬于任何一個(gè)象限.(4)象限角的集合表示方法:2.弧度制(1)定義:把長(zhǎng)度等于半徑長(zhǎng)的弧所對(duì)的圓心角叫做1弧度的角,用符號(hào)rad表示,讀作弧度.正角的弧度數(shù)是一個(gè)正數(shù),負(fù)角的弧度數(shù)是一個(gè)負(fù)數(shù),零角的弧度數(shù)是0.(2)角度制和弧度制的互化:SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.(3)扇形的弧長(zhǎng)公式:SKIPIF1<0,扇形的面積公式:SKIPIF1<0.3.任意角的三角函數(shù)(1)定義:任意角SKIPIF1<0的終邊與單位圓交于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.(2)推廣:三角函數(shù)坐標(biāo)法定義中,若取點(diǎn)PSKIPIF1<0是角SKIPIF1<0終邊上異于頂點(diǎn)的任一點(diǎn),設(shè)點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0到原點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0的距離為SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0三角函數(shù)的性質(zhì)如下表:三角函數(shù)定義域第一象限符號(hào)第二象限符號(hào)第三象限符號(hào)第四象限符號(hào)SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0++--SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0+--+SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0+-+-記憶口訣:三角函數(shù)值在各象限的符號(hào)規(guī)律:一全正、二正弦、三正切、四余弦.4.三角函數(shù)線如下圖,設(shè)角α的終邊與單位圓交于點(diǎn)P,過(guò)P作PM⊥x軸,垂足為M,過(guò)A(1,0)作單位圓的切線與α的終邊或終邊的反向延長(zhǎng)線相交于點(diǎn)T.三角函數(shù)線有向線段MP為正弦線;有向線段OM為余弦線;有向線段AT為正切線易錯(cuò)提醒:(1)利用終邊相同的角的集合可以求適合某些條件的角,方法是先寫出與這個(gè)角的終邊相同的所有角的集合,然后通過(guò)對(duì)集合中的參數(shù)SKIPIF1<0賦值來(lái)求得所需的角.(2)確定SKIPIF1<0的終邊位置的方法先寫出SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0的范圍,然后根據(jù)SKIPIF1<0的可能取值確定SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0的終邊所在位置.(3)利用三角函數(shù)的定義,已知角SKIPIF1<0終邊上一點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0的坐標(biāo)可求SKIPIF1<0的三角函數(shù)值;已知角SKIPIF1<0的三角函數(shù)值,也可以求出角SKIPIF1<0終邊的位置.(4)判斷三角函數(shù)值的符號(hào),關(guān)鍵是確定角的終邊所在的象限,然后結(jié)合三角函數(shù)值在各象限的符號(hào)確定所求三角函數(shù)值的符號(hào),特別要注意不要忽略角的終邊在坐標(biāo)軸上的情況.例如圖,已知兩質(zhì)點(diǎn)A,B同時(shí)從點(diǎn)P出發(fā),繞單位圓逆時(shí)針做勻速圓周運(yùn)動(dòng),質(zhì)點(diǎn)A,B運(yùn)動(dòng)的角速度分別為3rad/s和5rad/s,設(shè)兩質(zhì)點(diǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí)這兩質(zhì)點(diǎn)間的距離為SKIPIF1<0.
