高中英語(yǔ)必修四第四單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)

UnitfourEarthquakes

1.burst爆裂，突發(fā)

Thesquareisburstingwithtourists.廣場(chǎng)上到處都是游客。

Ifeltasifmyheartwouldburstwithjoy.我覺(jué)得自己興奮

得心花怒放。

Thepoliceburstthroughthedoor.警察破門而入。

Therewasaburstoflaughterinthenextroom.隔壁房間里突

然爆發(fā)出一陣笑聲。

聯(lián)想擴(kuò)展：

(1)burstinon…突然打斷

Heburstinonourconversation.他突然打斷了我們的談話。

(2)burstinto+n.突然…

Thespeakerburstintoangryspeech.演講者突然講粗話。

(3)burstout+doing突然…

Thewomanburstoutcryinglikeachild,那個(gè)婦女突然像小孩一■樣

哭了。

(4)bursttodosth.迫切想做某事

Iamburstingtotellyouthenews.我迫不與待的想告知你

這個(gè)消息。

2.suffer

用法歸納：

A,受苦Hesufferedterriblywhenhismotherdied.

B,受至U損失IfIlost,myself-esteemwillsuffer.

C,遭遇Hesufferednopain

聯(lián)想擴(kuò)展：sufferfrom

1、受??,之苦Isufferedmostfromlackofrest.

2、患，??病Iamsufferingfromacold.

特殊提示：

suffer表示“患…病”時(shí)，后面一般跟疾病名稱。

suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoo

latetocleanuptheriver.

A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.To

sufferD.Suffered

3.reach

用法歸納：

(1)到達(dá)

Thestartedearly,hopingtoreachtherebeforedark.它們很

早就動(dòng)身，希望天黑前到達(dá)那里。

易混辨析：

reach;get;arrive至!J達(dá)

reach后干脆加地點(diǎn)；get加to再加地點(diǎn)；arrive后加at/in再加

地點(diǎn)，at后加小地點(diǎn)；in后加大地點(diǎn)。假如表示地點(diǎn)的詞是副詞，get

和arrive后都不能用介詞。另外，只表示“到了”，不強(qiáng)調(diào)到什么地方

用arriveo

(2)達(dá)到

Thenumberofthestudentsinourschoolwillreach2000next

year.

(3)用手或腳夠到

Canyoureachthebookonthetopoftheshelf你能夠到書架頂上

的那本書嗎？

特殊提示：

reach還可以作名詞，表示“用手或腳能夠到的范圍；管轄范圍或臂展”。

Pleasepassmethesalt,it'soutofmyreach.請(qǐng)把鹽遞給我，我

夠不到。

(4)傳到某人手中/耳中

Yourletterreachedmeyesterday.我昨天收到你的來(lái)信。

Thenewsreachedmejustnow.我剛剛聽(tīng)到那個(gè)消息。

(5)通向；延長(zhǎng)

Wheredoesthisroadreach這條路通向哪里？

即時(shí)活用：

1、Mostchildrenstayathomeuntiltheyschoolage.

A.getBeC.reachD.arrive

2、DearJenny,thankyouforyourletterwhichon

April1st.

A.arrivedB.arrivedatC.arrivingD.arrivedme

3、Itisthattheletterwillyouthis

afternoon.

A.mostlike;arriveB.likely;reachC.mostlylike;

getD.bestlike;reach

4.cover

(1)覆蓋

Theplaygroundiscoveredbyfallenleaves,weshouldclean

it.特殊提示：

表示“覆蓋”時(shí)，常用covei-with/by句型，并且譯法比較敏捷。

Iamcoveredbydust.我滿身都是土。Shecoveredherfacewith

herhands.她用雙手捂著臉。

(2)包括；包含；涉與

Thestudyofphysicscoversmanysubjects.

(3)愛(ài)護(hù)；掩護(hù)

Themothercoveredthebabyfromthefallingceiling.母親愛(ài)

護(hù)嬰兒不受下落的天花板的損害。

(4)走完多少路；看完多少頁(yè)書。

Icancover100Lionfootaday.我一天不行能走100里。

Howmanypageshaveyoucovered你看完了多少頁(yè)書？

(5)占多大面積

Ourschoolcoversanareaof60.000squaremeters.我們學(xué)校

占地60000平方米。

特殊提示：

表示“占多大面積”用…coversanareaof+數(shù)詞。

(6)采訪

Thechiefeditorsentareportertocovertheevent.主編派

了一記者去采訪整個(gè)事務(wù)。

1、Thefarmishuge,lyingbetweenthevalleys,and

anareaof15squarekilometers.

A.coveredB.beingcoveredC.coveringD.covers

2、Thisisalonghardwinter,witheverything

white.

