北京海淀區(qū)2022年高三英語(yǔ)一模試卷及答案

海淀區(qū)2022年下學(xué)期一模參考答案第一部分知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)30分)第一節(jié)(共10小題:每小題1.5分，共15分)1.B；2.D；3.C；4.A；5.D；6.B；7.A；8.C；9.C；10.B；第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)11.to；12.won；13.their；14.attending；15.whose；16.imaginations；17.whether；18.hasbeenaccepted；19.shared；20.tochase；第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題:每小題2分，共28分)A篇：21.B；22.C；23.D；B篇：24.D；25.A；26.D；C篇：27.C；28.C；29.A；30.B；D篇：31.C；32.B；33.D；34.A；第二節(jié)(共5小題:每小題2分，共10分)35.C；36.B；37.F；38.A；39.G；北京海淀區(qū)2022年高三英語(yǔ)一模2022.03.29權(quán)威解析：2022年3月29日北京市海淀區(qū)高三一模英語(yǔ)光陰似箭：我們剛剛結(jié)束了北京市豐臺(tái)區(qū)的高三一模英語(yǔ)考試，3月29日我們又迎來(lái)了一年一度的北京市海淀區(qū)高三一模英語(yǔ)學(xué)科考試！全體同學(xué)們，大家感覺(jué)都好吧！你們是不是感覺(jué)答卷行云流水呢？【其實(shí)，海淀區(qū)的英語(yǔ)還是有難度的哦，哈哈……不知道你們同意不？】今天，劉凱老師第一時(shí)間為大家進(jìn)行全網(wǎng)獨(dú)家解析，2022年度北京市海淀區(qū)高三英語(yǔ)學(xué)科，請(qǐng)大家及時(shí)關(guān)注新浪微博教育與騰訊教育頻道！各位同學(xué)們、家長(zhǎng)、老師們：大家好。首先我很榮幸參與2022年北京市高三英語(yǔ)一模全網(wǎng)獨(dú)家解析工作！作為2022年度高三一模解析團(tuán)隊(duì)一員在這里向大家問(wèn)候：祝大家2022年一切順利！如有紕漏還請(qǐng)市區(qū)各位同仁多多指正和補(bǔ)充！我本次參與的解析部分如下：第一模塊：語(yǔ)法填空第二部分：完形填空第三部分：寫(xiě)作第二節(jié)(20分)假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三(1)班班長(zhǎng)李華。你班即將開(kāi)展五一勞動(dòng)節(jié)活動(dòng)。請(qǐng)你給交換生Jjim寫(xiě)一封電子郵件邀請(qǐng)他參加，內(nèi)容包括：1、活動(dòng)目的及安排；2、注意事項(xiàng)。注意：1、詞數(shù)100左右；2、開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。DearJim，Yours，LiHua劉凱老師獨(dú)家解析：各位同學(xué)們，大家不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，2022年北京市海淀區(qū)高三一模英語(yǔ)學(xué)科的作文部分相對(duì)往年較容易，題干很明確哦，大家通過(guò)讀題就不難發(fā)現(xiàn)這篇文章的寫(xiě)作要求，我們先觀察下寫(xiě)作的背景，你班即將開(kāi)展五一勞動(dòng)節(jié)活動(dòng)。請(qǐng)你給交換生Jjim寫(xiě)一封電子郵件邀請(qǐng)他參加。這篇作文是地地道道的應(yīng)用文——邀請(qǐng)信。在以往，我們沒(méi)少練習(xí)過(guò)這樣的書(shū)信文體——邀請(qǐng)信，回憶下初中【中考】，那時(shí)候我們就多次寫(xiě)邀請(qǐng)信的，而2022年3月29日海淀區(qū)高三一模英語(yǔ)的作文也是邀請(qǐng)信，你們是不是很開(kāi)心呢，意不意外，驚不驚喜？加油吧，孩子們，關(guān)于邀請(qǐng)信我們就來(lái)剖析一下吧！邀請(qǐng)信寫(xiě)作及實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練邀請(qǐng)信：某個(gè)具體活動(dòng)的邀請(qǐng)信件，要寫(xiě)清楚：1）發(fā)出邀請(qǐng)；2）參加活動(dòng)的具體內(nèi)容、時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)；3）期待對(duì)方接受邀請(qǐng)?！緞P老師總結(jié)】行文結(jié)構(gòu)：第一段：……中間段：……首先：……邀請(qǐng)的理由其次：……活動(dòng)目的及安排與細(xì)節(jié)展開(kāi)再次：……我的想法與過(guò)往經(jīng)歷尾段：……第一部分知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Iwasabouttosleepwhensomeoneknockedonmywindow.Knock,knock.Thenathree-secondpause.Knock,knock.ImmediatelyIknewitwasmybestfriend,Ben.Theknock1wasouremergencycallwhichnevermeansanythinggood.“What'sgoingon?”Irushedtoopenthewindowandasked.“怎么回事?”我沖過(guò)去打開(kāi)窗戶。問(wèn)Benclimbedin.“Badnews.”Hegavemea2look,andIimmediatelyknewwhatitwas.Myheart3.Igavehimanod,andhesighedinresponse.“Whereto?”Iasked.“去哪兒?”我問(wèn)?！癡irginia."“That'sfarfromFlorida.“那離佛羅里達(dá)很遠(yuǎn)。Welookedateachotherknowingwewerethinkingthesame.BothBenandIhadparentsintheair-force.Wewereusedtofrequentmoves.我們看著對(duì)方，知道我們的想法是一樣的。本和我的父母都在空軍服役。我們已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了頻繁的搬家。