Unit3GettingalongwithothersGrammarandusage（課件）高一英語（譯林版2020）.x

GrammarandUsage(I)RestrictiverelativeclauseswithrelativepronounsUnit2Gettingalongwithothers

Lead-in:TranslatetheproverbsHewholaughslastlaughsbest.誰笑到最后誰笑得最好。Friendshipislikehealth,thevalueofwhichisseldomknowuntilitislost.真正的友誼猶如健康的身體，失去時方知其可貴。ReadthroughthearticleofpartAonpage34andanswerthequestion.AExploringtherules:Whataretheprosandconsofmakingfriendsonline?Pros:

Peoplemaybeabletomakemanyfriendsonline.Cons:

Friendshipsonlinecanbeveryshallow.Textingandmessagingcan'treplaceface-to-facechatting.Sharingexperiencesonsocialmediaisnotenoughtoexpressone'svalues.“Liking”friends'photosonlinedoesn'tdeveloptheconnectionwiththem.Arealfriendissomeonewhowalksin...Arealfriendissomeonewhosesupportwecancounton.Arealfriendissomeonewhoseesourtrueself......notjustthefacethatweshowtotheworld....themoderntoolsthatkeepusconnected......thefriendswhomwelove....thevalueswhichmattermosttous....theconnectionwhichweshare.What'sthefunctionofthewordsinbold?Finish“Workingouttherules”onpage34.Arestrictiverelativeclausemodifiesanoun,pronounornounphrasebeforeit.Weuserelativepronounsorrelativeadverbstointroducerestrictiverelativeclauses.WorkingouttherulesWeuse__________forthings,and__________andwhomforpeople.Wecanuse__________forboththingsandpeople.Weuse__________toshowpossession.whichwhothatwhoseReadthefollowingsentencesandcombinethemintoonewithproperrelativewords.1.Peoplehaveclosefriends.Peoplenaturallyenjoytheircompany.2.Heiskind-hearted.Hehastruefriends.3.Friendshipisapreciouswealth.Onesearchesforitallone'slife.Readthethreesentences,andanalysethefunctionofeachrelativeword.1.People_______haveclosefriendsnaturallyenjoytheircompany.2.He________iskind-heartedhastruefriends.3.Friendshipisapreciouswealth________onesearchesforallone'slife.whowhothat/which定語從句和定語的作用是一樣的，都為了修飾名詞（或代詞）；定語從句通常是一個句子跟在一個名詞或代詞后面，而這個句子就叫做定語從句被修飾的名詞（或代詞）叫先行詞定語從句置于先行詞之后1.Thebook(先行詞)thatIboughtyesterday(關(guān)系詞+從句部分)isveryinteresting.2.Thegirl(先行詞)whosemotherisateacher(關(guān)系詞+從句部分)ismybestfriend.基礎(chǔ)概念:引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞為關(guān)系代詞，關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系代詞：who,whom,whose,which,that關(guān)系副詞：when,where,why根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)的不同，定語從句可以分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句兩種。限制性定語從句是必須有的，用來修飾先行詞，沒有它句子就不完整；而非限制性定語從句則是對先行詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明，即使沒有也不會影響句子的意思。例如：1.ThebookthatIboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.(限制性定語從句)2.Thebook,whichIboughtyesterday,isveryinteresting.(非限制性定語從句)1)Thewoman______spokeatthemeetingwasMrsJones.2)MrsSmith___________youmetyesterdayisafriendofmine.3)InGreecetherewasonceaking________namewasMidas.4)I'dlikearoomthewindowof________looksoutoverthesea.用關(guān)系詞填空，并分析其作用:which(who/whom)whosewho主語賓語定語賓語5)Adictionaryisabook___________givesthemeaningofwords.6)Theletter_____________Ireceivedyesterdaywasfrommybrother.7)I'llneverforgettheday________Ibecamealeaguemember.8)Thisistheplace_______mymotherwasborn.9)Idon'tknowthereason________shelooksunhappytoday.用關(guān)系詞填空，并分析其作用:which/that(which/that)whenwherewhy主語賓語狀語狀語狀語10)Ifyourestorehertothebracingmountainair________sheisaccustomedto,sheprobablywillgetperfectlywellagain.11)Allthewaydownsheshowedhimmanyplaces__________theprettymountainflowersgrew,allof________namesshecouldtellhim.12)Thegrandfatherhadbroughtabigbasketwithhim,________hecarriedhalfofthecontents.用關(guān)系詞填空，并分析其作用:whichwhosewhereinwhich賓語狀語定語狀語定語關(guān)系詞代詞為who、whom、which、that、whose,它們在句子中代替先行詞，同時在從句中作一定的句子成分，具體用法如下：1).who：用來指代人，當(dāng)先行詞是人時，且關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語或者賓語時，可選用who。例如：“Ishethemanwhowantstoseeyou?”這句話中的who就是定語從句的關(guān)系代詞，代表先行詞theman,在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語。Doyouknowtheman(who）theteacheristalkingwith?這句話中的who就是定語從句的關(guān)系代詞，代表先行詞theman,在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語。關(guān)系代詞的用法

