高中英語外研版必修第二冊(cè)Unit 3 Period 3　Using language-to-infinitive as attributive and adverbial of result

Period3Usinglanguage—to-infinitiveasattributiveandadverbialofresult感知以下句子，并完成方框下面的練習(xí)1．Thatfootballissuchasimplegametoplayisperhapsthebasisofitspopularity.2．Itisfunenoughtoattractmillionsofpeople.3．...footballhasbecomeoneofthebestwaysforpeopletocommunicate...1．句1和句3中的動(dòng)詞不定式作定語。2．句2中的動(dòng)詞不定式作結(jié)果狀語。3．不定式作定語，修飾名詞或代詞，通常要放在被修飾詞之后。4．不定式作定語，表示將來的動(dòng)作。5．不定式作狀結(jié)果狀語，常表示意料之外的結(jié)果。動(dòng)詞不定式是非謂語動(dòng)詞的一種，它沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，動(dòng)詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征，在句中可以作主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、賓語補(bǔ)足語等，但不能作謂語。一、結(jié)構(gòu)基本結(jié)構(gòu)：to＋動(dòng)詞原形，有時(shí)不定式符號(hào)to可以省略。否定形式：notto＋動(dòng)詞原形。不定式有形式和語態(tài)變化，通常有下表中的幾種形式(以do為例)：形式主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone進(jìn)行式tobedoing完成進(jìn)行式tohavebeendoing二、動(dòng)詞不定式作定語不定式及其短語作定語，與其他短語作定語一樣，一般都放在被修飾的詞之后，通常表示一個(gè)將來的動(dòng)作，有時(shí)也可以表示某一過去的特定動(dòng)作。動(dòng)詞不定式作定語與被修飾的詞之間有一定的邏輯關(guān)系。這些關(guān)系常見的有三種：1．不定式與被修飾的名詞或代詞有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。Hetoldmehehadacompositiontowrite.他告訴我他有一篇作文要寫。Iwanttogetsomethingtodrink.我想喝點(diǎn)東西。注意：此時(shí)的不定式必須是及物動(dòng)詞。如果是不及物動(dòng)詞，其后就帶一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)或含義上所需要的介詞。Willyoupleasebringmeachairtositin?請(qǐng)給我拿把椅子來坐好嗎？Shehasnothingtoworryabout.她沒有什么可擔(dān)心的事。2．不定式與被修飾的名詞或不定代詞有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。Hewasthelastonetoarrive.他是最后一個(gè)到達(dá)的人。(不定式動(dòng)作的邏輯主語是one)Isthereanyonetotakecareofthechild?有人照顧這個(gè)孩子嗎？(不定式動(dòng)作的邏輯主語是anyone)注意：此時(shí)的不定式在意義上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。Amongthementotakepartinthework(＝Amongthemenwhoaretotakepartinthework)，heisprobablythemostactive.在參加這項(xiàng)工作的人當(dāng)中，他可能是最活躍的。3．不定式與所修飾的名詞是同位關(guān)系。Ithinkhewillhaveachancetogotohishometown.我認(rèn)為他有機(jī)會(huì)去他的家鄉(xiāng)。WemadeaplantolearnEnglisheveryday.我們制訂了一個(gè)每天學(xué)習(xí)英語的計(jì)劃。4．幾點(diǎn)關(guān)鍵用法(1)不定式作定語，修飾thefirst，thelast，thethird等，中心詞為不定式的執(zhí)行者時(shí)用todo(主動(dòng)式)，中心詞為不定式承受者時(shí)用tobedone(被動(dòng)式)。Thenewspaperreporterwasthelasttowalkoutofthecave.那位報(bào)社記者是最后一個(gè)走出山洞的。Thisisthethirdquestiontobediscussed.這是要討論的第三個(gè)問題。(2)中心詞是由動(dòng)詞派生的名詞，原動(dòng)詞常接不定式作賓語，此類名詞有wish，decision，arrangement，intention，hope，need，plan，promise，attempt等。Theymadeadecisiontoputoffthemeetinguntilnextweek.他們做出了把會(huì)議推遲到下個(gè)星期的決定。Thereisnoneedtobuildadamonthesmallriver.沒有必要在這條小河上筑壩。(3)中心詞是由形容詞派生的名詞，原形容詞常接不定式作狀語，此類名詞有ability，anxiety，patience，willingness等。Agoodteachermusthavetheabilitytomakehimselfunderstood.