A.coveredB.coveredbyC.coveringD.

coveringwith

3、Thisbookissaidtobeaspecialonewhichmany

eventsnotfoundinotherhistorybooks.

A.writesB.

coversC.printsD.reads

4、Thisisalonghardwinter,witheverythingwhite.

A.coveredB.coveredbyC.coveringD.

coveredwith

5、Thefarmishuge,lyingbetweenthevalleys,andan

areaof15squarekilometers.

A.coveredB.beingcoveredC.coveringD.covers

5.digout挖出；發(fā)覺(jué)；捐錢

Itisnoteasytodigoutthepast.發(fā)掘過(guò)去的歷史是不簡(jiǎn)單的。

Hewasburiedbyanavalancheandhadtobedugout.他遇雪崩被

埋住了，得把他挖出來(lái)。

聯(lián)想擴(kuò)展：

digdown挖下digin起先細(xì)致的工作digat挖苦；訕笑某人dig

deep挖深；挖出來(lái)

digfor發(fā)掘；搜集diginto鉆研digup掘起；挖出

6.表示方位的介詞in/on/to/off

用法歸納：

(I)in表示在范圍里的某個(gè)方向

ShanghaiisintheeastofChina,上海在中國(guó)的東部。

(2)on表不接壤

CanadaisonthenorthoftheUSA,加拿大在美國(guó)北邊。

(3)to表示不在范圍里，也不接壤

JapanliestotheeastofChina.日本在中國(guó)東邊。

特殊提示：

上邊的句子可以改寫為：

JapanlieseastofChina.或者EastofChinaliesJapan.

改正過(guò)的句子省略了介詞to,緣由在于表示方向的名詞還可以作副詞，表

示“在什么方向”或“去什么方向”。

(4)off表示

A.在范圍里但不接壤(多指各國(guó)的島嶼)

TaiwanisofftheeastofChina,臺(tái)灣在中國(guó)的東部。

B.在離…不遠(yuǎn)處

Myhouseisoffthemainroad.我家離大路不遠(yuǎn)。

1、TaiwanliesthesoutheastofFujian,whichis

southeastofChina.

A.in;onB.to;inC.on;inD.to;

on

2、Theytraveled,allthewayuptoWisconsin.

A.thenorthB.inthenorthC.northD.the

south

7.keep/stop/prevent***fromdoing防止/阻擋???發(fā)生

Whatpreventedyoufromcomingontime什么事情使你沒(méi)有按時(shí)到？

主動(dòng)句中，stop和prevent后的from可以省略，keep后的from不能省

略。被動(dòng)句中，三個(gè)詞后面的from都不能省略。

即時(shí)活用：

Itseemsverydifficult.

A.tostopthechildtocryB.preventingthechildcrying

C.tokeepthechildfromcryingD.holdingthechild's

crying

8.makesure=besure

(1)+todo肯定；務(wù)必

Besuretocomeontimethisafternoon.下午肯定要按時(shí)至U。

(2)+of+n.把…弄準(zhǔn)確

IknowthereisatraintoBeijingtonight,butyoushouldmakesure

ofthetime.

(3)+that從句

WearesurethatChinawillbecomeastrongandpowerfulcountry,

besure/makesuretodo=becertaintodo

besure/makesureof+n.=becertainof+n.

besure/makesure+that…=becertain+that…

當(dāng)besure/makesure+that…時(shí),句子的主語(yǔ)必需是人；而becertain

+that…時(shí)，句子的主語(yǔ)用ito

1、Itisthattheybothhavethegreatestrespectforeach

other.

A.certainB.sureC.

certainlyD.surely

2、Henry,thelightiswhenyouleavethelab.

Allright.

A.besure;turneddownB.makesure;turned

off

C.sure;turnoffD.makesure;turningoff

9.protectvt.愛(ài)護(hù)

(1)protectsth.

Toprotecttheenvironment,weshoulddriveless.為了愛(ài)護(hù)環(huán)

境，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)少開(kāi)車。

(2)protectsth./sb.from+n.

Youshouldwearapairofdarkglassestoprotectyoureyesfrom

thesnow.

(3)protectsb./sth.fromdoing

GeYouspeakscarefullyinpublictoprotecthimselffrombeing

hurt.

(4)protectAagainstB

Thetreebeltscanprotectthisareaagainstshiftingsand.

1、Heraisedbothhisarmstoprotecthisfacetheball.

A.fromB.forC.withD.to

2、Atthemeeting,wereachedaconclusionthatweshould

dowhatwecouldtheYellowRiverfrombeingfurtherpolluted.

A.toprotectB.protectingC.

protectD.protected

3、You'dbetterwearyoursunglassestoprotectyoureyes

thesun.