(1)求SKIPIF1<0的解析式;(2)求這兩質(zhì)點(diǎn)從點(diǎn)P出發(fā)后第n次相遇的時(shí)間SKIPIF1<0(單位:s).【詳解】(1)由質(zhì)點(diǎn)A,B運(yùn)動(dòng)的角速度分別為3rad/s和5rad/s,得SKIPIF1<0時(shí)質(zhì)點(diǎn)A,B的坐標(biāo)分別為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0的解析式為SKIPIF1<0.(2)因?yàn)閮少|(zhì)點(diǎn)從點(diǎn)P出發(fā)后每相遇一次即對(duì)應(yīng)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的一個(gè)零點(diǎn),因此SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上第n個(gè)零點(diǎn),由SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,所以兩質(zhì)點(diǎn)從點(diǎn)P出發(fā)后第n次相遇的時(shí)間SKIPIF1<0.變式1.如圖,在平面直角坐標(biāo)系SKIPIF1<0中,銳角SKIPIF1<0的頂點(diǎn)與原點(diǎn)重合,始邊與SKIPIF1<0軸的非負(fù)半軸重合,終邊與單位圓交于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.(1)求SKIPIF1<0的值;(2)射線SKIPIF1<0繞坐標(biāo)原點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0按逆時(shí)針?lè)较蛐D(zhuǎn)SKIPIF1<0后與單位圓交于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0軸對(duì)稱,求SKIPIF1<0的值.【詳解】(1)解:因?yàn)殇J角SKIPIF1<0的終邊與單位圓交于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.(2)設(shè)單位圓與x軸負(fù)半軸交點(diǎn)為Q,則SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.變式2.角α的終邊與單位圓交于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,分別寫出點(diǎn)P關(guān)于x軸、y軸和原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo),并求角SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的正弦函數(shù)值、余弦函數(shù)值.【詳解】
點(diǎn)P關(guān)于x軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)SKIPIF1<0,點(diǎn)P關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)SKIPIF1<0,點(diǎn)P關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱的點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)SKIPIF1<0.易知角SKIPIF1<0的終邊經(jīng)過(guò)點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,根據(jù)三角函數(shù)的定義可知,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0;角SKIPIF1<0的終邊經(jīng)過(guò)點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,根據(jù)三角函數(shù)的定義可知,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0;角SKIPIF1<0的終邊經(jīng)過(guò)點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,根據(jù)三角函數(shù)的定義可知,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0;角SKIPIF1<0的終邊經(jīng)過(guò)點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,根據(jù)三角函數(shù)的定義可知,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.變式3.如圖,已知SKIPIF1<0是半徑為1,圓心角為SKIPIF1<0的扇形,SKIPIF1<0是扇形弧上的動(dòng)點(diǎn),SKIPIF1<0是扇形的內(nèi)接矩形,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0.
(1)若SKIPIF1<0,求線段SKIPIF1<0的長(zhǎng);(2)已知當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),矩形SKIPIF1<0的面積SKIPIF1<0最大.求圓心角SKIPIF1<0的大小,并求此時(shí)矩形SKIPIF1<0面積SKIPIF1<0的最大值是多少?【詳解】(1)
SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.(2)由題意知SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0時(shí),面積SKIPIF1<0最大,最大值為SKIPIF1<0.1.已知角SKIPIF1<0的始邊為SKIPIF1<0軸的非負(fù)半軸,終邊經(jīng)過(guò)點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0(
)A.2 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0或2 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】D【分析】先確定SKIPIF1<0所在的象限,再根據(jù)三角函數(shù)的定義及二倍角的正切公式求出SKIPIF1<0,再根據(jù)商數(shù)關(guān)系化弦為切即可得解.【詳解】由題意,得角SKIPIF1<0是第二象限角,則SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0為第一象限角,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0為第三象限角,所以SKIPIF1<0是第一象限角或第三象限角,則SKIPIF1<0,又因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0(舍去),所以SKIPIF1<0.故選:D.2.在平面直角坐標(biāo)系中,角SKIPIF1<0的頂點(diǎn)為坐標(biāo)原點(diǎn),始邊在x軸的正半軸上,終邊過(guò)點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】B【分析】用終邊經(jīng)過(guò)的點(diǎn)求出SKIPIF1<0即可求解.【詳解】因?yàn)榻荢KIPIF1<0的終邊經(jīng)過(guò)點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.故選:B3.在平面直角坐標(biāo)系xOy中,若角SKIPIF1<0以坐標(biāo)原點(diǎn)為頂點(diǎn),x軸非負(fù)半軸為始邊,且終邊過(guò)點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0取最小值時(shí)x的可能取值為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】A【分析】利用三角函數(shù)的定義可得SKIPIF1<0,再結(jié)合三角函數(shù)的性質(zhì)計(jì)算即可.【詳解】∵角θ的終邊經(jīng)過(guò)點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,由正弦函數(shù)的性質(zhì)可知在SKIPIF1<0取最小值時(shí).SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0時(shí)A正確;對(duì)于B,SKIPIF1<0,不符合;對(duì)于C,SKIPIF1<0,不符合;對(duì)于D,SKIPIF1<0,不符合;故選:A.4.已知SKIPIF1<0是第三象限角,則點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0位于(