BenandIbecameclosefriendssinceIcrashedintoBen'sstandandsentplasticcupsoflemonadeflyingintotheheavens.Atfirst,I4Florida.Everythingchanged,though,whenI5roller-skatedintoBen'slemonadestand.本和我成了好朋友自從我撞到本的攤位，把塑料杯的檸檬水扔進(jìn)了天堂?！癐tmusthavebeenfate!"weclaimed.ButIthinkthat,maybe,therewassome6inthatlemonade,andthatasitraineddownonus,itcastaspellmakingusfriendsforever.“這一定是命運(yùn)!”我們斷言?！癕aybeyourfamilywillgetmovedtoVirginiatoo.”Bensaid.“也許你的家人也會(huì)搬到弗吉尼亞去。”本說(shuō)?！癥eah,maybe."Iknewthechancewaslow,butIchosetohope.Bengrinnedatme.Thoughitlookedsad,Isaw7inhimtoo.“是的,也許吧?！蔽抑罊C(jī)會(huì)很小，但我還是選擇了希望。本朝我咧嘴一笑。“'lhavealemonadestand8foryou.”“ThenI'llpackmyroller-skates.'“那我就帶上我的旱冰鞋。”"ThenI'llwearaponcho(雨披)”“那我就穿件雨披”We9.ThehumidFloridanightclosedaroundus,andIfeltatinydropofliquidsolashonmyarm.Iknewitwasprobablyrain,butstill,lthoughtthat,maybe,itwasadropofmagiclemonade,becausenothingonearthcanbreakthe10betweenus.我們都笑了。潮濕的佛羅里達(dá)夜晚將我們包圍，我感覺(jué)到有一小滴液體在我的手臂上。我知道可能會(huì)下雨，但我還是想，也許，那是一滴神奇的檸檬水，因?yàn)槭澜缟蠜](méi)有任何東西可以打破我們之間的聯(lián)系。1.A.soundB.patternC.numberD.symbol2.A.playfulB.gratefulC.cheerfulD.meaningful3.A.failedB.softenedC.sankD.relieved4.A.hatedB.missedC.exploredD.appreciated5.A.graduallyB.narrowlyC.constantlyD.accidentally6.A.signB.magicC.flavourD.wish7.A.hopeB.joyC.courageD.support8.A.necessaryB.convenientC.readyD.useful9.A.struggledB.arguedC.laughedD.compromised10.A.ruleB.bondC.barrierD.balance劉凱老師解析：本篇完形填空是一篇記敘文。本次一模的完形填空難度系數(shù)還可以，大家很容易領(lǐng)會(huì)文章大意！文章大意是：我正要睡覺(jué)，這時(shí)有人敲我的窗戶。咚,咚,然后是三秒鐘的停頓。咚,咚,我立刻意識(shí)到那是我最好的朋友，本。劉凱老師介紹劉凱，男，蒙古族，黑龍江省齊齊哈爾人。本科為哈爾濱師范大學(xué)英語(yǔ)系，碩士為北京理工大學(xué)。2010年赴美國(guó)賓夕法尼亞大學(xué)交流學(xué)習(xí)；2013年美國(guó)亞利桑那大學(xué)訪問(wèn)學(xué)者；2015年澳大利亞新南威爾士大學(xué)ESL研修；2018年加州理工學(xué)院語(yǔ)言學(xué)雙學(xué)位獲得者；2019年赴澳大利亞麥考瑞大學(xué)習(xí)；GRE托?？荚嚾蚋叻肢@得者；榮獲長(zhǎng)江商學(xué)院EMBA。交流北京市優(yōu)秀青年教師，北京市級(jí)重點(diǎn)高中示范校骨干教師，多年高中一線執(zhí)教經(jīng)驗(yàn)，高三年級(jí)把關(guān)教師，多次參與東城區(qū)模擬試題命題工作，教學(xué)理念先進(jìn)，教學(xué)成果突出，多篇教學(xué)論文獲市區(qū)級(jí)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)。多篇文章發(fā)表在《中國(guó)教育報(bào)》《中國(guó)考試》《北京教育》等報(bào)刊上。多次參加高考閱卷工作，參與人民教育出版社、北京教育出版社、外研社等各類高考教學(xué)用書(shū)的編寫(xiě)工作，有豐富的備考經(jīng)驗(yàn)，國(guó)際核心期刊發(fā)表多篇論文。教育部課題研究員，參與國(guó)家十二五課題計(jì)劃，并作出突出貢獻(xiàn)，參與初中、高中各年級(jí)區(qū)級(jí)試題的命制，多次承擔(dān)區(qū)級(jí)和市級(jí)研究課任務(wù)。北京市科技英語(yǔ)優(yōu)秀指導(dǎo)教師，所帶學(xué)生在各級(jí)英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)、作文競(jìng)賽中多次獲獎(jiǎng)；將扎實(shí)的英語(yǔ)基本功和嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)膶W(xué)術(shù)思想作為教學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)，課堂上善于寓教于樂(lè)，信息量大，內(nèi)容豐富，使學(xué)生在和諧的課堂氣氛下欣賞英語(yǔ)、享受英語(yǔ)、掌握英語(yǔ)、運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)。2009-2012年期間，多次受邀在北京廣播電臺(tái)主持英語(yǔ)高考大綱解析及英語(yǔ)新課程改革節(jié)目，學(xué)術(shù)功底深厚，兼具偶像派與實(shí)力派特點(diǎn)，教風(fēng)親切灑脫，詼諧幽默，思維開(kāi)闊，屢有奇思妙想，善于引導(dǎo)學(xué)生學(xué)以致用，對(duì)高考動(dòng)向把握極其準(zhǔn)確，深受學(xué)生和家長(zhǎng)歡迎。尤其擅長(zhǎng)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法和單詞記憶法。