2023-2024學(xué)年廣東省大灣區(qū)高三下二模聯(lián)考英語試題(解析版)

高級中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE2廣東省大灣區(qū)2023-2024學(xué)年高三下二模聯(lián)考英語試題第一部分略第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AInthisissue,weofferupasmalltasteofavastandattractiveculinary(烹飪的)region—fromclassicdishesandtreasuredinstitutionstopioneeringchefsandnewdirections.Hereiswhatsomeofthecontributorswanttosaytoyou.PatrickHanlonAlthoughthereisalotofseaweedaroundIreland’scoast,itwasn’talwaysliked.However,it’snowbecomingincreasinglypopularasakeypartintraditionalIrishfood.ThedishIenjoyedwhilelookingoutovertheAtlanticinConnemaraperfectlyshowedhowpopularseaweedhasbecomelately.CONNEMARA,P8MikeJordanI’matrueSoutherner:borninNashville,raisedinHuntsville,Alabama,andnowbasedinAtlanta.IlovedtalkingtobrilliantSouthernchefslikeMashamaBaileyandRodneyScott,whorepresenttheregion’sincrediblediversityanduniqueculture,andtellnewstoriesthroughtheircuisine.SOUTHERNSTATES,P48SianMeadesWilliamsWhenIvisitedSantorinitofindoutmoreaboutvinsanto,thelocaldessertwine,itwasthepowerfulwomenwinemakersthatreallyimpressedme.They’reworkinghardtomakerealchangeintheindustry,andtheirlovefortheisland,itsproduceandtheircommunityrunsthrougheverythingtheydo.SANTORINI,P66CeciliaHae-JinLeeTheculinaryhistoryofanycountryisfullofdepthandsurprises.SharingthestoryofbibimbaprevealsonlyasmallpartofthebeautifulandtroubledhistoryofmyhomecountryofKorea,withitsrollingcountryside,dramaticmountainsandweather-beatenfishingboats.BIBIMBAP,P761.WhowritesaboutthecuisineoftheSouthernstates?A.PatrickHanlon. B.MikeJordan.C.SianMeadesWilliams. D.CeciliaHae-JinLee.2.WhatimpressedSianMeadesWilliamsduringhervisittoSantorini?A.Thediversityofcultures. B.Thelocaldessertwine.C.Thepopularityofseaweed. D.Thefemalewinemakers.3.OnwhichpagecanwereadaboutKorea’sculinaryhistory?A.P8. B.P48. C.P66. D.P76.【語篇解讀】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要列舉了四名撰稿人對于各地美食的介紹?！即鸢浮?.B2.D3.D【1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“IlovedtalkingtobrilliantSouthernchefslikeMashamaBaileyandRodneyScott,whorepresenttheregion’sincrediblediversityanduniqueculture,andtellnewstoriesthroughtheircuisine.(我喜歡與MashamaBailey和RodneyScott等杰出的南方廚師交談，他們代表了該地區(qū)令人難以置信的多樣性和獨特的文化，并通過他們的烹飪講述了新的故事)”可知，邁克·喬丹寫的是南方各州的美食。故選B?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“WhenIvisitedSantorinitofindoutmoreaboutvinsanto,thelocaldessertwine,itwasthepowerfulwomenwinemakersthatreallyimpressedme.(當(dāng)我去圣托里尼島尋找更多關(guān)于當(dāng)?shù)靥瘘c酒vinsanto的信息時，給我留下深刻印象的是那些強大的女性釀酒師)”可知，希恩·米德斯·威廉姆斯在圣托里尼島旅行時，女釀酒師給她留下了深刻的印象。故選D。【3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Theculinaryhistoryofanycountryisfullofdepthandsurprises.SharingthestoryofbibimbaprevealsonlyasmallpartofthebeautifulandtroubledhistoryofmyhomecountryofKorea,withitsrollingcountryside,dramaticmountainsandweather-beatenfishingboats.BIBIMBAP,P76(任何國家的烹飪歷史都充滿了深度和驚喜。分享拌飯的故事只揭示了我的祖國韓國美麗而動蕩的歷史的一小部分，這里有起伏的鄉(xiāng)村、引人注目的山脈和飽經(jīng)風(fēng)霜的漁船。石鍋拌飯，第76頁)”可知，第76頁我們可以讀到韓國的烹飪歷史。故選D。