)A.第一象限 B.第二象限C.第三象限 D.第四象限【答案】B【分析】根據(jù)角所在象限結(jié)合二倍角正弦公式即可判斷答案.【詳解】因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0是第三象限角,故SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0在第二象限,故選:B5.已知角SKIPIF1<0終邊上有一點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0為(
)A.第一象限角 B.第二象限角C.第三象限角 D.第四象限角【答案】C【分析】根據(jù)終邊相同角的定義即可求解.【詳解】已知角SKIPIF1<0終邊上有一點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,即點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0為第三象限角.故選:C.6.已知角SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0終邊上有一點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0(
)A.2 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】C【分析】根據(jù)弦切互化,結(jié)合正切和差角公式,即可得SKIPIF1<0,結(jié)合角的范圍即可求解.【詳解】SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.又SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0在第三象限,故SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.故選:C.7.已知角SKIPIF1<0的頂點(diǎn)為坐標(biāo)原點(diǎn),始邊與SKIPIF1<0軸的非負(fù)半軸重合,終邊上有兩個(gè)點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0【答案】C【分析】根據(jù)三角函數(shù)的定義式可得SKIPIF1<0,又結(jié)合二倍角的余弦公式及齊次式的原因可得SKIPIF1<0,接方程組即可.【詳解】由已知可得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,聯(lián)立得SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,故選:C.8.已知角SKIPIF1<0的終邊落在直線SKIPIF1<0上,則SKIPIF1<0的值為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.1 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】B【分析】利用三角函數(shù)的定義以及同角三角函數(shù)關(guān)系和二倍角公式即可解決.【詳解】因?yàn)榻荢KIPIF1<0的終邊落在直線SKIPIF1<0上,所以SKIPIF1<0.則SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0.故選:B9.已知角SKIPIF1<0的終邊與單位圓的交點(diǎn)為SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】B【分析】先求出SKIPIF1<0,利用三角函數(shù)定義求出SKIPIF1<0的值,再利用二倍角余弦公式求解即可.【詳解】由題得SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.故選:B10.下列說(shuō)法正確的是(
)A.若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0是終邊相同的角B.若角SKIPIF1<0的終邊過(guò)點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0C.若扇形的周長(zhǎng)為3,半徑為1,則其圓心角的大小為1弧度D.若SKIPIF1<0,則角SKIPIF1<0的終邊在第一象限或第三象限【答案】CD【分析】舉反例SKIPIF1<0判斷A;由三角函數(shù)的定義判斷B;由弧長(zhǎng)公式判斷C;由SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0同號(hào)判斷D.【詳解】對(duì)于A:當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,但終邊不同,故A錯(cuò)誤;對(duì)于B:SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,故B錯(cuò)誤;對(duì)于C:由SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,故C正確;對(duì)于D:SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0同號(hào),則角SKIPIF1<0的終邊在第一象限或第三象限,故D正確;故選:CD11.如圖所示,角SKIPIF1<0的終邊與單位圓SKIPIF1<0交于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,將SKIPIF1<0繞原點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0按逆時(shí)針?lè)较蛐D(zhuǎn)SKIPIF1<0后與圓SKIPIF1<0交于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0.
(1)求SKIPIF1<0;(2)若SKIPIF1<0的內(nèi)角SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0所對(duì)的邊分別為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,求SKIPIF1<0.【答案】(1)SKIPIF1<0(2)SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0.【分析】(1)根據(jù)三角函數(shù)的定義及誘導(dǎo)公式直接得解;(2)由已知可得SKIPIF1<0,再利用余弦定理可得SKIPIF1<0,進(jìn)而可得面積.【詳解】(1)由題知SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0;(2)由題知SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,而SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,由正弦定理可知SKIPIF1<0,整理得SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,或SKIPIF1<0.易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)二:誘導(dǎo)公式認(rèn)識(shí)不清導(dǎo)致變形錯(cuò)誤(同角三角函數(shù)的基本關(guān)系與誘導(dǎo)公式求值問(wèn)題)1.同角三角函數(shù)的基本關(guān)系(1)平方關(guān)系:SKIPIF1<0.(2)商數(shù)關(guān)系:SKIPIF1<0;2.