海外生活學(xué)習(xí)十年，社科人文類學(xué)科偏愛(ài)者；10年雅思教齡，知名教師培訓(xùn)師；指導(dǎo)上萬(wàn)考生快速?zèng)_刺雅思寫(xiě)作、閱讀，平均分?jǐn)?shù)7.5分；獨(dú)創(chuàng)“段落清空”、極簡(jiǎn)化“針對(duì)檢索式”閱讀法等眾多高效技法；每年雅思考試均在10次以上；均分8+；真題回憶準(zhǔn)確度97%以上；貼近西式思路和語(yǔ)言指導(dǎo)學(xué)生寫(xiě)作；善于幫助學(xué)生突破學(xué)術(shù)思維瓶頸。講授科目有長(zhǎng)難句、翻譯、四六級(jí)考試、閱讀和寫(xiě)作；在2014、2015、2017、2019四年考研中，接受其培訓(xùn)的所有考生中有近萬(wàn)名考生取得高分。帶給學(xué)生的不只是考分的提高，更多的是對(duì)英語(yǔ)領(lǐng)悟和感知的突破。純正的英音、獨(dú)到的見(jiàn)解、睿智的思維和輕松幽默的語(yǔ)言，為其贏得了廣大學(xué)生的認(rèn)同和喜愛(ài)。寫(xiě)作資深考研培訓(xùn)講師；英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)考試天團(tuán)高級(jí)講師；雅思閱讀、雅思寫(xiě)作培訓(xùn)主講名師；六級(jí)考試閱卷組成員；深諳命題規(guī)律和解題套路，對(duì)英語(yǔ)的學(xué)習(xí)規(guī)律和方法見(jiàn)解獨(dú)特。呼吁國(guó)人學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的態(tài)度：重復(fù)是記憶之母。用聽(tīng)，用看，用心去觸摸每個(gè)單詞，你便會(huì)有好的記憶。中國(guó)人要學(xué)好英語(yǔ)就要有一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)變態(tài)。上課特點(diǎn)：課堂從不需點(diǎn)名，卻無(wú)人缺席教學(xué)理念：英語(yǔ)教師很幸運(yùn)也有責(zé)任與學(xué)生一同叩響世界之門(mén)!第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題；每小題2分，共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AOldandunrestoredtheatresareallaroundusandyetsounnoticed.Anewphotobookunveilstheiroftenoverlookedbeauty.我們周圍到處都是未修復(fù)的老劇院，卻無(wú)人注意。一本新的相冊(cè)揭示了它們經(jīng)常被忽視的美。Proctor'sTheatre,Newark,NewJersey普洛克特劇院，紐瓦克，新澤西州Althoughavailableoutdoorsfromstreetsellers,foodwasbannedintheatrestodisplayrespectability.Inthelate1920s,however,theoperatorsinProctor'sTheatreinNewarkbegantosetupstandstoimprovetheeconomicsituationduringtheGreatDepression.PopcornandCokewouldbecomeasignificantpartofthetheatre'sincome.雖然在戶外可以從街頭小販那里買到食物，但為了顯示體面，劇院里禁止吃東西。然而，在20世紀(jì)20年代末，紐瓦克的普羅克特劇院的經(jīng)營(yíng)者開(kāi)始設(shè)立看臺(tái)，以改善大蕭條時(shí)期的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況。爆米花和可樂(lè)將成為劇院收入的重要組成部分。Proctor’sTheatre,Troy,NewYork普洛克特劇院，特洛伊，紐約OriginallyopenedasProctor'sFourthStreetTheatrein1914,ithostedfamouscomedianssuchasJackBennyandBobHope.From1929,itwassuccessivelytakenover,renamedasProctor'sTroyTheatreandswitchedtoscreeningfilms,Inthe1960s,itbeganplayingsecond-runfilmsbeforeclosingin1977.ItwaslistedontheNationalRegisterofHistoricPlaces(NRHP)in1979.In2010.thetheatrewasrepairedbutiscurrentlynotbeingusedtoday.它最初于1914年作為普羅科特的第四街劇院開(kāi)放，曾招待過(guò)杰克·本尼和鮑勃·霍普等著名喜劇演員。從1929年開(kāi)始，它被陸續(xù)接管，更名為普洛克特特洛伊劇院，并轉(zhuǎn)向放映電影。20世紀(jì)60年代，它開(kāi)始放映第二輪電影，1977年關(guān)閉。1979年，它被列入國(guó)家歷史遺跡名錄(NRHP)。在2010年。劇院被修復(fù)過(guò)，但現(xiàn)在不使用了。RKOKeith’sFlushingTheatre,NewYorkRKOKeith的法拉盛劇院，紐約Originallyopenedin1928.RKOKeith'sFlushingTheatrewasdesignedbyThomasLamb.In1982,itwaslistedontheNRHP.In1986,thetheatrewasboughtandclosedbyitsnewownerwhoplannedtobuildashoppingcentreonthesite,intentionallydamagingthehall.In2019,despitethepreservationefforts,thehallwasknockeddowntomakewayforaresidentialtowerblock.最初于1928年開(kāi)放。RKOKeith的法拉盛劇院由ThomasLamb設(shè)計(jì)。1982年，它被列入NRHP。1986年，劇院被它的新主人買下并關(guān)閉，他計(jì)劃在這里建造一個(gè)購(gòu)物中心，故意破壞了大廳。2019年，盡管進(jìn)行了保護(hù)工作，該大廳還是被拆除，為一座住宅樓讓路。MetropolitanOperaHouse,Philadelphia/?f?l??delfi?