BAmericanshaveadopteddogsinrecordnumbersinthepandemic(流行病),andwereallydon’tlikeleavingournewfamilymembershomeontheirown.Weworrythatthey’llbelonely,orworse,chewthefurniture.Soweask:Whatwouldwewanttodoifwewereathomewithnothingtodo?WatchTV,ofcourse.DogTV,achannelfordogs,hasbeenavailableintheUnitedStatessince2012.LastmonthitexpandedtoreachdogsinEngland,AustraliaandNewZealandandisnowavailablein14countries.Unsurprisingly,morethan80percentofthechannel’ssubscribersareAmericans,whomakeupthelargestpetmarketintheworld.AccordingtoRonLevi,thefounderofDogTV,thereisasignificantamountofseparationanxietyamongpetowners.DogTVwascreatedtoprovidesensoryandvisualstimulationthatcanhelpreducethisanxiety.Levicameupwiththeideaforthechannelin2006whenherealizedthatdogsarehighlysocialanimalsandoftenstrugglewhenleftaloneathome.Thus,hedecidedtofocusontheirneeds.WhilesomeanimalbehavioristsadvocatefortheuseoftoysandpuzzlesinsteadofTV,othersbelievethatcertaintypesofprogrammingcanbebeneficialwhenthereisnothingelsegoingon.ForpetownerslikeSageRandall,whogotanewdognamedCarrotCakein2020tokeephercompanywhileworkingathome,theguiltofleavingapetalonecanbegreat.ShelaughedwhenafriendadvisedhertogetDogTVandthoughtitwascrazytoevenimagineadogactuallysittingstilltowatchtelevision.However,shetrieditandwasshockedthatCarrotCakeenjoyedwatchingthedifferentlandscapesandseeingotherdogsplaying.AlthoughDogTVmaynotbeaperfectsolutionforeverypetowner,itprovidesaninterestinglookathowtechnologyisbeingusedtoaddresstheneedsofdogs.Asforwhetherdogsactuallyenjoytelevisionorifwearesimplyfindingcomfortinprovidingthemwiththisveryhumanformofentertainment,thatremainsanopenquestion.4.Whoismostlikelytobetheauthorofthisarticle?A.Adogowner. B.Amobilesubscriber.C.Ananimalbehaviorist. D.AnAmericanmarketer.5.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph2?A.Americanslikedogsbest. B.Thepetmarketisgrowing.C.Dogscosttheirownersalot. D.DogTVisgainingpopularity.6.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.Howdogs’needsaremet. B.WhyDogTVwascreated.C.Whatworriespetowners. D.Whofoundedthechannel.7.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinmentioningSageRandall?A.Tocomparedifferentwaysoftreatingdogs. B.Toexplaindogs’fondnessforwatchingTV.C.Toillustratetheattitudeofsomepetowners. D.Toshowtheeffectoftechnologyonanimals.【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了隨著美國養(yǎng)狗的人越來越多，狗狗頻道DogTV開始流行起來。〖答案〗4.A5.D6.B7.C【4題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Americanshaveadopteddogsinrecordnumbersinthepandemic(流行病),andwereallydon’tlikeleavingournewfamilymembershomeontheirown.Weworrythatthey’llbelonely,orworse,chewthefurniture.(在疫情期間，美國人收養(yǎng)狗的數(shù)量創(chuàng)歷史新高，我們真的不喜歡把新的家庭成員獨自留在家里。我們擔(dān)心它們會很孤獨，或者更糟，會咬家具)”可知，文章的作者是養(yǎng)狗的人。故選A?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“DogTV,achannelfordogs,hasbeenavailableintheUnitedStatessince2012.LastmonthitexpandedtoreachdogsinEngland,AustraliaandNewZealandandisnowavailablein14countries.Unsurprisingly,morethan80percentofthechannel’ssubscribersareAmericans,whomakeupthelargestpetmarketintheworld.(狗狗頻道DogTV自2012年起在美國開播。上個月，它擴(kuò)展到英國、澳大利亞和新西蘭的狗狗，現(xiàn)在在14個國家都可以買到。不出所料，該頻道80%以上的訂戶是美國人，他們構(gòu)成了世界上最大的寵物市場)”可知，DogTV越來越受歡迎。故選D?！?題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“AccordingtoRonLevi,thefounderofDogTV,thereisasignificantamountofseparationanxietyamongpetowners.DogTVwascreatedtoprovidesensoryandvisualstimulationthatcanhelpreducethisanxiety.Levicameupwiththeideaforthechannelin2006whenherealizedthatdogsarehighlysocialanimalsandoftenstrugglewhenleftaloneathome.Thus,hedecidedtofocusontheirneeds.(據(jù)DogTV的創(chuàng)始人羅恩·列維說，寵物主人中有大量的分離焦慮。