三角函數(shù)誘導(dǎo)公式公式一二三四五六角SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0正弦SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0余弦SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0正切SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0口訣函數(shù)名不變,符號(hào)看象限函數(shù)名改變,符號(hào)看象限題型1.同角三角函數(shù)關(guān)系齊次化(1)利用方程思想,對(duì)于SKIPIF1<0,由公式SKIPIF1<0,可以“知一求二”.對(duì)于SKIPIF1<0,由下面三個(gè)關(guān)系式SKIPIF1<0,可以“知一求二”.(2)SKIPIF1<0的齊次式的應(yīng)用:分式中分子與分母是關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0的齊次式,或含有SKIPIF1<0及SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0的式子求值時(shí),可將所求式子的分母看作“1”,利用“SKIPIF1<0”代換后轉(zhuǎn)化為“切”求解.題型2.利用誘導(dǎo)公式化簡(jiǎn)及其計(jì)算(1)誘導(dǎo)公式的兩個(gè)應(yīng)用①求值:負(fù)化正,大化小,化到銳角為終了;②化簡(jiǎn):統(tǒng)一名,統(tǒng)一角,同角名少為終了.(2)學(xué)會(huì)誘導(dǎo)公式的逆用,如SKIPIF1<0等,再如SKIPIF1<0,能將SKIPIF1<0中SKIPIF1<0的系數(shù)由負(fù)變正,且不改變“正弦”前面的符號(hào).(3)學(xué)會(huì)觀察兩角之間的關(guān)系,看看它們的和或差是否為SKIPIF1<0的整數(shù)倍.技巧:1.利用SKIPIF1<0可以實(shí)現(xiàn)角SKIPIF1<0的正弦、余弦的互化,利用SKIPIF1<0可以實(shí)現(xiàn)角SKIPIF1<0的弦切互化.2.“SKIPIF1<0”方程思想知一求二.SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0易錯(cuò)提醒:奇變偶不變,符號(hào)看象限,說(shuō)明:(1)先將誘導(dǎo)三角函數(shù)式中的角統(tǒng)一寫作SKIPIF1<0;(2)無(wú)論有多大,一律視為銳角,判斷SKIPIF1<0所處的象限,并判斷題設(shè)三角函數(shù)在該象限的正負(fù);(3)當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0為奇數(shù)是,“奇變”,正變余,余變正;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0為偶數(shù)時(shí),“偶不變”函數(shù)名保持不變即可。例.已知SKIPIF1<0.(1)求SKIPIF1<0的值.(2)求SKIPIF1<0的值.【詳解】(1)SKIPIF1<0;(2)SKIPIF1<0.變式1.已知SKIPIF1<0均為銳角,且SKIPIF1<0.(1)求SKIPIF1<0的值;(2)求SKIPIF1<0的值.【詳解】(1)SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0.(2)SKIPIF1<0為銳角,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0.SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0.變式2.已知SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,化簡(jiǎn)并求SKIPIF1<0的值.【詳解】解:因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,所以,SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0.變式3.已知角SKIPIF1<0的頂點(diǎn)與原點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0重合,始邊與SKIPIF1<0軸的非負(fù)半軸重合,它的終邊過(guò)點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0.(1)求SKIPIF1<0的值;(2)若銳角SKIPIF1<0滿足SKIPIF1<0,求SKIPIF1<0的值.【詳解】(1)由題設(shè)知:SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0;(2)由(1)知:SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0為銳角,SKIPIF1<0為第四象限角,所以SKIPIF1<0為第四象限角或第一象限角.當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0為第一象限角時(shí)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0為第四象限角時(shí)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0.1.若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】A【分析】根據(jù)題意,結(jié)合正弦、余弦的倍角公式和三角函數(shù)的基本關(guān)系式,化為“齊次式”,代入即可求解.【詳解】由SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0.故選:A.2.已知SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】B【分析】將所求角通過(guò)拆角、變角,利用兩角和的余弦公式求解即可.【詳解】SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,故選:B.3.在平面直角坐標(biāo)系中,角SKIPIF1<0的頂點(diǎn)為坐標(biāo)原點(diǎn),始邊在x軸的正半軸上,終邊過(guò)點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】B【分析】用終邊經(jīng)過(guò)的點(diǎn)求出SKIPIF1<0即可求解.【詳解】因?yàn)榻荢KIPIF1<0的終邊經(jīng)過(guò)點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.故選:B4.已知SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】D【分析】方法一:根據(jù)平方關(guān)系、二倍角公式化簡(jiǎn)已知可得SKIPIF1<0,結(jié)合誘導(dǎo)公式化簡(jiǎn)可得所求;方法二:利用輔助角公式化簡(jiǎn)已知可得SKIPIF1<0,再根據(jù)二倍角公式化簡(jiǎn)可得所求.【詳解】方法一:SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.方法二SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.故選:D.5.已知SKIPIF1<0為銳角,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】C【分析】根據(jù)兩角和差的正弦公式求解即可.【詳解】因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0所以SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0為銳角,不合題意,舍去;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,滿足題意;所以SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0.故選:C6.