/費(fèi)城大都會(huì)歌劇院ThetheatrewasoriginallyopenedasthePhiladelphiaOperaHousein1908.Inthe1920s,itwasrenamedastheMetropolitanOperaHouse,showingsilentfilmsinadditiontohostingvariousoperacompanies.Inthe1940s,itbecameasportsarena.In1954,itwasturnedintoachurch.Inthelate1990s.thebuildingwaspurchasedbyMarkHatcher.Thechurchandthedevelopercametoanagreementonarepairforamusicvenuethatwascompletedandreopenedin2018.劇院最初于1908年作為費(fèi)城歌劇院開(kāi)放。在20世紀(jì)20年代，它被重新命名為大都會(huì)歌劇院，除了主辦各種歌劇公司外，還放映無(wú)聲電影。在20世紀(jì)40年代，它變成了一個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)。1954年，它被改成了教堂。在20世紀(jì)90年代末。這棟樓被馬克·海切爾買下了。教堂和開(kāi)發(fā)商就音樂(lè)場(chǎng)地的修復(fù)達(dá)成了協(xié)議，該場(chǎng)地于2018年完工并重新開(kāi)放。21.Inthelate1920%,Proctor’TheatreinNewarksetupstandsto_______.在1920%后期，紐瓦克的普洛克特劇院設(shè)立了看臺(tái)A.showrespectfortheguestsB.increasethetheater’sincomeC.promotenewlyreleasedmoviesD.competewiththestreetsellers22.Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?從文章中我們能知道什么?A.RKOKeith'sFlushingTheatreiswellpreserved.B.Proctor'sTheatreinTroyplayssecond-runfilmsnow.C.MetropolitanOperaHousehaswitnessedchangesinitsfunction.D.Proctor'sTheatreinNewarkhasbeenofficiallylistedontheNRHP.23.Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?這篇文章的目的是什么?A.Toranktheoldandunrestoredtheatres.B.ToshowthedevelopmentofAmericantheatres.C.Toencouragepeopletoprotecttheoldtheatres.D.Toprovideinformationonoverlookedoldtheatres.BTotheuntrainedeye,apingpongballisjustapingpongball.ToaBeverlyClearyfan.it'stwomotorcyclehelmetsformice.在外行人看來(lái)，乒乓球只是乒乓球而已。獻(xiàn)給貝弗利·克利里的粉絲。這是給老鼠的兩個(gè)摩托車頭盔。EversinceIreadCleary'sseriesaboutRalph,themotorcycle-ridingmouse,I'veneverlookedatapingpongball-ortheworld-thesameway.Amazingtothinkthatit'sbeenmorethanfortyyearssinceIcheckedoutTheMouseandtheMotorcyclefrommyschoollibraryinNorthport,andyetthatoneparticularimageisascleartomeasever.自從我讀了克利里關(guān)于騎摩托車的老鼠拉爾夫的系列小說(shuō)后，我就再也沒(méi)有以同樣的方式看待過(guò)乒乓球——或者世界。令人驚訝的是，自從我在諾斯波特的學(xué)校圖書(shū)館里借了《老鼠和摩托車》，已經(jīng)過(guò)去四十多年了，但那張?zhí)貏e的圖片對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)還是一如既往地清晰。Andwhyshouldn'titbe?It'sperfect.為什么不是呢?它是完美的。HowIwantedamouseofmyowntorideatoymotorcyclearoundmyhouse!ThankstoCleary'sgenius,atalkingmousefriendseemednotonlypossiblebutprobable.我多么想要一只自己的老鼠在我的房子里騎著玩具摩托車!多虧了克利里的天才，一個(gè)會(huì)說(shuō)話的老鼠朋友似乎不僅是可能的，而且是很可能的。Whilemuchofchildren'sliteratureattemptedtoexplaintheworldfromthepointofviewofawiseandgentleadult,Clearycreatedcharacterswhosawtheworldasonlychildrencan.Withgreatinterest,IreadeverybookthatboreBeverlyCleary'sname.SheseemedlikeafriendwhounderstoodmeinwaysIdidn'tyetunderstandmyself.很多兒童文學(xué)作品都試圖從一個(gè)聰明、溫柔的成年人的角度來(lái)解釋世界，而克利里創(chuàng)作的人物則以只有兒童才能看到的視角來(lái)看待世界。帶著極大的興趣，我讀了每一本以貝弗利·克利里的名字命名的書(shū)。她似乎是一個(gè)朋友，她對(duì)我的理解，雖然我還不了解自己。I'vewritteneightchildren'sbooksandhavealwayskeptBeverly'ssenseofwonderinmind.Idon'trememberatexactlywhatageIdecidedIwantedtowritebooks,butIknowthatbysecondorthirdgrade,myteacherassignedaprojectthatallowedustofocusonwhateverwewanted.Mybestfriendpickeddolphins;Ichosechildren'sauthors.withalargechunkofmyprojectbeingaboutwhoelse?BeverlyCleary!