DogTV的創(chuàng)建是為了提供感官和視覺刺激，可以幫助減少這種焦慮。利瓦伊在2006年想到了這個頻道的想法，當(dāng)時他意識到狗是高度群居的動物，經(jīng)常在獨自在家時掙扎。因此，他決定關(guān)注他們的需求)”可知，第三段的主要內(nèi)容是為什么創(chuàng)建DogTV。故選B?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“ForpetownerslikeSageRandall,whogotanewdognamedCarrotCakein2020tokeephercompanywhileworkingathome,theguiltofleavingapetalonecanbegreat.ShelaughedwhenafriendadvisedhertogetDogTVandthoughtitwascrazytoevenimagineadogactuallysittingstilltowatchtelevision.However,shetrieditandwasshockedthatCarrotCakeenjoyedwatchingthedifferentlandscapesandseeingotherdogsplaying.AlthoughDogTVmaynotbeaperfectsolutionforeverypetowner,itprovidesaninterestinglookathowtechnologyisbeingusedtoaddresstheneedsofdogs.(對于像SageRandall這樣的寵物主人來說，她在2020年養(yǎng)了一只名叫胡蘿卜蛋糕的新狗，以便在家工作時陪伴她，把寵物獨自留下的內(nèi)疚感可能很棒。當(dāng)一個朋友建議她訂閱狗狗頻道DogTV時，她笑了起來，她認(rèn)為想象一只狗真的坐著看電視真是太瘋狂了。然而，她試了一下，震驚地發(fā)現(xiàn)胡蘿卜蛋糕很喜歡看不同的景象，也很喜歡看其他狗狗玩耍。雖然DogTV可能不是每個寵物主人的完美解決方案，但它提供了一個有趣的視角，看看科技是如何被用來滿足狗的需求的)”可知，作者提到SageRandall的目的是說明一些寵物主人的態(tài)度。故選C。CYes,havingabignameinsciencewillhelpgetyourpaperpublished,anewstudyconfirms.Involvinghundredsofresearchersreviewinganeconomicspaper,thestudyfoundthatreviewersweremorelikelytorecommendacceptancewhenthepaperwasassociatedwithafamousauthorcomparedtoalesser-knownone.TheMattheweffect,atermcoinedin1968todescribethisprejudice,hasbeenatopicofconcernamongscientistsforyears.However,previouseffortstodocumentthisprejudicehadlimitationssuchassmallsamplesizesorlackofrandomization.Toaddresstheseissues,ateamfromtheUniversityofInnsbruckconductedanextensivestudy.Theteamsentemailstoabout3,300researchers,invitingthemtoreviewaneconomicspaperforarealjournal.Thepaperhadtwoauthors:VernonSmith,aNobelPrizewinner,andSabiouInoua,oneofSmith’sformerPh.D.students.Thepotentialreviewersreceivedoneofthreedescriptionsofthepaper:onementioningonlySmith,anothermentioningonlyInoua,andathirdwithnoauthormentioned.Oftheresearcherswhoagreedtoreviewthepaper,Smith’sfameinfluencedtheirresponses.WhengivenonlySmith’sname,38.5%acceptedtheinvitationtoreview,whilethefigureswere30.7%forthosegivennonameand28.5%forthosegivenonlyInoua’sname.Tofurtheravoidprejudice,theteamrandomlyassignedthe313reviewerswhoinitiallyreceivednoauthor’snametoreviewoneofthreepapers:onecreditedtoSmithalone,anothertoInouaalone,andathirdwithnoauthorslisted.ReviewersratedthepapercreditedtoSmiththehighest,praisingitsinclusionofnewinformationanddata-supportedconclusions.Theversionwithnoauthorsreceivedrecommendationsforacceptancefrom24%ofreviewers,morethandoublethepercentagefortheversioncreditedonlytoInoua.Theteamwarnedagainstevaluatingidenticalworkdifferentlybasedontheauthor’sidentityandsuggestedthatdouble-blindreviewsmayreducetheprejudice.However,thisapproachmaynotbeeffectiveasreviewerscanoftenidentifyauthorsthroughpreprintsorconferencepresentations.8.Whatdoestheterm“theMattheweffect”refertoaccordingtothispassage?A.Atopicofpublicconcern. B.Apreferenceinpublication.C.Adocumentdescribingcoins. D.Awaytogetpapersaccepted.9.WhydidtheteamfromtheUniversityofInnsbruckcarryouttheextensivestudy?A.Toreviewaneconomicspaper. B.Tofindfaultwithpriorstudies.C.Tofurtherinvestigateaneffect. D.Tostudyhowtoreleasepapers.10.Whatarepresentedinparagraphs3and4?A.Datareceptionandrelease. B.Paperdescriptionandscores.C.Researchmethodsandfindings. D.Authors’identitiesandresponses.11.Whatdoestheteamsuggesttoreducetheprejudice?A.Revisingthereviewmethod. B.Readingtheonlinepreprint.C.Assessingdifferentworks. D.Addingnewinformation.