已知SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】C【分析】根據(jù)給定條件,利用誘導(dǎo)公式、二倍角的正余弦公式求解即得.【詳解】由SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,而SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,因此SKIPIF1<0,即有SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.故選:C7.若SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】D【分析】先左右兩邊平方,得出SKIPIF1<0,再應(yīng)用弦化切,最后結(jié)合角的范圍可得求出正切值.【詳解】∵SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,∵SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,∴由三角函數(shù)定義知SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0.故選:D.8.已知SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】BC【分析】先將SKIPIF1<0兩邊平方,結(jié)合SKIPIF1<0,得出SKIPIF1<0,結(jié)合SKIPIF1<0得出SKIPIF1<0,再計(jì)算出SKIPIF1<0,即可求出SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0,根據(jù)同角三角函數(shù)的商數(shù)關(guān)系,二倍角的余弦公式和正切公式,兩角的余弦公式分別計(jì)算即可判斷各選項(xiàng).【詳解】由SKIPIF1<0得,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,由SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,對(duì)于A,SKIPIF1<0,故A錯(cuò)誤;對(duì)于B,SKIPIF1<0,故B正確;對(duì)于C,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0(舍去),故C正確;對(duì)于D,SKIPIF1<0,故D錯(cuò)誤,故選:BC.9.已知SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【分析】利用弦切互化和兩角和的正切公式求解即可.【詳解】因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:SKIPIF1<0.10.已知SKIPIF1<0是第四象限角,且滿足SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0.【答案】SKIPIF1<0【分析】根據(jù)得到SKIPIF1<0,利用三角函數(shù)的基本關(guān)系式,求得SKIPIF1<0,進(jìn)而求得SKIPIF1<0,聯(lián)立方程組,求得SKIPIF1<0的值,即可求解.【詳解】由SKIPIF1<0是第四象限角,可得SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0,又由SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0,聯(lián)立方程組,可得SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:SKIPIF1<0.11.若SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0.【答案】SKIPIF1<0/SKIPIF1<0【分析】結(jié)合角的范圍和同角三角函數(shù)的基本關(guān)系,先求出SKIPIF1<0角的正弦與余弦,再將所求式子利用二倍角公式轉(zhuǎn)化為SKIPIF1<0角的正余弦,代入求值即可.【詳解】因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,聯(lián)立SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0.故答案為:SKIPIF1<0.易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)三:忽視三角函數(shù)圖象變換研究對(duì)象選?。ㄈ呛瘮?shù)的圖象和性質(zhì))1.用五點(diǎn)法作正弦函數(shù)和余弦函數(shù)的簡(jiǎn)圖(1)在正弦函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的圖象中,五個(gè)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)是:SKIPIF1<0.(2)在余弦函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的圖象中,五個(gè)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)是:SKIPIF1<0.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0圖象定義域SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0值域SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0周期性SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0奇偶性奇函數(shù)偶函數(shù)奇函數(shù)遞增區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0遞減區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0無(wú)對(duì)稱中心SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱軸方程SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0無(wú)2.正弦、余弦、正切函數(shù)的圖象與性質(zhì)(下表中SKIPIF1<0)注:正(余)弦曲線相鄰兩條對(duì)稱軸之間的距離是SKIPIF1<0;正(余)弦曲線相鄰兩個(gè)對(duì)稱中心的距離是SKIPIF1<0;正(余)弦曲線相鄰兩條對(duì)稱軸與對(duì)稱中心距離SKIPIF1<0;3.SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0的圖像與性質(zhì)(1)最小正周期:SKIPIF1<0.(2)定義域與值域:SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的定義域?yàn)镽,值域?yàn)閇-A,A].(3)最值假設(shè)SKIPIF1<0.①對(duì)于SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0②對(duì)于SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0(4)對(duì)稱軸與對(duì)稱中心.假設(shè)SKIPIF1<0.①對(duì)于SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0②對(duì)于SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0正、余弦曲線的對(duì)稱軸是相應(yīng)函數(shù)取最大(?。┲档奈恢茫?、余弦的對(duì)稱中心是相應(yīng)函數(shù)與SKIPIF1<0軸交點(diǎn)的位置.(5)單調(diào)性.假設(shè)SKIPIF1<0.