一個(gè)好老師必須有讓別人理解自己的能力。(4)名詞本身是抽象名詞，常用不定式解釋其中的內(nèi)容，此類名詞有chance，plan，courage，effort，measure，opportunity，idea，way等。Inourcountry，everyonehastherighttogotoschool.在我們國家，每個(gè)人都有上學(xué)的權(quán)利。Hehasastrangewaytomakehisclasseslivelyandinteresting.他有一種奇特的方法使他的課生動(dòng)有趣。(5)中心詞是不定式的承受者，不定式應(yīng)該是及物動(dòng)詞或相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的短語，不定式通常不能帶賓語。不定式的執(zhí)行者是句子的主語、間接賓語或泛指的人，用主動(dòng)式todo；強(qiáng)調(diào)不定式另有一個(gè)執(zhí)行者，用被動(dòng)式tobedone。Ihavealettertopost，soIcan'tgotoswimwithyou.我有一封信要寄，所以我不能和你一起去游泳。Ihavealettertobeposted.Canyouhelpme?我有一封信要寄出去，你能幫我嗎？三、動(dòng)詞不定式作結(jié)果狀語動(dòng)詞不定式作結(jié)果狀語常表示意料之外的結(jié)果，有時(shí)在不定式前加only。Hehurriedtotherailwaystation，onlytofindthetrainhadleft.他匆忙趕到車站，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)火車已經(jīng)開走了。動(dòng)詞不定式作結(jié)果狀語還有以下句型：so＋形容詞/副詞＋astodo如此……以至于……such＋形容詞＋名詞＋astodo如此……以至于……enough＋名詞＋todo足夠……形容詞/副詞＋enough＋todo足夠……too＋形容詞/副詞＋todo太……以至于不能……1．enoughtodo和too...todo結(jié)構(gòu)。TheCalifornianshiparrivedtoolatetosavemorepeople.加利福尼亞號(hào)來得太晚，沒能挽救更多的人。Theboyisn'toldenoughtogotoschool.＝Theboyistooyoungtogotoschool.這個(gè)男孩年齡太小以至于不能去上學(xué)。2．在so/such...astodo結(jié)構(gòu)中，意為“如此……以至于……”。Iamnotsuchafoolastobelieveacheat.我還沒有傻到相信一個(gè)騙子。Heissokindastohelptheoldladyoffthebus.他是如此善良以至于幫助這位老太太下車。Heisnotsostupidastodothat.他還沒有蠢到做那種事。注意：一般說來，不定式作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語必須是句子主語，句子主語和不定式的動(dòng)詞存在著邏輯上的主謂或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。因此不定式短語作狀語可以轉(zhuǎn)化為相應(yīng)的狀語從句。so/such...astodo結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于結(jié)果狀語從句so/such...that...。教材聽力訓(xùn)練(見課堂精彩PPT)補(bǔ)全語段Thissummervacation,1.Iwasoldenoughtofindapart-timejob(我的年齡足夠大了，可以找一份兼職了)inacompany.But2.Ihadaninterviewtoattend(我需要參加一個(gè)面試).3.Withsomanythingstoprepare(有許多事情要準(zhǔn)備)，Iwasverynervous.Thenextday，Iarrivedthereearly,4.onlytobetoldthatIwasthefirsttocome(結(jié)果卻被告知我是第一個(gè)到的)．Iwasnervousagain，butthen5.Ifoundawaytosolvetheproblem(我找到了一個(gè)解決問題的辦法)．Finally,6.Igotthechancetoworkinthecompany(我獲得了在這個(gè)公司工作的機(jī)會(huì))．Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Volunteeringgivesyouachancetochange(change)lives，includingyourown.2．InmydreamsIamalwaysgivenverydifficultjobstodo(do)．3．Sheisalwaysthefirststudenttocome(come)toschool.4．Inmyopinion，thereisnothingtoworry(worry)about.5．Thebestwaytoraise(raise)moneyfortheboyistosellnewspapers.6．Hisfailuretodefend(defend)quicklyenoughledtolosingthematch.7．Theaudienceweregladenoughtointeract(interact)withthatfamousactor.8．Thesoldierreturnedafterthewar，onlytobetold(tell)thathiswifehadlefthim.9．