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇科普說明文。文章主要介紹了科學(xué)界中馬太效應(yīng)的一個實證研究，該效應(yīng)描述了在科學(xué)研究中對著名作者存在的偏見，以及這種偏見對論文發(fā)表機會的影響并提出了減少這種偏見的可能方法。〖答案〗8.B9.C10.C11.A【8題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“TheMattheweffect,atermcoinedin1968todescribethisprejudice,hasbeenatopicofconcernamongscientistsforyears.However,previouseffortstodocumentthisprejudicehadlimitationssuchassmallsamplesizesorlackofrandomization.Toaddresstheseissues,ateamfromtheUniversityofInnsbruckconductedanextensivestudy.(馬太效應(yīng)是1968年創(chuàng)造的一個術(shù)語，用來描述這種偏見，多年來一直是科學(xué)家們關(guān)注的話題。然而，先前記錄這種偏見的努力存在局限性，例如樣本量小或缺乏隨機化。為了解決這些問題，來自因斯布魯克大學(xué)的一個團(tuán)隊進(jìn)行了一項廣泛的研究。)”可知，“馬太效應(yīng)”被描述為“對著名作者的偏見”和“基于作者身份對相同作品的不同評價”。它用來描述審稿人在接受與著名作者相關(guān)的論文時，相比于鮮為人知的作者，所表現(xiàn)出的偏見。這清楚地表明，它指的是出版過程中的偏好或偏見。故選B。【9題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“TheMattheweffect,atermcoinedin1968todescribethisprejudice,hasbeenatopicofconcernamongscientistsforyears.However,previouseffortstodocumentthisprejudicehadlimitationssuchassmallsamplesizesorlackofrandomization.Toaddresstheseissues,ateamfromtheUniversityofInnsbruckconductedanextensivestudy.(馬太效應(yīng)是1968年創(chuàng)造的一個術(shù)語，用來描述這種偏見，多年來一直是科學(xué)家們關(guān)注的話題。然而，先前記錄這種偏見的努力存在局限性，例如樣本量小或缺乏隨機化。為了解決這些問題，來自因斯布魯克大學(xué)的一個團(tuán)隊進(jìn)行了一項廣泛的研究。)”可知，該團(tuán)隊進(jìn)行了一項廣泛的研究是為了深入調(diào)查這一效應(yīng)，而不是簡單地回顧一篇經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)論文、找先前研究的錯誤或研究如何發(fā)布論文。故選C?！?0題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Theteamsentemailstoabout3,300researchers,invitingthemtoreviewaneconomicspaperforarealjournal.(該團(tuán)隊向大約3300名研究人員發(fā)送了電子郵件，邀請他們?yōu)橐环菡嬲钠诳瘜忛喴黄?jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)論文。)”、第四段“Tofurtheravoidprejudice,theteamrandomlyassignedthe313reviewerswhoinitiallyreceivednoauthor’snametoreviewoneofthreepapers:onecreditedtoSmithalone,anothertoInouaalone,andathirdwithnoauthorslisted.(為了進(jìn)一步避免偏見，研究小組隨機分配了313名最初沒有收到作者姓名的審稿人，讓他們分別審查三篇論文中的一篇：一篇是Smith一個人的論文，另一篇是Inoua一個人的論文，還有一篇沒有作者的論文。)”可知，在這兩段中，首先介紹了研究團(tuán)隊使用的實驗方法，即他們模擬了經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)領(lǐng)域論文的同行評審過程，并詳細(xì)說明了實驗的具體步驟。接著，在第4段中，他們呈現(xiàn)了研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)，即論文的作者身份確實對審稿人的評分有顯著影響，這進(jìn)一步驗證了“馬太效應(yīng)”的存在。因此，這兩段主要介紹了研究方法和發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選C?！?1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Theteamwarnedagainstevaluatingidenticalworkdifferentlybasedontheauthor’sidentityandsuggestedthatdouble-blindreviewsmayreducetheprejudice.However,thisapproachmaynotbeeffectiveasreviewerscanoftenidentifyauthorsthroughpreprintsorconferencepresentations.(該團(tuán)隊警告說，不要根據(jù)作者的身份對相同的作品進(jìn)行不同的評估，并建議雙盲評審可能會減少偏見。然而，這種方法可能并不有效，因為審稿人通?？梢酝ㄟ^預(yù)印本或會議演講來識別作者。)”可知，研究人員認(rèn)為減少偏見的唯一方法是修改評審方法。因此，團(tuán)隊建議的是修訂評審方法以減少偏見。故選A。