我已經(jīng)寫(xiě)了八本兒童讀物，并一直將貝弗利的好奇心銘記在心。我不記得我是在什么年齡決定寫(xiě)書(shū)的，但我知道在二、三年級(jí)的時(shí)候，我的老師布置了一個(gè)項(xiàng)目，讓我們能夠?qū)Ｗ⒂谖覀兿胍娜魏问虑?。我最好的朋友選擇了海豚;我選擇了兒童作家。我的項(xiàng)目大部分都是關(guān)于誰(shuí)的?貝弗莉佳!Itoldthatstoryrecentlytoaschoolgroup.Oneofthestudentssaid,“That'sfantastic!Youdidyourprojectonchildren'sauthorsandthenyoubecameone!”我最近把這個(gè)故事告訴了一個(gè)學(xué)校小組。其中一個(gè)學(xué)生說(shuō):“太好了!你完成了兒童作家的研究項(xiàng)目，然后你就成了一個(gè)作家!”“Yes.”Isaid.“Andmybestfriendwhodidherprojectondolphins---becameadolphin!”“是的。”我說(shuō)?！拔易詈玫呐笥炎隽艘粋€(gè)關(guān)于海豚的項(xiàng)目，她變成了一只海豚!”“Really?”thestudentssaidinchorus.“真的嗎?學(xué)生們異口同聲地說(shuō)。AndthatperfectlysumsupwhyIlovewritingforchildren:thebeliefthatfantastic,magicalthingscanhappen.Bestfriendscanbecomedolphins;micecanridetoymotorcyclesandbecomeourfriends.這完美地總結(jié)了我為什么喜歡為孩子們寫(xiě)作:相信奇妙、神奇的事情會(huì)發(fā)生。最好的朋友可以變成海豚;老鼠可以騎玩具摩托車，成為我們的朋友。That'swhatBeverlyClearytaughtme.Inthehandsofagiftedstoryteller,anythingispossible...andsoveryfunny.這是貝弗利·克利里教我的。在一個(gè)有天賦的說(shuō)書(shū)人手中，一切皆有可能。非常有趣。24.TheMouseandtheMotorcycleimpressedtheauthormainlybecause_______.《老鼠和摩托車》給作者留下印象主要是因?yàn)樯羁藺.itrecordedanimals’lifeB.itrevealedthewisdomoflifeC.itencouragedchildrentoraisepetsD.itdescribedtheworldfromchildren'seyes25.Whenlearningtheauthor'sfriendbecameadolphin,thestudentsfelt______.當(dāng)?shù)弥髡叩呐笥炎兂闪撕ｋ鄷r(shí)，學(xué)生們感到A.amazedB.doubtfulC.scaredD.confused26.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?這篇文章主要講的是什么?A.WhattheauthorcreatedtoattractchildrenB.WhattheauthordidtoturnimpossibleintopossibleC.HowBeverlyClearyarousedchildren'sinterestinreadingD.HowtheauthorwasinspiredtobeawriterbyBeverlyClearyCWhenachunkoficefellfromacollapsingglacier(冰川)ontheSwissAlps’MountEigerin2017,partofthelongdeepsounditproducedwastoolowforhumanearstodetect.Butthesevibrationsheldakeytocalculatingtheiceavalanche's(崩塌)criticalcharacteristics.2017年，當(dāng)一塊冰從瑞士阿爾卑斯山脈艾格爾山上的一座崩塌的冰川上落下時(shí)，它產(chǎn)生的部分長(zhǎng)而深沉的聲音太低，人類的耳朵無(wú)法探測(cè)到。但這些振動(dòng)是計(jì)算關(guān)鍵特征的關(guān)鍵。冰崩Low-frequencysoundwavescalledinfrasoundthattravelgreatdistancesthroughtheatmospherearealreadyusedtomonitoractivevolcanoesfromafar.Nowsomeresearchersinthisfieldhaveswitchedfocusfromfiretoice:dangerousblockssnappingoffglaciers.Previousworkhasanalyzedinfrasoundfromsnowavalanchesbutneverice,saysBoiseStateUniversitygeophysicistJeffreyJohnson.“Thiswasdifferent,”Johnsonsays.“Asignatureofanewmaterialhasbeendetectedwithinfrasound."Usuallyglaciersmovefartooslowlytogenerateaninfrasoundsignal.whichresearcherspickupusingdetectorsthattrackslightchangesinairpressure.Butacollapse-asudden,rapidbreakingoficefromtheglacier'smainbody-isaprolificinfrasoundproducer.Glacialcollapsesdriveiceavalanches,whichposeanincreasingthreattopeopleinmountainousregionsasrisingtemperaturesweakenlargefieldsofice,Aglacier"canbecomedetachedfromthegroundduetomelting,causingbiggerbreak-offs.”saysUniversityofFlorencegeologistEmanueleMarchetti,leadauthorofthenewstudy.Asthethreatgrows,scientistsseeknewwaystomonitoranddetectsuchcollapses.Researchersoftenuseradartofrackiceavalanches,whichisprecisehutexpensiveandcanmonitoronlyonespecificlocationandneighboringavalanchepaths.Infrasound,Marchettisays,ischeaperandcandetectbreak-offeventsaroundamuchbroaderareaaswellasmultipleavalanchesacrossamountain.Itischallenging,however,toseparateasignalintoitscomponents(suchastrafficnoises,individualavalanchesandnearbyearthquakes)withoutadditionalmeasurements.saysETHZurichglaciologistMalgorzataChmiel.”ThemodelusedbyMarchettiisafirstapproximationforthis,"shesays.Isolatingtherelevantsignalhelpstheresearchersmonitoraniceavalanche'sspeed,pathandvolumefromafarusinginfrasoundMarchettiandhiscolleaguesarenowworkingtoimprovetheirdetectorstopickupmoresignalsacrossat-riskregionsinEurope,andtheyhavesetupcollaborationsaroundthecontinenttobetterunderstandsignalsthatcollapsingglaciersproduce.Theyarealsorefiningtheirmathematicalanalysistofigureouteachicecascade'sphysicaldetails.27.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph2andParagraph3?我們能從第二段和第三段中學(xué)到什么?A.Infrasoundhasamajorroletoplayindiscoveringnewmaterials.B.Iceavalanchesareabiggerthreattopeoplethanvolcaniceruptions.C.Researchersaretryingtouseinfrasoundindetectingiceavalanches.D.Scientistsemployinfrasoundmoreinmountainareasthaninotherplaces.28.Whichisanadvantageofinfrasoundoverradar?次聲雷達(dá)的優(yōu)勢(shì)是什么?A.Thecombinationwithotherrelevantsignals.B.Theaccuracyinlocatingacertainavalanche.C.Theabilityinpickingupsignalsinwiderareas.D.Thesensitivityintrackingairpressurechanges.29.Theunderlinedword"this"inParagraph4refersto第4段中劃線的“this”指的是A.distinguishingdifferentcomponentsofasignalB.detectingmultipleavalanchesatthesametimeC.calculatingthespeedandpathoficeavalanchesD.monitoringthespecificlocationoficebreak-offs30.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?下面哪個(gè)是這篇文章最好的標(biāo)題?A.FromFiretoleeB.GlacierWhispersC.NatureisWarningD.SecretofIceAvalanchesDInover25years,DeSimonehasspunhisresearchfindingsintocommercialgoldbylaunchingseveralbusinesses.AsafacultymemberattheUniversityofNorthCarolina,heprovidedscientificadviceandheldequityinthebusinesses.Buthehasneveractuallymanagedhiscompanies,Hisemployersbarhimfromsimultaneouslyholdinganacademicpostandanexecutiveposition.Thedualpolescanpresenthugeconflicts.在超過(guò)25年的時(shí)間里，德西蒙通過(guò)創(chuàng)辦幾家公司，將他的研究成果轉(zhuǎn)化為商業(yè)黃金。作為北卡羅來(lái)納大學(xué)(UniversityofNorthCarolina)的教員，他提供科學(xué)建議，并持有這些企業(yè)的股權(quán)。但他從未真正管理過(guò)他的公司，他的雇主禁止他同時(shí)擔(dān)任學(xué)術(shù)職位和行政職位。兩極可能會(huì)帶來(lái)巨大的沖突。Conflictsofinterest(COIs)occurwhenanindividual'spersonalinterests-family,friendships.financial,orsocialfactors-couldcompromisehisorherjudgment,decisions,oractionsintheworkplace,anditmakessoundcareersensetothinkabouthowtomanagethem.Researchersshoulddisclosepotentialorexistingconflictsacrossallaspectsofacademiclife.Inmostplaces,COImanagementrunsonanhonorsystem.Researchersdecidewhichfinancialholdingsandrelationshipstodisclosetouniversityadministrators.Journalsandfundersadoptasimilarsystemwhentheyaskauthorsandpeerreviewersaboutpotentialconflictsrelatedtomanuscriptorgrantapprovals.Mostresearchinstitutionsoffertrainingtohelpfacultymemberstounderstandwhatconstitutesapotentialorexistingconflict.Administratorsthendecidewhethertheinterestpresentsaconflict,andwhetherthatconflictcanbehandled.Ifso,theycreateamanagementplantoaddressit.Ifnot,researchersmustabandonthework,partnerwithresearchersatotherinstitutions,orleavetheiruniversityPerceptionplaysapartindefiningapotentialconflict,warnsWalt,achemistatTuftsUniversity.Investigatorswhodevelopatechnologyinthelaboratoryandthentransferittotheircompanycouldcreateaconflictofinterestintheeyesoftheirstudents,Waltsays.Butthepotentialconflictcanbeavoidedbydraftingalicensingagreementthatbarsdiscoveriesfromautomaticallybeingtransferredtotheinvestigator'scompany.Waltcreatedsuchanarrangementtoassurehisstudentsthattheyweren'tactuallyworkingforhisprivatecompanies.Relationshipscanposeconflictswhenconferenceorganizersarechoosingspeakers.MembersoftheAmericanSocietyforHumanGeneticsprogramcommittee,whichselectsabstractsandtalksfortheirannualmeeting,mustrecuse(要求回避)themselvesfromconsideringtalksby,forexample,researchersattheircurrentandpastinstitutions,closecollaboratorsandthosewithwhomtheyhavepersonalorfamilialties.Evendifferingpointsofviewcanplayapart.Scacheri,ageneticistwhochairsthecommittee,saysthatmemberswhohavedisagreedpersonallywithpotentialspeakersmightalsobeobligedtorecusethemselves:“Ifyoufeellikeyoucan'tbeanimpartial(公正的)reviewer,thatisconsideredaCOI.”HandlingCOIscanbeburdensome.COImanagersemphasizethatthegoalisnottosuppressinnovation,buttoexposepotentialconflictssothattheycanbemanaged.“Nothingabouttheprocessismeanttobeprohibitive,”saysGrewal,aCOIofficeratMIT.Herinstitutionwantstoenablegoodscienceandthebettermentofhumanity.“Duringthatprocess.”shesays,“ifyoumakesomemoneythat'sgoodaswell.”31.TheexampleofDeSimoneinParagraph1isusedmainlyto______.第一段中DeSimone的例子主要用于A.raiseaquestionB.reportafindingC.introduceatopicD.presentatheory32.TobetterdealwithCOIs,_______.A.researchershavetoquittheirjobattheuniversityB.researchersshouldreporttheconflictsthatpossiblyexistC.institutionsneedtomonitorthestaff'scareerandrelationshipsD.institutionsshouldtrainresearcherstocreatemanagementplans33.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?我們能從文章中學(xué)到什么?A.GrewalconsidersCOImanagementexhaustingandcostly.B.Waltarrangedtotransferdiscoveriesathislabtohiscompanies.C.ConferenceorganizersshouldavoidinvitingunqualifiedspeakersD.Scacheribelievespersonalviewpointsmayimpactareviewer'sdecision.34.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?我們能從文章中推斷出什么?A.COIscanbedefineddependingoninterpretations.B.COIsbenefitscientificinnovationandbetterhumanity.C.COIsariseprimarilyduetothepursuitoffinancialgains.D.COIscanbegotridofbypromotingfairnessinworkplaces第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2分，共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Howmuchtimedoyouspenddoingresearchbeforeyoumakeadecision?Therearepeoplewhogoovereverydetailexhaustivelybeforemakingachoice.35Psychologistscallthiswayofthinkingacognitivebias(偏見(jiàn)),atendencytowardaspecificmentalmistake.