Agriculturegavepeopletheirfirstexperienceofthepoweroftechnologytochange(change)lives.10.Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award，proudIrenedeclaredshehadnoplanstoretire(retire)fromher36-year-oldbusiness.Ⅱ.句型轉(zhuǎn)換(用不定式改寫下列句子)1．Weshouldadmitthatwearewrong.Weshouldhavethecourage.→Weshouldhavethecouragetoadmitthatwearewrong.2．Thechildrenaresmartenough.Theywillmakethemodelplaneontime.→Thechildrenaresmartenoughtomakethemodelplaneontime.3．Withgraduationaroundthecorner，Iwastoobusyinfindingajob，soIwasnotabletogoonatrip.→Withgraduationaroundthecorner，Iwastoobusyinfindingajobtobeabletogoonatrip.4．Anxiously，shetookthedressoutofthepackageandtrieditonbutshefounditdidn'tfit.→Anxiously，shetookthedressoutofthepackageandtriediton，onlytofinditdidn'tfit.5．Havingwonfirstprize，IwassoexcitedthatIcouldn'tsayawordtomyclassmates.→Havingwonfirstprize，Iwassoexcitedasnottosayawordtomyclassmates.Ⅲ.完成句子1．中國已成為第一個(gè)將探測(cè)器著陸在月球背面的國家。Chinahasbecomethefirstcountrytolandaprobeonthefarsideofthemoon.2．我們度假后回到家，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)我們的花園既干凈又整潔。Wecamehomeafterourholidaytofindourgardenneatandtidy.3．我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他是適合共事的人。Wefindheistherightpersontoworkwith.4．沒有什么語言能夠表達(dá)我的感激之情。NowordsarestrongenoughtoexpresshowgratefulIam.5．你能幫我一個(gè)忙嗎？Wouldyoubesokindastodomeafavor，please?Ⅳ.閱讀理解ManyofusknowaboutRussia'sLakeBaikalfromourtextbooks，orbylisteningtoChinesesingerLiJian'shitsong，BaikalLake.Butovertheyears，theworld'sdeepestfreshwaterlakehasbeenafocusforanextremesport.EachMarch，about150peoplefromaroundtheworldsignupfortheBaikalIceMarathon.The26-milejourneystartsonthelake'seasternshore.InMarch，theiceisametrethickandiron-hard.Runnerscrossthisfrozensurface，finishingonthewesternsideofthelake.It'sbelievedthatLakeBaikal'sbeautyisincomparable.Particularlyknownas“theBlueEyeofSiberia”，LakeBaikalhasextremelyclearwaters.Thismeansthatitsiceisalmostperfectlytransparent(透明的)．Seenfromabove，arunnerontheicelooksasifheorshewerejoggingthroughspace.Thescenerymightbebeautiful，butstrongwindsblowacrossthelakeandfrostbite(凍傷)canhappenwithinhalfanhour.Runnerssaythecoldclimateiswhatattractsthemandthatrunninginsuchconditionisatestoftheirlimits.“Whenyouareinsuchanenvironment，youdon'thavecarsaroundyou，andyoudon'thavethenoisearound.Ithinktheseextremeracespushyoutobealone，”AlicjaBarahona，a64-year-oldrunnerfromtheUSsaid.Theplaceofferssomestrangeanduniquefeaturesforthismarathon.Touristscrowdingtheicearemostlyaddictedtotakingpicturesandjustignoretherunners.Forrunners，withoutpeoplewatchingandcheeringforthem，theracebecomesmorechallengingandlonely.Theymustfightwiththemselves.