DCities,oftenseenasecologicalwastelands,actuallyhavethepotentialtoproduceexceptionalbiologists.Whiletraditionalbiologiststypicallycomefromruralbackgrounds,urbanresidentspossessdiverseskillsetsthatmakethembetterones.Takemyselfasanexample.GrowingupinPhiladelphiaprovidedmewithauniqueangletolookaturbanecology.Thecity’sdistinctseasons,plentifulsquirrels,rowhomes,andfestivalsservedasmyfirstecologicalclassroom.ItwastherethatIwitnessedwildcatseatingbirdsandrats,peopledrivingbatsfromtheirhomes,andsnakesbeingkilledbylawnmowers(割草機).Thiswasecologyinaction,asrealasanyobservationinfieldsandforests.Theuniqueenvironmentofurbanareasencourageswildlifetheretodevelopdistinctfeaturesandbehaviorsthatsetthemapartfromtheirruralcounterparts:theymaybelargerinsize,beactiveatdifferenttimesoftheday,movedifferently,andevendisplaydifferentpersonalities.Somebiologistsarguetheyareeven“smarter”becausetheybalancemorerisks,suchasexposuretoroads,poisonouschemicalsanddiseasesfromdomesticanimals—withrewards,ofcourse,likeinhabitableparksandhuman-providedfood.Ashumanresidentsofcities,wetooadapttotherisksandchallengesofurbanliving.Thisadaptationsharpensourintuition(直覺)—welearnwhichstreetstoavoidandlockourdoorsforsafety.Ourabilitytoassessthreatsandourawarenessregardingsafetyinfluenceourbehaviorsandchoices,muchastheydoforurbanwildlife.Sharedexperiencessuchastheseenableustobetterunderstandandappreciateurbanwildlife.Mostoftheworld’spopulationnowaccessesgreenandbluespaces,aswellaswildlife,withinurbanneighborhoods.Natureisnolongeronlyuntouchedwilderness;itincludessoundsofhumanlaughter,trashtrucksandfirealarms.Weurbanresidentsareresourcefulandimaginative.Weneedmorecapacity,moreparticipation,moreenergyandmoreinnovationinsciencetocreatesolutionstofightenvironmentaldegradationandreducebiodiversityloss.Identifyingthistalentacrosscitiespresentsapracticalapproach.12.WhatdidgrowingupinPhiladelphiateachtheauthor?A.Philadelphiaisuniquelyrichinwildlife.B.Studyingbiologyatschoolhelpsgreatly.C.Urbanwildcreaturesneedprotectiontoo.D.Citiesarefarfromecologicalwastelands.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“counterparts”inparagraph3mostlikelymean?A.Similarspecies. B.Potentialenemies.C.Naturalresources. D.Qualifiedbiologists.14.Whatexperienceshelpurbanresidentsunderstandwildlifebetter?A.Eco-friendlyhabits. B.Risk-awarebehaviors.C.Ill-informedchoices. D.Fast-pacedurbanlife.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.CitiesBuildBetterBiologists B.WhatMakesSmarterResidents?C.UrbanAreasEncourageWildlife D.WhoSavesEcologicalWastelands?【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了一個來自城市的生物學(xué)家認(rèn)為城市的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和野外的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)一樣值得研究，并且期待未來能有更多來自城市環(huán)境的生物學(xué)家一起創(chuàng)造生態(tài)學(xué)的未來?！即鸢浮?2.D13.A14.B15.A【12題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“Whiletraditionalbiologiststypicallycomefromruralbackgrounds,urbanresidentspossessdiverseskillsetsthatmakethembetterones.(雖然傳統(tǒng)的生物學(xué)家通常來自農(nóng)村背景，但城市居民擁有多樣化的技能，使他們成為更好的生物學(xué)家。)”和第二段“Takemyselfasanexample.GrowingupinPhiladelphiaprovidedmewithauniqueangletolookaturbanecology.Thecity’sdistinctseasons,plentifulsquirrels,rowhomes,andfestivalsservedasmyfirstecologicalclassroom.ItwastherethatIwitnessedwildcatseatingbirdsandrats,peopledrivingbatsfromtheirhomes,andsnakesbeingkilledbylawnmowers(割草機).Thiswasecologyinaction,asrealasanyobservationinfieldsandforests.(以我自己為例。在費城長大讓我有了一個獨特的角度來看待城市生態(tài)。這座城市分明的季節(jié)、豐富的松鼠、排屋和節(jié)日是我的第一個生態(tài)課堂。在那里，我親眼目睹了野貓吃鳥和老鼠，人們把蝙蝠從家里趕出去，蛇被割草機殺死。