①對(duì)于SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0②對(duì)于SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0(6)平移與伸縮由函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖像變換為函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖像的步驟;方法一:SKIPIF1<0.先相位變換,后周期變換.SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0方法二:SKIPIF1<0.先周期變換,后相位變換,再振幅變換.SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0結(jié)論:關(guān)于三角函數(shù)對(duì)稱的幾個(gè)重要結(jié)論;(1)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的對(duì)稱軸為SKIPIF1<0,對(duì)稱中心為SKIPIF1<0;(2)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的對(duì)稱軸為SKIPIF1<0,對(duì)稱中心為SKIPIF1<0;(3)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0函數(shù)無(wú)對(duì)稱軸,對(duì)稱中心為SKIPIF1<0;(4)求函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的對(duì)稱軸的方法;令SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0;對(duì)稱中心的求取方法;令SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,即對(duì)稱中心為SKIPIF1<0.(5)求函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的對(duì)稱軸的方法;令SKIPIF1<0得SKIPIF1<0,即對(duì)稱中心為SKIPIF1<0題型1.研究三角函數(shù)的性質(zhì)(如周期性、單調(diào)性、最值、奇偶性、對(duì)稱性等)的前提是用公式把已給函數(shù)化成同一個(gè)角同一種類型的三角函數(shù)形式(簡(jiǎn)稱:同角同函)SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,常見(jiàn)方法有:(1)用同角三角函數(shù)基本關(guān)系式或誘導(dǎo)公式將已給函數(shù)化成同函;(2)用倍角公式(升冪或降冪)將已給函數(shù)化成同角;(3)用兩角和、差公式或輔助角公式SKIPIF1<0將已給函數(shù)化成同函.題型2.研究三角函數(shù)的性質(zhì)(如周期性、單調(diào)性、最值、奇偶性、對(duì)稱性等)時(shí),一般是把已給函數(shù)化成同同角同函型,但未必所有三角函數(shù)都能化成上述SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0的形式,有時(shí)會(huì)化簡(jiǎn)為二次函數(shù)型:SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,這時(shí)需要借助二次函數(shù)知識(shí)求解,但要注意SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍.若將已給函數(shù)化簡(jiǎn)為更高次的函數(shù),如SKIPIF1<0,則換元后可通過(guò)導(dǎo)數(shù)求解.如:解析式中同時(shí)含有SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,由關(guān)系式SKIPIF1<0得到SKIPIF1<0關(guān)于SKIPIF1<0的函數(shù)表達(dá)式.題型3.求三角函數(shù)的值域(最值),通常利用正余弦函數(shù)的有界性,一般通過(guò)三角變換化為下列基本類型:(1)SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0;(2)SKIPIF1<0,引入輔助角SKIPIF1<0,化為SKIPIF1<0;(3)SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0;(4)SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0;(5)SKIPIF1<0,根據(jù)正弦函數(shù)的有界性,既可用分析法求最值,也可用不等式法求最值,更可用數(shù)形結(jié)合法求最值.易錯(cuò)提醒:在進(jìn)行圖像變換時(shí),提倡先平移后伸縮,但先伸縮后平移(先周期后相位)在題目中也經(jīng)常出現(xiàn),所以必須熟練掌握,無(wú)論哪種變化,切記每一個(gè)變換總是對(duì)變量SKIPIF1<0而言的,即圖像變換要看“變量SKIPIF1<0”發(fā)生多大變化,而不是“角SKIPIF1<0”變化多少.例.定義在SKIPIF1<0上的函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0滿足在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0內(nèi)恰有兩個(gè)零點(diǎn)和一個(gè)極值點(diǎn),則下列說(shuō)法不正確的是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0的最小正周期為SKIPIF1<0B.將SKIPIF1<0的圖象向右平移SKIPIF1<0個(gè)單位長(zhǎng)度后關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱C.SKIPIF1<0圖象的一個(gè)對(duì)稱中心為SKIPIF1<0D.SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增【詳解】依題可知SKIPIF1<0,于是SKIPIF1<0,于是SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,對(duì)于A,由SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的最小正周期為SKIPIF1<0,故A錯(cuò)誤;對(duì)于B,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以將SKIPIF1<0的圖象向右平移SKIPIF1<0個(gè)單位長(zhǎng)度后得SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0不關(guān)于原點(diǎn)對(duì)稱,故B錯(cuò)誤;對(duì)于C,由SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0不是SKIPIF1<0圖象的一個(gè)對(duì)稱中心,故C錯(cuò)誤;對(duì)于D,由SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,故D正確.故選:ABC.變式1.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,把函數(shù)的圖象向右平移SKIPIF1<0個(gè)單位長(zhǎng)度,得到函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象,若SKIPIF1<0時(shí),方程SKIPIF1<0有實(shí)根,則實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值可以為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【詳解】因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,將函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象向右平移SKIPIF1<0個(gè)單位長(zhǎng)度,得到函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象,則SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,由SKIPIF1<0得SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0,所以,SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,故選:CD.