2.whom：用來指代人，當(dāng)先行詞是人時，且關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語時。例如：“Heistheman（whom）Isawyesterday.”這句話中的whom就是定語從句的關(guān)系代詞，代表先行詞theman，在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語關(guān)系代詞的用法

3.whose：既可指人也可指物，在定語從句中作定語，表達(dá)一種所屬關(guān)系。例如：Iknowthegirlwhosemotherisateacherinourschool.(作定語）Thisisthebookwhosecoverisred.(作定語）關(guān)系代詞的用法

4.that：即可指代人也可指物，that在定語從句中可以充當(dāng)主語和賓語，that的選用限制要求最少，因此也是定語從句中出現(xiàn)頻度很高的關(guān)系代詞。例如：Thisisthecarthatwasboughtbymywifeyesterday.(作主語）ThisisthecarthatIboughtyesterday.(作賓語）關(guān)系代詞的用法

5.which：常常指代物，當(dāng)先行詞是物，且關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語和賓語時，可選用which。Thisisthemagzinewhichwasboughtlastnight.(作主語）ThisisthemagzineIboughtlastnight.(作賓語）關(guān)系代詞的用法

在英語中，如果定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞that、which、whom在從句中作賓語，那么可以省略引導(dǎo)詞that、which、whom。例如：1.Thebook(that或which)Iboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.(引導(dǎo)詞that或which省略)2.Thegirl(whom)Imeetinthestreetismybestfriend.(引導(dǎo)詞whom省略)定語從句的省略

1.PreviewPage35(BApplyingtherules);

2.FinishPage70partC.HomeworkGrammarandUsage(II)RestrictiverelativeclauseswithrelativepronounsUnit2GettingalongwithothersHomework(WorkbookPage70PartC):1.Allmyclassmatesenjoyedthecake___________Imade.2.Shehasabrother________nameIcan'tremember.3.Itisbelievedbymanypeoplethattheman_________makesnomistakesdoesnotusuallymakeanything.4.MysisterTinalikesreadingnovels___________werewrittenbyCharlesDickens.5.ItisanAustraliancompany________logolookslikearedkangaroo.(which/that)whosewho/thatwhich/thatwhose6.Thebook__________Iborrowedfromthelibraryyesterdayisveryinteresting.7.Thisisthebestfilm________wehaveevermadeaboutfriendship.8.Ireallyadmirepeople________canworkinsuchdifficultconditions.9.Theman_________________wemetinthestreetjustnowusedtobemyEnglishteacher.10.Iadmiretheway____________hesolvestheproblem.(which/that)thatwho/that(who/that/whom)(inwhich/that)Homework(WorkbookPage70PartC):BApplyingtherules:Answer1.Commoninterestsproviderichgroundfromwhichmanyfriendshipsgrow.2.Friendshipsgrowbestbetweenfriendswhosecommunicationiswarmandopen.3.Friendshipsarelikeflowerswhich/thatneedtobetakengoodcareof.BApplyingtherules:4.Arelationshipwithatruefriend(whom/that/who)youcancountonwillsurelyproducefruit.5.Tomakefriends,youshouldhelpotherstheway