這就是生態(tài)學(xué)的作用，就像在田野和森林里觀察到的一樣真實。)”可知，在費城長大教會作者城市并非生態(tài)荒地。故選D。【13題詳析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)前文“Theuniqueenvironmentofurbanareasencourageswildlifetheretodevelopdistinctfeaturesandbehaviors(城市地區(qū)獨特的環(huán)境促使野生動物發(fā)展出獨特的特征和行為)”和下文“theymaybelargerinsize,beactiveatdifferenttimesoftheday,movedifferently,andevendisplaydifferentpersonalities(它們可能體型較大，在一天中的不同時間活動，動作不同，甚至表現(xiàn)出不同的個性)”可推斷，這讓它們與農(nóng)村的野生動物區(qū)分開來，因此推斷劃線詞與A項“相似物種”意思相近，故選A?！?4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“Ourabilitytoassessthreatsandourawarenessregardingsafetyinfluenceourbehaviorsandchoices,muchastheydoforurbanwildlife.Sharedexperiencessuchastheseenableustobetterunderstandandappreciateurbanwildlife.(我們評估威脅的能力和安全意識會影響我們的行為和選擇，就像它們對城市野生動物的影響一樣。這些共同的經(jīng)歷使我們能夠更好地理解和欣賞城市野生動物。)”可知，風(fēng)險意識行為有助于城市居民更好地了解野生動物。故選B?！?5題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Whiletraditionalbiologiststypicallycomefromruralbackgrounds,urbanresidentspossessdiverseskillsetsthatmakethembetterones.(雖然傳統(tǒng)的生物學(xué)家通常來自農(nóng)村背景，但城市居民擁有多樣化的技能，使他們成為更好的生物學(xué)家。)”和最后一段“Weurbanresidentsareresourcefulandimaginative.Weneedmorecapacity,moreparticipation,moreenergyandmoreinnovationinsciencetocreatesolutionstofightenvironmentaldegradationandreducebiodiversityloss.Identifyingthistalentacrosscitiespresentsapracticalapproach.(我們城市居民足智多謀，想象力豐富。我們需要更多的能力、更多的參與、更多的精力和更多的科學(xué)創(chuàng)新，以創(chuàng)造應(yīng)對環(huán)境退化和減少生物多樣性喪失的解決方案。在各個城市尋找這樣的人才是一種實用的方法。)”可知，文章首尾呼應(yīng)，點明主題——城市可以培養(yǎng)出更好的生物學(xué)家。故選A項。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Springmarathonsareapproaching,andwe’reheretohelpyouprepareforthestartingline.____16____.WhattrainingplanshouldIuse?____17____.Somepeoplerespondwelltologginghighmileagesixdaysaweek,whileotherspreferlower-intensityplansthatallowformorecross-trainingandfewerrunningdays.Thebestmarathontrainingplanistheonethatsuitsyourneedsandpreferences.____18____?Thedurationofyourmarathontrainingplandependsonyourexperiencelevel,currentfitness,andtheexpertorauthorityyou’refollowing.Typically,marathontraininglasts12to20weeks,withmostplansfallingwithinthe16-to20-weekrange.WhatifImisstrainingtime?It’simportanttosticktoyourtrainingplaninordertorunyourbestrace.However,noone’strainingisperfect.Don’tworryifyoumisssomerunsduetolifeeventsorunexpectedcircumstances.____19____.Whatifmytrainingfeelstoodifficult?Marathontrainingisnoeasytask.Attimes,thiscanfeeloverbearinganddifficult.Youshouldbeuncomfortabletosomedegree,whichisnormalwhengrowinginanything.____20____.Ifitdoes,consideradjustingyourplanorseekingadvicefromexperiencedrunnersorcoaches.Finally,don’tforgetaboutfuelingduringtrainingandracing,aswellaswhattowearonraceday.Withtherighttrainingplan,preparation,andattentiontothesedetails,you’llbewell-equippedtorunyourbestraceyet—whetherit’syourfirstor50th!A.TrainingplansvaryforeachrunnerB.HowlongshouldItrainforamarathonC.HowdoIdeterminemymarathongoalsD.Butyourtrainingshouldn’tfeelimpossibleE.It’sbettertoskipafewdaystoallowyourbodytorestF.TakeadeepbreathandgetbackontrackassoonaspossibleG.Thisguideaddressescommonquestionsaboutmarathontraining【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了關(guān)于馬拉松訓(xùn)練的常見問題和建議?！即鸢浮?6.G17.A18.B19.F20.D【16題詳析】上文“Springmarathonsareapproaching,andwe’reheretohelpyouprepareforthestartingline.