變式2.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的初相為SKIPIF1<0,則下列結(jié)論正確的是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0的圖象關(guān)于直線SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱B.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的一個(gè)單調(diào)遞減區(qū)間為SKIPIF1<0C.若把函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象向右平移SKIPIF1<0個(gè)單位長(zhǎng)度得到函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象,則SKIPIF1<0為偶函數(shù)D.若函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上的值域?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0【詳解】由題意知SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.對(duì)于選項(xiàng)A,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0的圖象關(guān)于直線SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱,故A項(xiàng)正確;對(duì)于選項(xiàng)B,由SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí),函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的一個(gè)單調(diào)遞減區(qū)間為SKIPIF1<0,故B項(xiàng)正確;對(duì)于選項(xiàng)C,SKIPIF1<0的圖象向右平移SKIPIF1<0個(gè)單位長(zhǎng)度得到函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象,所以SKIPIF1<0為奇函數(shù),故C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;對(duì)于選項(xiàng)D,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,即:SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上的值域?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,故D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤.故選:AB.變式3.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,則下列說(shuō)法正確的是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0B.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的最小正周期為SKIPIF1<0C.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象的對(duì)稱軸方程為SKIPIF1<0D.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象可由SKIPIF1<0的圖象向左平移SKIPIF1<0個(gè)單位長(zhǎng)度得到【詳解】SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,故A正確;函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的最小正周期為SKIPIF1<0,故B正確;由SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,故C錯(cuò)誤;由SKIPIF1<0的圖象向左平移SKIPIF1<0個(gè)單位長(zhǎng)度,得SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,故D錯(cuò)誤.故選:AB1.為了得到函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象,可將函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象(
)A.向右平移SKIPIF1<0個(gè)單位長(zhǎng)度 B.向左平移SKIPIF1<0個(gè)單位長(zhǎng)度C.向右平移SKIPIF1<0個(gè)單位長(zhǎng)度 D.向左平移SKIPIF1<0個(gè)單位長(zhǎng)度【答案】D【分析】將函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0變?yōu)镾KIPIF1<0的同名函數(shù),然后利用函數(shù)圖象的平移變換法則即可得解.【詳解】SKIPIF1<0,所以將函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象向左平移SKIPIF1<0個(gè)單位長(zhǎng)度后得到SKIPIF1<0的圖象.故選:D.2.要得到函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象,可以將函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象(
)A.向右平移SKIPIF1<0個(gè)單位長(zhǎng)度 B.向左平移SKIPIF1<0個(gè)單位長(zhǎng)度C.向右平移SKIPIF1<0個(gè)單位長(zhǎng)度 D.向左平移SKIPIF1<0個(gè)單位長(zhǎng)度【答案】A【分析】利用誘導(dǎo)公式化簡(jiǎn)得到SKIPIF1<0,然后根據(jù)圖象的平移變換判斷即可.【詳解】SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0的圖象向右平移SKIPIF1<0得到SKIPIF1<0的圖象.故選:A.3.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上為單調(diào)函數(shù),且圖象關(guān)于直線SKIPIF1<0對(duì)稱,則(
)A.將函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象向右平移SKIPIF1<0個(gè)單位長(zhǎng)度,所得圖象關(guān)于y軸對(duì)稱B.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減C.若函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上沒(méi)有最小值,則實(shí)數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是SKIPIF1<0D.若函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上有且僅有2個(gè)零點(diǎn),則實(shí)數(shù)a的取值范圍是SKIPIF1<0【答案】AB【分析】根據(jù)函數(shù)單調(diào)性及對(duì)稱軸求出函數(shù)解析式,由函數(shù)的平移判斷A,根據(jù)單調(diào)性判斷B,由函數(shù)的圖象與性質(zhì)可判斷CD
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