“YouarealoneonBaikal.Itisyourrace.Youarealonewithyourself.Allyouneedtodoisdefeatyourself，”VeroniqueMessina，aFrenchrunner，toldTheTelegraph.語篇解讀這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了每年三月，來自世界各地的約150人報(bào)名參加貝加爾湖冰上馬拉松。跑步者必須在馬拉松比賽中與自己斗爭(zhēng)，挑戰(zhàn)自己的極限。1．WhathaskeptLakeBaikalbeingafocusovertheyears?A．AfamousChinesesinger.B．ApopularsonginRussia.C．ThecoldnessofLakeBaikal.D．TheBaikalIceMarathon.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句以及第二段中的“EachMarch，about150peoplefromaroundtheworldsignupfortheBaikalIceMarathon.”可知，theBaikalIceMarathon讓貝加爾湖多年來一直是人們關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。故選D。2．WhatisLakeBaikalparticularlyknownfor?A．Itsbeautifulscenery.B．Therunners.C．Itsclearwaters.D．Thestrongwinds.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段中的“It'sbelievedthatLakeBaikal'sbeautyisincomparable.Particularlyknownas‘theBlueEyeofSiberia'，LakeBaikalhasextremelyclearwaters.”可知，貝加爾湖因?yàn)樗鼧O其清澈的水而聞名。故選C。3．WhydorunnersparticipateintheBaikalIceMarathon?A．Theywanttotesttheirownlimits.B．Theylikethecompetitionwithothers.C．Theyintendtodrawmuchattention.D．Theyprefertogetclosetonature.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段中的“Runnerssaythecoldclimateiswhatattractsthemandthatrunninginsuchconditionisatestoftheirlimits.”可知，跑步者報(bào)名參加貝加爾湖冰上馬拉松是打算挑戰(zhàn)自己的極限。故選A。4．WhyisVeroniqueMessinamentionedatlast?A．ToprovethepoweroftherunnersfortheBaikalIceMarathon.B．ToshowthatrunnersmustfightagainstthemselvesintheMarathon.C．Toexplainthatindependenceisimportantformarathonrunners.D．Topresentthenecessityofpayingattentiontomarathonrunners.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中的“YouarealoneonBaikal.Itisyourrace.Youarealonewithyourself.Allyouneedtodoisdefeatyourself”可知，最后提到VeroniqueMessina是為了表明跑步者必須在馬拉松比賽中與自己斗爭(zhēng)。故選B。Ⅴ.完形填空Bymorning，Arthurknewwhathehadtodoaftersittingallnight1.Hewentoutandglancedagainathismotorcycle.Therewasnohidingthe2frontlampandthedent(凹痕)ontheside.Arthurletoutasighandwenttorunerrands(跑腿)forhismotherfirst.ItwaslatemorningbeforeArthurwasfreetocarryouthis3.HewenttowardJayPritchett'shouse.Whenthedooropened，Arthur4histhroatandsaid，“I'msosorry.Icarelesslyknockedintoyourparkedcar.”Jaylookedatthe17-year-oldyouth，5.Arthurcontinued，“Sorryfornottellingyou6.Iwastoofrightened.”Jaywassilentforaminutebeforesayingina7voice，“Youthinkitistherightthingto8foryourbrother？”Arthurwentpale，wide-eyed.JayexplainedthathisbrotherhadadmittedhowhehadriddenArthur'smotorcycleandlost9，resultingintheaccident.Arthurasked10，“Willhebearrested？”“No，justasmalldent.”SeeingArthur's11expression，hewenton，“Ihope，12，yourbrotherwilllearnfromthis.Asforyou，rememberthatitis13tohidethetruth.”Arthurthankedhimandsetoffhome.Hewas14ofhisbrother'scourageinadmittingeverything.Heknewhecouldlookforwardtoagoodnight's15.eq\x(語篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了亞瑟意圖幫他做錯(cuò)事的哥哥承擔(dān)責(zé)任的故事。)