(春季馬拉松即將來臨，我們將幫助您準(zhǔn)備迎接起跑線)”表明作者要幫助讀者準(zhǔn)備春季馬拉松，下文“WhattrainingplanshouldIuse?(應(yīng)該使用什么訓(xùn)練計劃？)”說明讀者在準(zhǔn)備馬拉松比賽中的一個常見問題，G選項“本指南解答了關(guān)于馬拉松訓(xùn)練的常見問題”承接上文，引出下文，符合語境。故選G。【17題詳析】上文“WhattrainingplanshouldIuse?(應(yīng)該使用什么訓(xùn)練計劃？)”表明本段要回答的問題，下文“Somepeoplerespondwelltologginghighmileagesixdaysaweek,whileotherspreferlower-intensityplansthatallowformorecross-trainingandfewerrunningdays.(有些人喜歡每周六天高里程的跑步，而另一些人更喜歡強度較低的計劃，從而進(jìn)行更多交叉訓(xùn)練并減少跑步天數(shù))”,選項A“每位跑步者的訓(xùn)練計劃各不相同”回答上文問題，引出下文，符合語境。故選A?！?8題詳析】下文“Thedurationofyourmarathontrainingplandependsonyourexperiencelevel,currentfitness,andtheexpertorauthorityyou’refollowing.(你的馬拉松訓(xùn)練計劃的持續(xù)時間取決于你的經(jīng)驗水平、當(dāng)前的健康狀況以及你正在遵循的專家或權(quán)威)”表明馬拉松訓(xùn)練計劃的持續(xù)時間取決于個人的經(jīng)驗水平、當(dāng)前的健康狀況以及正在遵循的專家或權(quán)威，是對選項B“馬拉松訓(xùn)練應(yīng)該持續(xù)多久？”這一問題的回答，故選B?！?9題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Don’tworryifyoumisssomerunsduetolifeeventsorunexpectedcircumstances.(如果因生活事件或意外情況錯過了一些訓(xùn)練，不要擔(dān)心)”可知，如果因生活事件或意外情況錯過了一些訓(xùn)練，不要擔(dān)心，選項F“深呼吸，盡快恢復(fù)正常訓(xùn)練”承接上文，和上文一起回答“WhatifImisstrainingtime?(如果錯過了訓(xùn)練時間怎么辦？)”這一問題。故選F。【20題詳析】上文“Youshouldbeuncomfortabletosomedegree,whichisnormalwhengrowinginanything.(在任何成長過程中，都會有一定程度的不適，這是正常的)”表明在任何成長過程中，都會有一定程度的不適，這是正常的，下文“Ifitdoes,consideradjustingyourplanorseekingadvicefromexperiencedrunnersorcoaches.(如果真的感覺訓(xùn)練不能完成，考慮調(diào)整你的計劃或?qū)で蠼?jīng)驗豐富的跑步者或教練的建議)”說明真的感覺訓(xùn)練不能完成，考慮調(diào)整計劃或?qū)で蠼?jīng)驗豐富的跑步者或教練的建議，選項D“Butyourtrainingshouldn’tfeelimpossible(但你的訓(xùn)練不應(yīng)該感覺不可能完成)”與上文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，引出下文的解決辦法，和上下文一起回答“Whatifmytrainingfeelstoodifficult?(如果訓(xùn)練感到困難怎么辦？)”。故選D。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。It’sbeenoverayearsinceIstartedmyvolunteerworkasacaregiveratawell-knownlocationhereinOklahoma.Duringarecentvisit,Ihada(n)____21____withanursethere.WediscussedhowIranintosomeissueswithmyrightlegafteraterriblefall.Iwassharinghowmynew____22____ledmetohavetomakesomepersonalchangesandsoI____23____someat-homeprojects,suchasavegetablegarden,achickenpen,andmypetbirds,whenJudithwheeledoverandpolitelyintroducedherself.She____24____offeredmealike-newbirdcagetoreplacemy____25____one,andIgratefullyacceptedher____26____.WhenIwenttoJudith’shouseto____27____thebirdcage,sheaskedifIcould____28____herforanupcomingsurgerysinceshehadnooneelsetorelyon.Ifelt____29____tobechosentotakecareofherafterthe____30____.Judith,whoisalsoa____31____andhasdevotedmanyyearstoworkingasahospitalvolunteer,truly____32____tobetreatedwithkindnessandrespect.Thisexperienceservesasabeautifulexampleoftwo____33____showingrandomactsofkindnesstowardseachother.Ifirmlybelievethateverythinghappensforareason,andIamtruly____34____fortheopportunitytocareforJudith.Inthefuture,shouldIeverneed____35____,Ihopetoreceivethesamelovingsupport.21.A.date B.drink C.argument D.conversation22.A.jobs B.rules C.challenges D.wishes23.A.funded B.sold C.created D.studied24.A.kindly B.proudly C.jokingly D.calmly25.A.hanging B.struggling C.hand-made D.solar-powered26.A.offer B.claim C.decision D.donation27.A.lookfor B.pickup C.throwoff D.putaway28.A.forgive B.thank C.interview D.accompany29.A.honored B.prepared C.relaxed D.qualified30.A.checkin B.accident C.operation D.examination31.A.patient B.doctor C.cleaner D.caregiver32.A.needs B.expects C.deserves D.continues33.A.nurses B.elders C.visitors D.strangers34.A.sorry B.grateful C.responsible D.famous35.A.advice B.assistance C.information D.guidance【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者在醫(yī)院當(dāng)志愿者的時候遇到了護(hù)士朱迪思，兩人在生活上互相幫助，讓作者意識到兩個陌生人對彼此表現(xiàn)善意的一個很好的例子?！