你在做決定之前會(huì)花多少時(shí)間做研究?有些人在做出選擇之前會(huì)仔細(xì)檢查每一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)。但相當(dāng)多的人會(huì)迅速得出結(jié)論。心理學(xué)家稱這種思維方式為認(rèn)知偏差，即傾向于某種特定的心理錯(cuò)誤。Tostudy“jumping”,weexamineddecision-makingpatternsamongmorethan600peoplefromthegeneralpopulation.Wefoundthatjumpersmademoreerrorsthannon-jumpersonproblemsthatrequirethoughtfulanalysis.36InaquizaboutUScivics,theyoverestimatedthechancethattheiranswerswererightsignificantlymorethanotherparticipantsdid-evenwhentheiranswerswerewrong.Sowhatisbehind"jumping"?Psychologicalresearcherscommonlydistinguishbetweentwopathwaysofthought:automaticsystem,whichreflectsideasthatcometothemindeasily,spontaneouslyandwithouteffort,andcontrolledsystemincludingconsciousandeffortfulreasoning.Jumpersandnon-jumpersareequallyinfluencedbyautomaticthoughts._37Itisthecontrolledsystemthathelpspeoplecounterbalancementalbiasesintroducedbytheautomaticsystem.Asaresult,jumpersweremorelikelytoaccepttheconclusionmadeatfirstblushwithoutfurtherquestioning.Alackofcontrolledthinkingisalsomorebroadlyconnectedtotheirproblematicbeliefsandfaultyreasoning.38Amethodcalledmetacognitivetrainingcanbeusedtotargettheirbiases,whichcanhelppeoplethinkmoredeliberatively.Inthistraining,participantsareconfrontedwiththeirownbiases.Theycanlearnaboutthemisstepsandotherwaysofthinkingthroughtheproblemathand.Ithelpstochipawayatparticipants’overconfidence.Ineverydaylife,thequestionofwhetherweshouldthinkthingsthroughorinsteadgowithourgutisafrequentandimportantone,39Sometimesthemostimportantdecisionwemakecanbetotakesomemoretimebeforemakingachoice.A.Happily,theremaybesomehopeforjumpers.B.Also,jumpershadproblemswithoverconfidence.C.Butafairnumberofindividualsarequicktojumptoconclusions.D.Itiscertainlypossibleforthemtooverthinkthingstotakeadecision.E.WeplantocontinuetheworktotraceotherproblemsintroducedbyjumpingF.Thejumpers,however,didnotengageincontrolledreasoningtothesamedegreeasnon-jumpers.G.Recentstudiesshowthatevengatheringjustalittlebitmoreevidencemayhelpusavoidamajormistake.第三部分書(shū)面表達(dá)(共節(jié)32分)第一節(jié)(共4小題，第4041題各2分，第42題3分，第43題5分、共12分)閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問(wèn)題。請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。Youmightnothaveheardofthe"freshstarteffect",butifyou'veevermadeaNewYear'sresolution.You’refamiliarwithit.Itreferstothehumantendencytotakeactiontowardsachievingagoalafteraspecialoccasionorkeydatehaspassed.你可能沒(méi)聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)“新開(kāi)始效應(yīng)”，但如果你曾下過(guò)新年決心的話。你對(duì)它很熟悉。它指的是在特殊場(chǎng)合或關(guān)鍵日期過(guò)后，人們?yōu)榱藢?shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)而采取行動(dòng)的傾向。Thefreshstarteffectissimple.Mostpeoplewanttoimprovethemselvesinsomeway.Whenwehitimportantmilestones.We’reoftenlikelytoreflect:arewewherewethoughtwe’dbebyacertainage?Wasthisyearasuccessfulyear,ordidwewasteit?Annuallandmarkslikebirthdays,orthestart