(inwhich/that)youhavebeenhelped.theway做先行詞時，引導(dǎo)詞可用inwhich,that或不填Thepassagebelowisaboutfriendshipinagreatnovel.Completethepassagewithcorrectrelativepronounswherenecessary.PartB2which/thatwhosewho/that(which/that)whichwhom/that/whowho/thatQuestion:AreHuckFinnandJimtruefriends?

Whydoyouthinkso?Yes,theyare.BecauseHuckrefusestogiveJimtothoseslavecatchers.WordsandexpressionsinB2appeartobe

anunlikelypairlongto

befreethehighpointofthestorybefacedwithsth./facesth.whethertodohand...overslavecatcherthroughthickandthinExpressyouropiniononfriendsorfriendshipusingrestrictiverelativeclauseswithrelativepronouns.Let’swriteFriendshipislikesunshinewhichbringsuswarmthandhappiness.Friendshipisalsooneofthegreatestpleasuresthatwecanenjoy.Whenintrouble,weneedfriendswhocangiveussupportandencouragement.Withsuccessachieved,wealsoneedfriendsthatcanshareourjoys.Weallneedfriendswhosehelpmakesourlifemoreenjoyable.))thesubjectoftheclausewhichsunshinethatantecedent

Friendshipislikesunshinewhichbringsuswarmthandhappiness.Friendshipisalsooneofthegreatestpleasuresthatwecanenjoy.(oneofthegreatestpleasurestheobjectoftheclauseantecedent

())thesubjectoftheclausewhofriendsthatfriendsthesubjectoftheclauseantecedent

antecedent

Whenintrouble,weneedfriendswhocangiveussupportandencouragement.Withsuccessachieved,wealsoneedfriendsthatcanshareourjoys.((Weallneedfriendswhosehelpmakesourlifemoreenjoyable.()friends’whoseantecedent’s

Arealfriendissomeone(whosesupportwecancounton).whosesupport=someone'ssupportIsawamanshoutingatadriver_______carwasblockingthestreet.Thisisthelittlegirl_______parentswerekilledinthegreatearthquake.whosethedriver’scarwhosethelittlegirl’sparentsPairwork:page35Workinpairs,describeafriendofyoursusingrestrictiverelativeclauses.Readtheexamplebelowandfindoutwhichsentencepatternswecanuse.MybestfriendisHannah.ImetherinaparkinwhichIplaybadminton.Oneday,thefriendwhoInormallyplaywithhadtogohomeearly,andIwasabouttoleavetoo.ThatwasthemomentwhenHannahcameuptomeandaskedifIwantedtoplaywithher.Wegotonreallywellandsoonbecameclosefriends.IknowsheissomeonethatIcanrelyonintimesofdifficulty.HomeworkFindanarticleaboutfriendshipfrombooksandappreciatesentencesusingrestrictiverelativeclauseswithrelativepronouns.（1）限制性定語從句只能用that的幾種情況1）當(dāng)先行詞是anything,everything,nothing（something除外）,few,all,none,little,some等代詞，或者是由every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much,each等修飾時，只能用that，但有時可以省略。Haveyoutakendowneverything（that）Mr.Leehassaid?你記下了李先生說的一切了嗎？Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone．所有能做的都做了。Thereislittle（that）Icandoforyou．我?guī)缀醪荒転槟阕鍪裁?。難點(diǎn)分析

2）當(dāng)先行詞前面有who,which等疑問代詞時，只能用that。Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere？正站在那兒的那個人是誰？WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost？哪件T恤衫最適合我？3）當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時，只能用that。ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen．這是我看過的最好的一部電影。4）當(dāng)形容詞被thevery,theonly,thesame,thelast修飾時，只能用that。當(dāng)先行詞指人時偶爾也可以用who。Thisistheverygooddictionaryth