即鸢浮?1.D22.C23.C24.A25.B26.A27.B28.D29.A30.C31.D32.C33.D34.B35.B【21題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在最近的一次訪問中，我與那里的一位護(hù)士進(jìn)行了一次交談。A.date日期；B.drink飲料；C.argument爭論；D.conversation對話。根據(jù)后文“WediscussedhowIranintosomeissueswithmyrightlegafteraterriblefall.(我們討論了我的右腿在一次嚴(yán)重的跌倒后遇到的一些問題)”可知，作者和護(hù)士進(jìn)行了交談。故選D。【22題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我正在分享我的新挑戰(zhàn)如何讓我不得不做出一些個人改變，所以我在家里做了一些項目，比如菜園、雞圈和我的寵物鳥，這時朱迪思轉(zhuǎn)過身來，禮貌地自我介紹。A.jobs工作；B.rules規(guī)則；C.challenges挑戰(zhàn)；D.wishes希望。根據(jù)上文“WediscussedhowIranintosomeissueswithmyrightlegafteraterriblefall.(我們討論了我的右腿在一次嚴(yán)重的跌倒后遇到的一些問題)”可知，作者摔倒腿受了傷，即面臨新挑戰(zhàn)。故選C?！?3題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我正在分享我的新挑戰(zhàn)如何讓我不得不做出一些個人改變，所以我在家里做了一些項目，比如菜園、雞圈和我的寵物鳥，這時朱迪思轉(zhuǎn)過身來，禮貌地自我介紹。A.funded資助；B.sold出售；C.created創(chuàng)造；D.studied學(xué)習(xí)。根據(jù)后文“someat-homeprojects,suchasavegetablegarden,achickenpen,andmypetbirds”指作者在家創(chuàng)造了一些項目，比如菜園、雞圈和我的寵物鳥，故選C?！?4題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：她好心地給了我一個嶄新的鳥籠來代替我那只苦苦掙扎的鳥籠，我感激地接受了她的提議。A.kindly善良地；B.proudly驕傲地；C.jokingly開玩笑地；D.calmly平靜地。根據(jù)后文“offeredmealike-newbirdcagetoreplace”指護(hù)士好心地給作者提供了一個新鳥籠。故選A。【25題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：她好心地給了我一個嶄新的鳥籠來代替我那只苦苦掙扎的鳥籠，我感激地接受了她的提議。A.hanging懸掛著的；B.struggling艱難奮斗的；C.hand-made手工制造的；D.solar-powered太陽能的。根據(jù)上文“offeredmealike-newbirdcagetoreplacemy”提供新鳥籠是因為之前的鳥籠舊了，苦苦掙扎。故選B?！?6題詳析】考查動詞名詞辨析。句意：她好心地給了我一個嶄新的鳥籠來代替我那只苦苦掙扎的鳥籠，我感激地接受了她的提議。A.offer提議；B.claim聲稱；C.decision決定；D.donation捐贈。呼應(yīng)上文“offeredmealike-newbirdcage”指接受對方的提議。故選A?！?7題詳析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：當(dāng)我去朱迪斯家取鳥籠時，她問我是否可以陪她去做一個即將到來的手術(shù)，因為她沒有其他人可以依靠。A.lookfor尋找；B.pickup撿起；C.throwoff擺脫；D.putaway放好。根據(jù)后文“thebirdcage”去對方家里是為了取鳥籠。故選B?！?8題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我去朱迪斯家取鳥籠時，她問我是否可以陪她去做一個即將到來的手術(shù)，因為她沒有其他人可以依靠。A.forgive原諒；B.thank感謝；C.interview采訪；D.accompany陪伴。根據(jù)后文“herforanupcomingsurgerysinceshehadnooneelsetorelyon”可知，對方詢問作者是否可以陪她去做一個即將到來的手術(shù)，因為她沒有其他人可以依靠。故選D?！?9題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我感到很榮幸被選中在手術(shù)后照顧她。A.honored榮幸的；B.prepared準(zhǔn)備好的；C.relaxed放松的；D.qualified取得資格的。根據(jù)后文“tobechosentotakecareofherafterthe”以及“tobetreatedwithkindnessandrespect”可知，作者認(rèn)為對方值得被善待和尊重，所以感到榮幸被選中在手術(shù)后照顧她。故選A?！?0題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我感到很榮幸被選中在手術(shù)后照顧她。A.checkin報到；B.accident事故；C.operation手術(shù)；D.examination檢查。呼應(yīng)上文“foranupcomingsurgery”指手術(shù)后照顧對方。故選C。【31題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：朱迪思也是一名護(hù)理人員，多年來一直在醫(yī)院做志愿者，她確實值得被善待和尊重。A.patient病人；B.doctor醫(yī)生；C.cleaner清潔工；D.caregiver護(hù)理人員。根據(jù)后文“hasdevotedmanyyearstoworkingasahospitalvolunteer”可知，朱迪思也是一名護(hù)理人員，多年來一直在醫(yī)院做志愿者，故選D?！?2題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：朱迪思也是一名護(hù)理人員，多年來一直在醫(yī)院做志愿者，她確實值得被善待和尊重。A.needs需要；B.expects期待；C.deserves值得；D.continues繼續(xù)。根據(jù)上文“hasdevotedmanyyearstowor