A.fromB.withC.inD.under

10.Thereisno+doing…是不行能的

Thereisnoknowinghowoldheis.不知道他多大。

Thereisnopersuadinghimtogiveuphisidea.不行能勸服他放棄

他的觀點(diǎn)。

11＞大量的

⑴修飾不行數(shù)名次agreat/gooddeal/alargeamountof/much

⑵修飾可數(shù)名次many/anumberof/agreat(good)many

⑶即可修飾可數(shù)名次也可修飾不行數(shù)名次plentyof/alotof/lots

of/alargequantityof/quantitiesof/amassof/massesof

1、Ispentofmytimeinthiswork.

A.aplentyB.agoodmanyC.agooddealD.great

deal

2、-Howmanybooksdoeshehave--Hepossesses

them.

A.plentyofB.verymuchC.agreatdealD.an

amountof

Thosewhowelcomedtherailwaysawitasmorethanarapidand

comfortablemeansofpassing.Theyactuallysawitasafactorin

worldpeace.Theydidnotforeseethattherailwaywouldbejust

onemoremeansfortherapidmovementofaggressivearmies.None

ofthemforesawthatthemorewearetogether—themorechancesthere

areofwar.Anyboyorgirlwhoisoneofalargefamilyknowsthat.

Wheneveranynewinventionisputforward,thoseforitandthose

againstitcanalwaysfindmedicalmentoapproveorcondemn.The

anti-railwaygroupproduceddoctorswhosaidthattunnelswouldbe

mostdangeroustopublichealth:theywouldproducecolds,catarrhs

（粘膜炎）andconsumptions.Thedeafeningnoiseandtheglareof

theenginefire,wouldhaveabadeffectonthenerves.Further,

beingmovedthroughtheairatahighspeedwoulddograveinjury

todelicatelungs.Inthosewithhighblood-pressure,themovement

ofthetrainmightproduceapoplexy（中風(fēng)）.Thesuddenplunging

ofatrainintothedarknessofatunnel,andtheequallysudden

rushintofulldaylight,wouldcausegreatdamagetoeyesight.But

thepro-railwaygroupwasofcourseabletoproduceequallyfamous

medicalmentosayjusttheopposite.Theysaidthatthespeedand

swingofthetrainwouldequalizethecirculation,promotedigestion,

tranquilizethenerves,andensuregoodsleep.

Theactualrolling-stockwasanythingbutcomfortable.Ifit

wasatestofendurancetositforfourhoursoutsideacoachin

rain,orinsideindirtyair,therailwayofferedlittlemorein

thewayofcomfort.Certainlythefirst-classcarriageshad

cushionedseats;butthesecond-classhadonlynarrowbareboards,

whilethethird-classhadnothingatall;noseatsandnoroof;they

werejustopentrucks.Sothatthird-classpassengersgainednothing

fromthefewmodeexceptspeed.Inthematterofcomfort,indeed

theylost;theydid,onthecoaches,haveaseat,butnowtheyhad

tostandalltheway,whichgaveopportunitiestothecomic（滑

稽的）press.Thiskindofthing:Amanwasseenyesterdaybuying

athird-classticketforthenewLondonandBirminghamRailway.The

stateofhismindisbeingenquiredinto.

Awriterintheearlydaysofrailwayswrotefeelinglyofboth

second-andthird-classcarriages.Hemadethesuggestionthatthe

directorsoftherailwaysmusthavesentallovertheworldtofind

thehardestpossiblewood.Oftheopenthird-classtruckshesaid

thattheyhadthepeculiarpropertyofmeetingtherainfromwhatever

quarteritcame.Hedescribedthemashorizontalshower-baths,from

whosesearchingpowertherewasnoescape.

16.Allboysandgirlsinlargefamiliesknowthat,

A)aboyandagirlusuallyfightwhentheyaretogether

B)peopletendtobetogethermorethantheyusedtobe

C)alotofpeoplebeingtogethermakesfightslikely

D)Railwayleadstheworldtopeace

17.Accordingtothosewhowelcomedtherailway,therailway

itselfshouldincludeallthefollowingexcept.

A)therailwayenablespeopletravelfastB)therailway

bringscomforttopeople

C)therailwaymakestheworldpeacefulD)therailwayleads

theworldtowaraswell.

18.Accordingtotheanti-railwaygroup,allthefollowingsare

truebut.

A)tunnelsaredangeroustopublichealth

B)thenoiseandtheglareoftheenginefiremayaffect

people5snerves

C)therapidspeedthroughtheairdoesdamagetopeople，s

lungs

D)tothosewithhighblood-pressure,therapidspeedofthe

traincausesthemtodie

19.Wemaysafelyconcludethat.