1．A.working B．thinkingC．studying D．crying答案B解析句意為：到了早上，亞瑟知道自己坐了一整晚思考之后該做些什么了。work工作；think思考；study學(xué)習(xí)；cry哭。故選B。2．A.broken B．stolenC．lighted D．repaired答案A解析句意為：破碎的前燈和側(cè)面的凹痕無處可藏。broken破碎的；stolen被偷的；lighted點(diǎn)燃的；repaired被修理的。故選A。3．A.plan B．taskC．job D．test答案A解析句意為：直到快天亮的時(shí)候，亞瑟才有空?qǐng)?zhí)行他的計(jì)劃。plan計(jì)劃；task任務(wù)；job工作；test測(cè)試。故選A。4．A.cleaned B．clickedC．cleared D．cracked答案C解析句意為：門開了，亞瑟清了清嗓子，說：“我很抱歉。我不小心撞到你停的車了?！眂lean清潔；click點(diǎn)擊；clear清除；crack破裂。clearone'sthroat清嗓子。故選C。5．A.surprised B．disappointedC．concerned D．moved答案A解析句意為：杰伊驚訝地看著這個(gè)17歲的年輕人。surprised驚訝的；disappointed失望的；concerned關(guān)心的；moved感動(dòng)的。故選A。6．A.frankly B．firmlyC．timely D．exactly答案C解析句意為：亞瑟繼續(xù)說：“很抱歉沒有及時(shí)告訴您。我太害怕了。”frankly坦率地；firmly堅(jiān)定地；timely及時(shí)地；exactly確切地。故選C。7．A.cold B．loudC．sad D．kind答案D解析句意為：杰伊沉默了一會(huì)兒，然后用一種親切的聲音說：“你認(rèn)為替你哥哥掩蓋真相是對(duì)的嗎？”cold寒冷的；loud大聲的；sad悲傷的；kind親切的。故選D。8．A.turnup B．coverupC．putup D．fixup答案B解析參考上題解析。turnup出現(xiàn)；coverup掩蓋；putup張貼；fixup修理。故選B。9．A.temper B．controlC．confidence D．consciousness答案B解析句意為：杰伊解釋說，他的哥哥已經(jīng)承認(rèn)他是如何騎亞瑟的摩托車并失去了控制，導(dǎo)致了事故。temper脾氣；control控制；confidence自信；consciousness意識(shí)。losecontrol失去控制。故選B。10．A.anxiously B．curiouslyC．calmly D．thoughtfully答案A解析句意為：亞瑟焦急地問：“他會(huì)被捕嗎？”anxiously焦急地；curiously好奇地；calmly鎮(zhèn)靜地；thoughtfully深思地。故選A。11．A.serious B．delightedC．relieved D．worried答案C解析句意為：看到亞瑟如釋重負(fù)的表情，他繼續(xù)說道：“不過，我希望你哥哥能從中吸取教訓(xùn)。至于你，記住，隱瞞真相是不明智的?！眘erious認(rèn)真的；delighted高興的；relieved欣慰的；worried擔(dān)心的。故選C。12．A.instead B．howeverC．otherwise D．moreover答案B解析句意參考上題解析。instead代替；however然而；otherwise否則；moreover而且。故選B。13．A.unwise B．impoliteC．uncomfortable D．impractical答案A解析unwise不明智的；impolite無禮的；uncomfortable不舒服的；impractical不切實(shí)際的。根據(jù)語境及常識(shí)可知，隱瞞真相是不明智的。故選A。14．A.proud B．a(chǎn)shamedC．a(chǎn)fraid D．sure答案A解析句意為：他為哥哥敢于承認(rèn)一切而感到驕傲。proud驕傲的；ashamed羞愧的；afraid害怕的；sure肯定的。beproudof為……感到驕傲。故選A。15．A.treat B．partyC．reward D．rest答案D解析句意為：他知道自己可以期待晚上睡個(gè)好覺了。treat款待；party派對(duì)；reward報(bào)答；rest休息。故選D。Ⅵ.語法填空MovingoutofthespacestationforoversixhoursalongwithanotherfellowmemberZhaiZhigang1.November8,2021，taikonautWangYapingbecamethefirstChinesewoman2.__________(walk)intospace.ChinalaunchedtheShenzhou-13spaceshiponOctober16,3.(send)threeastronautsintothecoremodule(核心艙)Tianheonasix-monthtask4.wasexpectedtobereadybynextyear.WangYaping,41，whois5.(current)stationedattheTiangongspacestation，togetherwithherfellowmemberZhaiZhigang,55，lefttheTianhemoduleandintospaceforsixhours.The6.__________(three)crewme